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About The Oregon statesman. (Salem, Or.) 1916-1980 | View Entire Issue (April 1, 1928)
THE OREGON STATESMAN. SALEM, OREGON. SUNDAY MORNING, APRIL 1, 1928 SCIENTIST EVOLVES I III l,CflE Grover's Paper Gives Work ing Figures for Gen eral Capacity FIND MYSTERIOUS SHIFTING IN RADIO BEACON LIGHTS WASHINGTON (AP) Repre anting seYeral years' study of electro-statics and said to be the lat word on antenna systems, a ecl'ntific parr on methods for the calculation of antenna capacity ha? Just been cornipleted by Frederick V. C.roTer. consulting physicist of the Dureau of Standards. Rendering calculation unneces sary In many practical problems, Mr. firover's tables of the values of capacity for various types of antenna are considered by radio etiirt3 to be particularly valua ble. To calculate the capacity of an cr.t'-nna. a certain electrical charge is assumed upon the an tenna and the resulting potential Is determined. One difficulty in carrying out this method is that. In general, the law of distribution of charges is not known. Mr. Gro r declares. O. W. O. Howe, not- e 1 English physicist, made the as Kiiniption that sufficient accuracy id attained if first a uniform dis tribution of charge is supposed to exist and the potential calculated at various points of the antenna wire, the average of these poten tials being taken as the final po tential. "Howe called attention to dis crepancies between values ob tained by his method and values for the same antenna by the induc tance method." Mr. Grover said. i ii l i n .. -,-: i kj5i. .... EHBE EVOLVE DISTRIBUTION PUN Many Technical Problems Found To Exist In 1 New Programs ' Experiments conducted by the Bureau of Standards in directing airplane flights by tadio beacon have shown a mysterious shitting -of the course Indicator during night flying. Above is the plane used in the teats, while below is the College Park, M;d., beacon station and directional antenna. WASHINGTON (AP) While success is marking experiments of the Bureau of Standards in direct, ing daylight airplane flights by the radio beacon, a mysterious shifting of the course Indicator In the planes at night is baffling the bureau's radio experts. A series of night flight be tween New York and Cleveland, The present paper shows that the (directed by the bureau's radio bea- two methods agree If approprl- COn at Bellefonte. Pa., and the ate Inductance formulas are em- New York stations, revealed seri m I pioyea. I ou- errors. Instead of being sta- "Formulaa for the calculation tionarv. there was a conMnuoue oi me capacity Deiween two parai lei wires of Infinite length have been known for some time. The case of a single wire of infinite length, stretched parallel with the surface of the earth as a distance which is small compared with its length, may be treated by the same formulas, since by the theory of electric Images, the effect oil the induced charge on the earth may be taken into account by sup posing the earth to be replaced by a wire of the same dimensions as the given wire and carrying a rnarge oi opposite sign, i ne image wire is assumed to lie as far below a the actual wire is above the surface of the earth." Mir. Grover's paper gives work- In? formulas for figuring the ca pacity of practical forms of an tenna including single horizontal wire, single vertical, parallel hori zontal wires, cage, umbrella, fan or harp antenna. Formulas de rived by him were published by the Bureau of Standards in 1917 Account was taken of the finite length of the wire in these but the lack of uniformity of charge dis tribution was only Imperfectly tak en into account, Mr. Grover says. shifting of the course over a wide range. The Indicator in the plane, which informs the pilot that he is in the equislgnal zone or on the direct course, rapidly moved about in an indefinite manner. The shifting was found to be much worse in mountainous than in flatt country, the fading of the general level of the elgnal being especially severe when the planes were over the Alleghany moun tains. The cause responsible for 'his phenomenon at night is be lieved to be the same as that which produce the fading of sig nals of broadcasting stations. On a night flight from Harris- burg, Pa., to Washington, using signals from the radio beacon at College Park, Md., no shifting was detected. There are no marked mountain range in this territory. Observations of the Bellefonte beacon were made at night on the ground at Washington, a distance of 134 miles. While the shift phenomenon was noticed, it was less pronounced than that observ ed in the air. The Bellefonte beacon waa found to be very accurate In guid ing daytime flights between New York and Cleveland and could he relied upon for a range of 160 miles. Excellent signals also were obtained in two flights of 135 miles each made from College Park to Bellefonte by the Bureau of Standards experimental plane and using the College Park bea con. The indicator was found to be of practical use in navigating in condition of low visibility. These flights demonstrated the need of installing more reliable means of modulating the radio beacon current at the frequencies required for the Indicator, Dr. J. H. Delllnger. chief of the radio di vision of the - bureau, declares. Flights of the bureau plane have been discontinued until these al teration have been completed. WASHINGTON (AP) When the radio commissioners start re allocating broadcasting stations on a basis of equitable distribution of power and wavelengths decreed by congress, they will have for their guidance a plan of redistri bution being worked out by lead ing radio engineers. While the legislators have been threshing out the issue of equi table apportionment of station among the five zones, radio ex perts of the government and big commercial organizations have been working quietly on the tech nical problems Involved In a new nationwide broadcasting setup. These engineer volunteered their service without