THE OREGON STATESMAN. SALEM. OREGON
SUNDAY ? MORNING DECEMBER 21, 1924
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MP. t
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f
. Efficiency is the aim of radio
designers t and constructors con-
. . i 1
Mrnllnn nf t)la faahla Imnnlino
t j " .
set up in the antenna system by
tSe passing ether ware and con
verting them into sound of the
greatest possible volume with the
utmost faithfulness of reproduc
tion. But true efficiency is more
than this. It is securing' the
greatest result with the least con
sumption of energy and at the
LOWEST COST. A Tacuum tube
Y4th a radium electrode would be
tore .efficient than one with a
Oorium filament, for it would re- '
quire no filament battery supply.
Jfut such a tube would cost an
immense fortune and hence it
would not fall within our defini
tion of ; efficiency, , There are,
however, more practical methods
of 'reducing radio sets operating
costs, which in some cases may re
sult In savings amounting to 75
XZLSSS&V annum. : v ,
Tubes and Batteries Chief Upkeep
' tfbvipttsly," the two items which
Contribute most to the upkeep ex
pense a radio set are the tabes
ai'dlbd' batteries. How can we
"reduce our expenditure on these
Vt items without sacrificing re
sults? " ",
r Perhaps , yoa labor under , the
Impression that for a given result,
a" certain expense must be incur
red. However a .definite signal
f Jrength . from, a certain distance
is DDI lue.ucieriuiuiag (aciur i
the matter of the tube and battery
COJVSumption. -a Kor, is the amount
ofJBbatterj current "ed a guide
fta naristrigtb.')v-AV"':.,fficiit
ft drawing 5 miHa mpert--ria
he : B bal tery may : gfye-a 1 louder
!Igxil than . an inefficient one
trawing 25 mnUamperes. V
Raving- B Batteries IVS 1
Startling as the saving in' tube
Renewals which t may be effected
g Your
T? n T rr o
fkt iVJi
Radio
inimum
G
est
7
A t I SAVED
DAIERI FLYING
RAPIDLY VANISH
by judicious adjustment of fila
ment rheostat, it is no les3 re
markable than the economy in B
battery current which is possible
economies which make B bat
tery costs j fall from a relatively
high figure, to one that is almost
negligible, i
Economy In B battery current
is effected through control of the
average grid potential. To one
uninitiated1 in this process, it may
appear a difficult operation, but it
is,1 in practice, a very simple mat
ter. Through! the use of a "C"
battery or by taking advantage of
the voltage drop across the fila
ment rheostat,! a substantial sav
ing In B battery current may be
effected. Let j us see what this
amounts to. I
it.:.
As we have seen, our receiving
system has for its general object,
to produce the greatest variations
In plate current possible with a
given signal. Whether these 'var
iations take place about a small
or large plate current is immater
ial, so long as they are faithful
reproductions I of the broadcast
program. . j 1 . i :,
The Immediate cause of varia
tions in the plate current is vary
ing voltages on the grid of the
tube. As the grid voltage falls
the plate current falls proportion- j
ately likewise, when the grid be
comes more positive, the plate
current Increases. .
Use Most Economical Size of B
Battery ;
v. ' . r 1 ... j
Tvo factors enter into the cost j
of B battery manufacture. - One i
Is materials; i the other is the me-chanK-ajt
wrjrirsMy? ' w-Mf
is of ''OlrJ?'p governed by labor
i-os-ii. '' ObrionVy,- tbe.-tarser the
size, of B battery, the greater the
cost of materials. On the other
hand, the number of operations in,
making the smallest 4 'volt B
battery is approximately the same
as that i encountered in making
the largest size of 4 volt B bat
tery. Consequently there is a
considerable saving effected In the
purchase of a larger size battery,
when a smaller one does not give
economical service. It is not pos
sible, however, to prescribe bat
teries of a certain size for sets
having a certain number of tubes,
because one factor entirely in the
control of the user enters into the
question. That point is the num
ber of hours per week the set is
used.; j
One important factor in the life
of a battery is the current drain
to which it is subjected. Radio
Cells are designed for small cur
rent drains over an extended per
iod. A table given herewith in
dicates the current drain per tube
for the various plate voltages and
grid potentials usually employed,
as determined by the C battery.
