1 liiTUuiAjO frksM Luit baLkiU.- OiikGON" A Ul-'- T w --. - t : SIXTH CONSECUTIVE YEAR For instance: Salem district has two counties , growing the isacred myrtle the only place it grows on this continent. What unique fact do you know about the district? Address articles to Slogan Editor, The Statesman will publish and award a prize each week for the best, essay submitted by a grade school pupil on : the industries scheduled on this page. THE DAILY STATESMAN dedicates one full page each week in the interests of one of the fifty-two basic industries of the Salem5 '(Ustrict. Letters and articles from boosters are solicited. -This is your page. Help boost Salem. care Statesman. i S LE They Work Well in Rotation, . twj. n:n:.. D.. HI Ml CULTIVATED Gi C PT IU riUUUUC d millMl ouaucia u iw,.ftiiu a " a mm a m m m mm I mm? " - l t Oregon Anotner Million Authority for Dry Beans (Following is Extension Ball tin 207 department of farm crops otihe Oregon Agricultural col lege, the' ajitpbeing Geo., R. Jlyalop,, professor of farm crops:) 1 Tlie f i5ftJ ifctan is one of the great topfyffjo&f of , the world.' Very few other edible seed crops produce'; more nutrition to the acre.' Beans represent one of the . world's most concentrated food products, and consequently are In great demand in places where it . is difficult to transport food. As .- a food Btuf f in mines,'; lumber camps, construction camps, on the frontier, and in the army , and . the navy, beans are always pop ' ular because of their immense . food value in comparison with their bulk and normal cost. A bushel of beans has a food value equivalent to 108 pounds of round steak, .. Beans are a splendid food crop to srow, and Oregon has never produced enough of them. Census . statistics of 1909 indicate that C 52 acres were planted to beans In ( Oregon in,; that year, with an average production of .72 pounds per capita of the total population. The ; production , for, the United for th same year was a little less . than 8 pounds per capita. Indicat ing that we are far below thfi av erage of the United States iu the production of beans.; We ,do not . produce nearly enough beans for our own needs, and there la a large bean consuming territory north of us that we might supply with this crop. -- Indications are that in 1917 Oregon will produce enough beans for her own use, if weather con ditions are favorable . and . the yields are- goodA We should not 'only extend our acreage of beans at. least to the point of supplying fully own needs, but should alo engage in the industry extensively . enough so that we may market rbe excess crop in the eastern and northern states. Beans are more concentrated and more valuable pound for pound than the ordinary grain They re valuable enough so that they may be' profitably shipped for consfderable "distances in nor maI-yeai,srTBeydnstitute a cul tivated, cash crop which is well suited 'to oar' Venditions, and for which there is usually a good market. , - - w iThe-ISoil and Its PreparatloriT When land is too poor to grow - little white beans, it is said to be too" poor to grow anything. The little navy type cf bean-, or the , biiBh field -been, grows very well on many soils that are exceed ingly poor, both in physical con dition and ia their supply of. plant food. . Beans grow sucessfully on red hill land, good white land, hlack land, and gray land. They do better, however, on soils that are . mellow, well drained and warm, such as sandy river bottom land It is not a good plan to make 4 heavy applications of t raw barn yard manure previous to planting beans. Early plowing 'is desir able With late plowing! the har row should usually follow the plow as closely as possible. 7 The noil for beans should be worked , down to a , fine, firm seed bed; fine in order that the roots may "properly permeate, the entire soil Preparing the land for beans should take place as early as pos wible.: Harowing at intervals of from 6 to 10 days from time the land Is plowed until it Is seeded. wiji save m nth weeding later on in some cases of . very badly run-down soils an application of acid phosphate M 100 : to 150 Pounds an acre, or in-some other .instances, an application of, calci um sulphate or gypsnmat 40 to 50 pounds an acre is likely to give sausiactory results with beans. Successful Varieties Hem The only types of beans that are likely to' be successful In the Willamette valley are certain eariy and uniform, maturing varl eties. Of these, the Lady Wash inrton is best for the heavier typos of soil. On the more tnel ES and. Western. Oregon Ought - Ul VXC J CAm ' wieinoas Aavisea Dy uonege low typos, the Mexican Tree bean is a splendid variety. The ilea Mexican is also a very, good va riety, and