Daccnferr 23, 1S29
; . o Favor Sways U; No Fear Sha& Awe," -
From First Statesman, March 2S, 1161
- THE STATESMAN PUBLISHING CO.
. Chakles A. Spkagus, Shzxmh P. Sacioctt, PIiara
; ChjUOXS A. Sracue - Editor-Manager
Sheldon F. Sackxtt - Managixg-Edi tor '
, Member of the Associated Press . -
. The Associated Press is exclusively entitled to' the use for
publication of all news dispatches credited to it or not other
vise credited In this paper,- ' '-
Pacific Coast Advertising Representatives:
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Eastern Advertising Representatives:
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Entered at the Potto ff ice at Salem, Oregon, a Second-Clate
Matters Published every morning except Monday. Buxintt
office 215 g. Commercial Street? . ' -
SUBSCRIPTION RATES
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By City Carrier: 50 cents n month; $5.50 a year in ad
vance. Per Copy 2 cents. On trains, and News Stands 5 cents.
The Railroad Plan
' fflHE interstate commerce commission after years of study
. X has announced a plan for railroad consolidation which was
contemplated in the transportation act of 1920. This plan is
not compulsory and is not 'final. It represents the best
thought of the commission after some years of study. The
plan would create five great
New England, and nine m the
the two Canadian systems in
: One major battle was over the four or five system plan
for eastern trunk territory. L. F. Loree, president of the
Deleware and Hudson, led this fight for the fifth system to
compete with the New York Central, Pennsylvania, Baltimore
and Ohio and the Van Sweringen
Nickel Plate and Chesapeake
left, put of the fifth system and made an appendage to a New
England system, the Boston and Maine. The Wabash is made
the major trunk of the fifth system, to it is attached the Le
high Valley and the Norfolk and Western and then it is given
the Seaboard Air line which
tip of Florida. This seems an
clusion for the remainder of the contemplated Wabastrays
tem is distinctly an east and west trunk system, while the
beaboarp is a north and south line.
The great controversy in the west hinged about the con
solidation of the Great Northern and the Northern Pacific
with the merged roads continuing to hold the Burlington as
a bridge from the Twin Cities to Chicago. The merger of the
two roads is permitted but the
them and made the core of a new west-southwest system. It
is. very doubtful if the two northerns would merge on the
basis of. surrender of the Burlington. They have found it
invaluable in reaching traffic sources in Chicago, St. Louis,
Kansas city, umaha and Denver. .
The Western Pacific, whose control is in hands friendly
tc the two northern lines, is assigned along with the Denver
and Kio Grande Western to the Missouri Pacific, which owns
the D. & R. G. W. jointly with the Western Pacific now. This
assignment has been severely criticised because it is claimed
the roads should have gone to the Burlington which alone
is strong enough to offer genuine competition to the Union
an4 Southern Pacifies. Had the Western Pacific and the
Denver and Rio Grande Western or at least a half interest
in the latter gone to the Burlington, then as was intimated
some weeks ago by Arthur Curtiss James, dominant-figure
in this Hill grouping, the two northerns might have been
willing to give up the Burlington. For it would be in friendly
.hands and the northerns would join it at several points, in
cluding the western connection near Klamath Falls, if per
mitted.
The country is not so "hot" for consolidation as it was
some years ago. The railroads have gotten on their feet and
consolidation is no longer urged as a means of financial sal
vation. In fact as Commissioner Eastman pointed out, the
virtues of consolidation, have been too greatly magnified.
borne mergers have been disastrous, for instance the Mellen
merger of New England roads under the New Haven; the
Rock Island-Frisco combine under the Moores; the Gould sys
tem, a loosely knit grouping from Baltimore to San Francis
causing the Wabash, Missouri Pacific, D. & R. G. W., West
ern Pacific and several other roads to make a transcontinen
tal system. These consolidations failed, most of the .roads
went into receiverships, and rail development was impeded
for years. . ""V
The plan as announced will have little effect in speeding
up consolidations. Railroad executives will devote a great
deal of study to the plan before they start trying to put it
into effect. Undoubtedly there will be strenuous resistance
to many of the combinations proposed.
; ; Industrializing the Farm
0L. Hanford MacNiderf former commander of the Amer-
J ican Legion and former assistant secretary of war, has
' turned farmer. MacNider has succeeded to the positions his
father once held as president of-the largest bank at Mason
City and president of a big cement factory there. Along with
these jactivities MacNider is launching a unique farm enter
prise, that is, unique for the type of agriculture which Iowa
has always featured- the small, diversified farm.
Under the name of the Indian Head Farms comDanv.
