"ill to. PRICE FIVE CENTS SEVENTY-FIFTII YEAR SALEM, OREGON, TUESDAY, MORNING, JUNE 23, 1925 TODD WILL SH OP MOUNTAIN IS MADE OF -POLICE STATION CASE SIIEPIIEI1D TO TIE VJITTJESS BOX TODAY WORTHY FAMILY LOSES DEATH TAKES SENATOR GUILTY SPEEDERS GANGMEN KILL OFFICER AND ESCAPE WITH CASH COKETOH' FURTIiER W, CUT HOME AND BELONGINGS LADD OF NOFTH DAKOTA ONCE PROMINENT MEMBER OF INSURGENT BLOC, PASSES ' Oil CITY COUIIL WASHINGTON RESIDENT HELD FOR IDENTIFICATION F IRE DEMOLISHES SMALL HOUSE IN SOUTH ALEM S CHICAGO PATROLMAN FALLS TCTIM,TO BANK HAM) ITS It UUSTSLEM f Jit in aho Murder of Editor Brings De posed Kelso Mayor Back ' to Regain Power DEVELOPMENT EXPECTED i Another Distinct City Government To Re Established; Present . Mayor Refuses To Give Up Position KELSO. Wash.. June . 22. A. Ruric Todd, recalled mayor of kelso, returned to this city early today, announced that he is still Celso's legal mayor, issued an ul imatum to the present city ad ministration ordering' it to tarn the 1 reins of government oyer to lira, and meeting no reply from he present mayor, Nat R. Smith, nnoonced hl$ intention of setting p his own government tomorrow.' Before nightfall tomorrow,': acc ording to present indications. kelso ' will hare two mayors, two iets pt councjlmen, two police de partments, two fire departments. wo separate and distinct city gov- rnments. The murder, last Friday night, f Thomas J. Dovery, editor of the owjitz County News and spbkes- aq for the Todd faction,, was- the tamta for the ex-mayor's return. JTodd, in statements today, de clared that Dovery was murdered for political reasons, and that" his principal reason Tor returning to E:elo to claim control of the city as. to seeHh'at a police force was p pointed that ' won Id run the overy murder to earth. . From resent . indications j. the i existing overnment elected at the.: recall lection of three weeks ago, will efuse to recognize Todd or listen his ultimatum that the city alt be turned over to him. i Meanwhile Luke May, Seattle riminologist who was employed y Sheriff , Studebaker and the wlitz county commissioners to hunt for the Dovery murderer. as . been hard at work I on the ase. Though Mr. May refused to isciiss his progress In the case, it as learned that the detective has iscovered that the : editor was lugged, 'knocked to the ground, hen shot to death as he was at empting to regain his. feet, j This, ocal officials say, shows that the iller was moved by hatred and bat the killing was not committed the course of an attempted s u noiaup. An autopsy on uovery s a l Wv 9 body.t performed at Mr. May's di rection, snowed tnat tne editor 'had been badly mauled before he vas Bhot. VETS ELECT DELEGATlES SPANISH WAR MEN' GOING TO : STATE CONVENTION ' Delegates to the state conven tion at Port Orford, July 23 to 25, Were named last night at a meet ing of Hal Hibbard Camp No. S, (Spanish "War Veterans. These are en Walcher, Frank Gard. Arthur "Mrpd. Hal Patton. A. Estes, ercy Pugh and Clarence Miller, ith Johnr Bertelson, LeRoy Hew- ett; G. T, HegVit. Arthur Weleh, harles -Huddelston, Henry chroeder, Joseph lliff and II. G. ammens as alternates. Comman er F. M. Alleyr-Charles J. Lisle, enior vice commander, A. M. Han- en, Junior vice commander, aTe elegates by virtue of their ot- ice.' .'. ' ' Other credentialed delegates ln- lude A. T. Woolpert, past depart- ental commander and the follow ing' past commanders of the camp: JColi Carle Abrams, J. JI. Arnold, Arthur Artus, C. W. Brant, O. J. Hull, C. A. Murphy, N. L. Mastin, jE. J. Raymond, John Seymour, Al Southwick and Harry W. Ross. LAMBERT iPRICE QUOTED VOUXG & WELLS HAVE LINED I UP 40 TONS OF FRUIT Young & Wells, a Spokane fruit firm, have entered the local cherry fnarket and are, now offering 8 tents a pound for shipping Lam berts.' I About 40 tons of shipping fruit have already been lined up by Mr. Wells, who will operate the Sa lem' warehouse during the cherry season. The firm's, receiving Quarters will be selected later in the week; and it is quite probable that they will locate at the Ore gon' Electric freight depot or the Old Salem Fruit Union building, f No BIngs will be purchased by the company,' but they will be in the market for prunes, apples and ;ears. . 