meets a: ready sale, es pecially in the western states. In Chosiug a variety of beaus, alawys choose one, if possible, that is un iform and that has small to me- dium sized seeds. The uniformity of maturity is very important be cause of our wet fall weather. The smaller sizes of beans are very much more In demand than the larger sizes; the white varie ties are more strongly . desired than the red ones. - Planting the Beans Seeding of beans takes place as early as possible after the ground warms up well and frost danger is over. Beans are usually seeded in rows 30 inches apart, and about 2 to 4 inches apart in the row, Under irrigated conditions, they are sometimes planted in double rows, with about 3-0 to. .16 Inches between the double row's. Under dryfarming conditions the rows are 4 to 6 feet apart and the plants G to 8 inches apart in the row. Beans are a good crop on summer fallow. They may be planted with a corn ''planter or with a regular bean planter; the small varieties are often planted with ordinary' grain drills. Plant ing in hills, io to 15 Inches apart in the row, is a common practice, with usually about 3 or 4 beans to . the - hill. Beans should be planted Just deep enough to in sure moisture for germination, which is usually about 2 inches. Methods of' Cultivation "' As soon as 'the beans emerge from the soil, cultivation should begin. The first cultivation should be thorough, stirring all the soil to a depth of -about 3 inches. Lat er cultivations 'must be made to kill weeds while they are still small. These cultivations may be' made . somewhat shallower - than the first. Beans'should never be cultivated when wet with dew or rain, as that is a means ot spread ing disease. , Harvesting 'Bonn Crop v The "crop is ready to harvest when the pod turns yellow, since the beans are' then in an advanced hard-dough stage. They" are os ually harvested with a bean har vester, although on small areas they are often pulled by hand. It is usually, not possiWe-. to cut beans satisfactorily with a mow ing machine or self-rake reaper, because the pods hang so close to the ground that this kind.-of ma chine cuts them and causes much loss. The Important thing Is to get the beans harvested as promptly as possible after they are mature- This is especially Im portant on red land which ia like ly to stain the beans-if they are left after the rainy season begins. j For a considerable acreage of beans, it is very desirable to ha've on hand a supply of hay caps. These are made of heavy tin- bleached muslin or light-weight canvass. 3 feet to3 feet-sauare. and either weighted at each corn er with a half DOiind to three- fourths pound weigfit, or fastened i si-n "ni wiifwa ugni staae. Blapk " nute. ' smalK Castings, con crete .weights, or ?vett. flat stones or pieces of heavy wood ray be tied to the cornew anything , in short, of sufficient weight to keep the eajj from blowing off. In" some respects It Is probably cheaper to use light stakes, which are tied up close to the corner of the hay cap. These stakes should bo notched on-the sides so they" may pushed Into the shock and will not slip ouj readily." Caps of this sort will kep the bean shocks dry and prevent spoilage in wet "aeJ sons, . ' - Thnsliing the RoaiiM As soon as Hli e bx&ns have dried out. so that they will thresh read ily, they roust be threshed at once or put under cover. They should be hauled to the machine on tight bdtomed, or' : canvass covered racks, so that there will be no shattering and loss of the high. pricea oean seed, wbcra there la - mat . uiucieni acreace, a lieaa tarerter should be purchased. Such ma-j chines are especially adapted to J threshing the pods, so that the t beans are all recovered from the straw, with a minimum number split or damaged. Where a regular bean thresher is not available, the beans are in i some cases threshed out with an ridinar5: tbre.wm? machine -with all ot the concaves removed and replaced with woodt-n blanks. The r grate bars mnt be covered with tin in order that no sharp corners are presented against whic hthe beans may strike. The cylinders should "be speeded very slowly, and In some instances it is neces sary to take out the cylinder teeth. The cylinder bars alone1 will-sufficiently thresh out the beans to do very good work. This is only possible. however, on beans which have matured very uniformly andf among which there are no late matured tough beans. Beans are also threshed out with flails or pounded out with forks: and in some instances they are spread out in a large circle and tramped out with live stock. The beans aftor being threshed should be put through a reelean er, and polisher, of which there are several kinds on the market. These