THE OREGON STATESMAN, SALEM, OREGON
THURSDAY MORNING, OCTOBER 30, 1924
i
i
SELLING SALE
ICT
1 1 10
M
DISTR
We Will
Give Our
Best
4
L -I
?
GIDEON STOLZ CO.
Manufacturers of -
, ; Dependable Brand
Lime-Sulphur Sofation
The brand1 yon ran depend on for
. jMirity and test.
U"'" '.I N: " " 1 '
Prices upon application
Factory near corner of
Summer and Mill St.
: Salem, Oregon.-
W Ar Out After Two Millions
'. We are Snow paring orer three
quarters of a million dollars a year
to the dairymen of tbi section
for niilk. ..J
"Marion Butter"
" Is the Best Butter
More Cows and Better Cows
; Is the crying need
a MARION CREAMERY
& PRODUCE CO.
Salem, Ore. Phone 2488
Next Week's Slogan
i Subject Is!
if! CHEAT
NUT
1. HIHI IKES FILBERTS HIS
IIOBBY AND PLEASURE ATJD REGREATIOJU
He Has Collected and Tried
warns new urowers mat
me Leaa 01 ine Men wno
mo i l uofjcuiivciy uiccii
Editor Statesman: v
1 , Your letter requesting some
thins on filberts receiTed.
Your filbert number is timely
and good. ,
It is about 40 years ago that
filberts came to our notice; never
realizing until about 10 years
back what the possibilities were
and the wonderful future there is
in the nuts that grow in the tem
perate zone here in our beautiful
' Willamette valley.' At that time
-1 "wrote that one with some love
BiitterNut
Bread
v tThe Richer, Finer LoaF'
CHERRY CITY
BAKERY
"W IlfI: I Our Method:
V-Th Bast Only - Cooperation
Capital City
Co-cperative Creamery
A non-profit organization owned
mtirvly by the dairymen. Gire n
trial. : .. !. ( . - J . I
ilanafactarers of Bnt'.ercnp Batter
"At your Grocer'' a
PkoiM 299
13? S. Com'l St.
DIXIE HEALTH BREAD
Ask Your Grocer
For Years
And Years
'' i ::.'-J .!(', "'. ; '. : ' , :.
The Statesman lias been
supplying the wants of the
critical job printing trade
Proof positive we are
printers of worth and merit.
Modern equipment and
ideas are the ones that get
by. .
Statesman
Publishing
Company
Phone 23 or 383
215 S. Com'l St.
Devoted
1 and Opportunities of
The Way to Build Up Your Home Town Is to
; Patronize Your Home People
Selling
Out Many Varieties, But He
They Would Better Follow
Have Done the Pioneering in
inuusiry in inis uisinci
for nut lore, time a-plenty, and a
flivver, would get an eye full, and
no need of going to Europe, Asia
or Africa to find some new fil
berts, as most of the good ones
aje here now, as they have been
imported years ago and their cor
rect names and identity lost; only
they have been kept as a light un
der a bushel, and their owners now
see that no good can be done by
trying to keep them all for them
selves and having the reputation
of a NUT miser. It has been the
hobby and pleasure of the writer
and his genial i life partner. We
have had the privilege of seeing
many nut groves, and I collected
trees, thereby passing on the as
sembled facts to the Western Xut
association, with the assistance of
our secretary, Prof. C." E. Schus
ter, Corvallis, who has done more
to stimulate the' nut industry than
any other known agency. All the
work and time are an open book.
The gatherings are an asset to any
one who is interested.
Keep Eyes mul Ears Open
To the one trying to break into
the nut growing game our recom
mendation is for him to keep eyes
and ears open, mouth closed there
by saving time and not causing
any useless debating with those
who made the SHORT CUT in nut
growing. j . .
In nearly every mature grove
there are one or more trees that
have Bome excellent quality in
them. , It is not always essential
to have a giant tree or a Jumbo
type nut. (A Jersey cow has the
best butter record.) The growers
that we look up that have ideal
groves have from two to five types
of bearing Barcelonas as the foun
dation stock, which is of much as
sistance in cross pollinizatiou, 50
to 80 is O.K. and the ever neces
sary other varieties must be sys
tematically placed to cause good
pollenization orf no fruit of any
consequence will be the positive
result. r :.
