il
4
l
E
If
The Advertising
; Salem Will Have an Addition
, Weather forecast: Unsettled with local
rains in west and local rains or snows In
east portion; normal temperature; fresh
south to west winds. Maximum tempera
ture yesterday 51. minimum 42, river 1.7,
rainfall .04, atmosphere cloudy, wind
southeast.
SEVENTY-SEVENTH YEAR
Men Fronv U. S. forces In
Many Wars Meet Here At
Preliminary Session
COL W00LPERT AT HEAD
Speakers Include Men Who Suf
fered In World Conflict; Or
ganization Need Stressed; Ex
pert Big Membership
' Col. A. T. Woolpert of Salem is
chairman and J. S. McKinney of
Turner is secretary-treasurer of
the new Marion county unit of the
Organized Veterans State Coun
cil, formed last night at Veter
ans' hall in Salem.
The meeting was well attend-
lth three Grand Army veter-
one or two from the Indian
Canadian soldiers. Spanieh-
. - i 1 . m l
V-lns.
H diers of e World war, and worn-
en from Vour or five patriotic or
U ganizations. It would be hard to
find a more representative cross
section of patriotic America; all
were there.
State Chairman C. L. Diffen
bacher, of Portland, introduced
Dr. James Lisle of Salem, state
chaplain of the Grand Army, as
the first speaker. Dr. Lisle gave
a vivid picture of the value of or
ganization as it used to prevail in
the Union battery of which he was
a member; and then applied the
principle to politics and good citi
zenship. He was given a rousing
cheer for his talk.
Louis L. Jackson, prominent in
the Disabled Veterans' organiza
tion in Portland, talked briefly on
the need of a veterans' organiza
tion to carry on the principles of
government for which the na
tion's armies have fought for 150
-yt.itr Mr. Jackson was carried
ashore, a wreck from wounds and
rjg, when he returned to the
(Continued on paga 7.)
K. K. K. MASK PUT
OFF BY ORDER
LO F F I C I A Jj ANNOUNCEMENT
AtlTtR AT WASHIXfiTOV T. f.
Ordrr Preparing for "New and
Larger Activities In National
Life," Word
WASHINGTON. Feb. 22.
f AP) Official announcement was
made tonight that the Ku Klux
Klan had discarded the mask as
lpart of its official regalia.
In a copyrighted statement la
sued at the organization's head
quarters here it was asserted' that
"in every klavern throughout the
nation" klansmen tonight "fore
swore the mask and made It clear
tthat the order has no political am-
fbitions for itself or for its mem-
(Continued on page 7.)
rime News Not
er Emphasized
In The Statesman ,
Much has been said recently
about over emphasis on crime
in the newspapers. The States
man does not hold with the
extremists that crime news
should be left out. but Its the
ory Is that crime Is not the
chief interest of its readers,
and the paper is planned ac
cordingly.
The upper right hand corner
of the front page is, in The
Statesman and most other
newspapers, the place where
the "strongest" story of the
y la placed.
Only once since the first of
February has a crime story
been the biggest story of the
lay. In the opinion ot The
Statesman news staff. That
ras the day that Hickman was
found guilty.
Thar tiav lUan nljmtv 4tf
JC
Cther aews stories worth that
i much prominence. On seven
- mornings the favored corner
i V-s. tZferrUtd loea.1 derelonment
V&S'&s: five times It has been
Important news of the forth
coming primary election; onoe
it .wa 4 big fire; twice it
chronicled - the doings of Col,
Charles Llsdbergh; yesterday
jr'iilng It was news of tho
wmi bw a cwiika; mau ma so.
Ia the same period, one
other local newspaper has aiv-
en chief prominence In IS Is
sues to crime news, and four
i times to news tnat did not eon-
rem - crime. The Statesman
coes not , peueve tnat u over
-npbssixes crime news.
Clubs of Oregon Do Valuable
ffife
RELATES BURIAL
OF WASHINGTON
NEWSPAPER OF 180O SALEM
WOMAN'S POSSESSION
High Tribute Paid "Father of His
Country" Even Then is
Revealed
WASHINGTON ENTOMBED,
"GEORGE TOWN, Dec. 20.
On Wednefday laft, the mortal
part of Washington the Great
the Father of his Country and the
Friend of man, was configned to
the tomb, with solemn honors and
funeral pomp.