machines sort, clean and brush off the dirt if any is pres ent and thus put the beans in an atractive condition for market. Beans that have failed to ma ture, tor which have molded slightly and are discolored, are sometimes so nearly the same size and weight of good beans that the screens and air blasts will not make the separations. These are picked out by hand. Various hand picking machines are available. The principle in the hand, or the warehouse picking machine is simply that of passing a thin layer of boans "before t ho operator on an endless belt. The discolored boans are picked out as they go by,' and the good beans are emptied Into the sack- Beans should be uniformly and carefully sacked up for marketing purposes. It Is. not a good plan to attempt to market beans that are not sorted into sizes, and that are not uniform in color as they do not command good prices. Cull beans and bean - straw make excellent stock feed. , When weevil are present, the beans should be heated to 120 degrees V. for 3 or 4 immediately after harvest, , Yields Beans' produce in eastern Ore gon 8 to 10 bushel an -acre on summer fallow; on irrigated land 15 to 30 bushels an acre. Western Oregon yields vary from 1 to 30 bushels ah acje. Oregon should produce 1,000,- 000 bushels a year on summer fallow alone, besides another 1,000.000 bushels in western Ore gon. . . . .At normal Oregon prices beans are a splendid cultivated legume cash rop and they will worlrwell in rotations. SALEM CiilRIES'' Starr Cannery Was the Last : One to Finish Pack of Year, Last Week The, Salem canneries will all stand by now till the latter part of May, when gooseberries will uegin to be ready for- the 1926 pack. . . " , ; v The Starr cannery "wis the last to close down for the 1925 sea son, running till the latter part of last week. The: last of the pack was made with canning cull apples from the .Hod River and Yakima districts. v v It Is certain that the total pack of the Salem canneries for 1923 will show a larger total than waa puC up the year befdre. : Though it is not certain that a jeport of the number of cases of each fruit and vegetable put up in Salem, will be, available. It is a safe prediction that, with a noma! year, the 1926 pack here will he larger than the one of t"Is year' ' All the canneries will put up all the lines of this year, aud there ill be Improvements and short cuts euought adopted to make cer tain an . Increased ontDut. with i Rood to fair fruit and veiretahu T ... . w : ro52. THIS WEEK'S SLOGAN DID YOU KNOW that Saldm is in the center of what will become a great bean growing and shipping industry; that the raising of green beans for canning is already becoming. an important branch of our farming, and will steadily grow to be much more so; that there is a chance for this district to make a great name and large profits in growing salad beans for the world markets; that beans make a profitable crop to grow, in rotation with other crops, and as a succession crop; that .we should' grew hundreds of thousands of pounds more of dry beans, and also we should grow. all pi our own Lima beans; and that there will in time be vast room here for more bean growers? Dates of Slogans in (In, Twice-a-) eck Statesman iipllowinj; Day) (With a few oHiIe changes) Ijngan berries, October 1 JYune, October 8 Dallying, October 15 Ha., October 22 Filbert", October 29 Walnuts, November 5 Strawberries, November J Apples, November 19 Itiispberries, November 20 Mint, DecemVieT 3 lieans, Ktc, December 10 Black berries, December 17 Cherries, December 24 , . Pears, December iit . tiooscberrlcK, January 7, 1925 Corn, January 14 Celery, Jannary 21 Kpinach, Ktc, January 28 Onions, Ktc, Febinary 4 Potatoes, Ftc, February 11 Ilecs, February 18 Poultry and Pet Slock, Feb. 2J City Itenutiful. Ftc, March 4 Great Cows, March 11 lavcd Highway!", ;.Ian1i 18 Head Ijettuce, March 23 Kilos. KtC, April I Iecumes, April 8 AnparaircH, I" te April 15 irHpes, Etc, April 22 Iriir Garden, April 29, A PEAN TO BY ELLA Mc.MUNN (Republished from The Statesman of March 18.1920) I don't .know much about relative food Values, and the things that make muscle and those that make fat and some that make brains. And I never will know, because it makes me tired to read about them. My very first choice in the way of solid food, three times; a day. the year round, would be chocolate creams. But for reasons that will be apparent to anyone who has bought any chocolate creams since the beginning of the war. it has seemed a patriotic duty to abstain from this confection in order fhat the Rrench girls may have all they wont. But right after chocolate, my 'choice falls on heaps. As soon as the war was declared I took' a sack of beans