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About The Oregon statesman. (Salem, Or.) 1916-1980 | View Entire Issue (May 20, 1928)
feS OREGON STATESIXAN, SALEM, QBE GONBUNDAY MORNING, HAY 20, 1328 6 n 1 1 3 I? he Slogan Pages Are Yours; Aid in Making Them Helpful to Youi:: Wonderful CUy-lSection HI SALE M DIST RICJ MiOSTME Wuimttlln 2toimGe5Tinttnve ITeoi? THE STATESMAN dedicates several pages each week in the interest of the fifty-two to a hundred basic industries of the Salem District. Letters and articles from people with vision are solicited. This is your section. Help make Salem grow. OREGON HAS ONE EIGHTH OF THE ,oh, he c. predict bruit "JiTiirnr nun nr minm v nniri nncn .,e w . d .,, nrnr I.UIU nr hnrflri ULILLuTLU WATER POWERSOF UNITED STATES Two Thirds of the Water Powers of the United States in the Pacific Area Our Water Supply Permanent as the Re volution of the Earth, Certain as the SunWater the Most Important Physical Need Great Developments Needed Here. ofwSs The Medical Profession Is Asked to Avert a Worse Condition OREGON HAS ONE EIGHTH . . . that beautiful sapphire gem set (By H. S. Rogm, Dean of School , deep in the grip of a tremendous of Enzineerin. Onvoa ArriJ volcanic crater, is part of Ore- raltnral (College.) There are those who have made the desert plains of the Yak ima, Boise, Snake, Umatilla and Klamath valleys blossom into lands of fertility and plenty; there are those who have barred the tides from lands which hare , supported the finest dairy herds of the great west; others have harnessed the magnificent waters of the Klamath, the Rogue, the Clackamas, the Snake, the Skagit, the Baker and other rivers; others hare fought the bars of our quiet, capacious harbors; and still others hare brought the mountain waters of the Bull Run, the Green and Cedar rivers into the beautiful, thriving, healthful cities and thereby spread their fame from coast to coaet. . - I make the venture, howeve because there' are many elements of common interest in the origin and occurrence of our water sup plies and because few observe these from the scientific view point, that scientific viewpoint is being applied more frequently to the problems of life. The Oregon State Agricultural college is proud of its position as the college of APPLIED science and technical professions. And this pride Is our bfrthright, for in the words of the late President ! James of the University! of Illi l, nois. the original object! of , the land grant colleges was to turn out thinking laborers rather than ' laborious thinkers. Modern civ ilization in so far as it Is due to ... .4 the styles into which the materials of the earth have been fashioned " has been accomplished by men of applied science. Water Greatest Need If complementary things can be superlatively compared, these wa ter resources are the greatest sin gle permanent resources endowed hy nature. Upon their occurrence, the development of rivers and har- bors. the irrigation of arid lands, the improvement of wet and swamp lando, the supply of power for untold industries and the health and happiness of cities. The banks of the streams of the Cascade. Olympic and Coast ran ges are the haven and Joy of ev ery fisherman, hunter and camper. me Loiumoia itiver nignway is made the most beautiful and in- spiring of all highways by its """" waterways and falls. Crater Lake, gon's water resources. Even the marble caves of Josephine county were carved into their fantastic forms by water trickling through the rocks. Water is the most im port&at physical need. The Water Cycle The water of the earth passes through a certain natural cycle. Beginning in the oceans it is evap orated into the atmosphere where it is conveyed by the winds over the land areas. From the atmos phere it is precipitated in the form of rain, dew, frost or snow upon the earth through which it perco lates or from which it flows in streams on its return to the ocean. The major phases of this water cycle which present the problems in the development of water re sources are those of rainfall and run-off. Rainfall is produced in various ways; down in California they have in recent times hired a man to produce rain by incanta tions from the top of a tower. But the meteorologists believe that the one great underlying cause of rainfall is the dynamic cooling of moist air. The move ments of the atmosphere which raise air to higher levels cause the expanding and cooling of the air so that the dew point is reached and the moisture precipitated. Most of the rainfall of the Pacific northwest is caused by the upward