Fourth of July Auto Races 1:309 Dance 5:30 to 12 and Fireworks at 9 This Afternoon and Evening; at the State Fair Grounds
ti
Voices of Italy. Also Scene from Kansas City Republican Coiiventwn. in Movietone News Rest of This Week at The CnnitalThpntrt
Weather Forecast: Unsettled with show
ers; mild .temperature; moderate south
west winds.. Maximum temperatare yester
day f 4, minimum At, river 1.2, rainfall .01,
.atmosphere cloudy, wind southwest.
."Loose shoulders dangerous. , says
highway ' department sign alone the . Me
Kensie highway. This Is understood to re
fer to certain characteristics- of the. mod
ern dance. We suggest that the signs be.
taken up and placed at the doors of cer
tain temples of jass that we know about.
SE V ENTY-EIGHTH YEAR
SALEM, OREGON, WEDNESDAY MORNING, JULY 4, 1928
PRICE FIVE CENTS
.-.'
1
1
FORESEE D OOM
OF FIREWORKS;
RIGHTS ABUSED
Salem Becomes World's
Noise Center, Hours Be
fore Fourth Arrives
POLICE CANT CONTROL
Quiet Prevails While Officer in
Sight, But Bedlam Breaks
Out Again the Moment He
.i Moves Elsewhere
Prediction that1 fireworks will
be banned altogether In Salem be
fore another Independence day
rolls around, was made last night
when the annual bombardment
broke out In all its fury several
hours ahead of schedule, and a
harassed police department found
itself helpless to control the situ
ation. A year ago, the noisy part of
the Fourth of July celebration
started three days ahead of time.
This year, due to the proclama
tion by Mayor T. A. Livesley that
the shooting of fireworks would
be permitted only on Independence
day, there was little disturbance
until Tuesday, but that afternoon
It became so widespread that
Salem gave promise of becoming
the world's noise center.
Not Enough Officers
The police were unable to con
trol the situation because there
weren't enough of them. Two or
three regiments of marines would
have been necessary to round up
all the busy nolsemakers in Salem
last night.
Wherever an officer happened
to be in sight, there was a quiet
spot; but as soon as he moved
away, the bang of firecrackers
' and bombs began again. The prow
ler cars were kept busy all eve
ning responding to calls from one
neighborhood after another, where
annoyed householders complained
that a reign of noisy terror was
in progress.
Some of the celebrants proved
to be past masters in the art of
disturbing the peace, aided by all
the latest inventions for the pur
pose. Some of them along State
kfleet were so accurate in timing
their firecracker shots that they
could light one and hurl It across
. the street so that it woild explode
Just at the moment thax it struck
an oncoming automobile; some
,'CoDtmntd on pat S.)
TROLL EISHING
UNDER ATTACK
PRACTICE WASTEFUL, SPORTS
MEN AVER
Difficulty Seen in Preventing,
Done Beyond Three Mile
. Limit
Possibility of finding a legal
.method of preventing sea trolling who went to tne a8sl8tance of the
for salmon, a practice now under, submarine say that there was no
fire from all sportsmen's organ-' pllot aDiard and that the chart
, lzatlons In Oregon as well as in!llted Dy the navigator was not up-
, California, was discussed at Tues-jto-date.
day evening's meeting of the Sa-( . -" '. ; ,.
f. rem Kod and uun. club, but me
I ,; legal difficulties appeared for-j
V ' mldable that no action' was taken. 1
jf mac a oi las uduiiii 19 rarrau
J pn outside thn three mile : limit.
:where the state has no jurisdic-
A tion. so that the only means of at-
tacking the practice, apparently.
,4ts to prevent the sale of troll-
caught fish. Even this, it was be- termlned,, uncompromising, infln
lieved. would hamper the fisher-, ential and powerful enemy of pro-
M-tjnen little unless the other Pacific,
,fj coast states wouia taxe similar
; ateps.
The'obiections to troll fishing
Jare principally three: . jlsm. In a statement today declared
Troilers are not subject to tax- it Is now time for every-defender
atlon as are the other salmon fish- of the constitution to wake: up.
ermen. All doubt of what Governor Smith
Salmon caught by trolling are, will do has been dispelled, Cher-
not mature; they are caught as a'rington added, "rfnd the guage of
rule before attaining full growth. battle has-been thrown in what
A large percentage of waste re- promises to be the greatest 'wet
suits -from hooks tearing away and dry' battle that the nation
...t nf tk. Mali- tl kAV
comes in with part of the salmon's:
head, but not the marketable fish;!
many soarredlsh are caught
elsewhere as evidence of this
-wastage. .