under one arm and a ts under the other, and retired to my cave at Lake Labish, and I came through the whole dreadful skirmish without a scratch. Iork and beans! That is a wondG.fu, combination to greet you with its fragrant, steamy odor when you come in these cold March days justabout-Jaged tnit,trom beauties in the pasture latch on the batfk'gate; a snort lonutcicaaUs iu-fUHd uhu uil ouse your hands. into tha-rain barre4d eail them Washed, and then flop Into your chair ia tjlje Wttle-ozy kitchen ands-r$acji across the red j ablectoth for the beans the firstlhing. Vou don't even want to talk, i until, they have warmed you and comforted you and strengthened you. which 1hey will do even better than chocolate creams and then you thaw out and are civil and decent, and you decide, after a few more i helping?, that you will go back and you may have thought that you were ctiite dead when you came in. , Of course, you will sometimes get tired of beans, just as you get tired of your husband, and your religion! and the weather, .bat take them the year around, hus-bands, religion, weather and beans they Till an Important place In the scheme of existence, and you learn that here is-no real substitute for any ol them.- (P. S. My address is oute Ji.) Hut all beans are not as good as those grown la Oregon, nor are any beans as good as freshly grown ones, for no vegetable seems to fairly petrify without showing signs of external deterioration" to a greater extent than they do. I mean by this that a jean might look pin nip, white and youthful after ten1 years of storage,; and might even retain its flavor to some extent, butt there would be a toughness that H day cooking would not overcome. : ,; - ' ; In Colorado, where the short summer season prevented bean grow ing to any extent. Mexico and Texas shipped In large tmantities 0f the Iried product, but a mess of beansi meant an all day fire to cook them ifter they had been soaker! all'higb The high altitude and the hard water were given as the cause of this, but I believe now that the bcan3 were a hundred years old a'nd petrified and no good to begin with. Added to this the fact that wa had beans on wash day (because there would bo a fire all day) and the odor ot the soapsuds ot that old yellow soap I don't see any more thank Ood was more smelly than tbe lea:i, in my.infantile foolishness 1 thought that Monday was the drcariefct. crosrest,' horrihlest day in "the week and by till means should be abolishc-i. ; Or at least the beara and the washing. as both. Inter fered to a great extent with my personal rrcedom, for every little whjle or about a million times anyway, my mother would ask mc to put a stitk of wo(m! in the flov.and it must have been very evident to her that I preferred to wado In. the dilth'or to make mud pies. -Well.' I am. willing to Jet by-goncs be bygones, having come to a country where neitherlmud nor water are so scarce zi they were in my native state. IJut-I-must get back to my subject, which, as you may have, guessed by4liia-Ume, is beaas. Friends, countrymen, All! riant Beans. And remember, In these days of high cost ot everftoThg else, .that this humble vegetable wilt put fat on your bones. as surely as education, chewing rum and profanity tollow the tlaj;.:- v- v Daily .Statesman Sugar Beets, : Sorghum, Etc, May 6 Water Powers, May 13 Irrigation, May 20 Mining, May 27 liaixl. Irrigation, Etc, June 3 Floriculture, June lO Hops. Cabbage, Etc., June 17 Wholesaling and jobbing, June 24 CucumbeiB, Etc., July 1 logs, July 8 Goats, July 15 Schools, Etc, July 22 Sheep, July 29 National Advertising, August O Seeds, Etc., August 13 Livestock, August 19 Grain and Grain Products, Aug ust 20 Manufacturing, September 2 Automotive Industries, Septem ber 0 Woodworking, Etc, September 10 PaiH-r Mills, September 23 (Hack cop!.-s ot the Thurs day edition of The Daily Ore gon Statesman are nand. Thry are ffr ue: aUlO cents each, utiailed to .any address. Current copies 5 Cents). THE BEAN difgi po9t"jhles qr picking spring . " You et the tmrHflfe jiiu soon you lift the ; iHfr yoa' knoy wfcafjytming. " So you make olto aoe-with-a uip, and uist your WM98-Hinr'B tuip, dig a few more post holes, although GET THOW EfiRLY.'GET THEM GOOD . II GET THEM CLEAN. IPOSliT They Are the One, Two, Three of Growing Snap Beans Commercially or for Home Use Especially Important to Get the Pests Very Early in the Life of the Plants II C- J. MclXTOSH CORVALLIS, Ore., Dec. 9. (Special to The Statesman.) Get them early, get them good and get them "clean" is the one, two, three of grpwing snap beans in the home garden for home use or. market. The early bean, two or. three weeks,ahead of the local season free from insects and to bacco