deflection . of the southwesterly winds which blow in from the Pa cific ocean and, striking the Coast and Cascade ranges, are raised and cooled so that the air precip itates its moisture upon the hills below. Certain As the Son These southwesterlies prevail throughout the winter months and are given direction by two factors. (1) the temperature gra dient between the equator and the poles which is produced by the sun. and (2) the rotation of the earth. Since our water resources are brought to us upon these winds we may truly say they are as permanent as the revolution of the earth and as certain as the sun. The prevailing character of these southwesterlies simplify the problems of our friend and weath er prophet. L. L. Wells, very ma terially. During the winter months he can predict seasonable showers, and during the summer As THIS WEEK'S SLOGAN DID YOU KNOW That water is running idle down the defiles of the Cascades and the Coast Range within easy distance of Salem (within an average of less than 50 miles) affording cheaply developed hydro-electric pro jects that would aggregate more than 250,000 horse power; that within a radios of 100 miles about a mil lion horsepower could be developed, and, with power lines no longer .than some lines in use in California, perhaps over four million horsepower; that Salem may absolutely assure her steady growth by the develop ment of the first named 250,000 .and over horsepower for use here in industries; that she may become a city of half million population by developing and using the pow ers within a radius of 100 miles, and that it would be a splendid and sound move for this city, as a city, or as in dividuals organized into companies, to undertake water power development here on an ambitious scale, and to do it now? . a accuracy. He is. nowever, nanai-i capped by a paucity of outposts ( from which to glean variable con-j ditions. The study of the distribution of this rainfall is essential in problems of irrigation, drainage, flood control, power development and water supply. Many a project has been handicapped by lack of sufficient rainfall data. There are certain general characteristics of the Pacific coast rainfall which are explained by the prevailing 'character of the southwesterlies. The variations from the yearly average rainfall are less than in other sections of North America, j the variations in the rates of rain-1 fall in particular storms are less and in all respects the phenomena are more regular and uniform. The variations in the time and place of rainfall are, neverthe less, so great as to require the storage of water from one season to another and the conveyance of water from one place to another. While the amount of rainfall imon the lands or watershed of any particular project is of ut most importance, the contact with the problem in construction is fonnd in the utilization and con trol of the run-off. It Is estimated that about 25 to 30 per cent of the atmosnheric mo'lture which is condensed and precipitated up on the land completes the entire cycle, the remainder is by-passed in various ways so that it is re turned to the air without reaching the oceans. Great Developments The study of the natural con tinuity of run-off and its utilisa tion and control is the province of the hydraulic engineer. The problems involved in this utiliza tion and control have ever called for the greatest energy, resource- fulners and courage of mankind. The accomplishments in this field include such works as the Pana ma canal, the Croton water supply of NW York city, the' Mississippi river control, Mussel Shoals, the Miami flood control, the Los An geles aqueduct, the Hetch Hetchy project of the city of San Francis co; and here in our own great northwest we have a list of super lative accomplishements; the Ar- . . "al M . row kock aam at Boise is iu highest masonry dam in the world, the Rim Rock dam of Yak ima, turned over to the Yakima project manager this season, is the largest earth dam, the Skagit river project of the city of Seattle is one of the largest municipal undertakings of , power develop ment. The Port of Portland un der the able direction of J. H. Polhemus has built the largest and finest Diessel electric dredge in the world; this project is found ed on faith in APPLIED SCI ENCE. "The delvers in mysterious lab oratories, the mathematical gym nasts, the scholars poring over musty tomes of knowledge are not understood by the work-a-day world, nor do they understand it. But between stands 'the man with applied science training with i MILLION OB MORE POWER WITHIN