We now have 45 varieties in our
grove .and these varieties are only
from proven trees. Of the ultim
ate result there is no question in
our minds. There are a number
of seedling groves of V doubtful
value. Some trees came from un
scrupulous so called nurserymen,
and others of. pedigreed and hand
pollenized nuts.; Of the former
grove of 300 or 400 trees, there
were one Barcelona, three Diviana,
two Giant De Halle. I actually
examined a number of trees with
mature nuts as large as common
vetch seed; and the rascals are
layering the whole grove and have
sold thousands of trees in the past
as Barcelona- mostly the Diviana
or DuChilly and Giant De Halle,
or White Avaline, all at bargains;
half prices. ;
Three ? other seedling groves
have some good nuts. ( These men
deserve much praise for the good
work in trying to advance, al
though the percentage of chances
Is very small for! them to get any
thing better than we now have.
Others have done this for us some
centuries ago; so don't waste your
valuable time playing with seed
lings. . Do not get any trees from
any one where you cannot see the
trees, or who has not the reputa
tion of passing on good breeding
stock. ; V " -
Do not let any one tell you they
have a monopoly on any one vari
ety, as that is like of old, "what
is told you in secret is being
preached from the housetops
There are three or, more old groves
HT
to Showing Salem Bistrict People the Advantages
Salem District is a Continuation of the Salem
This campaign
possible by the
l
spnnted business men men whose untiring efforts have builded our
present recognized prosperity and who are ever striving for greater and
yet greater progress as the! years
with the newly named Clackamas
and a good nut it is. The"correct
original name has been lost tem
porarily and a half acre of groves
with Giant De Halle, a seedling
of 1788; some from Europe direct,
others from Mr. Felix Gillette's
nursery in Nevada, Calif.; others
from Stores & Harrison in Ohio
years ago, and one man is holding
his trees at $5 per. Of the last
named 5 growing trees layered by
myself from the original, and the
owner had three come by mail, and
the Giant De Halle' bore nuts the
second year and continuously had
a good crop for a number of years,
and the other two nearby always
blooming in season but no nuts;
sd the owner destroyed the sup
posed lazy trees thereby destroy
ing the prolific bearing quality,
and now others are being planted
So correct the mistake of de
stroying the pollenizers.
, Many Were Lost
It is our firm belief that many
early plantings were lost by im
proper care in their first years of
planting, and crowding them out
with robber crops. The grand
old men in the nut game will point
out with much pride the best part
of their grove where the old barn
once stood on the parking place in
stock pasture. Thus nature tells
us that good old barn manure is
helpful and always welcome to any
growing tree. A scattered hand
ful of bonemeal in the newly made
hole will not be amiss, or any
thing of a meat or fish nature
sparingly used where the roots
can feed. 1
Our own Senator, Charles L.
McNary wrote a phamphlet years
ago on the filbert in which we are
told that in Spain the groves
are along the rivers or bottom
lands. . That is the place where
the Barcelona originated. ; We
note that the well drained bottom
land filberts are more prolific
than on the uplands. OAC Sta
tion Bulletin No. 208 is the best
short cut work ever written and
published; "Growing Filberts in
Oregon." We have six acres in
growing filberts. This is our rec
reation. -
H. A. II ANN EM AN.
Portland, Oregon, r-j
Oct. 28, 1924.
(The address of Mr. Hanneman
is 306 Pine street. He is a
member of the firm of Hanneman
& Johanson, painting, paper hang
ing and tinting: Ed.) i
BEE MOTHS IVlflY BE
Notes On Care of the Busy
Workers From Oregon
Agricultural College :
Wax moths or bee moths
sometimes attack a colony and
do a great deal of damage, says
H. A. Scullen, bee specialist at
the Oregon Agricultural college.