, MacNider will operate twenty
res wcatea arouira xuason vaty ana an situated along paved
or graveled roads. The entire farming operation will be in
dustrializedHired labor will
1 M r in ii .
uue. oo wm me power xnacnuiery ue raoDiie, tnat is, oe mov
ed from farm to farm for service.
The'farm program will be
, Scientific use of fertilizers, rotation of crops and of the land
will be adhered to. All the grain is to be marketed "on the
hoof." It is no philanthropic enterprise, because the Mac
Nider interests own or control
experiment succeeds it will be
age; And MacNider says he
return, saying "We should be
than that
, ' - Here are some of the features of the plan:
."Married men will be hired
these farms will be stocked with livestock. Four horses and tire or
six cows will be on the average farm. The employe on the farm will
milk the cows and nse what mUk Is needed for his own family. The re
mainder will be collected by tracks belonging to the company 'and
will be sold br.lt. ;;'iMi;:.;,i.,"---vr
. ' "A tractir crew with expert
owned by the company will do as
a. - .
essary 10 supplement me none power on eaca lann. a. iouu 01 awv
acres were plowed this last tall at
unbelievably low cost.
"A hammer and saw crew will
Jag and repairing ot farm buildings and fences. In the personnel will
be an expert -blacksmith and horseshoer. Members of this group will
- also be available for emergency duty at haying and harvest time and
men employed regularly on the farms may be shifted as occarlon de
mands to help on one or the other turns." - -, t .,
Corporation farminsr is comincr. That doesn't ineaii that
all farms will co into corporate ownership, nor that all cor
porations owning . farms win
forcing lower production costs
require lower labor costs which may be secured not by. cut-
.nog una wai"-3, bui y jujepujj ub uujr vmpwycu u
time of those working on farms. A corporatipn can "increase
the load" of the farm worker just as it has done to the in
dustrial worker. ,
systems in the west, two in
west, besides the branches of
the Umted States.
group composed of the Erie,
and Ohio. But Ixwee's road, is
reaches from Richmond to .the
unnatural and impracticable in
Burlington is divorced from
farms covering some 4000 ac-
be employed, which will be mo-
' i it ji i .
laid out for a term of years.
some 8000 acres, and if this
extended to the - whole acre
will not be satisfied with a 6
able to show a bigger return
to. live on each of the farms and
operators for the three tractors now
mnch of the heavr work as is nec-
. M at a at a
what Howard OXeary terms ai
attend to all the ballding, paint
prosper. But competition is
for firm products. That will
ma a
"Chain farms" with the resident on the farm sharing
the profits, perhaps owning stock in the corporation may re
sult in bigger farming profits and in better living conditions
for the families on the farm. It would be a radical overturn
of the old idea of small, independent farms, bat no more rad
ical than chain ownership of retail stores, banks and utilities.
BITS for BREAKFAST
w iawti ytwy rw a
By R. J. HENDRICKS
Karly Oregon laws:
W
Reference was made la this col
umn yesterday ot the marriage
law nnder the constitution of the
prorisional government. It pro
vided that a man If yean old or
a woman of 14 might marry but
it prorided also that If either of
the contracting parties was under
11 the consent of parents 'or
guardian mast be had.
W
The first legislature session. In
1844, changed this, making males
of IS and females of 12 eligible
for marriage, but requiring the
consent ot the parents till the man
was 21 and the woman IS. The
person marrying a minor without
the consent of parent er guard
laa was made liable to a fine of
2100, to 'be paid to: parents or
guardian; but the marriage was
not inTalidated for want of their
consent.
v W
Peter H. Burnett, a member of
the legislative committee of nine
(as the first legislature was call
ed), said the new law was enact
ed "only to obviate the evils sure
to grow out of the former one.
Early .marriages are the rule of
all new communities . for obvious
reasons. - - la Oregon, especially,
where women were few. a girl was
sure to-heve suitors before the
had fairly reached maturity.. But
making children of 12 and is
years of age competent to marry
led to abuses in colonial (provi
sional government) and territor
ial times resulting too often In
divorce, and sometimes In death
e m
The members of the first exec
utiva committee (standing in the
place of a governor) were Alan
on Beers, David Hill and Joseph
Gale. The second one, chosen . at
the election the second Tuesday of
May, 1844, were W. J. BaUey, Os
borne Russell and P. G. Stewart.
Jhey made up the executive
branch of the government. The
member ot the legislative commit
tee were: P. H. Burnett, M. M.
McCaxver, David Hill and Mat
thew Gilmore from the Tualatin
district; A. I. Love Joy from the
Clackamas district; Daniel Waldo,
T..D, Kaiser. and Robert Newell
from the Champoeg (Marlon) dis
trict. Yamhill district was not rep
resented. So the Oregon : provi
sional government legislature of
1844 had eight while It was en
titled to nine members.
