Our People Arc. Producing More Each Year of tie Right Varieties of Grapes
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SEVENTY-EIGHTH YEAR
TRY FRESH SOS
111 fOKEMENT
French Endive Will Provide
Novelty of Salad at Home
All The Winter
Many gardeners are enjoying
the novelty of trotting down cellar
in the winter time to gather fresh
salad material. It is an easily ac
complished treat. Plant seed o(
French endive, also catalogued as
chicory or Witloof. The culture
is simple and a supply of frech
salad material, always very ex
pensive in the market, is cheaper
at hand in cold weather.
Seed should be sown outdoors in
rows 1 as coon as the weather is
warm enough to work the soil. It
should be treated just as carrots,
parsnips or other root crops, thin
ning the plants to about fire inch
es apart in the row. The ooll
'-should be rich to promote a strong
root growth. The roots somewhat
resembles parsnips and will grow
to a length of a foot with crowns
three inches thick with good cul
ture. These are to be dug in Oc
tober before heavy froets. Cut off
the tops to within an inch of the
root so that they are of a uniform
length of about eight inches.
Secure a substantial box about
20 to 24 inches deep. ; Stand it on
its side and pack in the roots In
layers. When filled stand it up
right and fill in with fine soil or
sand around the roots. Cover the
soil with six or eight inches of
leaves, straw, shavings, excelsior
or similar dry material to exclude
light. Water about once a week.
The blunt white spikes will start
into growth and the first salads
will be ready to cut by Christmas.
If, when the sprouts are cut, care
is taken not to injure the crown,
others will follow. A succession
may be secured by delaying the
start of watering some of the box
es.
This is such an easy vegetable
to grow and fresh salads of excep-
4Unal AtitlWv mav ha rtttcari sn
easily in a dark cellar or basement
it is surprising that it is not more
frequently planted. Try a row of
French endive this year. Once
started it is likely to become a
family fixture. The storage place
should be fairly cool to produce
the cnispest shoots.
Some of the plants may send up
seed stalks the first year, although
It i? a biennial. If these appear
merety cut them out and force the
plant to devote its strength to
nking root.
Give the frames plenty of air.
lifting the sash every day. Close
them during cold or heavy rains.
Water with the hose or sprinkler.
Get In plenty of onion sets. They
Jar the easiest way to get young
onions in a hurry.
WANTED, A
A PACT WITH MEXICO
IS
MY
WILL SB FIGHT ON DISEASES OF LIVE ST
;5S m -VirCI rlvl
f . ff-n. r IT
Dipping vat and inspection chutes (below) are to play a big part in control of livestock diseases
contemplated under a treaty between the United States and Mexico. Representatives of the two na
tions (above) who drew up the provisions are, left to right, Irs. Heruuien, Kigueroa and Castro-Leal of
Mexico; It. W. Flourney, jr.. Dr. A W. Miller and Ir. J. K. Mohler of the I nited States.
By Frank I. Weller
(Associated Tress Farm Editor)
WASHINGTON, April 28.
(AP). Common measures of de
fense against the invasion of for
eign livestock diseases into either
country soon may be put into prac
tice by the United States and Mex
ico. A treaty embodying uniform
and reciprocal regulations already
has been confirmed by the United
States senate and awaits. ratifica
tion by the Mexican government.
It is the culmination of negotia
tions started more than a year ago
by livestock-sanitary officials and
other representatives of the two
countries.
The conference group that drew
up the final provisions of the
treaty included Dr. J; R. Mohler,
chief of the bureau of animal in
dustry in the department of agri
culture; Dr. A. W. Miller, who at
that time was chief of the field in-
spection division, and H. W. Flour-
LEADER TO
SALEM, OltEGON, SUNDAY MORNING, APRIL 29, 1928
11 THE FOBM OF A TREATY THAT
RATIFIED BY THE UNITED
ney. Jr., assistant federal solicitor,
Mexico was represented by Dr.