'dim i i : : r -: K. F. WHlett Blamea Illmsolf for I Lack of Necessary Papers of Yakima IE..F. Willett, an. employee of the Yakima Fruit Growers' asso ciation, .'was apprehended , on the streets of Salem by Night Traffic Officer Edwards on Sunday even ing, because he was driving a car with a Washington name plate and had not registered In Oregon. Then it was found that he had no driver's license; never had had one. He was detained at the .po lice station till he could be identi fied, and was obliged to take out a driver's license. This is required hy the laws of Washington, of Ore gon and of California. That is all. But the evening, paper ; played up the case. ; Said the grip of Mr. Willett was searched, and that his 10-year-old son was I given the third degree by the police. Police man ' Louis Olson was the , desk man at the police station Sunday evening. He says the grip of Mr. Willett was not searched; that Willett opened it himself, trying to find something by , which he could be identified. : lie had Ab solutely nothing by wnich he could be identified. He .was identified by Edward S. Biehn, alem fruit buyer. The boy was not given the third degree, Mr. Olson says, nor treated in any way but kindly and Mr01son8 word is good.; ; Mr. Willett wanted to go on his way' without , getting a! driver's li cense. But suppose this had been allowed, and he had - gone down the highway a few miles and run over and" killed some one? It would have been said; that the Salem police let him go without a license,'' p T :: v: :; :,i " -'"! " The inference Is that in Salem outsiders must not , be bothered ; even : men who have stolen cars; bootleggers; moonshiners. lis that what the people of Salem want of their police officers? It certainly is not-' I 4"::;i: -:"-': ;' "'f. :;!':'' " ' , ; Though they expect of them conrtesy and consideration. It was unfortunate that it too a couple of hours or so for Mr. Willett to be identified, i - But he did not blame the Salem police, f He blamed himself, for f not having something with him by which he could be identified, i I ! US SHIPS SUFFER LOSS GOVERNMENT "ESSELS LOSE $17,000 OX EACIf TRIP - SAN FRANCISCO; June 22. (By The Associated Press). The 3S0 government owned ships en gaged In foreign trade sustained an . average loss of 17,000 a voyage in the present fiscal year, former Admiral' Leigh C. Palmer, chairman of the emergency j fleet corporation, was advised today in a telegram from Washington. . .Admiral Palmer said that the government had in contemplation conversion of -fifty of the ships into the Diesel type at a cost of 42i.000.000. J: ri ! H The government now has one of the Diesel Teasels operating be tween; New York and the Dutch East Indies with great success, he said, -i . i , . - , i i . :;: ) .The president type boats re cently sold by the government to the Robert Dollar Steamship com pany of San Francisco give prom ise of being operated at a good profit, the admiral said. . COOLIDGE DESK CLEAR PRESIDENT jND WIFE LEAVE TODAY FOR SUMMER TTID? li i WASHINGTON, June 22. (By The . Associated Press). th presidential desk was cleared to day" and Mr. and Mrs. Coolidge were ready : for their, departure to morrow afternoon for the summer White House at Swampscott, Mass. Although .expecting; to be gone for two months, the president had a relatively light day, -having pre viously disposed of practically all urgent business. . His time j was devoted chiefly to receiving j gov ernment officers, saying goodbye, and cleaning up urgent business. Tonight he addressed ' the - semi annual government business meet ing. s.r.:-:.-.:; :- A ;-U : I " Everett Sanders, secretary to the. president, . and Edward T. Clark, his personal secretary will accompany Mr. Coolidge to his summer retreat,, with a corps of White House employes sufficient to carry on such business as the president finds necessary, i f - . President Coolldge'a : only , en gagement tomorrow is with! the cabinet which meets then lh its only regular session probably un Man Charged With Poison ; ing Millionaire Ward Will Offer Testimony CLIMAa IS EXPECTED Cross Examination Will Be Severe, State Promises; Testimony of I sa belle Pope Is Scored CHICAGO, June 22. (By, The Associated Press). William Darl ing Shepherd will have his Iay in court tomorrow. He will take the Witness Bt" ul and deny that he used typhoid germs to slay his millionaire foster son, William Nelson McClintock, or that he ever delt . with his chief accuser, Charles C. Faiman. I Such was the positive statement tonight of his counsel, William Scott Stewart cud W. W. O'Brien. "This is no ordinary murder case," said Stewart. "If it was we never would consider putting our client on the witness stand." Cross examination of Shepherd