' f jThe attack oa this ! method of Thrills Rich- Relatives j r
' Iflshing Is being aided by. commey .'. V 1 r
' cUl flshermeirwho use other meth-li LIVINGSTON,-Mout.July-3
i lcAl aa well as by the sportsmen's (AP--Tartley Dodge. Jr.,1 of New
. : organisations. Ji, . ' .. i York . Cityt; nephew '. of.." John I D.
, ; , The rot and gun club approved Rockefeller. , thrilled 'abe epectat-
-an expenditure for securing signa-"ers
i t tures to tne initiative petitions
which seek to close four Oregon
Streams ; to further hydro-electric'
r " " aeveiooment.
Tin elnh will hold its next ban-'
fv qnet on the evening' of July 10 at
1 iniVa i1nh. It was iniinniiMd. '
OREGON'S PRISON
RECORDS BROKEN
STATE PENITENTIARY NOW
HOLDS 713, REPORT
Coanty Jails Also Crowded Be
yond Capacity; No Relief
In Sight
There are more criminal pri
soners in Oregon at the present
time than ever before in the his
tory of the state, a surrey of the
situation showed late yesterday.
At the state penitentiary here
there were 713 convicts taken care
of last night, which is the largest
number ever confined in that In
stitution at one time. The grand
total reached that figure with the
arrival of eight convicts yester
day, only two being released. j
"Reports from , all over the
state indicate that county Jails
are crowded to capacity," Super
intendent Henry Meyers stated
last night. "For instance there
are 40 in jail at Pendleton."
There are 29 persons, Includ
ing two women, confined in the
Marion county jail here in Salem
Monday night. It was stated yes
terday by Sheriff Oscar Bower.
Although this is not a record it is
about twice the normal popula
tion of the jail and crowds quar
ters to capacity.
Of the prisoners committed to
the state prison yesterday four
came from Multnomah county,
two from Lane and two from
Umatilla.
"We should have not over 650
prisoners in the penitentiary here
at any one time," Meyers stated
last night, indicating that more
than that number cannot be cared
for efficiently. At the present
time there are six dormitories in
use, 40 men being housed in each
dormitory, he stated.
The overcrowded condition of
the penitentiary Is believed to be
at least partly the reason for two
escapes that took place from
there within recent weeks. Both
convicts who got away did so by
merely walking to freedom,, the
limited number of, guards making
It necessary for them to be allow
ed to work In the fields as trus
ties. No relief seems to be in sight,
according to reports reaching the
penitentiary. The number of
men being committed Is steadily
greater than the number being
discharged.
The Marlon county jail was yes
terday lightened to the extent of
one prisoner. Dan Edwards of
Sllverton, having finished his six
months' sentence for possession
of liquor, was set at liberty.
U. S. SUB RUNS AGROUND
Lack of Up to Date Charts Be
lieved One Reason For Mishap
JONESPORT, Me., July 3.
( AP) . The submarine S-6
grounded at 12:40 p. m. today on
Moceebeck ledge, of Hsrdwood is
land, two and one-half "miles
from where she was to have an
chored in Jonesport harbor to
take part in the Fourth of July
celebration tomorrow.
The submarine apparently was
not damaged arid an attempt to
float it off the ledge will be made
at high tide, which will be at mid
night tonight.
Although no official statement
haa v--- riven out. local boatmen
a a in i-i piiitu
UKTS AGAIN FLAY SMI I M
, ' - "' . ,
yritu t vM.n.IvH
By Prohibitionists
WASHINGTON, July 3 (AP)
Terming Glvernpr Smith, by
all odds the most Insistent, de-
hibition that ever appeared In
American puoue me, truest' n.
Cherrlngton,. secretary of the
World League Against Aleohol-
V . .-m , 'f
.. , " ;
n pinPC Ull Fl TPPR
LAU nUtd WILU .,,.31. ten
'
Nephew of Jobn Us. Rockefeller
at Livingiton's" rodeo; today
wnen ne roae a wna steer , to
"finish." He is 19 years old and
a studen tat' Princeton university.
nu uuer vao 11 una 01 ia nciu
fnrt6b Arms comoanr. and mother
are also In the party visiting from
Kw Tnrs- Cltv.
