S
Salem Is Oregon's Baby Chick Industry Center and a Booming Poultry District
THE OREGON STATESMAN FARMING AND INDUSTRIAL MAGAZINE SECTION.
fWM M MILK
GOATS GO TOGETHER
Imiogemer are very iiiue irouDie.
But, to get back to the grass
problem. The quick-growing
one tmng tnat impressed me in Juicy grass of the English pastures
studying the problems of English is very much liked by goats. The
poultry-keepers was the fact that herd of milk goats is pastured first
there is not in many parts of the jQ one poultry-yard for a day and
country enough milk for poultry- then in another. The goats keep
feeding. I know the same thing the grass down beautifully.
is true in some poultry districts in . ,
, Inexpensive Shelter
tbb country. I 1 ,
Practically all English poultry- Tbere ls rce,7 a Poultry plant
farmers operate their poultTy that does not haTe some Bhed or
farms on a permanent gross-sod poultry-house, some part of which
basis, and that is a most useful not be needed daring winter
factor in making poultry-keeping Thia d for ,tne oatg-
successf ul. However, iln7 England, In summer they need little housing
as well as in this country, the Jt a shelter that will protect
problem comes up: "How can one them from tne torms.
pnnmicaiiv kn th trraas under)
control?" It must be kept mowed goat-breeders to mate their ani
down. so that the grass will be mais in the fall, as goats are much
short', fresh and Juicy, if poultryilike sheep in regard to natural
is to make real use of it.
Thia fact has been a consldera-,
tion in working out the experiment'
of which I Sm to tell you. I
At the National Institute of
Poultry Husbandry, the milk goat;
has been called in as a possible
aid in solving the two-fold diffi
culty. I think possibly you will
be interested, first, to "know what
sort of goats are being found use
ful in this regard. There are
three breeds in use at the Insti
tute, and these three are numbered
among the most important popu
lar breeds in the country general
ly. The British Toggenburg Is rep
resented, and it la well-known
throughout the country as a re
liable, hardy, good-milking exam
ple of the smaller-size goats. The
Toggenburg, a native of Switzer
land, is a popular breed of milk
goat in the United States. Milk
of the Toggenburg is fairly rich,
richer than milk of most dairy
breeds.
There are a half-dozen English
Saanens, pure white goats, also
originally from Switzerland. These
Saanens, on the average, have
somewhat surpassed the Toggen
burgs in quantity of milk, but not
in quality. The Saanens have been
found the best possible type for
this particular purpose that of
milk for use principally in poultry
securing the largest quantity of
feeding.
There is also the so-called Brit
ish Swiss black goats with a bit
of white on the extremities. These
two goats have also done well at
the inilk-pail. Out in the country,
one finds many Nubian goats,
more or less lop-eared types, orig
inating in Egypt and those parts
of the world.
Many English poultry-keepers
here have found the keeping of a
few goats insures a constant,
fresh supply of very fine milk for
th uses of the family, cream
where none was afforded before
and a useful lot of skim-milk tor
chicken-feeding. It has long been
recognized that goat milk is ex
iient for babv-feeding. One
thing seems to be sure, and that
Is that rarely, if ever, does one
find tuberculosis among milk
coats. Goat milk, then, is safe to
depend on for infant feeding.
I found the average mL'k flow
Baby
Chicks
B. W. D. TESTED CHICKS
Bya Bads, Anconaa; 17c 'by tat
thousand. Leghoraa 14Vt 7
thousand. Jtlaorcas 20c by tba tnou
aaad. Buff OrplagtOM $24.00 per
hundred. Free catalog give pricti on
mailer lota and instruction on car
f cfcicka.
FLAKE'S PETCAND
-73 Stata St.
of goats at the institute to be from
two to four quarts of milk a day.
The does are milked morning ana
evening. They are usually very
easy to milk, soon learn to stand
very quietly during milking, and
It is generally customary for
season of reproduction. The ges-
tation period of the milk goat is
about five months. This means
that goats mated in late fall will
drop their kids somewhere about
February or March, which Is quite
ui, " 7 -"-
goats to suppiy mm ior me oauy
chicks.
The goats at the institute have
all dropped twins, with one excep
ton, and she, a Black Swiss goat,
gave triplets. Goats are generally
fairly prolific. We found it best
to dispose of the little male kids
at birth, as there is very little sale
for them, and one should not un
dertake to raise them at a certain
expense, only to find them unsal
able later on,
The young femare kid, if well-
fer to rais them, after the first
t o weeks, on a bottle, thus mak
ing it possible to force along the
mother for milk yield and allow
the youngster only a part of her
supply. The kids soon learn to eat
crushed oats and grass and re
quire less and less milk.