When the moths or larvae are
not too numerous they may." be
removed i by hand. In severe
cases the colony is fumigated
with carbon bisulf led. ; '
All cracks are tightly closed and
then a tablespooiaful of carbon
bisulfide is poured on a cloth laid
over the top of the hive. It is
best to dd thi3 in mild weather as
the gas generated from the evap
oration ; of the carbon bisulfide
will have more effect. The gas is
allowed to act for 24 hours. As
carbon bisnlfied Is explosive, care
is taken to keep all matches, cig
arettes and other burning articles
away from it. J
Wax moths do not normally at
tack a strong colony, so after they
have been cleaned up It is well to
investigate the cause. This weak
ened condition may be due to dis
ease, queenlessness, lack of stores.
or some other cause.
HE
BY HAND
and Its Cities and :iT6wns
Pep and jPr ogress; Campaign
of publicity for community upbuilding has been made
advertisements placed on these pages by. our public-
' i I m. I m. .mm m . m' Mm m , m I
NOTES ON FILBERT CULTURE BY THE
,' - -' ' -. . .
. BEST AUTHORITY IN UNITED STATES
Prof. Schuster of the Oregon Agricultural College Is No
Boomer, But He Believes Filberts Here Will Yield a
Profit However the Industry Cannot Be Successfully
Carried Forward Without Intelligence, Care and Labor
Editor Statesman-;
Some fruits, through cultivation.
have, in the past centuries, been
widely scattered and adapted to
a wide range of climatic conditions
and to a large number of coun
tries. Fruits like the apple-have
been widely disseminated and var
ieties have been developed with
special value to the different sec
tions. While no one variety is
universally grown I with equal
success there are many different
varieties some suited to one place
and others suited to, other places.
While the filbert has been
known for over 2000 'years," its
cultivation has not progressed to
any extent in the lands of its na
tivity, nor has the commercial pro
duction spread over any greater
area than has. been known for
some time. ; !
Xo Orchards lit East
Among the early, horticultural
writings of the United States, we
find references to the filbert and
in some cases a description of
varieties. - Of course this referred
to the eastern part Of the United
States, yet today there are no
bearing orchards in! that section
while mature bearing trees are
practically unknown.' Apparently
one drawback has; been the east
ernlbert blight .which is a fungus-disease.'
According to some
men interested in filberts they
have imported varieties that are
immune to this trouble. It may
be that such is the case or that it
may be possible to control it by
sprays. As yet there are but lew
plantings, none of any commercial
importance, though some recent
plantings have the possibility of
assuming commercial importance
in the future. -j ';.''
Some Old Trees Here
In the Pacific isdrthwest. fil
bert trees have been! growing for
50 to 60 years, while-Jfor 20 to 30
years definite attempts have been
made Jo build up this industry. It
has lately been brought to mind
that filberts have a possibility of
being- a successful crop for this
country. j -
; In that territory .west of the
Cascade mountains artd east of the
Coast Range, the filberts have
been successful This territory
extends from the j Umpqua river
valley no,rth into the correspond
ing part of the state, of Washing
ton. Though the wild. hazel grows
abundantly west of j the 1 Coast
Range, the filbert itself has not
yet been demonstrated as success
ful. East of the Cascade moun
tains, the filbert is beiug planted
in small lots for testing it out.
Large plantings would i be very
much of an experiment.
Not Above 10H Feet '
I Since up to this tim the proven
possibility of the filbert is more
or less limited in geographical
area, the idea should! not become
prevalent that the filbert will be
successful on all locations. At
what elevations thy can be plant
ed, no one knows Anything
above 1000 feet will be an experi
ment. While the wild hazel
grows at elevations- much higher
than that, it is usually more like
a bush than a tree and probably
the filbert might behave in a sim
ilar manner. . I ' J
This article .will make no at
tempt to demonstrate or prove that
the filbert is destined to become a
leader in horticulture, or that any
one taking up the growing of fil
berts is bound by circumstances
to make a success. It is the be
lief of the author that the growing
Their
Own
The Surest Way to Get More and Larger Industries
Is to Support Those You Have
go by.
of filberts will, where properly
handled, prove profitable.,
r From a study of influencing con
ditions, it cannot be seen that this
industry is bound to be the most
profitable in returns per acre or
the easiest to grow from all view
points. It, is the aim to mention
a few things noticed, in going over
the country, that are going to
cause failures and not successes in
many cases.