stain, .not. only brings a much better price than either im ported article or the full-season lot, but tastes better and is better in every way. In getting a snap bean ready for the table or market thus early variety and Kind have something to do with it, but far more than either of these is the- matter of culture. The early kind may be grown for the frst crop, while' for successions this same crop may be planted, at successful dates throughout the planting season, or rather better. I think the later crops may come from the planting of pole beans or'limas. j As to Varieties At any rate I open the bean planting season with enough hills of some good early bush bean, either green pod or wax, to pro vide the early or pre-seanson de mand, if the extra early demand promises to be strong it has paid me will to make a second plant ing, lighter than the first, of the tarty sort. Either the first oi second of these plantings is ac companied with a planting of pole leans Kentucky Wonder always taste better to me than any other and likewise break up well into pieces for canning. Still later in, the season a second planting ol pole beans is made, and after the weather has made a thorough job of warming up the soils I plant my Oregon limas. A good soil in good condition and well packed down about the seed i.s the first thing to be sure of in these plantings. A light loam well supplied with plant food has been the best for me. If the beans are soaked overnight in water the soil is moderately clamp they will germinate in good time without extra water. If they are planted dry and the soil is dry I run a small stream of water irom the garden hose in a tiny furrow beside the. row of beans. This soaks them up well and pro vides enough water to bring them up good and strong. .Rightly prepared soil will re quire but litle cultivation except what is necessary to keep down the weeds, or to break, a crust before it gets dry and hard after rains. All the cultivation my beans get at the early growing stage is an . occasional raking or shallow- plowing with a garden wheel hoe. There is something elese the beans are likely to need a thousand times worse than fuss ing around- with the soils, and that is precaution against later aphis attacks. The Troublesome Pests Aphis are the bane of. the hohie-grown - snap bean crop ' in many parts "of Oregon; Commer cial growers have utilized their past experiences and learned the simple, inexpensive steps that ward off this otherwise most bit ter ajid disconcerting attack. Tliat is, Ihe spray- early- early while the plants are just beginning their great growth,- even' though signs of the intended infestation are almostV possibly nearly altogether lacking. . ' . . It is the early aphis that means scores and hundreds later. And these early pioneers know the gentle art of pioneering for, the future success- of" their colonies. They scramble away to the under side of the lower leaves and start their breeding operation -by bud ding off from "stem mothers," by egg laying and goodness knows how many other mysterious ways whereby a few aphis may become colonies of thousands seemingly overnight. An when -these colon tes are once developed on the un J5END A COPY EAST der side of the leaves in hidden places in general, they lose their modesty'and sally forth In search of the dainty tidbits of beans the newest leaves, and the young tender pods just shedding the faded petals. j Of course this is no time for mourning over lost opportunities. On the principle that it is better late than never, it pays big even then to take up arms against the invaders and dislodge them at whatsoever expense of time, mon ey and worry may be involved. Yes, and spoliation or at least damage to much of the. fruit of the vine, the otherwise fine, clean and healthy looking pods. The pods will lack the size and quali ty they would have but for the attacks of the insects", which have left their mark on the clear shin ing surface of the pods, . now stained with tobacco juice and looking anything but atractive. ; Earl j- Work Important To rout the. enemy when so strongly 'established will take a great deal of material and may re BEAKS WILL PERSIST IN GROWING -! -ifliomi Stakes im-uiisE An Experience at Growing Bdans by a Mew Comertr-rSold About a Hundred and Fifty Dollars' Worth Frorn Hall Acre; and It Was Poor Year and Some Mistakes Were Made - - i M Editor Statesman: A piece of upland had lain idle about four years, and was grown up with weeds. This was plowed with tractor and thoroughly drag ged late in April, the weeds being well covered, as.tbe.soil was in ood condition 'for the plow: After three weeks the field was dragged tgain. marked. in rows forty Inch es apart, and planted to Kentucky Wonder beans a pace apart In the rows. . ! There were four thousand hills covering a, halt acre ot ground One load of edgings, at a cost of fifty cents, answered for stakes as they were set one between each two hills so that it required only two thousand.