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About The Oregon statesman. (Salem, Or.) 1916-1980 | View Entire Issue (March 31, 1927)
THURSDAY MORNING'MARCH 31, 1927; 11 CpmiiciiniMaitioini of ; tfte v Slogan Page: jject This Week, fife Head-Ittoce' THE OREGON STATESMAN, SALEM, OREGON Sub SOME LETTUCE LORE FRDW1 THE OAC CONTAINED IN THE LATEST BULLETIN r$e importance of the CropThe Climatic Conditions Most buited me soil Types Adapted Growing the r Croo Cultivation. Irriaation and Fertilzers. Etc. w w - - w (Circular 203 is the latest bul letin of the Oregon Agricultural College on "Growing and Market ing Head Lettuce," and the fol lowing are the main paragraphs of this bulletin:) During the last few years there bas been considerable interest in tbe northwest in the growing and shipping of head lettuce, and the number of cars which hare been shipped has increased considera bly. Lettuce is a vegetable which is widely consumed during the en tire year, and there seems to be a very good market for western grown lettuce, especially the crop which is marketed during the fall. Climatic Conditions Cool weather has a tendency to make lettuce grow and head bet ter, producing also a finer quality than otherwise. Sudden, warm dry spells cause Up burn, which sometimes results in rot. Moder ately warm days are useful in causing a rapid growth of young plants and also In stimulating the solidity of the heads. The weath er which prevails during May and Jane for the spring crop and dur ing September and October for the fall crop, is most satisfactory for the production of solid, disease free heads. The effect of. hot weather tends to cause the lettuce to go to seed before making a sol id product. Evidence of hot weather in various lettuce grow ing regions has shown that a few days of intensely warm weather has practically ruined the crop in tbe district in wnicn is was grown. he young plants can stand con siderable frost during their early Zrowtta, but later on, when the it is best for their future quality that they be not subject to frost. There is no definite injury, how ever, due to frost, but it possible the bulk of the crop should be cut before any cold, frosty nights pre vail in the fall. Soil Types Adapted A varipfy of soils, providing they are fertile, can produce good let-tiK-o, but it Is necessary that any soil be well supplied, either na turally or artificially, with humus. Orw&nic soils, in the form of well ed muck land, such as beaver f soils and similar types pro duce fine lettuce. This is largely due to the moisture which these soils are capable of holding. Rich, sandy loam soils that can be irri gated also are valuable. Those soils that pack bard or are in clined to be cloddy, will not grow lettuce consistently year after year. : All soils with the possible exception of the muck, need con stant enriching with well rotted manure and oftentimes a com mercial fertilizer Is productive of a greater yield. Growing the Crop. .Seeding and transplanting. There are two ways of growing lettuce for market, one by sowing the seed directly into the ground where the crop is to grow, this work being done with a hand seed er, sowing m to 2 pounds of seed per acre. It is customary to sow the seed about three months be fore it is desired to cut the crop. On ordinary soils the seed should not be covered any -deeper than half an inch. The distance be tween the rows is usually about 18 inches. The fall crop of lettuce Is usual ly started by sowing directly in the field, while the spring crop is of ten grown by - the transplanting method. Ample room is neces sary for the proper development of the heads, so that they should not stand in the row any longer together than 10 or 12 inches. The early crop in the spring is oftentimes grown by starting young plants in hotbeds during early February and transplanting the plants to the field during the latter part of March, or when the young plants have three to four pairs of leaves and are from six to eight weeks old. Under ordinary circumstances, It will take about 2 to 3 weeks for the young plants to be large enough to be first transplanted, after which they will grow in the hotbed for at least kxk to 5 weeks, which would make them about eight weeks old by the time they are ready to be transplanted In the field. Hot beds or small green houses are used for growing the young plants. A mimeograph setting forth the construction and management of a manure-heated hotbed, as well as the construction of a small greenhouse, 'are . obtainable, from the Clerical Exchange, O. A. C. Cultivation A small cultivator equipped with gasoline power will work" quickly between the rows and do the work of cultivation quite well. - Other wise hand cultivation must be used, preferably every eight or 10 days. ' Irrigation Unless the spring season is dry, it is not Usually necessary for any irrigation for the spring crop, but water is necessary for the fall erop, . which must be started by seeding directly in the open ground usually about the 10th to the 25th of July. Some growers in the state use both methods of irrigation,, some applying their water by. gravity and others with the overhead mist system. Irri gation undoubtedly has a tenden cy to influence the solidity of the heads, increases the number of No. 1 grade "heads, and help to prevent-tip burn. Jt also keeps in the soil a uniform amount of moisture for the needs of the crop throughout the growing season, which is extremely important in order to have a good quality of lettuce and prevent it from becom ing bitter. Where Irrigation is possible, also; another crop may precede the fall crop of lettuce or a crop may follow the spring crop of lettuce. Fertilizers Barnyard manure Is conceded by the majority of growers to be the first consideration as far as fertilizers are concerned. Soils that are not well supplied with fertilizers will make very small heads and an unsatisfactory crop, which will -not meet market re quirements. Commercial fertiliz ers oftentimes are useful in in creasing the yield, through the size and quality of the heads. A mixture of 150 to 200 pounds of nitrate of soda, 300 to 350 pounds of super-phosphate, and 125 to 150 pounds of potash, may be broadcasted before seeding and lightly Worked into the top surface of the soil. Sometimes this fer tilizer i3 divided into two parts, half of it being applied before seeding or transplanting and half used as a top dressing later on after the plants are growing nice ly. It would be well for those us ing commercial fertilizer to try out a small portion of this on their lettuce ground, using a small area of the ground as a check against that area which received the com merciaal fertilizer. Thinning If the seed has been planted di rectly in the ground it will be necessary to thin according to the distances which have been previ ously mentioned so that the plants stand 10 to 12 inches apart in tho row. W UN G TED H HAVE BIB HEAD S WILL LETTUCE IfJDUSTRY A Hundred Thousand Acres and More That Will Finally Be come a Veritable Garden and Orchard and Lawn Where the Dry Season Will Give Opportunity With Use of Water to Make Country Beautiful and Prosperous Our Ads Business Getters! The head-lettuce industry ought to be extended on a major scale into the " Santiam irrigation dis trict, and no doubt will be. . Water being available during the dry season for -these lands, an opportunity is given for the grow ing of all kinds of products, re gardless of the season of the year when each crop matures. Head lettuce will form an Im portant crop in that district some day, and the time for this ought to come soon; ought to be hur ried Experiments . have already been made, showing that the lands there will produce under irrigation and the proper fertilization and cultur al methods a head lettuce ot ex cellent quality. Head lettuce is a quick growing crop; within limits the quicker the better for quality production, making for a tender and crisp quality of the vegetable. With ample irrigation water, the conditions can be controlled mak ing for the desirable quick growth. Many Paying Crops The lands in the Santiam irriga tion district are showing excellent results with various crops. Ken tucky Wonder beans have pro duced at the rate of eight tons and more to the acre there. Our local canneries have contracted this year for about 175 acres of these beans, taking about 100 acres of the contracts on the San tiam irrigated tracts near West Stayton. The growers in that district get $70 to $130 a fon for their beans. The canneries pay them $70 to $75 a ton. The can nery managers prefer the beans grown there, on account of their high quality. Buyers come from the Portland markets and haul away the beans, paying fancy prices for fancy stock. Nearly every farmer in that irrigated dis trict grows some beans. Fine Quality Tomatoes Also, most of them grow some tomatoes. The canners pay them $15 to $18 a ton for their toma toes, and the fresh fruit dealers come and get them and pay as high as $60 a ton for