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About The Oregon statesman. (Salem, Or.) 1916-1980 | View Entire Issue (Nov. 2, 1930)
PAGE FOUR The OREGON STATESMAN. Salem. Oregon, Sunday Morning. rtovember Z, liMU "Ao Favor Sways Us; No Fear Shall Atca" From First Statesman, March 28, 1851 THE STATESMAN PUBLISHING CO. Ghaeixs A. S Prague, Sott-don F. Sacxett, Publisher Chajuxs A. Spbacue - - - - Editor-Manager Sheldon F. Saceett - - - - - Managing Editor Member of the Associated Press Tha AssocKted Pres is esclnsirely entitled to the mm Cor publica tion of all news dispatches credited to it or sot otherwise credited la this paper. Pacific Coast Advertising Representatives : Arthur W. Stypes. Inc., Portland, Security Bide San Franrtwo, Sharon Bids. ; jon Anselea, W. Pac Bids. Eastern Advertising Representatives : rord-r.arson3-Steehfcr.Iiic., New York, 1T1 Madison Ave.; Chicago, 3s X. Michigan Ave. Entered at the Postojfice at Salem, Oregon, Second-Class Matter. Published every morning except Monday. Business ff ice, 215 S. Commercial Street. ' SUBSCRIPTION RATES: Mall Subscription Rates, In. Advance. Within Oreeoa : Daily and Sunday, I Mo. Stt cent; S Mo. $1.23 Mo. SZ.M : I year $4.09. Elae wbera 50 cents per Mo. or $5.00 for 1 year la advance. By City Carrier: SS cents a month; J5.5S a year la advance. Per Copy 3 cents.. On trains arid News Stands 6 cents. The End of THE tumult and the snouting are dying away, luesaay is the day of balloting at the end of a campaign of tur- man and fha Ssanoa rT-oacnfv1 W . V TIM. WW. - " "off year, especially when accompanied by a lull in general . .1 11. . 1 A. XI . - ousiness, always results aaverseiy uj vims pari? m jwwa, and the Republicans expect to lose some seats in congress and some other offices. That may easily be expected after such an overwhelming victory as two years ago. In this state the return of Senator McNaryis univer a lit.- frmndArl TT h mar! a -nrartiridlv no camnaifrn. leav ing his opponents to saw their Hawley, whose long career in congress nas gainea ior mat m high and powerful place in thatTody, will also win by a large majority. His opponent, W.' A. DelzelL courting the lightning which he hopes may strike his way, has been carrying oh an active campaign; but Hawley's position seems secure. As to the governorship if the result may be predicted by the amount of money , spent and the noise made, Julius Meier will be elected. The spacious war chest of Meier head quarters has financed a big campaign all over the state. There remains a vast company of voters not so vociferous as the bull-frog party. It is upon this quiet and undemon strative vote that the hopes of electing an anti-Meier can didate rest. While the straw votes have been only of limited groups, they have disclosed widely different r. 5ults. Bailey, the democratic candidate, deserted by the Poi eland Journal and abandoned by many democrats who have gone to the Meier camp, may draw some strength from disaffected re publicans. Over the state as a whole it would seem that the heavy republican vote would make the race one between Meier and Metschan; and that the way to make the anti- - - - .a . m sr s Meier vote effective is to vote ior meiscnan. i ' There are thirteen propositions to be voted on; alto gether too many to be submitted to the public. Eleven of j them are constitutional amendments again an excessive number. The craze of tinkering with the state's fundamental law seems to possess us. . The Statesman on the eve of the election urges all good citizens to vote. Get a sample "ballot. Study it carefully. Study the measures particularly. Then vote. And no matter how the election goes, be a good American citizen and abide by the result. " . v f Sets et Precedent THE state highway commission at its meeting Thursday announced that it would take over the road around Neah-kah-nie mountain, a stretch of about twenty mile3. Members of the county courts of Clatsop and Tillamook counties ap J pealed to the commission to take over this scenic highway, which Is only partially complteed, and the counties agreed to take over the section of the present coast highway run ning Inland from Cannon Beach behind Neah-kah-nie moun tain; . ' J This road from Nehalem around the face of the moun tain and down to Cannon Beach wiH be one of the mo3t wonderful marine view roads in the world. It is really the n A aT f rm 1-s a J A. T T personal acmevemenx 01 o. u. jueea 01 ureas tavern, nean-kah-nie, former county commissioner of Tillamook county. We recall back in 1924 camping at this beach, when the road was only the dream of Mr Reed. With a tractor he k himself set to work clearing the way of rocks to start the work. As county commissioner he secured county funds which were spent on the road