"A multitude of persons affem
bled, from many miles around," at
Mount Vernon, thecholce abode
and laft residence of the illuf
trious chief. There were the
groves the spacious avenues, the
beautiful and fublime fcenes but
alas! the august inhabitant was
no more. That great soul was
gone. His mortal part was there
indeed; but ah! bow affecting!
how awful the fpectacle of such
worth and greatness, thus to
moral eyes fallen! yes! fallen!
fallen!"
Thus in part Is described the
burial of George Washington ic
1779, in a newspaper, the Ulster
County Gazette of January 4,
1800. A copy of the paper Is the
prized possession of Mrs. R. IJ.
Leland, of the Luncheonette. 1326
State street. The typographical
style is typical of the period, while
the lateness with which the news
paper received the story is indic
ative of the slowness of commun
ication In that time.
The page on which the story
lppears Is lined with heavy black
rules symbolic of mourning, but
the story has no headline other
than the single line of ' capitals
appearing above. The paper also
contains President Adams' ad
dress to congress.
The text of the story also indi
cates that Washington's greatness
was recognized at that time,
Rupert Hughes and others to the
contrary notwithstanding.
Mrs. Leland also has in her
possession two newspapers print
ed In the south in the Civil war
period: one, "The Daily Citizen"
Issued at Vicksburg in 1863 and
printed on wallpaper.
The other bravely styles ltseli
"The Rebel" and was published
the same year at Chattanooga. It
contains a number of acrimonious
editorials aimed at the Union.
The most conspicuous thing on
the front page of the last men
tioned paper Is an advertisement,
headed "For sale a negro worn-
an.
SEMAPHORE HAS "EARS"
Ingenious Device Perfected to Re
gulate City Traffic
BALTIMORE, Feb. 22 (AP)
A traffic semaphore with "ears"
was pronounced a success by In
spector George E. Lurz, head oi
the city's traffic police, after a
test In actual traffic today.
Installed at the corner of Falls
Road and Belvedere avenue the
signal in normal position shows s
green light to1 traffic on Falls
Road, a through highway. A mo
torist wishing to cross the main
highway stops at a line in the road
ten feet from the intersection and
sounds- his horn. Microphone:
tuned to pick up the sound from
this spot; reverse the signal for 18
seconds to allow him' to pass.
The purpose is to avoid the de
lays caused by automatic lights at
times when there is no traffic on
cross streets.
CHICK BAN RESTRAINED
Order Lifts Embargo In Washing
ton for 10 Day Period
SEATTLE. Feb. 22 (Special)
-Judre -Cushman of the United
States district court has signed an
order covering a period of 10 days
restraining the enforcement of the
Washington state poultry embargo
and requiring state officials to
show cause why this restraining
eat at a hearing at (he end of
this 10 day period.
Here aa in Orecon much dissat
isfaetlon has arisen over the state
poultry embargo orders, as they
aro not uniform and It Is declared
no Infection Is present In either
state to Justify such drastic em
bargo. -
Similar restraining ordtri
against the poultry! embsrgo In
Oregon were - signed -by a federal
Judge In Portland last Saturday,
and the same course la expected
to be followed la Idaho soon.
SENTENCE YOUNG KILLER
17 Tear Old Lad Give Life I-
prteoumemt For Crime i
WATERVILLE, Wh. Feb. 2 2
(AP) Arthur Woodln, IT, who
was convicted ot slaying Allen
Presley for a small sum - which
the youth used to buy Christmas
presents for glrL was sentenced
today to life Imprisonment In the
to Its Postoffice
AD CLUBS HERE
Third Convention of Year for
Oregon Association At
Marion Hotel
VALUES OF WORK TOLD
Convention at Honolulu in June
Important Topic of Discussion;
- Combating Fraud Greatest
Service
Two. hundred and fifty members
of the six Advertising clubs of
Oregon, with their wives and
guests, gathered at the Marion ho
tel last night to attend the third
convention of the year, of the Ore
gon association of . Advertising
clubs.
The banquet was served In the
main dining room of the hotel at
seven o'clock. Hal Hoss presided
as master of ceremonies through
out the evening.
The interesting program opened
with a quick change number giv
en by the Misses Lollta and Lortta
Robinson. These twins also appear
ed in two song numbers with Mrs.