The does should not be bred un
til they are about 18 months of
age, although some are bred at
younger age. It is wise to let
them attain some size and develop
ment before bringing them into
milk-
IS
Gasco Briquets Considered
Better Heating Fuel Than
Anthracite Coal
With the coming of the baby
chick season the problem arises
among the chicken raisers as to
just what fuel to use to heat the
brooder during the dangerous age
of the new hatched chick. Gasco
briquets handled by the Hillman
Fuel company of Salem have
proved to be the most practical
fuel for brooder heating now on
the market. Heretofore anthra
cite coal has been used for heat
because of Its high carbon content
clean and smokeless burning qual
ities. All anthracite coal had to
be shipped from the east and Colo
rado at a high freight rate which
necessitated a high retail price
here.
The Gasco briquets, made In
Portland, have even a higher car
bon content than the anthracite
coal, being tested at 95 per cent
carbon. The briquets are so made
. . I . A IV
tnat mere is no lnromousuoie ma
terial In them, which Insures 100
per cent heat and no ash. They
are proving popular on the coast
as the cost per ton ls much less
than anthracite coal and they
BRIQUET
FUEL FOR BROODER
T
FILL LAYERS
The production of all poultry
flocks during the. summer and fall
is normally on the decline. We
expect the flock to quit laying
then that is Nature's plan. She
would, of her own accord, furnish
us with a nice flock of culls that
would produce during the spring,
then go broody and finally rear a
family of chicks. We do not want
such stock, however, and our aim
must be to have stock that will na
turally produce during the season
most desirable to us namely, the
summer and fall.
1 can't emphasize the import
ance of summer and fall eggs too
much. A survey of some com
mercial farms in New Jersey has
shown that the gross value of eggs
on well-nfanaged farms is greater
during the summer and fall than
any other season of the year, even
though the total production of
eggs is not the greatest at that
season.
August was tne most profitable
month of the year on these farm3
The main reason for this, of
course, is the rising egg price. The
general trend of egg prices has al
ways been upward during the sea
son of hot weather and scare sup
ply, and it will always be so. For
that reason, the summer-and-fall
egg idea is fundamentally sound
and is bound to have real economic
value.
We have all been chasing the
winter egg. Winter production
has its place, and it has received
much attention. But egg prices
are not holding up throughout the
winter so well as they should, and
with the steady Increase in pro
duction on the Pacific Coast the
chances are that the future will
see a lower winter price, relative
ly, than we have had in the past.
Increase in summer and fall
production will not be likely to
have quite the same effect on the
market as an increase in the win
ter production, chiefly because of
the fact that the weather condi
tions are unfavorable for the
handling of eggs during the sum
mer months, and the matter of
quality will always make it pos
sible for a high-grade egg to com
mand a fair price.
And another thing (to quote
Anriv rSnmnl it 1 mnrh onsior tn
increase the winter supply of fresh
eggs on the market than to in
irsH the (trimmer and fall sun
nlv DiBtanca from market la not:
much of a factor during cold wea -
ther, while it is important during
hot weather. All indications are
that the summer and fall market
of the future will be the best and.
therefore, the aim of all progres
sive poultrymen should be to cater
to it.
Magic In Motet Mash
How ls summer and fall pro
duction to be increased? To be
gin with, the body weight of lay
ers must be maintained through
out the spring, particularly with
pullets. It is our practise at the
New Jersey Experiment Station to
feed a moist mash for this pur
pose. This mash consists of equal
parts of cornmeal, roiled oats and
a semi-solid buttermilk. With
this is mixed enough water to
make-the feed crumbly.
We feed from three to five
PRDFITftBLE
PROVE THE SUMMER
m
MORLEY'S
Boys' and Girls' Shop
Infants and Children's
Ready-to-wear
227 North High
pounds of this mixture daily to!
. i . j i
each 100 birds, depending upon
the size and appetite of the birds. J
They are always given what they)
will eat at one feeding period of!
of about 20 minutes. This method
is followed throughout the winter;
and spring, and 'sometimes into.
the summer. When laying falls
below 50 per cent, however, the
regular dry mash is used instead
of this moist mash. I
In addition to the mash, some
milk is fed in a paste form to the
birds direct this is, during the
hot summer weather when laying!
normally is poor. Dry mash is
available at all times throughout
the -year and grain is fed daily
from ten to twelve pounds per 100
birds. Codllver oil is arSo added
to the moist mash ut the rate of
one quart per 1,000 birds daily.