around the mountain. Now he is about to see the fruition or his plans and hopes. This action of , the commission makes it now a very easy matter for that body to recognize the North Santiam highway by placing it on the state highway map. The Mar ion county court is willing to match-, dollars on this work; and.no request is made of the state to put up money on the North Santiam until it has funds in hand to do so. This, be it understood, is without prejudice to the South Santiam highway, which is nowjreceiving state funds. Claim has been made that the commission could not deviate from the old outline of a road system. Yet the Willamette highway over the mountains through Oak Ridge was made a state project by the commission; and now this .ffeah-kah-nie section is added to the state highway system. The Marion county court and the Salem chamber of commerce should present their cause at the next .meeting of the commission in November, urging that the North Santiam be put on the state map, making it clear that the request is not in any way antagonistic to the South Santiam road, and that no early expenditure of state funds on the North Santiam segment is requested or expected. Survey of the Willamette PUBLIC officials and citizens of the entire valley, espe cially of the cities located on the Willamette, should study carefully the report of the Sanitary Survey of the Willamette Valley conducted by scientists of the engineer ing station at Corvallis. Generous extracts from this report are printed on another page of this issue of The Statesman. The salient facts set forth in the report are, so far as Salem is concerned: ; 1. The water above Salem la quite free from pollution and contamination and the river Is a satisfactory source "for onr water supply, the water of course requiring treatment as it now receives. - r 2. From Salem down the river is subject to Increasing pollu tion so that at Just above Portland during low water periods the dissolved oxygen is so low as. to be Inimical to natural fish life. 1 3. The Industrial wastes from the pulp mill and ilax plant are far 'more of a problem than the Salem city sewage. These liquors re dace the harmful bacteria In the water but also lower 'the oxygen content, endangering fish life, which 4s of Importance because the Willamette produces more salmon eggs than any other stream trib- uiary to me wo.umo.a. - The up-river cities are cleared of most offense, the re port indicating that the river is only slightly affected by .the influx of sewage by cities above Salem. This apDears to reueve mese ernes oi .ine necessity ox any- lmaneaiaie con 1 ? . . "A 1.1 struction of costly sewage disposal plants. From- Salem to PnrfTnrirl tlrta rirnhloni ta hrpnfarilno rm(r fnrthav study and for co-operative effort to reduce the stream pol lution. - " ' ' : " ,. - PuId mills at Salem. Newbersr. West Linn and Orejron . City Create a problem in their pouring of sulphite' liquors into the stream, the population equivalent of these mills being 55200, or mere than the total population of all the cities along the river. The problem is sot to be solved by sudden drastic action, but by the joint effort of health reg nlatorv bodies.. industries, and dtV authorities. Wo do not the Camrjaicm will asvtn rW remrded. An arms in the air.j Congressman ? A m i . m Ventillation During the summer time we are not concerned especial ly with ventilation but as fall and winter approaches i It becomes in creasingly Im portant. O a e of the princi pal causes et respiratory in fections: such as, pneumonia, colds and In t lnemi, is poor ventila 1 1 o n common In m o a t of homes 1n win- J vr. v. A. Douglas ter tlme Tne problem then Is to provide good ventilation In order that respira tory Infections may be prevented. There are of course other impor tant predisposing causes., such as lack of sunlight, improper diet, obstructions in the nose and throat, etc. These will be dealt with later. What do we mean by good ven tilation? Fundamentally good ventilation has to do not so much with an abundant supply of ox ygen as was formerly believed as with aiding the body to get rid of excessive body heat and to ad just itself readily to rapid changes in atmospheric tempera ture. Every one is acquainted with the "close day" in which the ventilation ceema so poor a 1 though the amount of oxygen re mains the same. This is due to excessive moisture in the air which' prevents the body from los ing heat properly through per spiration. A person whose .skin is not in good condition cannot safe ly make a .rapid change from a cold temperature to a hot one without eome danger of HI ef fects. Many experiments have been made to determine what consti tutes , good temperature. It has been found that good ventilation must have at