V
The . legislature met at The
Falls (Oregon City) June 18,in
the residence of Felix Hathaway,
McCarver was chosen speaker ani
Burnett acted as secretary in th
absence of Dr. J. E. Lonr. who had
been appointed to succeed George
W. LeBreton, the first secretary,
who was wonnded by Cockstock
the Indian at The Falls March 4.
1244, and died from the wound.
And Dr. Long who had been elect
ed: by the people In May, was
drowned in the Clackamas river
June 21. Frederick Prigg, who
was appointed secretary to suc
ceed Dr. Long, was also drowned
in the Clackamas river, and Sam-
net Holderness was appointed to
sueeeed Pxlggv He served to the
end. of the provisional rovern-
ment, March 2, 1842. - -
The . "governor's message of
1144 to the legislature ot eirM
saembera, (the legislative -eoBuaUV
tee) was an interesting' docu
ment. It was signed by the exec
utive committee, Stewart, Russell
and Bailey. One of these days.
when copy la ahert (It the time
ever jeomes xt will be nubushed.
pi this column.
' Peter H. . Burnett, serving in
that early day legislature, who had
THE SOWER
rwiw jtii im. at utot. tm
been a prosecuting attorney in
Iewa and was aa able lawyer,-and
who had eome with tne Jtpplegste
train the year before; was at a
loss to know what was the consti
tution of Oregon of that" time
that it where the fundamental
laws left off and the statutory
laws began. So the legislative
committe decided, under his ad
vice, te treat all the laws of the
provisional government as statu
tory, in order that they might be
amended if needing amendment.
A, constitutional or fundamental
law cannot be amended excepting
by vote of the people, because It
is supposed to be a law of the peo
ple in the first place. This Question
settled, the legislative committee
(legislature) of the provisional
government ef Oregon got aloaf
an right, without any constitu
tion at all. -
The first thing this pioneer Ore
gon legislature did was to do
away with the "trlumvlratef the
executive committee ot three
members, and provide for the
cnoosmg oi a single governor in
stead at the next election. The
governor was to have a salary ot
9300 a year. But George Aberne-
thy, the first and last and only
provisional government governor,
never drew any salary. The name
of the legislative committee was
changed to the house 'of represen
tatires, with 12 members instead
of nine.
The primitive legislature went
ahead making laws providing for
circuit Judges and Justices of the
peace, clerks, sheriffs, recorders.
etc The first organizers of the
provisional government were
against taxes, so they made no
laws lor any. But this 1844 legis
lature provided for taxation, and
made a law to the effect that any
person who refused to pay taxes
bad no protection from the laws.
A. Mr Hough
CLOUGH
COMPANY
Funeral
Lady
205 S. ChurcK
Telephone -1 20.
i
n i i
nor could he vote. Thus outlawed
if they refused to pay taxes, few
refused, nor any for long.
The first tax law provided a tax
of an eighth of one per cent upon
the fair valuation of any merchan
dlse brought into the country for
sale; on all improvements on town
lots, on mills, pleasure carriages,
clocks, watches, borses, mules, cat
tle and hogs; and every white
voter must pay a toll tax of 60
cents. The sheriff was made col
lector, of the revenue,, for which
he received 12 per cent for all
moneys received. (Note there was
no tax on land.)
t
The land law was amended by
the 1844 legislature. Free men
over 18 years old who would be
entitled to vote if of age, and wi
dows, could legally claim 240
acres. But a boy under 18, if mar
tied, could hold land, and all
claimants might earn town lots in
addition to their acres. Or one
might hold COO acres on. the prair
ie and 40 acres of timber land
not contiguous.
m W
The seat of government was es
tablished by law at Willamette
FaUs (Oregon City. I The annual
meeting of 'the legislature was fix
ed tor the fourth Tuesday in
June. A new district (county)
called Clatsop was established, oa
petition of J. u. Parrtsh.
(Another , chaster will be nec
essary to give a -summary of what
was done by this early day (1844)
Oregon legislature.)
Old Oregon's
Yesterdays
Town Talks from The States
man Our Fathers Read
Dec feft, 1904
A prominent Salem man has
issued a statement saying that if
the law concerning" entries is to
be construed to the letter, many
young men will be deprived of the
right to take up a piece of govern
ment land and that he does not be-
Ueve the law should be so strictly
construed.
Portland The aged and white
haired senator from Oregon,
John H. Mitchell, today went into
J. Dale Taylor
-TAYLOR
Biiectors
Assisant
eV.