A HUNDRED MILES OF SflLEM Probably Three Million Horsepower Within a Radius of 150 Miles of Salem, and Over Four Million Within 200 Miles Something Like 250,000 Horsepower in Projects Already Marked Out Within 50 Miles of the Capital City. Something like 250,000 horse power may be had in projects al ready developed or marked out within 50 miles of Salem, a mil lion within 100 miles, perhaps three million within 150 miles. and over four million within 200 miles And 200 miles is not a long dis tance at the present time for high voltage electric power lines. More than half the water pow ers of the United States are in the three Pacific coast states; the largest and cheapest power pro ject in the world is the Columbia river project. In California 400 mile high voltage lines are not uncommon; and so the great Co lumbia river project is within reach of Salem for future hydro electric power. Up to four years ago there had been marked oat about 150.000 horsepower within 50 miles of Sa lem. This has been increased in that time to over 250,000, count ing projects under 100 horse power. Following are some of those marked out up to three years ago: Fish. Clear, Lava and Lost lakes, 45.000. North Fork of the Santiam, 600; another on same. 11.000; another 7.755; another, 10.227; another. 29.000. Marion lake. Pnxxle Creek and Whisky creek, 26.000. Total for the above. 130.218. In the years intervening, the Claimant ul AUnM , : Oregon Palp Paper Co., Salem Portland El e trie Pave Oa..' 'Portia 4 Orfon Grain Company. Taraw Oregon Bute Penitentiary. Salem that following are some powers have been marked out: Deschutes river, 34,000. South Santiam river, 341. Salmon and White rivers, im mense power, with 6,000 cubic feet per second flow. Amount of power, undetermined. Marion fork North Santiam. 34,090. Perm el ia and Whitewater creeks, tributary to North San tiam, 22.158. North Santiam, 20,443. The abovu new projects repre sent 11,023 horsepower, not counting the one nnestimated, and there are many later filings, on the Little North Fork of the San tiam river, footing up perhap? 100.000 horsepower. The McKeniie powers coming within 100 to 150 miles of Salem are immense in possible white coal available here. The great Oak Grove plant of the Portland Electric Power Co. with 105.000 developed or devel oping Horsepower, on the upper reaches of the Clackamas river, i about the same distance from Sa lem as from Portland; come? largely from the eternal snows of Mt. Jefferson, in the northeast corner of Marion county. Within 100 Miles of Salem. The files of the office of the state engineer show the following power claims within a radius of 100 miles from Salem, claiming 100 horsepower or more: Tatal torsepowe Claimed 1.804 1,875 73 A. D. Gardner a4 H. S. Bennett, A. D. Gartner. Stayton Crewa Willamette Paper Company, - Pertlaed Seio Mill A Elevator Co.. Scio Mountain State Power Co.. Albany Mountain State Power Co., Lebanon.... Theo. Hirhberger, Aamarille Fall City, Fall City Georgia C. MeCoy. Seattle. Wain Hammond Lumber Company. Mill City. Sidney Power Company, Salem City ot Portland, Portland. Bridal Veil Timber Co., Br Bridal Veil Timber Co., Br Reserve Lnmber A Box Co., Apple Grower Association, Hood River Mountain State Power Co., Scio J. R. Wheeler. Reedaport R. W. and Irene Cary, Portland... Horsepower Stream Developed ... Mil! Creek and Santiam Rivar 463.24 ...S;lvr Creek ...Mil! Creek 373 ...Mill Creek and Santiam River 218 ...North Sa)tiam 035 ...North Santiam South Santiam 400 ..Thoma Fork of Santiam 10." Molalla River 125 Sooth Fk. Santiam 1.023 ..Sooth Santiam 284 -Santiam River and Mill Creek 50 ... Lurkiamute River 198 ..North Fork Santiam 650 ..Santiam River 750 ..Santiam River 200 ..Sandy and Little 8andy ..Sandy and Zir Zr River ..Bridal Veil Creek 156 ..Bridal Veil Creek and Toung'a Creek 561 .. Right Mile Creek 75 ..Herman Creek 500 .. Indian Creek 250 Thomn Creek, trib. of Santiam River " 100 .. Mills Crw k ... Austin Hot Spring and Clackamas Colombia Valley Power Co.. Philadelphia, Penn Deschotes Colombia Valley Power Co., Philadelphia, Penn. Deachntes Portland Electric Power Co., Portland.... Willamette Eugene Power Company. Eugene Willamette 1 law ley u!p a Paper Company. keen and sympathetic appreciation orcitV'af aarTaV ci "MU- of the value Of the Work Of the I Oregon City .Willamette 0 4T Dates of Slogans in Oregon Statesman (With. a few possible changes) Loganberries. October 6, 1927 Prunes, October 13 Dairying, October 20 Flax.