their fancy tomatoes. The growers there can also pro duce (and some do produce) a fine quality of potatoes for the July, August and September mar kets, when the prices1 of good po tatoes are usually high. It is a good district, too, for late pota toes. Some of the best long line fine fiber flax produced in Oregon has been grown in this Irrigated dis trict. It is good flax land. There is water available for irrigating large as well as small fields - In fact, it is possible to bring under irrigation 100,000 acres of land between Salem and Mehama, going south to the Marion and Jefferson districts, and north over Salem prairie. Perhaps more than 100,000 acres. That is go ing to mean much for Salem and all this section in the course of time. Will mean -many new in dustries on the land and in the cities and towns. Some Big Profits Nearly every irrigation district farm&r around West Salem grows 80U.3 strawberries for the mar kets and such strawberries! Wonderful fruit. Big yields. There is Immense expansion com ing in the strawberry, industry there. Big profits for the grow ers, too. And they grow wonderful rasp berries both the reds and the blackcaps. And a large per acre yield, too. Some small fortunes are being made there by the grow ers of raspberries. Evergreen blackberries; too. With the use of irrigation, the limits of productiveness of these great pie berries of commerce are beyond belief. Eight, 10, 12 and more tons to the acre. And this is a prospective great onion country; with crops rivaling those grown on the beaverdam lands. Dairying, Live Stock And in dairying these irrigated lands are making a splendid show ing. And sheep breeding and the live stock industry generally. Visualize the future for that district. Thiirk of an Irrigated pasture in August or September. Note the green lawns around the state house and court house m Salem, and think what such a spectacle would be, when present ed with vast tracks with green things throughout tbe dry season here, .when for the lack of mois ture most fields and pastures are bare atd brown. And this Is not a mere fanciful figment of the imagination. It la " coming to pass; going 'to be realized In a vast section , contributing its an nual wealth to Salem and tbe sur rounding country and towns. COMMISSIONERS' COURT The following is the official publication of the record of claims before the Marion county commissioners court for the Mar. term, 1927, with the amount allowed, bills con tinned,, etc? according to the records, in the office of the county clerk. Road District No. 1 Ehlen. A., nails. etc.? 6.15 Schneider, Fred, building , bridge, etc. 9.60 Smith. J. T., shoveling dirt, etc . 11.40 Snyder, Henry A., building bridge, etc 8.00 Snyder, A. C, patrolman. 45.00 Road District No. 2 Bevens, C. F.. grading, etc. 18.00 Zelinka, Grager, do .-. 18.00 Zeek, Geo., do 6.40 Johnson, Albert, cleaning ditches 10.80 Spagel, Albert, grading.. 3.00 Boll. Ed. R., cleaning ditches .1.. 7.60 Jones, Grant, patrolman.. 36.50 Road District No. 3 Bridenstine, D. N., hauling gravel 2.25 Miller, Vernon, ditching, etc. 15.80 Whitney, A. C, dp 15.80 Miller, J. H., patrolman.. 66.35 Road District No. 4 Crate, Gusse, repairing fill . . 4.40 Smith, Will, hauling gra vel 66.00 Road District No. 5 Crite, Gus., repairing bridge.. 5.60 Buyserie,- J o e, hauling lumber 4.20 Buyserie, Leo, repairing fill 2.40 Faber, Ed repairing bridge 4.00 Davidson, Ralph, dragging road, etc 66.60 Davidson, James, aeting patrolman . 22.00 Road Dfetrirt No. O Dungey, Robert, ditching 3.73 Fahey, Virgal, do 3.73 Pewhirter, Wm., dragging road : . . 9.00 Wintermutte, Foster, do. 3.00 FaTiey, J. W-, patrolman . . 16.00 Road District No. 7 Jensen, P. E., work done by hired man ........ 44.00 Nosack. Frank, repairing bridge, etc. 8.00 Ditrick, John, do 8.00 Foumal, Charles, do .... 8.00 Rubens, Al., hauling gra vel 3.20 Collard, W. P., gravel. . . 