Multiply it by the number of tubes
in your set and you can readily
calculate the B battery drain. This
will serve as a rough index to B
battery selection. ?
irtrafr !!( Cm r re t (
Ml 11 lnaprea - ,
ifi B Battery VqHc
Tb Grid
Volu
t2H era 80
1 .? t-74
WTM1.C-11
nd 9 11 15
VD-12.C-13
iH -.J 1
i . i.ts
trv-i9
JKi 1 i t 4
C4S9
uv-wo
d 1 .71
c-soo
! II
UTJ01-A
n4 0 II I 10
duty" types which are equipped
with "extra large" cells. This i3
particularly the case with five tube
sets or larger.
One enthusiastic i listener en
thusiastic when not purchasing
new B batteries found it neces
sary to buy three sets of a small
type of vertical battery per year
costing $1.75 each. His plate
voltage being 90, he was spending
$25 a year. By substituting two
large batteries costing $7.50, in
dications at the end of the ninth
month are that they will last fully
1 or 12 months. This simple
step made him permanently enthu
siastic about radio.
What One User Saved
Some time ago, a case of waste
ful upkeep came to my attention,
which is well worth. " citing. Radio
had proved so troublesome that
the owner of this set had about
decided to give up radio. Hardly
a week passed that he did not need
a new tube or new B batteries, or
to recharge his- A battery. When
I told him that I used a six tube
set at least two hours daily and
that B batteries lasted at least
six months and tubes a year, he
was astounded.
My friend had a! self contained
receiver of very excellent con
struction, f It employed four UV
201 A tubes, one radio, detector
and two audio. At a voltage of
5.0 on the filament, its current
drain was 10 milliamperes.
Through the addition of a C bat
tery, reduction of filament voltage
from 5.0 ; to 4.0, not only was
quality 6r reception greatly im
proved, but B battery drain re
duced to a mere 2 milliamperes.
This saving of 75 per cent not
only effected B battery upkeep
cost, but also tube renewals and A
battery erpense.
Those who find radio expen
sive should answer these ques
tions: j
1. Am ' I using minimum fila
ment voltage?
2. Am -I taking advantage of
the savings possible through the
use of a C battery?
3. Am I using the minimum
plate voltage which will give a
satisfactory signal?
4. Am I using the most econ
omical size of B battery? i
5. Am ; I buying a battery of
reputable' make? ' .
If your answer to all of these
questions is in the affirmative.
you can buy a new receiving set
every year out of your savings.
The greatest economy Is effect
ed, when service requirements
warrant, in the purchase of still
larger units, known as "heavy
lit - IV5
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I...
OUTPUT
UlHr-i-iWHH
.1
INPUT Z
input 3 mi
rr
5 .s nun
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
-A"
DISCONNECT
6P0T RETURN
GRIT RETURN . TO NEGATIVE A
vowroATivt "C
INPUT
1 C fL
ii . i
i
M'l'M AW
FOT SrtALUSETS
TAKP ADVANTAGE OP
NTGATlVt DROP ACROSS RMtOSTAT
HOW TO KLCLP mt GRID NEGATIVE.
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16 PQV.'FP, RADIO
31
PULLED FOR 1925
,y - '
Three Methods 'of "Super
! Broadcasting"4 Will Go
Into Effect in Year,
t What is roine to-hanen in ra-
,dlo in 1925? .
t " Nearly .every fan has been ask
ing this question, for he wants
'to know ; just what 'kind of a set
to buy or bund, what Itind of
broadcasting will be on the air,
'and what kind of reception he may
'expect. . ;" ' r
During the last three years, ra
'dio development has been largely
t in the- realm of reception, along
I theMSMef: Improving ' receiving
app&vatsv f writes Jack Binns, In
I the Varitf Sry number of Popular
Science "Monthly. Now every in
fdlcation points to a reversal of
the order. Instead of .more elab
orate super-receivers to pick-up
and magnify I weak signals, ' the
trend is toward super-broadcasting
with power increased so that dis
tant signals I can be brought In
by even the simplest receivers.