will not be limited, and Robert E. Crowe, state's attorney, has ex pressed the intention to interro gate the defendant on 'every phase of his life since his cradle days. In. his opening statement' the prosecutor termed Shepherd a constitutionally ' lazy man and connecting Mrs. Shepherd, called them, "'panhandlers' w h o had lived for 16 years off the rich youth Shepherd is accused of hav ing slain. Before 'climaxing its case by offering Shepherd's testi mony, the defense "win offer two or three witnesses tomorrow morning. ' . ' Stewart would not give their names, nor say what testimony they would give. Seven witnesses, . four of them medical men, were heard today. Parts of the testimony of two witnesses. was used to combat. Fa man's statement that the" germs he says he gave Shepherd were obtained from the city health department; laboratory by merely walking in, telling the boy at the information desk that he wanted the baccili, obtaining them imme diately and walking out. i Presence of Miss Isabelle Pope, McClintock's fiancee, in? Billy's sick room was not objected to be cause she read the charts and in formed the patient of his condi tion, but because she was a school teacher and it .was believed at first Billy had influenza, testified Miss Mabel A. ' McClaiiahan, a nurse who attended the youth.; , : The nurse also said she had seen Miss Pope and Mrs. Shepherd praying together and embracing (Con tinned on page 2) - 1 ' , : ( VOU POOR . SAP Y VMH ' JjS Voii'LLfFALll IM, r Yl I ly . j THifeE IF 1 VOU ?V TM Fonr Children Are in Need . of ' Clotldng; Furniture Li Alao : Badly Wanted ? - It was Jtiot a shack of a home but it was cozy and snug, and clean, j , -. .. . : Yesterday afternoon, this home, located in the Salem Heights dis trict nOar the Salem Heights com munity hall, was burned to the ground. . v . t y,u;rM . i The burned dwelling housed (a nard-working father andi mother and four small children, three hoys ages 18 .months, 'four years and 10 years and a girl 11 years. AH of their clothing and house hold goads were lost in the flames. i Clothing for the children espe cially is needed. Also any old fur niture, stoves or other furnishings to aid in establishing a new home. Bundles can be left at TbeStates man office or phone your address to The Statesman and any- bulkier articles will he called for and de livered to this family. - . I Investigation has eh own that the father has been ill and out of employment for sev-ial months, but six weeks ago secured work and is trying to lift the burden of the winter's hard times. The moth er has been working at canneries in the effort to aid. CHURCH LEADER RESIGNS BOSTON, June 22 Lewis C. Strang, former assistant of Mary Baker Eddy, founder' of the Christian Science movennent, has resigned from the mother church, the First Church of Christ, Scien tist, Boston. ' Tt became known here today. " ' ' ELKS' REQUEST DENIED JULY TO WILL W3T BE LEGAL HOLIDAY IN OREGON Holding that the declaration or a legal holiday is a serious matter to the business interests of the statej Governor Pierce yesterday advised , Ben Fisher, Marshf ield, president of mer oregon Elkss sociation, that he would not prcn claim. July 16 as a legal holiday in the state. I "There are numerous conven tions, some of them ' national in scope, to be held in Portland this season," the letter read. "Other lodges have national conventions and doubtless in attendance and' Importance will equal the Elks' convention. If a holiday is de clared for the Elks, I Imust also grant the same privilege to other lodges and organizations wbich will hold their conventions later. I urge, however, that all business men .who are Elks, or whose em ployees are members of the order, will endeavor to so arrange their affairs that they may attend the convention." ; WATCH YOUR STEP! Complications t Resulting From Neurit is Cause; Funeral to ' Re Held Thursday BALTIMORE, Md., June 22. (By Associated Press.) Senator Edwin Fremont Ladd, senior sen ator from North Dakota, died tiere at 10:29 a. m. today from kid ney trouble, which developed as a complication of neuritis. . con? tracted a year ago in his - home state of North Dakota. Plans tonight were for the re moval of the body to Washington tomorrow where funeral, services will foe held : probably Thursday and Interment made in a vault until Mrs. Ladd, who was serious ly affected by her husband's death, is able to make the trip to North Dakota. She and two of the family of eight children were