Even the best practices will not
do more than add a few eggs.
however. Real results will de
pend upon breeding back of the
birds, and that is the biggest prob
lem. A Btudy made at the New
Jersey Experiment Station, of
birds laying on October 1, showed
that out of 514 White Leghorns in
laying condition. 312 of them laid
over 200 eggs during the past
year, 105 laid between 175 and
200 eggs and 97 laid below 175
eggs. That is to say, 80 per cent
of the group laid over 175 eggs,
which is not a bad record.
At the same time and in the
same flock there were 145 birds
not laying. Of this group,, 26
laid over 200 eggs, 23 between 175
and 200, and 97 below 175 during
the year. That is to say, only 30
per cent of these birds laid over
175 eggs. One group was com
posed largely of birds that were
not only laying late in the fall
they had also laid during the year,
or they would not have been able
to go above 175 eggs.
Birds Inherit Ability to Lay
The other group consisted of
birds that did not lay in fall, nor
did they lay at any time during
the year. If they had they would
have been in the 200-egg group or
very near it. The few that had
produced over 175 eggs were
probably small birds that had in
herited the ability to lay but did
not have the stamina to carry on
their good work. The fall layers,
then, must have been the good
birds of the flock. They not only
laid when eggs were high, but they
had been producing throughout
the year. They had inherited lay
ing ability.
Along with the matter of proper
feeding during the fall. then, goes
the use of birds of proper breed-
" &eieci lor "
producing alter uciouer i ai iuc
end of their laying year. Cull out
of these the birds that are under
l"" for tne breed' or. that show
outstanding points of weakness.
This will remove moat of the birds
that laid under 173 egss the pre
vious year or that laid over 200
but have not the desired physical
characteristics. Mate such birds
to cockerels that have the de
sired physical make-up and whose
pedigrees for several generations
are known. This practice will in
time produce a strain of birds that
will be summer and fall layers'as
a matter of necessity, provided
they have the food. Production
will be as natural to them as roost
ing. Karlylatched Pullots
One other method of boosting
summer and fall laying is to have
"HYGIENIC CHICKS:'
We ar speialiainj on eood quality
HYGIENIC" day old hieka. R. I.
Rede, B. Rofk. W. Hocks, Tiott Orp..
Black JereeT Oiante. and White
horaa. AU.'flocki tolled for B.W.U.
ilio accredited. Write for eircalar.
s Try oar. chicks
The Willamette Valley
Hatchery
W. E. Park. .Prop.
C7 S. 24th St, SALEM, OKKOOX
BABY CHICKS AND
. HATCHING EGGS
Fourteen Varietie froai parent stack
OKFICIAU.Y TESTE AND OOTCI
ALLY APfKOVKD. Our prices arc ia
aeeard with oar high quality- "Oar tree
2-4 psje ratalopu tell why.
? CUSTOM HATCHING
Last ffun we euatom hatched
I ."0.000 baby chirk. We know hew to
eet brtt results with oar 47.000 er
Smith Incubators. Let experts do your
LEE'S HATCHERY
Phone 153F2
a flock of early hatched pullets
that will begin laying absut July L,
These birds will be profitable pro
ducers of small eggs during thj
summer and fall, but will in all
probability take a rest during the
early winter. They make valuable
birds for breeders the following
spring, provided one needs to have
some early-spring or late-winter
hatching eggs. They can not bs
selected closely, however, as one
has not had time to test them out
for a full year.
Of the three possible methods of
increasing the summer and fall
laying, the one of breeding into
the stock the ability to lay and
keep at it is probably the most
important. It is also the hardest
to do and the thing which most
people will probably fall down on.
It takes a persistent poultryman to
develop a strain of persistent lay
ers, whereas most any one can fol
low a feeding schedule or hatch
his chicks earlier. Keener com
petition is going to force some
people out, however, and the man
with the persistent layers will cer
tainly be the last man out.
Candles give the most attrac
tive lighting for the dining room.
Their -height depends on the size
of the holders, tall candles are
best in low standards and shorter
ones in those of average height.
The candles, always ushaded, are
lighted before the guests enter the
room.
Now is the time to sow red
clover on fall sown grain to give
it an early start. If sown on
frozen ground or before a heavy
rain the seed usually becomes cov
ered but harrowing is necessary
if sowing is ou dry ground.
Usually 10 to 12 pounds per acre
are broadcast.
Six Leading Varieties
Hoooin-
EALEM CHICKXEIES
Phone 400 Sale, Or.
64 H. Cottaca Street
THE BFST
BROODER
FUEL
is
Gasco Briquets
Priced
$17.50
Per Ton
FOB Our Bunkers
No Ashes Clean Burning
They're AH Heat
HILLMAN FUEL
COMPANY
Phone 1855
Yard Office 1405 Broadway
prove more satisfactory.