-October 27 Filberts, November 3 Walnuts. November 10 Strawberries, November 17 Apples, Figs, Etc., Not. 24 Raspberries, December 1 Mint. December 8 Beans, Etc., December 15 Blackberries, December 22 Cherries, December 29 Pears. January 5. 118 . Gooseberries, January 12 Corn, January It ........ Celery, January 2S -Spinach, Etc, February - 5 . . i Onions. Etc, February 12 Potatoes. Etc... February It Bees, February 28 Poultry and Pet Stock., Mar. 4 City Beautiful. Etc, March 11 Great Cows, March It Paved Highways. March 25 Head Lettuce. April 1 Sl.los.Ete.. April t " Legumes,. Aprtr 15 Asparagus, Etc, April 22 Grapes, Etc., April 29 Drug Garden. May 6 Sugar Industry, May 13 Water Powers, May 20 0 Irrigation, May 27 Mining, June 3 Land. Irrigation. Etc, June It Floriculture, June 17 i Hops, Cabbage, Etc, June 24 Wholesaling. Jobbing, July 1 Cucumbers, Etc, July 8 Hogs July IE Goats. July 22 Schools. July 29 Sheep, August B Seeds. August 12 National Advertising. Aug. 19 Livestock, August t Grain A Grain Products. Sept- 2 Manufacturing, Sept. t Woodworking, Etc, Sept. 18 Automotive Industries, Sept 23 Paper Mills. Sept. 38 (Back copies of the Thurs day edition of The Daily Ore gon Statesman are on hand. They are for sale at 10 cents each, mailed to any address. Current topics 5 cents. one, and a reaay unaersianamg of the needs and requirements of the other; and by his power of adaptability he grasps 'the prob lems presented, takes from the investigators their abstract re sults, and transforms them into practical usefulness for the world." It is such a training of science applied to practical use fulness that is the object of the curricula of the Oregon State Ag ricultural college. The problems in the utilisa tion and control of the natural run-oft are varied. The problem of irrigation is to equalize the water supplied by rainfall, not on ly in time, but in place. The oc currence of precipitation in the Northwest is such that the high places receive and store more moisture than the plains and val leys. Irrigation is accomplished by the construction of works to bring this water onto lands that are dry during the growing season The Willamette Valley, which re ceives as much annual rainfall as the states of Illinois and Ohio, ex perienced an acute need for sup plemental irrigation during the last dry summer. . - The problem of drainage is to build works and improve natural channels to facilitate the run-off of streams, to protect lands from overflow, and to equalize floods. . Harbors are developed and im proved by the deepening and con trolling or channels. Water sup plies for cities must be safe and palatable, and must be located so as to give an economic supply. - This may or .may not be at points where thewater will flow by gravity to a city. Two-Third power Here. ,. Water power is produced by two factors, the rate of flow of water and the fall. These same mountains which by the upward doflectlon of the winds produce the . rain, also provide the fall which glvea the. Pacific area TWO THIRDS OF THE POTENTIAL Pacific Power Light Co., Portland White Rivay A. L. Rich. Seotts Mills Butte Creek Bend Water. Light A Power Co., Bend .Tomslo Creek Odin Falls. Redmond Desehutea John Steidl and Thomas Tweet. Bend Deschutes Deschutes Power L. Co.. Bend Deschutes Oregon Iron Steel Company, Portland.. Tualatin Portland Electric Power Company, Portlaod Tualatin Vernon i a Light k Power Co., Vernonia... Rock Creek uescnutes rower Company, Spokane, Wah Maupia Power Umpany. Maupin 350 1.186 736 170 200 400 2.5O0 750 100 Portland Electric Power Co., Portland. City of McMinaville, McMinnvHIe Oregon Timber Company, Dee .... Pacific Power It Light Co., Portland raeine rower a Lrfgat Co., Portland Portland Electric Power Co., Portland. Portland Electric Power Co., Portland. Portland Electric Power Co.. Portland. Owen-Oregon Lumber Company Medford . T , Crooked River .Oak Spring, trib. of Deschutes Oak Grove Fork nf Clackamas, and Three Link' Creek .Nestueea River and Willamette .East Fork" Hood 1,219 . Hood River .Hood River Clark mm and North Fork Timothy Reser. .Clackamas ..Clackamas Owen-Oregon Lumber Company. Butte Falls .1 Clin Falls Power Company, Portland City of Eugene. Eugene Silver King Mining Company, Aibany Big Butt Creek and Oinger Creek 250 Big Butt Creek 700 Deachutea 795 McKeniie Henline Creek, trib. Uttle1 North SantiarralOJ Waldport Light Comnanv. WtUnort Eekman Crook . 