Antonio Castro-Leal, charge d'af
faires and interim in the United
States; Dr. Jose Figueroa, chief of
the cattle division of the Mexican
department of agriculture and Dr.
Daniel Ortiz Berumen. chief of
section of the cattle division.
The terms of the treaty provide
for the maintenance of quarantine
stations; adequate livestock-sanitary
police service; supervision of
animal by-products, forage and
other commodities offered for im
portation; disinfection of vessels.
railroad cars and other carriers;,
prompt report of outbreaks of dis
ease; establishments of quarantine
zones, and other safeguards.
Last year more than 216.000
head of livestock crossed the Mexi
can border into the United States,
of which 184,447 were cattle, 26.
111 sheep and 5.141 horses and
mules. All were Inspected and
none allowed to enter unless free
ORGANIZE THE GRAPE JUICE INDUSTRY
STATES SENATE
of disease.
The United States lonp ha.
muintained rigid inspection f
livestock entering from Mexico, al
though no epidemic of animal dis
ease ever has been traced directly
to that country. Special precau
tions are d-irected against the Tex
as fever tick, foot-and-mouth dis
ease, rinderpest," contagious pleu-ro-pneumonia
and hog cholera.
By special act of congress Tex
as is the only state into which
Mexican cattle may be imported
if they have been exposed to the
fever tick. Before Ihey enter,
however, they are driven through
a dipping vat twice at a stated in
terval, and are certified to be free
of infestation. They are dipped
again when they cross the border.
Each animal is paraded through
an inspection chute where experts
make sure no disease is carried in
to this country.
Foot-and-mouth disease i not
PRICE FIVE CENTS
MAKING SEEDBED
IS THE IM TASK
Some Simple Rules for the
Amateur Gardener In
His Home Plot
Despite the manifest advantages
of a hotbed or cold frame to a
gardener. 9 5 per cent of those who
grow gardens trust entirely to sow
ing seeds in the open ground, tak
ing advantage of the earliest dat.
at which the soil can be worked.
This is a fairly satisfactory meth
od for those who are not impa
tient for early crops. r
The disadvantage outdoor
seed sowing is the loss of plants
that must be considered through
accidents of weather such as heavy
rains, hot spells, scorching winds
and other factors. However, with
a little care none of these will do
more than nominal damage. The
most'important task is to protect
the seedbed from downpours of
rain so that the wash is reduced
to a minimum. Other methods are
to cover the seedbed with cloth,
anchored by stones, bricks or other
methods until germination starts.
For coarse seeds these precautions
are not necessary, and fortunately
most of the vegetable seeds are su
ficiently coarse not to need this ex
tra care and will do excellently
planted in the open and left to na
ture. The main task is thorough and
careful preparation of the seedbed
The chief factor is to make the soil
fine, pulverizing the surface care
fully so that it will come in close
contact with the seed so that the
seed may not trickle down among
cracks between unbroken clods of
earth and thus be lost. Dig deeply
and pulverize thoroughly for the
seedbed.
Sow in rows. The old broadcast
method resulted n great waste of
plants. Also, sow thinly. This saves
thinning and transplanting in th
case of plants which are to grow
where the seed i3 planted. Thin
sowing results in more robust
plants. Therft are now hand seed
ing devices on sale which maki
the regulation of seed as it trickle
Into the row an easy matter.
' k
common in northern Mexico, nor
was it present at the time of the
last outbreak in the United States.
Recently, however, there was an
outbreak in southern Mexico
which was successfully eradicated
while the present treaty was in the
course of preparation. Mexican v
authorities took precaution that
no animals from that section were
offered for importation to the
United State3.
Because of prevalent diseases,
there are a number of countries
from which neither the United
States nor Mexico purchases live
stock. The treaty is expected to
strengthen precaution against im- .
portation of such animals into
either country and subsequently
passed across the border.