ITALIANS BEGIN
-STOP TRIP
OVER ATLANTIC
Airplane Winging Way West
Toward City of Pernam
buco in Brazil
START MADE LAST NIGHT
Two Flyers Expect to be Past Gib
raltar This Morning on Flight
From Rome; Arrival Plan
ned Thursday
ROME. July 3. (AP) A new
attempt to span the south Atlan
tic in a single flight from main
land started today when the Ital
ian aviators. Captain Arturo Fer
rari n and Major Carlo P. Delprete
hopped off from Montecelio flying
field at 7:15 p. m. with the hope
of reaching Pernambuco, Brazil,
without descent.
Already holders of the world's
duration flight record, they expec
ted to break the long distance rec
ord set by Chamberlin and Levlne
last year. The distance from Mon
teeclio field to Pernambuco is ap
proximately 7.500 kilometers, or
about 4.C35 miles.
Head Out Over Sea
The aviators calculated that
their plane should be slightly be
yond Gibraltar by dawn Wednesn
day and would reach the vicinity
of the Cape Verde islands by twi
light of the same day. Thus the
central portion of the Atlantic
crossing should be accomplished
at night. They expect to reach
their destination soon after dawn
Thursday.
The plane in which the two avi
ators nope to reach South Amer
ica Is the same in which they es
tablished the world endurance rec
ord. It Is equipped with a E50
(Continued oa pf S.)
RECKLESSNESS CHARGED
Fast Driving Prevails On Eve of
Fourth Despite Rain
Imminence of the Fourth of Ju
ly seemed to encourage a spirit of
recklessness even aside from the
use of fireworks. There were two
arrests for speeding and one for
reckless driving Tuesday evening,
in spite of the fact that drizzling
rain and wet pavement made fast
driving double perilous.
K. W. Hutch ins. 2180 Hazel
avenue, was charged with driv
ing 35 miles an hour on Front
street. George B. Harris of
Brooks was the other driver book
ed on a speeding charge. Walter
Hovereon of route 7 was charged
with reckless driving.
IK,.. Tv-v
tff Zt - r-i
Several of the
the start of the
passing the starter's flag at 65
VT
' ' - rif ,i
U.S.B0ARD SELLS
FEDERAL SHIPS
COOLIDGK POLICIES TO
, CARRIED OTJT SOON
BE
Line to be Turned Over to Pit
Tate Interest at Great-Loss
of Money
WASHINGTON, July 3 (AP)
Following the administration of
endingthegovernment's ship op
erating business, ' the shipping
board today decided to offer for
sale three Atlantic lines, includ
ing the last exclusive passenger
service, the United States lines,
and the American merchant lines
and the American Palmetto line
The merchant fleet corporation
was ordered to prepare specifica
tions and advertisements for bids
for the sale of the lines totaling
23 vessels which would cost ap
proximately S85.000.u00 to re
build. It is expected that the
lines will bring less than S 2 5,0 00.
000 under the eight alternate
plans for sale.
The United States' Lines oper
ate in the north Atlantic-United
Kingdom trade, while the Amerl
can Merchants line, a combination
passenger cargo service, supple
ments the former In the . same
trade and Includes continental
Europe. The American Palmetto
line operates in the south Atlan
tic and continental European car
go trade.
The six passenger ships of the
United States lines and the five
combination vessels of the Ameri
can lines, along with the former
German liners Monticello and
Mount Vernon, are offered for
sale under practically every meth
od of ship sales except chartering.
When the United States lines were
put up for sale in 192 C, the only
offer was for chartering and this
was rejected. .
T. V. O'Connor, chairman of the
board, expressing hope that satis
factory bids would be received de
clared that, if the bids were un
satisfactory, the operation of the
lines would continue as at pres
ent.
If these three lines are soldf
the shipping board will hate re
duced its line to 21 cargo services
of 230 vessels, and will have with
drawn entirely from the passen
ger service.