at the bedside when death occur red, as also was Douglas H: Mc Atthor, "Senator Ladd's secretary. The j affliction which indirectly caused Sfehator Ladd's death fast ened upon him a year ago while he was visiting in North Dakota. With, .his .clothing wet from pas sage through a rain storm, the senator traveled all day in that condition, s The wetting: resulted In en attack f neuritis in his left shoulder, which went later to (his wrists and hands. . '. Physicians ' at Johns Hopkins hospital here, where he came for examination in March Of this year, found his condition not serious, but advised against over exertion. The senator, who showed tre mendous interest in his work, was said by his secretary to have been, impatient at restraints of. the doc tors, started on a trip to North Dakota. The trip ended at Cleve land "where Senator Ladd went to visit i his son, yernon. He re turned; to Washington with a re newed attack of neuritis and rheumatism and two weeks ago was admitted to the sBaltlmore church home and infirmary." , Within a few days kidney trou ble developed and his condition became serious, but was not con sidered critical until two" days be fore his death. Senator Ladd was in his 66th year and had been sue-: cessively,1 chemist, prqfessor, col lector, writer and United States senator. His high honors in North Dakota came to him by 'adoption. He was a natives so. "falne. Ills death, following that of Senator La Follette, was the second over whelming loss to be suffered by the late insurgent bloc within four days. .j' TURKS MAY ENTER ; GENEVA, June 22 League of nations officials stated today that Turkey will aply for membership in the league at : the meeting of the assembly in September. Tur key would make the fifty Aslxth state to join the league. Tourist$, Exceeding Limit, Spread Propaganda When Arrested Here OTHER HIGHWAY URGED Salem Pol ice-Court Declared Fair; Fines Assessed Only for Flag rant Disobedience of Law . ; 'l Insidious ; progapanda tb the north and south of Salem is being spread and as a' result tourists are being warned to keep away from Salem and to make their route across the state follow the West side Pacific Instead of the East Side Pacific highway. . The pro paganda is not this' season's vin tage alone but has been spread for the last year,' gaining momen tum but gradually,! until it is now general, j A prominent Portlander was arrested recently for traveling -50 miles an hour. He was , brought to Salem and fined, as is any other violator of state and city traffic rules. "Keep away from Salem," he advises all his friends and business associates. Last - year several automobiles bearing University of Washington students to a football game fur ther up the valley were stopped Ibr speeding in the city. The Uni versity of 1 Washington Daily ifook up the matter, which was in turn broadcast by a Seattle daily." "Keep away from Salem," was the cry. . . Disgruntled violators, possessed of a. knowledge of their guilt, paj their fines and then spread the word tb "keep away from Salem." "Recently several students from a state Institution of higher edu cation were stopped for speeding. They had liquor in their possess ion. They were each fined ?15Q. Rather hard on a student, perhaps, but under the law far 'more severe punishment could have been meted. Their home towns Joined in the hue and cry for Salem's bcalp. V ' Recently several prominent Sa lem business men had occasion to drive to Eugene and back. 'We are. from the south,", they would tell attendants at various service stations along the highway. "What is the best way to get to Portland?" ' ; "Follow the west side," was ths Invariable reply. . "it is shorter and the road is smoother. Better keep away from Salem and Al bany.:' . , ; Cities along, the west side route are banded together and are or ganized into a solid front to boost traffic along " their side of the river. Word is passed that the ferry between Harrisbnrg and Junction City ia unsafe; that they "pinch you in Salem"; to watch oot ior Albany .and various other forms of warnings.