201 Theo. Heigberger, Aumaville Priagle Fnlla Electric Power a Water Company, Portland City of Kugene. Eugene Municipality o( Oregon City, Oregon City City of McMinaville. MeMinnviil Falla City. FaUa City City of Eugeaa A. J. Derby . . Santiam River and Mill Creek . West Fork Deachatra . McKeniie 50 3.000 .Willamette S87 .Baker Creek 30O .Little Laekiamute 97 McKeniie River . W. rk. Hood River Total 68,799.24 218 1.500 13.636 613 105 125 1.023 284 169 200 650 1 078 200 36.932 20.OO0 156 561 128 639 398 326 2,000 218 23,864 83.524 136.363 600 1,718 1.422 4,233 170 4.233 682 400 2.500 6.818 100 400 5,000 42t 57,272 - 5.807 1,219 2.387 15.341 10,000 36.818 28,409 312 1.008 795 2.180 11S 201 169 6.750 3.000 687 300 100 22.000 994 529.892 WASHINGTON, May 19 (AP) A shortage ot country doctors which farm leaders say threatens a general breakdown in rural health service baa commanded the attention of medical authorities. Methods of replenishing the ! dwindling supply will be consider ed at the convention of the Amer ican Medical association at Minne apolis in June. In 1906 there were approxi mately 33,000 physiciane in com munities of 1,000 population or less in the United States. A sur vey made in 1924 showed this number reduced to 27.000. More recent investigations reveal that almost one-third of the towns of 1.000 or less which bad physicians in 1914 had none in 1925. The average age of rural doc tors in 1925 was 52 years. Since the average age at death of Amer ican physicians is 62, the present generation of country doctors will practically have disappeared in another 10 years, it is asserted. Only a small percentage of the doctors graduated in the last ten years have taken up practice in rural districts. The National Grange has ap pealed to the medical association to take steps to increase the num ber of general practitioners "whose outlay in time and money in securing their medical educa tion will be such that their serv ices will be within the reach of the rank and file of the people." Officers of the Grange, in a pe tition to the association, say: "The family doctor is rapidly be coming extinct. He is being sup plemented by the specialist to a degree not warranted under prac tical conditions. If the supply of country doctors is to be replenish ed, these doctors must come from among the young men and women of the country districts, as was the case in former times. And only in rare instances can the son of a farmer hope to enter the med ical profession owing to the ex pense of his education." 'Officers of the Grange insist hey are not advocating any low ering of medical standards. They contend, that more practical edu cation, costing less in time and money, is required. E-D I T il&ra L SALEM'S GREAT FUTURE TOMATO HINTS BY COLLEGE EXPERT Fresh manure is not recom mended for tomato plants, but u well rotted, it is often of great value, says A. G. Bouquet of the Oregon Agricultural college. Com mercial fertilizers, such as a mix ture of 300 to 400 pounds acta phosphate and 200 pounds of sul fate or muriate of potash, are often profitable. Regular cultiva tion of tomato plants has shown increased yields and better fruit over fields poorly cultivated. Irrigation is usually a good practice on the light sandy soils. Lack of moisture Often results in dry or blossom-end rot. It is pref erable to apply water when the fruit begins to increase in size and to continue irrigation through the early stages or ripening. Running water between the rows is consid ered a better practice than sprink ling. It is best to avoid Irrigat ing when the plant is first starting to produce flowers. Cut worms are best controlled by the application of a small hand ful of standard bran mash poison near each nlant at the time of setting out. A standard arsenate of lead dust (sold ready mixed under various trade names) is ap- ! plied to repel the small black flea (beetles which eat holes in the ' leaves and often destroy the plant. Salem's great future is largely dependent upon water The use of water for power and irrigation. Two-thirds of the water powers of the United States are in the Pacific area. Oregon has an eighth of the water pow ers of the country. Our water is as "permanent as the revolution of the earth; as certain as the sun. When all the idle and slacker acres of the Willamette val ley are brought to maximum potential production; when all our water powers are harnessed to the wheels of industry and all our land that needs irrigation is brought under its bene fits, the Willamette valley will have ten milions of people, and what will be called Salem then will have a million o; them. The population of Salem will grow steadily. This ci;y will ere long have 50,000 people; then 100,000 But the great growth of this city will come with the develop. . ment of