Must Have Right Ixcation
One of the most noticeable vio
lations of plant requirements is
in soil and locations. Just be
cause the wild hazel grows well
along creek and river banks where
moisture is abundant,, should and
does not mean that the filbert can
be grown on poorly drained lauds
with a high water table. The .ill
bert is very sensitive to stagnant
water such as is found on poorly
drained soils, and while the trees
live as long as any other type cf
tree under the same circumstance
it is more apt to be a bush or very-
poor tree. Filberts I must have
weil drained, deep soil with a nat
ural fertility, or the chance of de
veloping fertility. '
If anyone makes a trip through
the Willamette valley, it is brought
forcibly to mind that many plant
ings are doomed to failure. The
irees are niamng a: very 1 poor
growth. Late in the summer they
show a decided need of moisture
due doubtless 'to the fact that the
root "system w-as drowned out dur
ing the winter and the plant jwas
unable to take in sufficient mois
ture when the greatest need was
felt. Even, if the trees 'do bear.
they will seldom bear large nuts,
as the size of the nut is dependent
on moisture as is any fruit. Trees
under those conditions are unable
to furnish enough moisture for
proper growth. "
They Xeed Good Care
Hand in hand with poor soil aud
locations can be noticed poor care.
The attempt to grow an orchard
by sticking the trees into thp
ground and waiting for nature tp
do the rceti will naturally be
doomed. f Filbert trees, regardless
of method of propagation, have
a tendency to sucker.. Unless
these suckers are kept down, the
strength of the tree will go into
the suckers and not, into the' tree
proper. So long as the work of
removing suckers is delayed, just
so much more work is involved
with the danger of extensive suck-
vuiig .uiier --inat. ui the root-
stocks; used today all will sucker
more or less. While" it may be
claimed that seedling root stocks
are uokerless. f It i must be
noted ".that each seedling wifl be
have independently, some probably
suckering little, others , heavily.
Observe how the filbert varieties
vary in thte,i and then remember
that the original Irco of e:kh vari
ety was a seedling. . ;
As the puckering has been neg
lected. so has cultivation." Al
though the grower is dealing with
a hardy tree and a hard fruit, op
timum conditions as ;to moisture
pre necessary for best growth and
consequently for heavy fruit pro
duction, i
" Fairly Disease Free
The; filbert tree is" naturally
fairly free from insects and dis
eases irp to the, present time. Dur
ing 1924, considerable loss has
been suffered from the western
filbert blight, which la a bacterial
disease.. Many young trees have
been lost by the girdling of the
trees when the cankers were form
ed. This disease is especially no
Country
ticeable in young trees, seldom dof
ing any damage after the third or
fourth year. In 1924; climatic
conditions seemed to be very fav
orable for its spread. This can be
combatted by keeping'down suck
era, opening up the tree and cut
ting out the diseased j portions
Especial care is necessary in work
ing around the trees, as the dis
ease is1 as easily spread as fire
blight on pears. In cutting out
wood, the tools and wounds should
be; thoroughly disinfected. , For
maldehyde is good for this pur
pose, or Reimer's solution of one
part mercuric chloride, one part
cyanide of . mercury and 500 parts
of water. This latter solution is
very poisonous, so should be han
dled with care.
Apparently all plantings in the
state are infected with the filbert
blight and it is with us to stay,
but the simple measures given
above will help control it: It is
doubtful if many plantings' escape
some loss from this trouble.
One Big : Advantage
One advantage that looms big
for the filbert seems to be its re
sistance to froet Ordinary frosts
have no effect on the bloom. In
this country, the trees normally
bloom during January and Febr
uary. In spite of the inclement
weather met with at thatj time of
the; year, the filbert is a pretty
sure cropper. The freedom from
frost damage makes it especially
valuable in Hose places where soil
conditions are excellent, but there
are constant 'losses from frost
when other fruits are j planted
there. . . . ,r
f The Competition
With a fruit that is a good crop
per and easy to grow with a com
parative freedom from insect and
disease troubles, the prospective
prices will naturally be df inter
est.? It would be of no use to raise
large crops that did not bring a
profit. . "
The filberts that ths country
raises will necessarily have to
compete with filberts from the
lands around the Mediterranean
sea,: as this Is the countrji- where
they-are raised in large quatities.