1
NEl'J FORDS .
' AUUUCED
Numerous Improvements
Described for Line to Be .
Shown Tuesday
DETROIT, Dec. 28 New Ford
bodies, with added beauty ot lino,
roomier interiors and a variety of
new colors and color combina
tions, will be Introduced through
out the United States by the.Ford
Motor company next Tuesday
morning. (December 21J EdSel
B. Ford, president of the Ford
eomnaar.- announced today.
This is the first statement ny
the Ford company of the specific
reason for the recent temporary
shut-downs of branch plants for
the purpose of making changes in
machinery and plant equipment.
Introduction of the new bodies
comes on the heels of two recent
significant announcements by the
Ford company a general reduc
tion In prices of all types In the
Model A line, and a wage in
crease throughout the Ford plants
in the United States, which steps
up the minimum wage from six
to seven dollars per day.
"Since the M"odel A was first
introduced, it has constantly been
made a better car." said Mr. Ford.
in announcing the new line of
bodies. "As soon as improve
ments have been developed and
tested, they have been built into
cars in production and immedi
ately passed on to the public.
That process goes steadily on In
the Ford plants. This policy of
constant improvement is now giv
en still further expression in the
new bodies to be presented - by
dealers throughout the United
States, beginning next Tuesday
morning."
It is stated that the new bo
dies are to have a, number of
conspicuous features, not the
least of which will be gracefully
sweeping lines and proportions
usually associated only with cus
tom coachwork, rather than mass
production. Polished rustless
steel will make its appearance in
lamps, radiator, shell, hub caps
and cowl finish strip. Colors
that have not been seen before
in the Ford line will accentuate
these new developments of the
body builder's art. Fenders more
generous in proportion, and with
an added sweep will make their
contribution to the trimness and
smartness ot the car, and a lower
and fleeter appearance will be
Immediately apparent.
Complete details of the changes
made in Model A bodies were not
given by the Ford Company to
day. It was stated .however,
that no change will be made in
the prices of the various types.
the government's inquisitorial
chambers to tell what he knew of
the frauds which the government
believes to have been perpetrated
upon it in the acquisition of pub
lic lands. When the senator left
the court room he was apparently
nervous, bnt the investigation is
ended so far as he Is concerned.
PARENTS Make it your business to see that your boy enters some
article of his handiwork or eofleotton. Any boy can enter without
cost and every boy should enter.
EJ5fS
OFFICIAL SEAL DESIGNED BT BRUCK OOOLRT, SAUQl "
OPEN TO ALL SALEM BOYS
by Kiwanis, Rotary. Lions club. Fablie KehaaL t. m. n a
, . - and Bey Seoeia, for all
, ?: Entries Received UnW
AN Kg Hi KIT OF THINGS AND HOBBIES HADE AND
COLLECTED BT SALEM. BOYS .
11 THREE DAYS EXHIBITION
v MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY
DECEMBER 30, 31-JANUARY 1st
1 SALEM Y. M. C. A. -
rMhfflosi irledes anything
HOOD C3AIT
NATURAL lOSTOBT
COINS. STAJ&TS
lSSCBTl.ftSOUS
CCLIXCIIC3 -centos,
KXLXCS
HANDCSATr -
ESPECIALLT THE PARCH
MENTS' 'Tk cloak that X left at Troas with
Oim brUg wfcea tto ot,
'tlit books, oipoelaily the psrehments."
II Timothy 4:18. '
Paul U writing; to Timothy
from Rome. He has nearly reach
ed the end ot his life Journey:
"The time of my departure is
come. I have fought a good
fight." Luke alone was with him.
He writes in expection that Tim
othy, his beloved follower, wiU
soon join him, and asks' him to
bring along Mark with whom he
evidently had become reconcUed,
for he writes: "He is useful to me
for ministering."
But this Jittle Terse from Paul s
letter gives a sideUght on the
man. When he left Troas (the
country of ancient Troy in Asia
Minor) he left some things be
hind with Carpus. Perhaps he for
got them. Perhaps he could , not
carry them with him. Perhaps he
though they might be useful to
carnua for the time. At any rate
Paul left them and now in Rome
. iLiL.i Aa9 tYiAm
llilUaS V i. uveus
and does -the very natural thing,
he asks Timothy to bring them
with him when he comes to Kome.
Of his cloak we know nothing;
Its cut. Its fabric, its tailoring -nothing
is known of it. Nor do
we know more of the books, what
thev were, who wrote them. Of
the parchments we know only one
thing: he prized them higniy. via.
he not mention "esDeciallv the
parchments." His cloak he might
not reauire. nerhaos his boo as
could be duplicated in Rome
but the parenments. an, tne
parchments, do not, friend Tim
othy, forget to bring them when
thou comest hither.