least four charac teristics: First, it must be of a temper ature not exceeding 65-70 de grees Far. This is colder than most people are accustomed to but it is the most healthful one. The second characteristic is a humidity or dampness! of the air of 40 which means a humidity about half that of air which would be fully saturated at that temperature. As a matter of fact in this country little attention need be paid to humidity if the temperature is kept somewhere near 65. The third characteristic of -good ventilation is a temperature of the air which does not remain constant but which fluctuates to a certain extent up and down. This helps to stimulate the skin to protect itself. The activity in the skin of course ' improves gen eral tone and circulation.' Every one has had the experience of spring fever which is supposed to be due largely to the mild un varying temperature which re sults in lassitude and inactivity. Thus the temperature should not be kept at a dead level of 65 but should fluctuate somewhat. The fourth characteristic of good ven tilation is movement. Good fresh air is not stilL It is always mov ing. This of course helps in car rying away body heat which might otherwise accumulate around the- body and thereby cause oppression. From a practical standpoint it has been found that the best way to secure good ventilation for the home or school is not through complicated automatic ventilat ing systems. The simpler and more efefctive way is by means of the open window, using suitable window boards, placed at a slant, and leaving the upper sash open about two or three inches at the top. A thermometer should be used to tell the proper tempera ture since most persons Judge the temperature more by comfort. And this is often found to be much higher than 65 degrees un til one becomes accustomed to the more healthful cooler tempera ture. , Any one interested in ventila tion should 'call at the county health unit office where window boards are Installed and informa- LAY SERMON A NEW PULPIT "And then If any man shall say te you. Lo, here is Christ; or, lo, ha Is there: believe him not." Mark XIII :21. There is a new pulpit in the land, not consecrated by bishop nor blessed by presbyters. Itx is the pulpit of the popular maga zines. Or rather it might be said of the less popular magazines. The magazines appealing to "mass circulation" beware of any subject bo controversial as relig ion. Fiction is their forte; or suc cess stories; or articles on sub- jects of timely interest. There are other magazines with a more re stricted circulation, which pre sent monthly material which pro vokes thought, and the range cov ers philosophy, psychology, econ omics, politics and religion. Es pecially religion. . We may think of this as an ir religious age. But the number of magazine articles dealing direct ly with religion prove that relig ion still interests people. Old questions of theology are seldom discussed, but . the magazine ar ticles of today penetrate directly to the very core of religion. Chal lenging questions are thrown out by contributors appealing . to all seekers, after truth and light. : The magazine is a new pulpit; and many are those who are fill ing It. Some are churchmen; oth ers are ex-churchmen; eome are non-churchmen. But . they ; are contributing their thought te the current literature oa religion and want the Willamette to become a contaminated stream dang erous to humans and to fish life. Now, is not too early to plan to counteract the stream pollution whiofc is reported for the stretch from Salem to Portland. i - - . 3 7 The Astora-Budget. one ot the trio ot democratic papers ot the old Sam Jackson affiliation, the others being: the Pendleton East Oregonlanand the Portland - Journal, "breaks Its neutrality and comes out for Ballsy. What a surprise! Like the Salem Capital Journal it wants to get nnder the wire for a demoexat in spite ot the defection of the party's chief organ in Portland. - . - - - O THE WOMAN HATER I V - ft-stw tv -si i; i-Kf il j-FT..- - 4 n n I vtk A "GIRL UNAFRAID" f&ffl CHAPTER S8 Ceclle's voice was low and it shook with anger. "Don't keep throwing that np to me making that the excuse to tyranize!" "Oh, no one's trying to tyran ize over you, Cecile." Ken's voice was weary. He crossed to her and put a hand gently on her should er. "Dear. I know you're all upset, but please try to be calm. I'm only thinking for you." "Calm!" Her face was con vulsed. "I'm trying to forget the damned thing! And if X can go to Coralie's houseparty and for get it for a while, I'm going!" "But Cecile,' he said patient ly, "it isn't that I don't want yon to have any pleasure. It isn't even that I don't like Cor alie. But yon know what it will mean if you go there. Drinking and dancing. Ton know