pay. ' Outstanding experts on the ad visory committee include Dr. J. H. Delllnger, of the bureau of standards. Mai. William R. Blair, of the signal corps, Capt. 8. C Hooper, of the Navy. W. D. Ter rill, head -of the radio division of the department of commerce; L. E. Whlttemore, of the radio re search department of the Bell Telephone company, and R. S. Mc- Bride, of the American Engineer ing council. They have confined their studies to the engineering problems in volved in Improving radio recep tion. These Include the elimina tion of various kinds of interfer ence, a more efficient use of the limited number of wavelengths. the question of transmitting pow er, location and synchronisation of stations and the separation of channels. Problems .pertaining to the Is suing of licenses, the supervision of broadcasters, quality of pro grams and public service rendered by stations, are not eing con sidered by the engineers as they are questions of general policy which will be decided by the com mission as outlined by congress. Ml 1 HAVE TROUBLE ALSO Complaints of Listeners Found To Be Vexing Broadcasters WASHINGTON (AP) The Australian radio fan. like his bor ther listeners in America, is be coming more fastidious about the entertainment he receives from the "theater of the air." Reports of the department of commerce on the radio situation In Australia show the complaints of listeners regarding program? are vexing broadcasters and gov ernment supervisory officials. The three chief complaints are that stations broadcast too much sports information, too much Jasz music and too many talks. A commission government found, however, that In view of the quality of programs and the comparatively small sum paid by listeners for a year'B entertain ment. the public In most of the states have little cause for com plaint. The commission said this was especially the case in those states with smaller populations where first cfass artists were dif ficult4 obtain. No other form of entertainment provides or is ex pected to provide the variety de manded from broadcasting sta tions by many listeners, the com mission declared. An Interesting recommendation made was that broadcasting com panies take the greatest care to obtain announcers who will afford an example to listeners of how the English language should be pro nounced and used. This was con sidered essential in view of the far reaching influence of wireless on listeners, especially children." They said that radio In the hands of the unskilled may have an In jurious effect on those who are apt to Imitate one who has been especially chosen as an an nouncer. Most of the broadcasting sta tions iu Australia are controlled by Amadgamated Wireless Lim ited. a company which also owns most of the patents on radio ap paratus in that country. The post master general activities. supervises, radio GERMANS STILL DELAYED Storms Prevent Start On Long Awaited Atlantic Flight BALDONNELL, March 31 - (AP). Adverse weather In Ire land and over the Atlantic ruined Baron von Huenefeld's hope to continue his flight from Berlin to Mitchel Field. L. I., this week me junaers plane Bremen was unleashed today from its air field moorings, and with a full load of fuel and oil was carefully rolled back Into the hangar and the fly ers are not optimistic about start ing before Monday. Baron Huenefeld yielded to the demands of the Irish and Foreign press for particular of his ven ture to the extent of issuing an "official communique," evidently In reply to criticisms which have been made of his attitude both In Dublin, where protests were car ried to the highest Free State gov ernment authorities, and in Ber lin where It was reported, there ha been criticism of his project. hia fellow worker in a dramatic period of radio development Captain Hooper waa the right (hand man of Admiral Bullard. the "father of Navy radio." during the world war. The admiral then was director of naval communication? and Captain Hooper was head of thjt radio engineering division. Wen the United States entered the war, a period of tremendous expansion In radio was inaugura ted. President Wilson authorised the Navy to take possession of all land stations and1 all merchant marine radio was turned over to Captain Hooper. These facilities were consolidated and provisions made for handling one-third of the cables were cut. Captain Hooper was charged with the responsibility of purchas ing, and testing radio equipment ror shore stations, ships and air craft. From 1915 to 1918. the Navy mad great strides In the de velopment of aircraft radio. Prior to that time the use .of radio on airplanes had been negligible, so that when the United States en tered the war It waa far in advance of other nations in aircraft radio apparatus! The Navy created -the Incentive for the development of the radio corn pans, perfecting It for use on land and ship stations. The adop tion by the Navy of the arc type of high power transmitter revolu tionlzed the art at that time. The duplex system of sending and re ceiving messages at the same time was applied to naval station and the Nary pushed the development of vacuum tube transmitters. Captain Hooper, was the first fleet radio officer, serving with the Atlantic fleet from 1912 to 1914 When the war broke out in 1914 he was assigned to duty abroad as an observer of British, French and German radio operations. Since the war, Captain Hooper ha had an active part in fostering the de velopment of high frequency trans mlttlon and In preparing data for the International Radio Telegraph Conference. He is a native of Call fornia, and before entering the Naval Academy was a telegraph op erator for the Southern Pacific railroad. CONDOLENCES SENT , KVI Lw aarelee WASHINGTON, Mar. SI (AP) President Coolidge sent today his condolences to Mrs. Frank B. Willis on the death of her hus band, extolling the late senator as an "earnest and effective advocate of causes he considered just." 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