E. A. Brown playing the accom
paniment.
Corvallis Brings Most
Introduction of the guests fol
lowed with the president of each
of the clubs represented Introduc
ing the delegates from his own
club. The Corvallis club had the
greatest number of delegates pres
ent with the single exception of the
(Continued on paga 8)
WILLIS DELIVERS SPEECH
Presidential Candidate Opposes
btenatiojud Mlurtcriac" .
YOUNGSTON. Ohio, Feb. 22
(AP) Declaring flatly against
"international mlndedneas In the
shaping of American foreign pol
icy" Senator Willis addressed an
audience of fellow Ohioans tonight
for the first time since battle
lines were drawn between him and
Secretary Hoover fdr republican
delegates from this state to the
Kansas City convention. In his
prepared speech he made no direct
reference to the commerce secre
tary. The Ohioan. speaking at an
Vmerican Legion Washington's
birthday celebration reviewed his
previously announced stand
against foreign alliances, against
farther reduction or cancellation
of foreign debts and for law ob
servance. He emphasized espe
cially the view that George Wash
ington was right .in warning
"against the insidious wiles of
foreign Influence."
Work in
Before
SALEM, OREGON, THURSDAY
AUSTRALIA HAS
LINDY OF OWN
BERT HLXKLKR 3IAKES AIR
TRIP FROM EXGLAXD
Flight Completed Without Engine
Trouble- or Other Mishap;
Greetings Many
PORT DARWIN, Australia, Feb
22. ( AP) Bert Hinkier, a na
tive of Australia, who has just
completed an air voyage from En
gland to this place, Is the hero of
the hour.
"I feel as I Imagine Lindbergh
felt when he landed in France,"
said the aviator today.
Hinkier began his flight from
Croydon February 7 and landed
at his various destinations along
the way always on time. He had
no engine trouble.
Congratulations have poured" in
to Port Darwin from various parts
of the world. He was the guest of
honor at a dinner by citizens to
night and hlushingly remarked
that he did not deserve it when
informed that the naval and mili
tary club of Melbourne had start
ed a movement with the object of
having the commonwealth govern
ment make him a grant of 10,000
pounds.
NIP YOUNG CRIME RING
Seattle Lads Arrested After Nu
merous Small Robberies
SEATTLE, Feb. 22. (AP) A
long series of robberies was solved
today, -police said, with the arrest
of six youths under 19 years of
age ana me nnaing of manyl
household articles In a ramshackle
"club house" under a bridge In an
outlying part of the city.
Five of the youths have admit
ted complicity in some of the 50
roDoeries creaitea to tnem, au
thorities reported.
ELECTION IN DEADLOCK
Two Parties Practically Tied In
Japanese National Tote
TOKYa Th. 23, (Thursday)
(AP). The two major political
parties of Japan appeared dead
locked as the last scattering re
turns from Monday- election tric
kled In today. Home office fig
ures, the only official ones ob
tainable claimed a seiyukal or
government party victory by three
seats while varnacular papers de
clared it was anybody's race until
the last vote had been counted.
MARINES HAVE SUCCESS
Warfare In Nicaragua Continues,
According to Report
MANAGUA, Nicaragua. Feb. 22
(AP). United States marines
in three encounters with small
bands In the Jlnotega region with
in the last 24 hours hare killed
four rebels and wounded several
without themselves receiving a
icratch.
FINE FOR PANCAKES, BUT "KLNDA" HARD ON THE TREE
Coinbating Fraudulent
MORNING, FEBRUARY 23. 1928
phiLlips case
said critical
ATTORNEY TAKEN TO HOSPI
TAL LATE IX EVENING
Lawyer Had Been In Good Health;
Cause of Condition Not
Learned
C. B. Phillips, prominent local
attorney, was at the Willamette
sanitarium last night in critical
condition, it was reported.
Little is known about the case
except that late in the evening an
ambulance was called to the Bligh
building, where Mr. Phillips has
an office, and that the attorney
was taken to the sanitarium. At
tendants there declined to give out
any Information about the case,
but from other sources it was
learned that It was of a critical
nature.
Mr. Phillips had been in good
health, and the cause of his condi
tion last night could not be learn
ed officially. The attending physi
cian, Dr. G. E. Prime, was work
ing with the patient and could not
be summoned to the telephone.