2.00 57.10 63.37 15.00 8.00 9.00 3.20 3.20 3.20 1.60 6.00 32.20 8.00 18.00 6.40 1.87 1.87 3.74 18.00 12.00 12.80 30.00 35.00 10.50 12.00 12.00 12.00 Jensen, P. E., patrolman. . Road District No. 8 Alleman. A. D-., hauling. gravel Eder, John, do Y. ...... Eder, George, do Susee, J. J., grading . . . . Gibbons, P. E., ditching.. Gibbons, E. W., do ..... Aicher, G. J., hauling dirt Wilkinson, Dell, do Holverson; Chas., hauling dirt Dart, J. W., patrolman. . . Road District No. 84 Spokane, Portland & Se attle Ry Co., demur rage chgs Butterfield, Ed, dragging road Butterfield, Paul, ditching Forcier, Louis, dragging road Le Brun, Al, do ....... Manning, John, do Tweedie, Roy, hauling gravel McCormick, J. A., do. .. . Vincent. Chas.. shoveling gravel Wolfe. Wm.. hauling gravel Miller, Jake, dragging... Aline, Clarence, hauling gravel Miller. Henry, do Butterfield, Bert, do .... Eckhart, Frank, do Wengenroth, Albert, spreading gravel 16.80 Krebs. Wm., shoveling gravel ; w . ; : . Krechter,- John E., grub bing Welter, Joe, blasting.... Havenden, Edwin, drag ging road Martz, Theo. do Eastman, Wm., cutting tree . .. , . . . , Nehl, Theo, hauling gravel Mccormick, James, pa trolman Road District No. 9 Nelson. A. K., lumber. . . Willig, C. L... grading... Van Cleave, Joseph A., patrolman Road District No. 13 Lawrence, J. B., filing saw Shepherd, Floyd, driving team Shepherd, Carl, grubbing. Shepherd, Otis, grading. . Hogg, W. T., patrolman . . Road District Xo. 13 Foss, Louis M., digging ditch, etc. . . Silver Falls Timber Co., drain tile Womack. Fred, patrolman Road District No. 15 Kuenzi. H. M.. patrolman Road District No. 1G Vachter, Adam, grading. . Vinton, G. W., patrolman Road District No. 17 Benson, Martin, filling holes . . . Hoover. C. A., patrolman. Road lMrH t No. 18 Anglo, D., shoveling dirt. Barkes, R. W., hauling dirt, etc Cole, Robt., patrolman . . 24.00,! 35.60 9.00 : - i 86.00 5.00 9.60 32.40 15.75 1.20. f2.60; 62.27 8.79 7.20 32.00 44.80 9.00 6.00 19.20. 60 00 64.00 .83 33.00 37.40 1.00 19.20 11.20 6.00 40.80 2.40 2.80 12.00 18.00 24.00 12.00 3.20 16.00 7.50 12.00 28.50 - Ifoad District No. lf Savage, Gilbert, cutting brush, etc. Savage, Willard, do . . Wells. J. C, hauling rock Pearmine, - W. G., patrol man '. . Road District No. SO Smith, Bert, hauling gra vel 24.00 Stabenow, W. A., pulling grader 6.00 Kapllnger, Wm. F., patrol man 10.00 Roa4 District No. 20 K (Fandrich, Aug., ditching. 22.40 i-andricn, Jjan., ao zz.iu Van Cleave, L. M., patrol man '. . Road District No. 21 Hoots, It., grading ...... MaQee, M. M., patrolman Road District No. 22 Hersch, Fred patrolman.. Road District No. 23 Adams Hardware Co., hinges .............. Archibald, Willard, run ning crusher and wood. Cladek's Garage, repair ing crusher winch .... King, Mrs. A. E., rock.. McKee, A. E., hauling gra vel 38.68 Weiss. L. F., do 64.35 Peters,' Geo., working in rock pit 14.40 Sutton. Frank, feeding crusher Colvin, Elmer, running winch 16.00 ' Hurt, Guy, spreading rock 7.20 Cramer, Nick, working in ' rock pit 12.80- Zuber, Eddie, do 12.80 VanNuys. S. L. do 12.S0 Lewis, Holley. do 12.80 Wilcox, Asa, do 3.20 .' Brown, Merrit, do 12.80 Brown, Elmer, do 12.80 Stoddard, Austin, do ... . 12.80 Nance, Troy, do 9.60 Johnston, C. G., do 22.40 Downing, C. C, spreading rock 4.80 King, Roy E patrolman. . 103.40 Road District No. 24 Zimmerman, Arnd, grad ing 3.00 Jstzel, S. J., hauling rock. 2.50 pVan Handel, J. B., patrol man 4.00 Road District No. 25 Jensen, H- P.. repair fres- no 2.00- Oregon Grain Co.,. caps and nails 2.55 ; Albus, Philip, blasting... 22.40 Steinkamp, Toney, hauling stumps, .... .75 Steinkamp, Henry, patrol- . man ;. . . 28.00 Road District No. 20 Denyer. LTwin. grading... 2.40 Denhem, W. Jay, patrol man 7.50 Road District No. 27 Fabry, John, patrolman.. 19.00 Road District No. 27 H Taylor, C. H.. patrolman, 4.00,- Road District No. 28 Westenhouse, W. W., pa trolman , 4.50 " Road IMatrict No. 28 Grettie. O. C, ditching.. 5.20 (Continued on. Page 12.) f t V 't : T ? V t t t y ? t ? V f T t BARGAINS Economy Department Second Floor CoflfioMated Barga'io Sale Visit This Sale Hundreds of pairs of dressy Pumps and Oxfords grouped here from all our stores for this tremendous Bargain Sale. Economy department, second floor. SALE STARTS TODAY BARGAINS Economy Department Second Floor See the Splendid Bargains A Selection of Splendid Style Values Up to $9.50 on Sale Now $3.95 Parchment calf novelty lace Oxfords. Dressy and built for service. All sizes. Sale price - $395 Patent pumps, strap and novelty step-ins. These formerly sold up to $9.00. For street or dress wear. Nothing better. Sale price..... ........ Nevermend Silk H Spring Shades, regular price $ 1 .00, While they last 2 Pairs $ -n .00 (Second floor) Step-in pumps in parchment kid French heels, very dressy. While they last Satin pumps, novelty strap effects and step-ins. Cuban and French heels for dress and spring street wear. f Values up to $9.50. While they last on sale at ...1 . $395 USTER E HOE TRY BUSTER BROWN FOR REAL SHOE ECONOMY .'''.. - . . . I T' T ?- T Y T t Y V ?' Y T r Y y' y.-: y y -y v. y V:. y y y ' v. t 35' i