-The beans ; Were, cultivated- shallow with one horse cultivator three- times before they got 4oo large for a'orse to pass between. .The stakes were sharp ened at one end and driven into the ground about eight inches and standing about five feet tall. . The vines w'ere l trained when the runners were a foot or two ia length, slits being cut on the cor ners of the stakes with, a broad knife blade to hold them. The training was not a very" hard job as most of the:vines found the stakes all right.' Three of us did the training in about a day, as I remember. ; " .- 1 . .As. the season was very dry the bean erpp was light until the raiu that came' about August 20, ahd the usual fair week rain. ' after which the vines were soon - well loaded until, frozen down about the middle of November. The crop was contracted, before planted, to the - Oregon Packing company, at three and' a quarter cents a pound, about a hundred dollars' worth . of . beans being delivered to the cannery before it closed, in October. After this date, enough .were sold to the grocery stores at four or five cents to bring the total income qn the half ere up to near one hundred and fifty dollars. , As, we were out only twenty'dollars for plowing, seed, etc.. vrp were well : pleased with the experiment, especially as," we being new here,, some of our friends had sympathized with' us and predicted .that - the r.bean would not make anything. . r quire . several i applications of tpray. j The underleaf tan be reached ; only with an angle nozzle spray skillfully manipulated- But thorough workj even so .late will clear out most ot the and make possible; a good clean crop of later beans. i Yet ' when one . considers the cost and results of postponing the first spraying, he will hardly feel inclined to make the same mistake a second time. j i- Of course the same principle applies to keeping other vegetable plants -tree from these pests, but hardly ia. the same "degree except with squash plantB. Here as with the bean t'he earlyi comers find the underside of the leaves for colonization to , supply " foragers for attacks, on the susceptible parts of the plant later. In both cases it pays to get the first com ers and to keep on getting them till the Dig growth starts, ,when 11, seenis the" pests cannot ' do - a great deal of harm! i! f . A little 'shallow cultivation with ridging up and copious watering are the only steps needed from blossom time on to insure a boun tiful crop. By frequent watering with a litle raking about of the top soil to keep crusts from form ing, the vines may be kept in bearing a long time. This is par ticularly true if the crop is re moved in moderation, a little at a time, rather than waiting till tbe first crop of mature beans is large and the vines begin to Bettle themselves to ripen their fruits for seed. - . . (Mr. Mcintosh is the publicity man of the Oregon Agricultural college. Ed.) . iMuiUiV Same mistakes: 1. Not plowing in thejtail.: . Not setting the stakes jtrh lie the ground was still soft jlrj. 3. Trying at first to train the vines the wrong way arotirid. iThey werejvery obstinate, and! iprfisted in growing aror.nd Ihe stakes anti clockwise contrary to all my theories. 4. Letting seme of the beans get too large for canning by not picking often enough. E. W. EMMETT Salem. Ore., IU. i, Box 9 6 A, December 9. 1925. Mr, Dickens of West Stayton Tells How He Grows Ken tucky Wonders ' Editor Statesman: To the Slogan Editor: I plant my beans in rows of four feet1 apart; plant three feet apart in the row; thin out to three vines to; the hill: set my posts 50 feet apart in the rows ; put two or three props between the posts, to keep; the vines from sagging. . I put two wires, the lowest one eight inches from the ground," the top one six feet from the ground. Then I twine them, tie tbejwine to top wire, 'come, "down Tunder bottom wire at each hill, then up over the wire go along that way. Use the small balls, three ply. The small balls are the best to handle . This is the way I raise the Kentuck Wonder. 7 Gravelly land is the best. It ground has been in crop for sev eral years, fertilize heavily, it you want a good crop, J. - T. DICKENS West Stayton Ore, Dec. 8, 1325 DfTl'II AMXimiLL BOUGHT THE HAGUE The windmill at Blaricum, one of , the best known' old mills in Holland, is reported to- have been bought by a New York lawyer. It will be removed to the purchaser's estate, at Rhine beck on the Hudson, r V .