Mr. Phillips has been promin
ent here both as an attorney and
in civic affairs, being particular
ly active as a sportsman. He is
president of the state game pro
tective association, and was re
cently mentioned as a possibility
for city attorney when the appoint
ment to that office was before the
city council.
He has been a resident of Sa
lem for about six years. He holds
the' degree of doctor of Jurispru
dence.
SPENCER INAUGURATED
New University of Washington
President Installed
SEATTLE, Feb. 22. (AP) A
"common sense program" bring
ing "to every boy -or girl an op
portunity, but to no boy or girl
an opportunity beyond his de
serts." will be followed by Dr.
Matthew Lyle Spencer as presi
dent ot the University of Wash
ington, he said, today In his In
augural address.
This policy, ha explained, means
a rigid weeding out at the end of
the freshman and sophomore
years, to confine higher courses to
the more capable students and to
abolish the "evils of mass educa
tion." Participating in the Inaugural
ceremonies were 18 university
presidents and representatives of
more than 100 institutions oi
learning in all parts of the world.
Si ..
BROADCAST RADIO TALK
Conversation Across Atlantic
Ocean Heard by Listeners
SCHENECTADY, N. T., Feb. 22
(AP). Rsdlo broadcast listen
ers here were able to hear a two
way radio telephone communica
tion between the United States
and England. They also heard
the broadcast In the United States
of a phonograph record after the
music had made a 6000 mile
round trip across the Atlantic.
Advertising; Salem Was Their Host Last Night
mm
DEED
RICHER
E
W. E. Lee, Resident of Clear
Lake District, Found
Dead In Lone Cabin
SUFFERING SAID CAUSE
Body Found By Girls, Close
Friends of Deceased; Note Re
fers to His Financial Afairs
And Illness
W. E. Lee, 71, who has lived in
Marion county for many years and
a resident on the Frank Lyniff
place in the Clear Lake district for
the past several years, yesterday
afternoon got out his double bar
reled shotgun and loaded it.
Sitting down upon the bunk of
his bachelor's cabin he removed
the shoe and sock from his right
foot. Taking a piece of cord, he
tied one end around his big. toe
and the other around the trigger
of his shotgun. Deliberately he!
pointed the muzzle of the gun at
his head.
A jerk, and it was all over.
Shot Heard Early
Several persons who happened
to be near the place1 remembered
later in the day that they had
beard a shot at about 2:30 in the
afternoon. They attached no par
tirular significance to it at the
.line, but later believed that this
was the shot that ended Lee's life.
The body was first found by Le-
ona Orey, IS year old daughter of
Adam Orey, who operates the Lyn-
ff place upon which Lee had his
cabin and upon which he some
times worked. The place is sltuat
ad near theWiilamette river and
about 10 miles north of Salem.
Girls Find Body i
Leona Orey and two other girls
went to the cabin late in the aft
ernoon, and found the corpse lying
peacefully upon the bunk. The
young girl and the old man are
said to have been fast friends, she
being a frequent visitor at his
place.
A note penned in rustic phrase
ology was lying near at hand, and
by means of it Lee declared his in
tention that she should have ev
arything he possessed. The note
read:
"Leona:
"The dump Is yours. Do as you
please with it. Tools and all, and
what little money there is in the
bank book In my coat pocket.
"Good bye, everybody.
W. E. Lee."
Below this was scrawled the
statement. "I am suffering too
much to stay."
The bank book to which the
(Continued en p( 7.)
REVEAL FAKE ACCOUNTS
Books of Overbeck and Cooke Ex
amined by Receiver
PORTLAND. Feb. 22. (AP)
The discovery of a manner of
trading accounts, allegedly fictit
ious, carried on the books of the
bankrupt Overbeck and Cooke
brokerage house, was announced
today by Joseph O. Gillihgham, re
ceiver for the wrecked firm, and
Henry Kelssenbeck, examiner for
the state corporation commission.
Publication of the lists of cred
itors of the bankrupt comnanv
brought several persons to the of
fices of the company today ner-
sons who declared they had closed
out tbeir accounts months ago.
These accounts, GUUngham stated,
snow a number or recent transac
tions in stocks and train. Thev
can be classed only as fictitious ac
counts, the receiver declared.
HAVANA MEET "FUTILE"
Mexican Newspaper Brands On.