SOUTH SWELTERS IN SUN
Temperatures Ranging to 100 and
Over Reported j
KANSAS CITY, July 3. (AP)
The southwest sweltered under
a scorching sun today that sent
temperatures upward to the high-afternoon from her husbapd on a'(AP). Assdrance of Sohth Caro
est marks of the summer. The charge of extreme cruelty and' Una's adherence to the democratic
highest temperature reported was shortly after the decree was grant- candidates for the presidency and
at Mangum, Okja., where the ther- ed the couple applied for a mar-vice presidency and her accept-
mometer registered 102 degrees,
Iq Salina, Kas.. the official read-1
ing was 100 degrees; Tulsa,
Okla., 97: Oklahoma City and
Wichita, Kas., 96; Topeka, Kas.,'
95.
The temperature here was 94
degrees at 4 o'clock this afternoon.'
Starting twenty-five
1 "VUV-Vv
auto racing stars who will compete at the state fairgrounds this afternoon are in this picture which shows
25 mile race at Bagley track, Vancouver, on June 24. The cars, having already circled the track, are
miles an hour.
FRUIT RECEIVED
EVEN ON FOURTH
HUNT CANNERY OPEN TODAY
UP TO 5 O'CLOCK
Cherry Season Ending; Logans
Will Last Until Evergreens
Start
There will be something of a
holiday in berry and cherry can
ning and packing today. But not
a complete cessation of activities.
This Hunt cannery will receive
fruit today, up to 5 o'clock. None
will be received after that hour.
The Oregon Packing company
received fruit up to midnight last
night, but will receive none to
day.
At none of the other Salem can
neries, so far as the reporter
could learn last evening, will any
fruit be received today. But they
will all be open for business as us
ual tomorrow.
Manager Gibson of the Produc
ers Cooperative cannery said last
evening that they have been very
busy, but no fruit will be received
today. They are nearly done with
their Royal Ann pack. Mr. Gibson
said their growers have had very
little loss from cracking with
their Royal Anns. They expect lo
ganberries to hold out the balance
of July, or into early August,
when evergreen blackberries will
begin to come. If not before the
loganberry season is over, the ev
ergreen season will begin very
soon thereafter.
The Hunt cannery has been put
ting some Royal Ann cherries into
barrels, for shipment to the mara
schino trade, besides canning vast
quantities of them. Their receipts
of loganberries, cherries of all va
rieties, and red and black raspber
ries are running very high. They
are packing some Montmorency
and other sour (pie) varieties of
cherries.
VANDERBUILT, JR., WEDS
Divorced Broker's Wife Bride of
JfUdi Man's Boa
RENO, Nev., July 3 (AP) !
Cornelius Vanderbilt, Jr., and Mrs.
Mary Weir Logan, divorced wife
of Waldo Hancock Logan. Chicago
and Los Angeles brokerage agent,
were married here this afternoon
by Rev. William Moll Case, pastor
of the Federated church.
The ceremony was witnessed by
ex-Governor James G. Scrugham,
(a-personal-friend of Vanderbllts,1
G. Gordon Battle, prominent New!
Yorker and two others.
Mrs. Logan was divorced this
riage license.
Mr. and Mrs. Vanderbilt will
spend a short honeymoon at Tahoe
tavern, Lake Tahoe and will then;
go east to New York. After a
summer in the east they will re-
turn to Reno where they expect to'
make their home.
mile grind on track
mm i n w..r- ,m"Mi""'f wt r i rssj .
.1 -'ySi
'4!?
MILE TAKEN
SERIOUSLY ILL
AT BASE SHIP
Physicians Insist on Quiet as
Arctic Explorer Becomes
Feverish
RESCUE WORK GOING ON
Activities Continue as Hope Wanes
For Safety of Lost Men in
North; Some Definitely
Given Up
(Copyright 1D28 by the A. P.)
KINGS BAY. Spitzbergen, July
S. (AP) General TJmberto No-
bile, recently rescued by a Swed-
tah. aviator and brought back to
the base ship, Citta di Milano, is
seriously 111. The exposure to
which he was subjected after the
dirigible Italia was wrecked off
Northeast land, where five of hie
companions ana nis own rescuer
1 - as
still are marooned, has had a ser-
ous effect. He has not recuper-
ated and yesterday fever set in.! In the excitement the Rev. J. J.