A study ot consular I reports
shows that the; prices for these
nuts in those pountries ranges
from 4 to 11 cents a pound. This
means that they can be laid down
in-American ports for 8 to 15 cents
a pound. , j
The duty into this 'country is
2 Vi cents a pound unshellcd or 5
cents shelled. As walnuts and al
monds have a higher tariff attach
ed to them...it is possible that fil
berts will in time have ah addi
tional duty placed on themi.
Most of the filberts imported
are of an inferior grade, but cer
tain; shipments have come into
this! country from Europo that
were of such: quality that i whole
salers refused to pay a premium
for American grown nuts, If a
few Ismail shipments can arrive in
thatj shape, more may be expected
in' the future. As trade demands
have forced an improvement in
handling almonds ?in those same
countries,-the same may happen in
the case of the filberts. .
v- Great Supplies in Eni-oate . .
European countries have; larger
quantities to ship to this country.
We are importing, about 30. 000.-
000 pounds of- filberts when com
puted on the unsheiled basis. Most
of these came from Italy,! Spain
and Turkey. Spain and Italy ex
port upwards of 50,000.000 pounds
annually. Before the war, Tur
key Jhad exported, as much as
lfHjUtnj.uuo pounds in one year.
This material is again finding its
way to our markets."
WIU Yield a Profit
Hut' even It the price per pound
should go low, the cost of produc
ing ; is relatively low when pro
duced well. Orchards that go
above the average will undoubted
ly pay. If we take England's fig
ures,! the average will be about
1000J pounds per acre. Al that
yield; filberts ; will yield a profit
and it would seem, that the grow
ers going into the industry should
Slogan and
Why suffer with Stomach Trouble when Chiropractic will
Remove the Cause
Honrs: lO to 12-a.
FROM TIE OUTSTlDlfJG PIDFJEER OF
THE FILBERT 111
George A. Dorris Says Only One Branch of the Industry Ha:
So Far Been put on a Firm Foundation, the Certainty cf
the Ability to Produce Quantity and Quality Road
Clear Ahead for the Other Branches
Filberts have been grown in the
Willamette valley in a small way
for over twenty years.. Of late
years the plantings have been
steadily ' though slowly increasing
as have the crops. The total acre
age and the aggregate production,
insignificant as they now are from
a commercial standpoint, are nev
ertheless of the highest impor
tance. They point with unerring
certainty to the development of a
new and special horticultural pur
suit in this valley: ; .
These small experiments have
demonstrated beyond . doubt, that
herethe tree will grow as vigor
ously, will bear as regularly and
abundantly, and the: nuts will be
as fine as in the most favored fil
bert growing sections of the Old
World; a distinction that to date
can only be accorded to one other
locality in America, bur neighbor
ing western Washington. That
these sections can In time supply
the national demand for filberts
there can also be no doubt. That
they will eventually; do so to the
profit of the growers and the
fame of the Pacific Korthwest is a
reasonable expectation.
Work For the Future
But up. to date let it not be for
gotten, only one branch of the in
dustry has been put on a firm
foundation by those who have pio
neered the way-that is the cer
tainty of the ability , to produce
quantity and quality; Those who
come after must do their part to
ward cooperation to make prices
attractive. Remember that the
people of the United: States know
only the cheaper imported filbert.
Those of you who have used many
of them can readily understand
why they are not in greater de
mand. The blanks often run as
high as 25 per cent or higher, and
it is rare that a pound will not
contain many nuts with rancid
kernels', and a few rancid kernels
soon cure ithe , most voracious
appetite for filberts. The imported
filbert is used in I this county
largely in mixed nuts, which are
worked off on the unsuspecting
and not overly particular kiddies
on holiday trees. The superior
merits of the northwestern grown
filbert Is not generally known, and
unless special efforts are taken to
make its merits known it is apt to
be classed with thei Inferior im-
figure on a low steady Income pro
ducing nroDerty rather ; than ! a
gold mine affair. From Individ
ual tree records enormous yields
per acre can be figured out.- So
it can with other fruits, but no
one has attained those possibili
ties. :- ' !