Sress as Complete Failure)
MEXICO CITY, Feb. 22. (AP)
-The newspaper Excelsior editor
ially pronounced the Pan-Ameri
can conference at Havana a "com
plete failure, more futile than It
predecessors.' .
All 'the Pan-American confer
ences, it declares, have served on
ly to Impair the rights of Latin
America whlls ths power , of ta
United States has tr!amphd, ' ;
- At Havana, the same as at pre
ceding conferences, the rations
Latin American countries, la .the
opinion of Excelsior, did net pre
sent a solid front and were- not
united In their desires, ,"This,'
adds the paper, "demonstrates the
absolute lmpos$.11IUy' 9t ths ex
istence of the Fan-American Ism as
a resulted orgejzaUon of the
contrary tendencies ot the people
NDS 01
WITH SHOTGUN
CHARITIES SHOW
PROVES POPULAR
STYLK SHOW OUTSTANDING
EVKNT AT ARMORY
Will Be Set to Music Tonight;
Dancing Classes Iresent
Numbers
The Associated Charities' show
will enter its second night at the
Salem armory this evening with
one of the most elaborate style
shows ever seen in Salem sched
uled as the chief attraction.
The men's glee club from Wil
lamette university will be a spe
cial event of the show, which be
gan last night and will continue
through Saturday with a complete
cnange of program each night.
The style show tonight will be
"set" to music, a novel arrange
ment which tbe sponsors say will
be seen here tonight for the first
time. Mrs. Mack's shop, assisted
by the Man's shop, will present
tnis leature.
Twelve pupils from Mrs. R. L.
white s dancing classes were Dre
sented last night in numbers
which met with the delight of
those present.
Each evening there will be free
dancing for all those who enJov
this pastime, with music furnished
by a local orchestra. In addition
to the program there are regular
carnival sideshows to round out
the evening's entertainment.
The entire show is being aiven
to secure funds for the Associated
Charities to carry on their work
among the poor and needr of the
city, from whom there is now an
extra urgent demand for assist
ance. Miss Mae Young is secre
tary of the organization and she.
together with W. F. Browning,
member of the Charities' board of
directors who has donated liber
ally of his time and show equip
ment, has worked hard and care
fully In providing entertainment
that will please.
Music for the entire four niahtf
Is being donated until 10 o'clock
by the Musicians' association of
Salem, the Salem Band playing
tbe last night. Ivan Martin is in
charge of the musical arrange
ments, while tbe entertainment
committee consists of Archie Holt
and Harry Levy. G. E. MaeDonald
is acting as announcer.
A number of booths also have
been arranged by local firms and
contain attractive displays of in
terest to all visitors. The F. N.
Woodry store has an exhibit of
stoves 'and furniture to one side
of the stage that received much
favorable comment the first even
ing.
The array of Meadow Lawn
(Continued on p( 7.)
DEATH FINALLY ATTAINED
Dies of Exhaustion After Two Sui
cide Attempts Fail
LOS ANGELES. Feb. 22.
(AP). Henry C. Smith, 84 year
old Civil war veteran today put
his last quarter into a gas meter,
turned on all the jets, swallowed
three poison pills and then died
from exhaustion.
After Smith deposited his last
26 cents In the gas meter, some
thing went wrong with it. police
Investigators said, so he swallow
ad the poison which he has been
carrying in his pocket for 20
rears. The poison was so old It
had lost most of Its potency but
the old fighter's strength gave
out and from exertion and sheer
weariness he lay down and died.
NOW HE'LL MARRY HER
Young Illinois Farmer Rays He
Still Lores Injured Girl
OTTAWA, 111.. Feb. 22 (AP)
Declaring he still loves Miss Iola
Bradford, a country school teacher
who was severely injured when a
stick of dynamite exploded after
she lighted the fire in the school
stove, November 29. Hiram Reed,
on trial here for tbe bombing will
ask her to marry him tomorrow.
If the'eourt will permit him.
Reed's attorneys made this an
nouncement tonight after a recess
of the trial had been taken at
noon, following completion of the
Jory.