Physicians Insisted today that he D. Hall an elderly Episcopal min
be kept In bed and perfectly quiet. lster who noidg dally 8ervice8 in
The explorer Is ill, worn very Wall street, lost his "congrega
thln and worries constantly about tion." j
the missing members of the ex- Several young women demon
pedition, and also about Roald strators who ignored police orders
Amundsen and the five other men to move along were run Into cus
on the French seaplane which has tody with their leaders.
not been heard from since lt( When friends apd sympathizers to work, will bring more republl
hopped off from the Norwegian gathered in front of the police sta- can TOtes than democratic. H
coast to aid in the search for No-' tion to protect their comrades' ar-quoted one Tlsltor as eaying: t
toil Btirwiyors rest, the patrolmen dashed outthe aemocrats won . nobod y would
Nobllo Glyea Interview agaln and brought in more prison-' the rt t dr,nk
In an Interview yesterday, No-ers, making 16 In all. .
Lll. . , . AM- I m. . . . a I HOW.
duo expressed sincere lamiriiioa
for unselfish attitude of Amund-
sen who forgot the bitter contro-
versy that developed after their
jolnt flight across the pole In the
dirigible Norge in 1920. He also
had words of praise for Amund-
8en 8 companions, Lieut. Lief
Dietrlchsen, who also was aboard
tne Norge, Rene Gullbaud, pilot of
th French seaplane, and the other
(Continued on pig. 5.)
CAROLINA BACKS SMITH
Claim
Advanced by Governor
John G. Richards of State
COLUMBIA. S. C, July S.
jance of the choice of the Houston
( convention today was expressed
by Governor John G. Richards.
The governor, who arrived
home from Houston late yester-
day, said that any attempted bolt
will be discountenanced by the
people of the state as it should be.
t -r?
4
NEAR-RIOT SEEN
,ON WALL STREET
SIXTEEN PERSONS LODGED IN
JAIL RY POLICE
Offices of J. P. Morgan Get Dem
onstration During Noon Honr
Yesterday
NEW YORK. July 3. (AP)
An attempted demonstration In
front of the Wall street offices of
J. P. Morgan today landed 16 men
and women in jail.
Several hundred members of the
"All American Anti-ImDerialist
league" gathered with unfurled'
ST noVl. 'ot'.t Si:
stenographers and clerks filled the'
streets.
A special detail of 44 de-
tectlves and patrolmen was wait-
lng for them.
John Dos Passos, novelist and
picket at Boston In the Sacco-Van-zettl
demonstrations. slipped
j access the street and mounted the
jtop of a parked sedan. "Ladles
and gentlemen," he shouted, but
he sot no farther, for strong po-
'
Daily Worker." a Socialist organ.
leaped to the top of the car, but
he suffered the same fate after
rTaS out: "Fellow workers.
. - A.
Harrv Gannes. seerptarv of th
i---,,. tht nnnnanmrt ih dtmnn.
stration was telling a group of
frienaa what he had Intended to!Pa,l wl11 form the basis of the re
anw wi,- ..n,. ,m(.j st
mm Dannere ana piacaras.
which the police destroyed, read
"Make It an independence day
for Porto Rico and the Phillp-
pines;
"Millions of unemployed while
the funds of the United States go
for the conquest of Nicaragua;
"Down with the Boy Scouts
supported by Wall street:"
"Defeat Wall streets war
against Nicaragua," and "Why
not relieve the farmer Instead of
the banker?"
HOLE TORN IN CRUISER
Investigation Made After British
Ship Goes Down
HALIFAX, N. S., July 3.
(AP). A diver inspecting the
hull of the wrecked British
cruiser Dauntless today found a
30 foot hole Just forward of the
main funnel on the port side. The
cruiser crashed on the Tribune
shoals, entrance to Halffax har
bor yesterday in a dense fog.
A heavy undercurrent prevent
ed an examination of the star
board side. No opinion as to the
possibilities of , salvaging the
cruiser could be obtained but ex
perienced mariners at the scene
believed that there was little
likelihood of the vessel being
saved. -
Captain K. D. W. McPherson,
commander of the ship, pared the
deck nervously as the Dauntless
tugged at the reck which -is slow
ly tearing away her hull. Most
of the crew, removed last night
to the naval dockyard were
brought back today to carry on
refloating operations. i
By a coincidence the Dauntless
carried a .tombstone Intended - to
be placed in the straits of Belle
Islev where the ill fated cruiser
Raleigh and her crew perished
some years ago.