The development of transmis
sion during the fyear will be along
three well-defined lines, two of
which will involve super-power.
The third is national broadcasting
through the interconnection . of
broadcasting stations by means of
telephone land wires. All thre
systems will be experimental jn
character at first, proceeding ac
cording to recommendations ' of
the Third National-Radio Confer
ence in Washington, AD C. Thus
the use of super-power will ".be
subject to immediate cancellation,
should the fears of those who say
It will tend to create a monopoly
of the air materialize...
The first plan under the super
power scheme Involves the erec
tion of high-powered broadcasting
stations at points removed from
any thickly populated area. Such
i. stations will be i connected . with
I1.
Compare These Prices
With Your Favoiite.Mall Order IIous'. .. . .
Goods . are very best quality. Radios and Electrical Supplies.
Brandes Table Talker, regular $10 value- ours $8.75.
Brandes Head Phones, 2000 Ohms, head set, j standard type,
regular price $6 ours $4.75. Brandes 3000 Ohms, head phones,
$8 value -our price $6.25. he. fan steel Balkite Battery
charger none better regular price $20 ours $18.75. Bradley
grid leak, with condenser, regular price $2.20 ours $1.85.
Radios- Neutrodyne. 5 tube kit. regular Price $72; our price
$62.r0.i The Rico-k'it. Boys Friend, regular price $15 ours
$13.75.1 We build bothUhe Neutrodyne and Super Heterodyne
in our shop. 'Get our prices. V j
House -Wiring and Electrical Supplies. Ixraest prices in city.
GdODt ELECTRIC COMPANY
i Builders of High Class Radio :
1 1136 Jefferson Street, Salem. Oregon ,
'i ", . Mail Orders Given Prompt Attention
studios in the cities by means of
land wires. :
m The second system of super
Dower broadcasting involves the
use of short waves far below the
range of the present-day receivers.
The third system is the Inter-
ccnectlon of all existing broadcast
ing stations by means of a i net
work of land telephone wires.
Another Important development
in broadcasting that , wjll affect
every radio an during the coming
year Is the rezonlng of the coun
try, which will be divided Into six
broadcasting zones instead of five.
Under this plan the northwestern
Atlantic states will have stations
operating on the same wave length
as stations in Pacific .Coast states.
This can, be done without inter
ference because of the. great dis
tance between the stations and
also because there! is a "time dif
ference of three hours between
the two coasts. ;
An increase In the broadcast
wave-length band to Include wavea
down to 200 meters and up to
550 meters means that the radio
fan who Is buying or building a
new set should make sure that it
will tune. 1
COS
HATCHERY
T
MEN TO OHIZE
They Will Meet at Seattle on
the 29th, to Make Ar--rangements
for This
For several years the outstand
ing national organization of poul
trymen has been the Baby Chick,
association. It was through this
association that express rates and
parcel post? shipping of baby
chicks were made possible. Each
year a few of the coast hatchery
men have journeyed to the east
or middle west to attend the an
nual meeting of this national as-
HISTORIC OXFORD
sociation and have returned en
thuaed with the organization's ac
complishments. Many have ex
pressed the desire of organizing a
coast association that would af
filiate with the internationl. Now
the opportunity is here and should
be taken advantage of by all who
are Interested in the baby chick
business. Mr, Jay Todd, manager
of the Queen Hatchery, Seattle,
has. at the request of Mr. H. H.