the doctor said She flung off his hand. "Don't yon quote the doctor at me! I don't give a single pin for you or the doctor no, nor the damn baby! It had no right to come! I don't want It! It's unfair un fair!" Two beetle spots barned in her cheeks. Storms raged la her eyes. He fought to keep his own temper. "Well . . . let's forget It, dear. I don't want to get you excited. Anyway we don't have to decide now." "Oh, we don't! she mocked. "Well, we will. IH show yon I've decided. I'm going to run down to Coralie's today, and I'm going alone. And I'll come back when I please and not before!" She rang the bell for the maid and when the girl appeared she curtly ordered her to pack her grips. But in the living room Ken tlon may be secured for your own ( problems. most of this . contribution Is un settling to old; ideas and ancient doctrines. The preacher of today, has com petition. No longer is he the sole fount of religious information and Instruction; for the current magazine like Harper's, Forum; Atlantic Monthly in nearly each issue contain some articles deal ing with this old and ever-perplexing matter ot personal reli gion. The preacher who thinks that his hearers are accepting all that he tells them is mistaken. They may be listening attentively; but likewise they are reading at tentively from this other pulpit I have referred to. Some preachers may denounce such "competitive preaching In the language of the text quoted: "BeUeve him not." If they do that they may lose their battle just as the merchant Who thinks "he can disregard all competition. The preacher who will really lead hie flock will be one who 1s fully aware ot the "competitive pulpit' which reaches his owai 'congrega tion, and who meets and masters this competition with words and truths of greater power and deep er appeal. - - . - - The people are mystified when they hear so many contending voices each announcing "Lo, here la Christ." Powerful Indeed must be the preacher who can satisfy the longings and aspirations of his people for spiritual repose coupled with confidence. paced the floor scowling and uncertain. No use trying to stop her. They'd had too many of these scenes lately. Cecile would only fly into a tantrum1 get her self all worked np. The doctor said to keep her calm. Let her have her own way. Little by little the surround ings of the room crept In on his thoughts. Shaded lamps, price less vases, expensive hangings Oriental rugs glowing like jew els under foot, dark and rich. He looked at them sardonically. They gave an Illusion of comfort which vanished before him like water before the thirsty Tanta lus. Suddenly he was stifling' In their richness. He snatched up his hat. Went to the garage for his car. His own car . . . something of his own, bought with his money. The thought was com forting. His conscience pricked him. That was small, perhaps Just because Cecile had money he shouldn't begrude her the use of It. But hang It all, the way she did it the things she said, hurt a man's pride. He found himself remember ing this latest discord. Coralie Gaines was a rather notorious divorcee. Her Summer home had gained glittering fame for its hi larious parties and the high stakes of its bridge games. Well, Cecile could afford to lose a few hundred it she would be such a fool. Bnt the drinking The Statesman makes the following recommendations on the Ballot Propositions. Clip this out and use it if yon are la doubt how to vote. Numbers 300 and 801 Repeal of State Payment of Irrigation and Drainage Dist rict Interest. ' Vote 800, YES. Numbers 802 and SOS State Cabinet "Form of Gov ernment. Vote 808, NO. Numbers 804 and - 804 Bonus Loan Constitutional Amendment. Vote 805, NO. Nambers SOS and SOT and 308 and 309 Twin measures. Motor Vehicle License Tax Constitutional Amend- -ents. Vote 807, NO, and 309, NO. Nambers 810 and 811 Constitutional Amendment for filling Vacancies in the Legis lature. Vote 811, NO. Numbers 812 and 818 Amendment fixing Legislators' Pay at $500 per Two-Tear Term. Vote 818, YES. Nambers 814 and 818 Referendum on two Addition al Circuit Judges for Multno mah County. ! Vote 318, NO. Numbers SIS aad SIT State Income Tax. . Vote 810, YES. Nambers 818 aad 818 Anti - Cigarette Constitutional Amendment. Vote sie, NO. ! Numbers 830 aad sat Constitutional Amendment for Closing Rogue River te Com mercial Fishing. Vote 821, NO. Numbers 829 and 838 Creation ot office of Lieuten ant-Governor. Vote 822, YES. Numbers 824 aad 828 Grange Water and Power UtU-i tty Districts. Vote 823, NO, - Salens City Ballot Acquiring Rights on North Santiam. 