ARMS SHIPPED TO CHINA
Ring of Prominent Oriental Mer
chants Believed Guilty
SAN FRANCISCO, . July S.
(AP) Customs officials an
nounced here today that they were
on the trail of a ring believed to
have been smuggling munitions to
China. Wealthy Chinese mer
chants In San Francisco , were sus
pected' of complicity, authorities
said. . . -The
first clew to the smugglers
was obtained on - the waterfront
Tuesday when the bottom fell out
of a barrel labeled asphalt, reveal
ing Inside a square box, packed
with small .arms and -ammunition.
Trbarrel tad been, set' ashore by"
the 'Dollar -linen President Cleve
land which reported having found
it. while, at ,Hong. Kong? the barral
was without address ? origin or.
destlhatlon.
' -'iitLtLL V.!sion with eastern people latervat
they had no record of tha barrel. caapalng preparations. T
and that it might3 h4r been inth. for the departura wUJ
steamert hold four month, i- or! no tor someUme but It wan
even longer;- Federal agents were! reiterated at tha commerce depart
Interested chiefly boeaus they J meat that ha may be expected tm
suspected tha barrel was only one go first, to President Coolidge te
of a number smuggled into China! Wisconsin to prasent his rnlg3sa
for illegal pureoses. . Um as a cabinet offlear, - v
C. 0. P. TI
IE
TARIFF ISSUE
1928 CAfAICf!
Chairman Work of National
Committee Outlines
Party's Plans
RM CONDITION LAUDED
Agricultural Condition Not So.
Had as Represented, Claim;
Products Declared to Bring
High Prices
CHICAGO. July 8 (AP)
Herbert . Hoover's presidential
campaign will be fought over the
protective tariff, according to a
tatemeut by Dr. Hubert Work,
chairman of the republican nation-
i al committee, printed in the Chi
cago Tribune. His deecrlptioa of
the proposed battle front was his
first extended public analysis of
the situation.
The old fashioned full dinner
publican attack, while prohibition
and the equalization fee phase of
farm relief are to be subordinate
campaign projects.
Dr. Work spent the day in con
ference after a four hour talk yes
terday with President Coolidge at
the summer White House in Wis
consin. Wet and dry issues, according
Farm Prices Cited
Of the farm needs, he said. "It
Is difficult, Xor me to belleva far
mers are tn such distress as pic
tured with steers bringing fit.
wool at 85 cents, wheat at $1.47.
hogs at high price and everything
erse the farmer sells bringing good
prices."
He described the real'lssue aa
"the great American payroll."
"The republican party," he said,
"has stood for the protective tar
iff which protects the wages of
the workmen In mill, mine and
factory. These, in turn, have mon
ey to buy the products of tha
American farmer."
Dr. Work was optimistic over
the prospects. "The situation Is
very healthy for our national tick
et," he said.
Report Favorable
He said he had favorable re
ports on Illinois, Minnesota, Wla-
(Continned on pace 5.)
HOOVER SPENDS
FOURTH AT HOME
CAMPAIGN PLANS FORMKD Ilf
NEAR FUTURE
Chairman Work In Charge of Re
publican Drive on Way Back '
to Washington
WASHINGTON, July 3. (AP)
A quiet Foufth of July holiday-
spent at his Washington home was
In prospect for Secretary Hoover
after he had decided today It was
impossible for him to make a pro
posed outing by boat down Ches
apeake bay, -"y--v.;-; '' "
. After the holiday the secretary'
engagement list Indicates that a
series of important' conferences
will be staged at the republican '
national committee headquarters
and - the commerce department.
Chairman Work of the national
committee now is reutrning hero
with Henry Allen of Kansas, ta
committee director of publicity.
The conferences between them and
the secretary are expected to de
cide upon the best time of Hoo
ver's departure to California and
conclude final . arrangements for
the beginning. of his campaign.'
Among' those who talked over
various phases of the political sit
uation with Hoover today were J.
B. Reynolds former secretary
the republican - national commit
tee. Identified with President Co
lidge's campaign, Mabel Wllla
brand t, assistant attorney general,
and Rep. Wood of Indiana. .
r It was considered likely today
that , the Hoover trip westward
would be delayed until after Jury,
16 In order to give him more tls
to 'conclude - Ids': denartmental af-
faira, as well as to allow dlseun-