I Taken all in all. ithe filbert
should be a good thing over, fa
term of years, and especially good
to combine with other fruits. ;
There are no fixed; spray sche
dules and so on to $ follow, but
within reason they can be worked
with other fruits, thus adding an
other line of production to Ore
gon's many resources; i
C. E. SCHUSTER.
Corvallis, Ore. '. J
Oct. 28. 1D24. 1
(A prominent man engaged, in
the filbert Industry, in the Salem
district; is authority. for the state
ment that Prof. Schuster is , the
best posted man In; the; United
States on filbert culture, and es
pecially on pollination problems
connected with the industry. Prof.
Schuster is assistant horticultur
it ot-tha-X)regou .Agricultural col
lege, Ed. ) - . ----" - -
Effort:
At all times to assist in
anjr possible way the devel
opment ot the fruit and
berry industries in this val
ley. -
Oregon
Pacldns
Co.
Your Health Begins When
You Phone 87
For An Appointment .
DR. O. L. SCOTT '
P. S. C. Chiropractor
llay Laboratory 414 to 419 U. S. National
Bank Building
m. and 2 to 6 p. m.
stry in on:
ported stuff. . I do not claim that
all , imported filberts are of that
low grade, but . enough of that
kind is always in all markets that
the discriminating purchaser 13
apt to pass them by.
. Same as -Walnut Growers
In every new market we enter
we will find ourselves up against
such compet'ition. We will be la
the same condition as the early
walnut growers who had to sell
their product in competition with
inferior and cheap Imported wal
nuts. ; But the walnut growers
have solved their problem by co
operation and they have found
that the consumers are willing to
pay for quality when it can bo
guaranteed. They now set their
prices regardless of prices on i De
ported stuff and the crop movei
and consumption is enormously
stimulated.
Because of its undoubted su
periority. the Oregon and Wash,
ington grown filbert through prep
er cooperation will command a
like premium and the consumption
will likewise be enormously in-,
creased,
Sell to Appreciative Bayers
It is not our present purpose to
outline a plan of cooperation,
further than this. See to it that
all the filberts you put on the
market are clean and all the
blanks .have been floated out. That
is a very simple and Inexpensive
process, and will justify you in
asking more and the consumer in
paying more than for the Import
ed nut. Sell your filberts to deal
ers who hare some regard for
quality and who have sufficient
state pride to help you in estab
lishing a new industry at no cost
to themselves. The writer can
testify that there. arc many such.
Our production is yet too small to
reach for. so for the present wo
had better satisfy our home mar
kets. and establish an enviable
reputation for quality, and we can
expand as the production.
- "Will Re Good Market
From the reports of a trial
shipment of 500 pounds made last
year to a dealer jn the oast the
writer feels confident that there
will be no difficulty In. disposing
of all filberts that we will raise
at remunerative prices. The west
ern walnut has paved the way for
the equally superior northwestern
filberts. Let us t first thoroughly
establish for the filbert a home
reputation and it will soon be na
tionwide. It is tending in that
direction now.
"The- filberts were received.
They are the best. of the kind we
have ever seen. Hope, the time
will soon come when you can ship
in quantity." That Is the opinion
and those the words of a promi
nent eastern dealer to whom sam
ples were sent last year. We have
the quality and that fart will' soon
be generally recognized.
GEOrA. DORRTS.
Springfield, Or., Oct. 25, 1924.
Don't Sow Too Deep
Deep planting of fall grain.!" to
Inches, sometimes results in
winter killing in Oregon, as the
plants emerge in a weakened con- .
ditlon and are thus susceptible to
the winter injury. The rieht
depth to plant is the depth that
will give prompt sprouting4-gen-
erally about 1 to 2 inches, re
ports the experiment station.'
Some small boys arc abnormal.
but most of them spit with sreit
frequency and proficiency.