Knapp. president of the . Interna
tional association, called a meet
ing of the hatchery men In Seat
tie on the 29th of December for
the purpose of forming a coast
baby chick association, to affiliate
with the International. Mr. Knapp
is now on the coast and. will at
tend the meeting to assist with the
organization. The meetine is
called for 10 o'clock in the assem
bly room -of the Fry hotel, Seattle
Washington.
1
LONDON, Dec. 20 England's
first venture in silver fox farming
Is to get under way shortly, and
already 20 pair of foxes have been
brought here from Canada and
Installed on a plot of ground near
Oxford.
The 40 animals, which will be
used for breeding purposes, i are
valued at $40,000. The promoter
of the enterprise,, a former Cana
dian army officer, believes that
the climate of England is Ideally
suited to the rearing of silver
foxes, and hopes to expand; his
farm to Include several hundred
foxes within the next year or so.
Bars are nsed to keep burglars
(out of banks and In jail. St.
Louis C lobe-Democrat.
: ! .
For Cold Weather Starting ;
, they have the "punch"
i - . - i
We can sell you a Willard Battery that will
spin your engine to a flying start every morning-
You won't have to get it recharged all
winter, either, if your electrical system is on
'. the job.
Quick starts take less out of a battery. ,
There would be a lot let profanity on
cold night if you motorist alt had Wil
lards," ays Little Ampere. -
JOE WILLIAMS
"The BRttcry Man i
AUTOMOBILE ELKCTIUC WORK OF ALL KINDS
531 COURT ST. PHONE 108
w
fl "TJ STORAGE 1
MH BATTERIES I
MMlirCil
Army Aviation Chief Says
Risks are Fast Being.
Overcome in Traffic .
NEW YORK, Dec. -20. Major
General Mason M. Patrick chief of
the air service of the United States
army, believes that air craft trans
portation systems for passengers,
mall and goods can, under proper
conditions, compete for Bafety and
reliability with the standards of
railway train service or even sur
pass them. lie made that state
ment thi3 afternoon to the 18th
annual convention of the Associa
tion of Life Insurance Presidents
In urging life Insurance companies
to give consideration to the grant
ing of insurance at regular prem
iums on the lives of travelers by
air and the operators of aircraft.
declaring also that such Insurance
would greatly aid the development
of air transportation. General
Patrick, who" learned to "fly when
about 60 years old, often uses the
air ship to save time in the trans
action of his official duties.
"When invited to address , this
meeting I must confess that I was
somewhat cheered -and elated by
the knowledge that an association
of insurance men was at last will
ing to take some kind of a chance
on an aviator. For my part I am
going to venture the bold state
ment that before very long air
traffic, air transportation, will be
on. a par with other transporta
tion insurance risks; otherwise
history will have reversed Jtself.
Speaks on Development,
"i want to touch for just a mo
ment upon the military phase of
the development and use of air
craft. The experience of the World
war has convinced all who have
studied the matter that in future
wars aircraft will play an impor
tant or possibly a decisive part;
that the only adequate and effec
tive defense against an air attack
is an air force of your own; and
hence such an air force properly
equipped, highly trained, muet be
part of our military establish
ment. So far as our national
safety is concerned, it is my firm
opinion that an adequate air force
is the best peace insurance policy
that this country can obtain.
"Aircraft as weapons of war
fare yearly become more swift,
more powerful, more destructive;
but it Is in aircraft aa agents of
commerce, carrying the1 world's
goods and transporting the peo
ples of one community to another,
that the deeper significance lies.
Lower Premiums
: "Inevitably the time will come
ihen the life insurance companies
11 be willing to grant insurance
at regular premiums on the lives
of travelers by air and the operat
ors of aircraft. Thia would greatly
aid the development of air trans
portation and I hope that this as
sociation will give careful consid
eration to such an important mat
ter. "It is a fact that mueh has been
done during the past few years to
; i Radios The Freshman Masterpiece
A 5 Tube SetPriced at $60 ' i
But a Better Radio than some selling at three times the
Freshman Master Piece Price . ' ;.
ii Our Price 50
Crosley Radios priced for the purse 1 1 14. SO to I12A.00.