the potential water powers and the use of the avail able water for irrigation; which will mean beet sugar factor-oi. ies and all that they will bring indirectly ; which will mean the - Z. full development of our flax and hemp and linen industries. which will support here, directly and indirectly, at least a mil- ! lion people. This resource of water, this gift of God, through the law of nature, is a value that never diminshes, never dies, never is consumed, never wears out, never is used to exhaustion, de struction or extraction This clean white coal running down the defiles of our Cas cade and Coast Range mountains and through our peacefu' -and fruitful valleys; and this life bestowing gift of Provi dence making certain the annual growth of the crops in tlir land. We have here--a veritable land of diversity. We can grow here and prepare and manufacture more products comma 1 ing wide markets than can be produced and turned to com mercial use in any similar extent of territory under the shin ing sun - And the world needs what we have to give it. Rapid growth here is almost a moral issue. We owe it to the world ; to grow and make the things the world needs. The development of our water powers cannot be over done, if our industries on the land and in our cities and towns can be made to keep pace with it. The sky is the limit. The possibilities are worthy of the dream of an empire builder; of a group of empire builders And, soon or late, and the sooner the better, this develop ment must include municipal ownership of her water sys tem by the capital city, with a pipe line to the mountain sup ply and a by-product of water power for sale all the way down. And it means still water in the Willamette, with cheap boat and barge rates, giving this great water valley connec tion with all the ports of the world. X WILL RESUME The magazine plan for the Slogan pages of The Statesman is being given up, with this issue. We are going back, temporarily, to the form that has per sisted for nearly nine years. The tabloid or magazine form will be resumed later, when this department will be made still stronger and more useful to the industries on the land and in the city, and more in fluential in helping the growth and prosperity of both city and country and surrounding towns. Sympathetic Neighbor I hear you lost your husband. It's a ter- I rible thing. Widow Yes, indeed. You know what you're losing but you don't know what you'll get the next time. The Pathfinder. Oak la nd Pontine Sales and Service VICK BROS. High Street at Trade WATER POWER OF THE UNIT ED STATES. They a 1 a o wring the moisture from the winds before they pass over the plateaus between the Cascades and the Rockies and mak nrnhlema of irrigation. V Development in any direction because of prevailing' winds and topography has. therefore, its vi tal hydraulic problem. Agricul tural development means' irriga tion and dralnare. aar r "aaiiUVI VatUU4 W velopment means river and har bor Improvement, Industrial de velopment means a need for hydro-electric power, and municipal development means water supply Capitol Bargain and Junk House - - 1C3-143 Crater TcL 398 All Kinds of Junk Bought and Sold Anything from a Needle to a Steam Engine CASH PAID FOR RAGS, BOTTLES, BARRELS. OLD PAPER, CARPETS, IRON, WOOL, PELTS, GRAPE ROOT, CHITTAM . BARK, PEPPERMINT OIL, ETC. SEED TESTED FOR FRENCH FARMERS PARIS, May 13 (AP)-A scien tific system of seed testing with a view to increasing France's wheat and rye crops has been initiated by the minister of agriculture, with an appropriation of $240,000 wrjing from Premier Poincare, jealous guardian of the national purse. Experience has shown that in the same field, with the same methods and same expenditure, one variety of wheat will yield from two to four bushels more per acre than another less adapted fn lrwnl nndlttnn With this in mind, the ministry 1 experts are carrying out a series of tests to determine the varie ties of seed most suitable to earl, region of France. When tt has been done the results will be rom municated to farmers and ar rangements will be made to tT- itate the supply to them, uad r advantageous conditions, of t!. seeds most suitable to their soil OIUO-MATIC WHAT IS IT? SEE THEO. M. BARR Phone 192 Oregon Pulp & Paper Co. Manufacturers Of BOND LEDGER GLASSINE GREASEPROOF TISSUE 9 Support Oregon Prod acts Specify "Salem Made" Paper for Your Office Stationery IL We handle Catle, Gate, King; Rock Spring ,Ccal2aii Gaicoj and Also coal specially designed for chicken brooder use. TELEPHONE 930 4'. In Ms nonunuea on page 7.)