-v .. . S-ilem has no speed trap. Salem does not rob out of town residents or tourists as is insinuated. Salem HAS a traffic officer on duty day and night Whenever the officer, on duty-finds motorist speeding, he is brought into court regardless of hla home clty.Molor lsts are not arrested lor traveling UNDER 27 or. 28 miles an hour. Sometimes they are,., warned but generally ignored.. Those travel ing MORE than 27 or 28 miles an hour are arrested if found speed ing, and brought into court. The speedometer on the police car is tested and is accurate. Motorists are often brought into court with the minimum epeed charged if (Continual on ptgn 2) - DISABLED VETS GATHER IDZROISS OF WORLD CONFLICT. MEET IN FIFTH CONVENTION I OMAHA, Neb., June 22. (By The Associated Press). -Prayer and tribute to their fallen com rades Interspersed by the swap ping of stories tf the late world war and reminiscences oZ experi ences which; left many with scars of; that great conflict, comprised the main activity of the initial session of the 'fifth annual con vention of disabled -American ' vet erans of the world war here today. i The tribute o thesoldier dead was in the form of a moment of silence during which time wreaths were placed on the tombs of the f Unknown Soldier" tArllngton, London, Paris, Rome, and Brus sels. . ' i - t , T j With this tribute came the sing ing the "Taps" and "The -Star Spangled Banner" by Mme. Ernes tine Schumann-Helnk, famous prima donna, . herself a gold fetar mother. - , Eleven Policemen Are Killed This Year, and Six Jn Last Two - ; Weeks .' .V' " CHICAGO, June 22. (By Asso ciated Press.) Gunmen came out of hiding today and murdered Par trolman Patrick McGovern in the most brutal and daring street rob bery in. police history: , r, McGovern was the eleventh po liceman shot down by gang des peradoes since January 1 and the sixthUo fall In the last two weeks. Hia assailants escaped with 5,0t)U In casb wrested from the messen ger he was escorting to a bank. t McGovern and George Haney, the messenger, were walking to gether in a busy section of uptown Chicago when a large touring cat drew up at the curb. Before the car stopped the three occupants opened fire on McGovern. Three bullets pierced his chest,'. He. dropped -: to the sidewalk, feebly, reaching for his gun, but died be fore he could remove the weapon from its holster. ' Two hoars after the north side holdup, four men held up a jewelry firm in a down town1 office building,: bound 'and gagged the proprietor and a clerk, and escaped with diamonds and bracelets', valued, at $1, 00,0. An hour' before the McGovern shooting thirty shots were L ex changed In a running revolver bat tle bn the West Side between three bandits, and four policemen. None was injured. The bandits escaped. Bernard Grant, sentenced to hang In August for the murder of policeman Ralph Souders In 1922, died this morning in the Bride well hospital of wounds received Saturday at the hands of his ac complice and jail mate,' Walter Krauser, 19, who attacked Grant with a knife. Krauser will be in dicted immediately for the murder of Grant, state's Attorney Crowe said. 1 TWO TRUSTIES ESCAPE I. ' j l : '. ESCAPE IS MADE FROM FLAX 1 SHED 3IONDAY AFTERNOON Two trusty convicts, working at the prison flax shed, disappeared ahout 3:30 o'clock Monday after noon. The pair was C. E. Shel don, 23, received from Lane coun ty December 3, 1924, .to serve two years for larceny, and Ira McKen sie, 24, of Polk county, received January 22, 1925, to serve three years for rape. r : Sheldon Is 5 feet 10 inches tall, weighs 170 pounds, has light com plexion, blue eyes and dark hair. He Is a laborer. Two scars are noticeable, one on his forearm and a slanting scar near the top of his forehead. . McKenzie is 6 feet tall and weighs 167 pounds, and is a logger, t He has a large V-shaped scar at the left corner of "his mouth and a ragged scar on the left side of his chin. A third scar is tq be seen at the center of his forehead near the hair line. !, Reports from Midway park, be tween Salem and Jefferson, early last night; indicated that the two men ; were seen - in that vicinity, wearing the prison clothing, and, going south. ' .- MOROCCAN SEA BARRED FRANCE AND SPAIN SIGN AGREEMENT FOR BLOCKADE ' MADRID, June 22 (By Asso ciated Press.) A Spanish official statement issued ; tonight an nounced the signature by Spain and France of an agreement, for the blockade by sea of the Moroc can coast. The agreement was signed by General Gomez Jordana and Senor Aguirre for Spain, and Ambassa dor ICounty Peretti de la Roca and M. Sorbler f or Trance. 