I; Here's a splendid buy Crosley No. 51 a 2 tube set
at $18.50, -L ;
The Dubilier Super Ducon Colonel William Dubfller's Latest
Success takes the place of batteries. Priced at $47.50; pur's
.$38.50. . - -! "I '
j . - . Sonora Radio Tubes, each $3.50 t
! OOODE ELECTRIC COMPANY f
; j Rayford T. Goode, Manager, Graduate Electrical Engineer, ;
1 ISO Jefferson St., Salem,' Oregon f
make flying less hazardous. This
involved the consideration of
many factors, among them the
Improvement of the equipment,
laying out and marking air routes
and the creation of proper facili
ties along them. With landing
fields at proper intervals, many of
the risks of flying would be elim
inated. - i ' -.
"That there are comparatively
few casualties suffered by the air
mail .is marked evidence of the
i safety with which a well desig
nated air route, one along which
there are enough landing fields,
may be traversed. Theee air mall
pilots flew over 2,000,000 miles
without a single fatality. On the
British and Dutch air lines dur
ing the 'past three years the aver
age number of passenger air miles
to reach passenger fatality was
2,663.000. Prior to 1913 for a
number of years there waa an
average of one passenger casualty
on our jallroads for about every
2,000,000 passenger miles.
"In lact it is believed conclu
sive evidence already exists that
air travel under proper conditions
can be -conducted with a degree
of regularity, safety and dispatch
sufficient to establish it ar a sig
nificant; additional channel of
commerce in the transportation
resources of a nation."
anyone, without going up in the
air.' P ! '
Keep Smiling
Chiropractic keeps you fit.
Service that produces
HEALTH J
At a Minimum of Cost.
Dr. Gof frier, 226 Oregon
Bldgr. Phone 551. j I Irs.
10-12, 2-6, and by appoint-ment.
SUPOSE THEY HAD TO PAY
FOR IT
Missouri newspaper men have
appqinted a committee to devise
ways of combating the efforts of
politicians to get free newspaper
space. In view of the tendency
to combat evils by statute, we
suggest that it be made corrupt
practice for any candidate to get
more than $10,000 worth of news
paper mention, measured at mini
mum space rate. National Adver
tising. ".
Denmark Is the greatest bicycle
riding country in the world to
day, but Mr. Ford has started In,
with his new branch factory at
Copenhagen, to make them ride
on four wheels instead of two.
The Pathfinder.
O. J. Hull Auto
Top & Paint Co.
Specials for Xmas
Week
Ford Radiator Coyers
$3.00
Chevrolet Radiator
Covers $3.50 j
All makes to order.
Ford lops (put on while
you wait) at a price you
can afford to pay. :
UTOTQi
17
ihi!'.i,iii
iiii'ic tiilllr'Siil'Miiii
Woe to the man with a weak
heart! "Yellow aircabs' are lat
est in Chicago. Watching the an
tics of a taxi fare-meter on terra
firma is a big enoygh Jolt for
Fprd rear g2ass lights
2 set, 90c I
Overland rear glass
lights, 2 set, $2.25
See Our California Sliding
Panel Top being completed
the top - you have been
waiting for. ,
O. J. Hull Auto
Top & Paint Co.
217 STATE STREET
it f '
am
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Electrify
Your Home
Even Santa appreciates the warm glow
of the electric heater after braving the
cold wintry winds.
This and many other electric appliances
make charming Christmas gifts. 7
Just think of breakfast every mbrning
with the coffee jnade right at the table in
your own percolator and crisp hot toast
made at the same time on your electric
toaster. ?
Besides these rvvo important necessities,
no home is complete without a vacuum
cl"tner and an electric iron.
These are just a fewofthe home com
forts which make most welcome Christm2 1
gifts and may be found at
BROWNELL ELECTRIC COMPANY
Phone 953 397 State