1 Veto, YES. and the dancing ... Ken's brows drew together nervously. The doctor had warned her . . A child. How strange, that he and Cecile would have a child Cecile who frankly disliked all children. Rather a dreadful responsibil ity to bring a new and perhaps unwilling soul into the world. Underneath that cool self-pos session, did cecne reel some thing of this awestruck pity he knewT If she did, she hid it well. The discovery of her condition had promptly flung her into hys terics. She was frantic with alarm and dislike. Her temper. always uncertain, became more than usually capricious. She made it an excuse for aelf-in dulgence. While he was thinking this, Ken had been idly driving through the morning sUnlirht along streets oddly deserted for Sunday. Now he found, with a leap of his heart, that he had unconsciously been obeying old habit. Half a block away, was Ardeth's hotel. A smothered excitement stirr ed la his mind. The longing to see her again swept down upon him. If he could only roll past the last few months. To be again where he was before his moth er's illness. How many times he had driven down this street on a Sunday morning to find Ardeth waiting for him before the ho tel. Sitting here in the car with him, slender and lovely. Golden eyes meeting his own with such warm frankness. Dear bright hair the Joyousness of her. His heart leaped and for a momSnt he had the sensation of moving throngh-a dream. Ardeth that was Ardeth standing before the hotel ent rance. Slim white coat, white felt hat pulled down over her eyes Ardeth! He was reaching for the brake when she suddenly crossed the pavement. And then Ken saw, what he had been too excited to notice before. Tom Corbett's roadster drawn up to the curb. Tom, smiling into the girl's eyes as he opened the door ot the car. Ar deth got in and they drove away. Neither of them had seen Ken. a Ken took his bitter thoughts over to the duck shack. The silence of a Summer day brood ed over the salt marsh. His own footsteps alone woke a lonely echo as he walked down the plank te the little honseboat basking in the sunshine. He flung himself on the faded cushions piled on the rattan couch and lay there smoking and staring over the empty miles. Smell of warm mud and warm aw-grass. The soft lipping of the Incoming tide on the planks. Above all an empty grey-blue sky bending in aching loneliness. There was peace of a kind here. A grey-colored peace, tinged with resignation. No resignation in Ken's heart, though. He was burnt up with unbearable jealousy at the mem ory of Ardeth getting into Tom's car. Ardeth ... his girl . . . Ev erything oyer here spoke of her, taming the knife in the wound. On this couch, he had first kiss ed her . . . A . year ago- only a year ago and she had been here with him. the sun gleam ing on her hair; warm and sweet in Us arms. That golden Sunday only a year ago! And now he had not even the right to dream of her. (To be continued) - A bowl In the form of a hem isphere te six Inches la diameter. How many cable .Inches does it contain? Answer tomorrow.! Yes terdays answer: 25 per cent. 1 I TODAY'S 1 PROBLEM... : BITS f or By It J. HENDRICKS Ewing Young'e funeral: Continuing from yesterday s I sut: By an act of the legislature of thj terrlt-orUl jovetttiagot passed Jan. lo, 1 8 5 3. L. F. Grover, after wards governor of and United States senator from the state, was employed to write the "O re go n Ar chives," or the( public . papers ot Oregon, from the earli est attempt on the part of the R. J. Beadrleks people to form . .AMrnmMt. down to and inclu sive of the session of the-teglsla-ture held in 1840. Hejhad the assistance of J. Qulnn Thornton, Dr W. H. WlUson, David Leslie, J. L. PaTrlsh,C. P. Crandall and others. Of the meeting ot Feb. IT, 1847, after the funeral of Ew ing Young, he found: S "Rev. Jason Lee was chosen chairman and Rev. Gustavus Hines secretary. On motion re solved that an addition of one be made to the committee of ar rangement, chosen at a previous meeting. (The previous meeting was the one held at the Metho dist mission Feb. 7, of which Ja son Lee was chosen as chairman.) On motion, resolved that the chairman nominate this commit teeman. Geo. W. LeBreton was nominated and elected. . . . The meeting then resolved Itself into a committee ot the whole, for the purpose of choosing candidates for the several offices, and, after having nominated persons to fill the several offices, it was resolv ed that the doings of the commit tee of the whole be deposited la the hands of the chairman, to be presented to the meeting tomor row. On motion, the meeting then adjourned, to meet at 8 o'clock tomorrow." On the meeting of Feb.. ' 18, 1841, he found: "At a full meet ing ot the inhabitants ot the Willamette valley at the Amer ican (Methodist) mission house. David Leslie was elected chair man, and Sidney Smith and Gus tavus Hines were chosen secre taries. The doings of the previous meeting were presented