4 ; T.he blockade agreement covers the ' Moroccan , seacoast along French, and Spanish territory. The blockade will "be enforced by war ships of both T5pain and France, but each squadron will preserve complete 'independence and com mand inconf ormity with the gen eral rules laid down by their re spective authorities. . - y ; The blockade Is intended to pre vent the landing of arms, ammuni tion and other war materials in Morocco In. accordance with Inter? national ; conventions, which pro hibit vessels from securing -access to the Moroccan coast,' except at commercial ports. ; DEFENDANT FREED " A MILWAUKEE. Wis., June 22 John iS. Davenport parged with being leader of , the .bandit gang which held .up the northwestern national bank 'here last December was found not guilty by a jury in municipal court tonight.. The jury reported at 8:50 after havine the case under advisement for 40 minutes, : Large Surplus at End of Fis cal Year Denotes Another. Large Reduction : BOARD IS ADDRESSED Surplus of $300,000,000 l Is on Hand Over Expected Re f Qnirements of Govern , t t , mental Expenses f- WASHINGTON, June 22. (By the Associated Press.)- A promise that Tie, will recommend further reduction of taxes to congress at the December' session was made tonight by President Coolidge in an address at the semi-annual budget meeting. . .-He predicted a surplus of 200, 000,000 at the end of the fiscal year June 20, and estimated that theurplus for the coming fiscal year would approximate $290,000- 000. , ' ; Admitting there was little pros pect, for several years at least, of cutting government expenditures below three billion dollars annu ally, TVlr. Coolidge said the outlay for the current fiscal year would total $3,035,000,000, exclusive of money applied to reduction of the public debt and operation of the postal service. . C It Is his desire, lie added, to ' hold expenditures for the coming year, including the amount ap-; Plied on debt reduction, hut ex cluding the postal service, within $3,375,000,000, or $125,000,000, he said, less than estimated com parable expenditures for this year. Mr.-Coolidge also declared be would attempt to hold estimates for, the fiscal- year beginning 'July ; 1, 1926; to $3,080,000,000, ex clusive of the postal service. Na estimates were' given of thi amount needed for reducing" ths debt and operating the postal ser vice.,.:..,; '.,"-:. '';V- ' The president told his audience, . made up cf cabinet officials and departmental executives, that they -must continue their efforts to de crease the cost of government. He gave congress credit for sup porting the budget, and declared that while the tax burden had been materially lightened, it "ia still With the people. "Back of the tireless, persistent and drastic campaign for con structive economy in federal ex penditure," declared Mr.. Coolidge, "has been the relief of the people of this nation from a great burden of taxation. It has been success ful. Taxes have been rednced. The burden of the people has been materially lightened. "But the reduction has not yet reached the point where taxes have ceased to be a burden. It is to the reaching of this point that our efforts must be directed. . The way has been prepared for further tax reduction. This I will recommend to the congress in the next budget message. Economy in the cost of gov ernment is Inseparable from re duction in taxes. We cannot have the 4 latter without the former. From some sources the statement has been made that this continue Ing drive for economy in federal expenditures is hurting business. , "I have been unable to determ- 1 ine how reduction fn taxes is In jurious; to business. Each tax re- f (Continued on page 2) FUNERAL RITES f SOLE ROBERT M. LA 'FOLLETTC 13 I ,'BURIED BY 3IASSIVE OAIC " ; MADISON, Wi., June 22. (By The Associated Press). In an un marked plot on a verdant hillside, the body - -Robert Marion- La Follette today found rest eternal. A sturdy oak i stands sentinel at hi grave. 't:.? '",:'' ' ' The tender handa of friends laid tit there after funeral services in (the state house that were sim ple is the life he had led. A plea that that life, should not have been -in vain formed the text of the fu neral oration, delivered, by Dr. A. E. I Hayden uf 'Chicago; fcrrmer pastor of . the First Unitarian church at Madison. V Picturing Mr. La tFollette as "the embattled prophet of a new democracy, Dr. Hayden said that to remember him- thus , would be "tO Jbe trua to the vision of that democracy as he was true." - '. "And-herein 4ia presence sf III." he; added, "we may Tiedicata our- selves to that task." , Again -at the grave Dr. Ilajclc ii renewed his plea and promised in the final prayer that tlie nenator's people would carry forward the fight of which Le hai in datli" ltrtat oft. - til fall ' S -