Paul's parchments; would that
they might have been preserved.!
For we can fancy those parch-1
ments must have had material ot
vast importance to Panl and to
the Christian church. Perchance
those parchments were originals
of some of the writings of the
disciples, perhaps they were narr
ratives of the first years of the
church, perhaps they were some
of those brief biographies of
Christ, or copies of the sayings
of Christ which Mark and the
other gospel writers drew on for
the material ot their gospels. We
may only conjecture what those
precious parchments contained;
conjecture, and regret their de
struction. For they have perished,
perished with Paul's cloak and
with his books. Perhaps Timothy
did not fetch them, perhaps Car
pus had thrown them In the tire.
At any rate they perished, and
only the allusion to them in the
immortal epistle to Timothy
proves that they ever existed.
The original narchments. If
only they were available! For the
earliest texts we now have are
bnt copies of copies. Of the gosp
els there are many hundred early
manuscripts in . existence . and no
two of them are absolutely alike.
Nearly all of them were copied
some time in the period from the
fourth to the tenth centuries. The
nrlrfnftla in fill itAatrnvaA 1IV
the parchments which Panl long
ed for. The story of the manu
scripts is a story in itself. There
was TIschendorf, a German
scholar, who sought through the
eld monasteries of Asia to dis
cover gome old, old text. At last.
boys who live la Salesa
Neoa, December SOtfc
a bey
or eellects, tacladhig:
AST TTO2X OF ALL KINDS
MECHANICAL, RADIO.
' njJBCTRICAli AFPARATTJS
C ASTRA CRAFT '
coosrxQ i '
AKROIXANES X
LEAXnrSCRAFT
xbIUttt
V ft.
In an ancient monastery near SU
nai, he found some sheets of
mouldering parchment in a bas
ket ready to throw on the fire
They were a portion of the New
Testament la Greek uncials (cap.
ital letters). The monks forbade
him to search further and not un
til many years later, under the
authority ot the Czar himself did
he gain readmlsslon to the mon
astery and privilege to resume
the search. At last after days of
fruitless hunting, as he was about
to depart, a Greek priest took
him to his own cell and showed
him an old Bible he had been
studying. It proved to be the re
mainder of a complete New Test
ament, now knows as the Codex
Sinalticus.
"Especially the parchments."
Paul was a student; he had stud
ied under Gamaliel in Jerusalem;
his addresses show familiarity
with Roman law and Greek phil
osophy. These parchments may
have been studies from the pagan
writers, but that is hardly prob
able so completely was Paul ab
sorbed in the Christian tradition.
Most surely they were parch
ments of the sayings of Jesus;
that is why Paul cherished them.
Like a true scholar he was satis
fied onlr with the oririnaia m.
ing the originals, the church has
floundered in darkness and bit
terness and dissension.
Order the Oregon . Statesman
for one year and secure one of the
North American Travel Accident
Insurance policies for. $1.00.
rrrr
EYE TACTS
It is a fact that many
p e r s o n 8 continue to
wear old' lenses long
after they should be
changed.. And. that
many a person is right
now suf Ferine the pen
alty for neglected eye
strain that a thorough
examination of the
eyes would reveal.
Every investigation
of this subject that has
been made has indicat
ed that a large percent
age of those who would
be wonderfully more
comfortable and better
off in every way if
their ocular defects
were corrected, do hot
even, suspect .that the
lack" of proper classes
is the reason for their
discomfort.
The conscientious
reputable Optometrist
advises people daily
that they do not need
glasses. This advice of
course is given after the
eyes have been exam
ined, meaning that
there are a great num
ber of people who con
sult Optometrists to
find out that their eyes
are all right Statistics,
however, prove that
there are a great host of
Americans who are
neglecting-their eyes.
Out of this vast
number we find that at
one time their eye trou
bles could have been
corrected very easily.
But," havinsr deferred
having their eyes ex
amined, they; are in
uch shape that the cor
rection of their defect
is much more 'difficult
and tedious than would
ave been had the case
sought proper advice at
an earlier date, so the
old adage holds true
abput ihe ounce of pre-
venuon Demg worth a
pound of cure.' C
(Rights Reserved) ,
Cut Out Sig SUn Today
Enclose stamped and .ddreesed
Envelop
The Ere file cuM
reaa of Salem, care of The Ore-
tese send me, triUwut cost
obligation on tny part, copy
Sight Coaacrvatloa,
Kasae
ty . . . . . ; . . ; . -
Address"
. v i ,-