to the assembly, and were accepted in part, to-wit: That a committee be chosen for framing a consti tution and drafting a rcode of laws." a "a Followed the choosing of Dr. I. L. Babcock as supreme Judge witn probate powers; Geo. W. LeBreton, clerk of the courts and public recorder; Wm. John son, high sheriff; Xavler Lad- troot. Pierre Belliaue and Wm McCarty, constables. It was re solved that, until a code be adopted. Dr. Babcock be instruct ed to act according to the laws of New York. a "a Thus was Inaugurated what was called (and what was) the first provisional government for the Oregon country; February is, isi ; two years, three months and 12 days before the second provisional government was authorized. May t, 1848. at cnampoeg, and two years and five and a half months before tne provisional government vot ed at Champoeg became operat ive, which was on July 5, 1848, wnen tne report of the legisla tive committee was adooted and the officers chosen Msy t, to gether with the members of the executive committee (standing ior tne governor) chosen at the July S meeting, where sworn in. V And the adjourned meeting of reo. is, at wmch the first pro visional government was auth orized and its officers were elect ed, was certainly at the old mis sion. It is reasonable to believe, also, from the record, that a meeting was held at the old mis sion on the 17th, adjourned from the meeting held after the bur ial of Ewing Young. RADIO SERVICE on all makes SETS -: ' . PARTS Radio Headquarters "Just Radio" Phone 1161 175 S. High St. 4 Savings f - The NATIONAL in Salem BREAKFAST Bancroft was the only author ity who said the Young funeral was held at the old mission. The Bits man does not believe It wss held there, and asks more light, on ih .ubjjt jit can bj fcJ. The burial of Young Taa on ms land claim, six Iriles from Vb-re Newberg now is. There were no roads. It-would have been neces sary to get the body to the river, some six miles, carried by men or pack animals. The rest of the way, about It miles up the Wil lamette by boat, would have been easy. There were no roads then, nor any wheeled vehicles. Bus there were many good, swift boats, and wonderful oarsmen; and there were plenty of horses. Ewing Young had helped in pro viding hem, from California, along with the Spanish cattle. If the funeral was held at the mis sion, the body had to be taken back , for burial, for the inter ment j was near the house where Young had lived. The grave waa recently marked by the Daught ers of. the American Revolution, a e : The Bits man thinks the f u nefal and- burial were both oa the Young , land claim, and that if there was a second meeting that day adjourned from the one at the grave side, it was of couree held at the mission late in the afternoon. "a , The first provisional govern ment gave partial satisfaction to both the American settlers and missionaries and the Canadian French and other settlers, too. All were pleased with the way; the Young estate was settled. The money was held la trust, and, no heir appearing, was used in building a jail at Oregon City, which after a few years wag burned. Then an heir of' Young appear ed, Joaquin, son ot Mexican mother at Taos, Kew Mexico. He sold Ills claim to Judge O. C. Pratt, who bad a long fight in getting j the claim paid. But he finally- received its amount, 85. 108.04, in November, 1863; 21 years after the property had been taken In charge by the first provisional government. It was accomplished through an act of the state legislature, of 1862, am thorizlng persons having claims against the territory or state to bring suit for recovery. Whlla the first provisional government depended for its laws upon loose or tne state or Jfew York, because that was the only; copy of a code in the territory,' and there was no printing press to print any other, even if en acted, the second provisional government also resorted to a similar device, by using the Iowa laws where they did n'ot cover any particular case; some one having in the meantime brought an Iowa code and that' state being. more nearly like Oregon than was New York. 1 Yesterdays 1 . . . Of Old Oregon Town Talks from The States man Oar Fathers Read Norember 2. IPOS Only 25 marriage - licenses were issued here the past month, this number being just half off the record for the year. The state library is making good progress in getting the traveling libraries in circulation About 120 boys attended a ral ly held in the Y. M. C. A. gym nasium, and organization wag perfected with the following offi cers: WiU Parks, president Robert Minton, vice president!' Ted Holmes, secretary; and Al fred Schramm, treasurer. Deposits Sfade during the first five days of the irionth earn interest from the first . . First BANK fX-A- t-.,,-i.,l f v