While Miss Bradford has tnd!
cated she no longer lover Reed,
she said she would be In court to
morrow and If the court allows
Bead to testify then, she will hear
him make his proposal of mar
rfage
ASK FERRY PRECAUTIONS
Gates to Bo ; firected ; to Prevent
, Crowds Moving Forward V
SAN FRANCI8CO, Feb." 22
(AP) Latticework gates prob
ably, will be placed on the ferry
boats Peralta and Yerba Buena, to
keep passengers 40 feet from the
bows and thereby prevent reoccur
rence of the peralta accident. Key
Route officials announced today,
. . Ths list of missing from the SO
passengerx who wera swept over
board'Hast week into the, bay re
mained at five today. A woman's
body sighted floating In: the" bay
Ik..'
Twenty-one prisoners recently dug their
way out ot the Detroit jail. This will give
some of our ultra-liberals the opportunity
to demand Jails which will be so pleasant
the prisoners won't want to leave.
PRICE FIVE CENTS
TO POSTOFFICE
Plans Now Being Drawn In
Washington For Federal
Structure Hece
CARRIER SPACE NEEDED
Appropriation Will Not Be Avail.
aWe Until July 1; Two Car
riers Recently Added,
Blore XeetlcHl 800 u
Plans which have been formu
lated quietly over a period , of
months came to light here Wed
nesday when It was learned that
an addition to tbe Salem poet
office building Is to be erected
this year to take care of the rapld
idly expanding postal business
which Is handled here.
Postmaster J. H. Farrar re
ceived a letter Wednesday from
Congressman W. C. Hawley in
which it was stated that the final
plans for this addition are about
30 per cent completed and that
they will not be finished for about
three months.
The communication also stated
that the appropriation for enlarg
ing the building would not be)
ready until July 1.
Amount Not Learned
The postmaster was out of the
city Wednesday afternoon, so that
it was not possible to learn Jast
how much of an appropriation is
to be expended on this project. It
is believed to be at least $20,000.
The addition will probably bo
erected on the Bite of the present
small addition at the east side of
the original postoffice building
This addition was built abont
fire years ago.
Space Badly Needed j .
The space to be provided" tbisT"
year 'will be for the purpose ot
orovlding much needed room for
handling city mail. Recently two
new carriers have been employed
and there Is really no place for
the mall stand for the last one
(Continued on pc 7.)
OFFICERS GUARD
CHICAGO MAYOR
RKIGN OF TERROR DECLARED
TO EXIST IX CITY
Political Faction Headed by "Big
Bill" Thompson Have Homes
Watched by Armed Men
CHICAGO, Feb. 22. (AP
Adherents of the political faction
headed by Mayor William Hale
Thompson and Robert E. Crewe,
state's attorney, were described
news stories tonight as t
stricken with armed guards f
ed about their homes, not kno
who would be the next on jl
bombing list.
Frank J. Loesch, head of the
crime commission, conferred with
Police Commissioner Michael
Hughes and reported the police de
partment head had admitted "tbe
police are without clues; we dost
know where to start."
Among the homes under police
guard tonight were Mayor Thosap- -
son; state's Attorney urowe;
Charles C. Flttmorris, city comp
troller; Commissioner Hughes;
Bernard P. Barasa. former mun
icipal Judge; Daniel A. SerrlteUa,
city sealer and Dr. William II.
Reid.
The homes of Fitsmorrls and
Reid were first of the Thompson
administration men to be bombed.
Then followed an attack upon tbe
undertaking establishment over -which
resides Municipal Judge
John Sbarbaro, formerly an assist
ant under Crowe and an attack up
on an apartment house in which
resides Lawrence Cuneo. brother-in-law
and secretary to Crowe.
"Scarface Al" Capone was re
ported to have returned to Chicago
a week ago and sines to have bes
the object of a concentrated poIVw
search.'. : -
What-Salem Girl -
- -. . - - . f .
Doesn't Want -
A Vacation? V
v;". '. - -.- T .... -
Twelve weeks visiting eoat
citleer llof them. fa all, with
IS a, week and transportation
paid, --:'- - ' v - ' y"'
- How can-It be done? v Look
fer the answer 'la Friday
morning's GREEN MARKET
SECTION of " The - Oresea
Statesman, ' ' , .
' And watch ; for : the r Green
Matinee '-coupon. : The - pictnro
Is 8orrell and Son" at the r
BUILD AODITIOrJ
3
sinere, '
of this continent-- -
had not been recovered, ' '.
1
state penitentiary, , " - -
. 1 ' '' . " - -' ' '