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About The Oregon statesman. (Salem, Or.) 1916-1980 | View Entire Issue (Sept. 4, 1924)
4 dud Yoajj cmzy TODAY TEN PAGES PI Saleiu the renter of a largo area- over , two. hundred miles pf paved highways lead to this city. SALEM, OREGON, THURSDAY MORNING,! SEPTEMBER 4, 1924 SEVENTY-FOURTH YEAR PRICE FIVE CENTS ( i i J If". i i if ! ! I 1 v i v i HERRIfl HOLDS FUNERAL FOR .Services Held for Dead . Evidence Laid Before Cor. i oner's Jury Seems to Side . With .Ku Klux Klan CITY STILL UNDER RULE BY MILITARY Eighteen MUiiiamen Kept on Hand Under. Command of Captain Bigelow HERRIN. 111., Sept. 3. (By As isociated Press.) The Ku Klux I Klan today burled the last of Its ! dead; elain in the battle fought on I one of Ilerrin's streets Saturday ! while Coroner William McCown rand his jury of, six. men Inquired into the .causes of the fight and i sought to learn who was- respon sible. 'The .evidence laid before the jury was more or less conflict ing, and barring one witness, Mrs. Chester Reid, widow, of one of the men killed,- the : testimony plainly was for the side of the klan. The other side , Ignored the Inquiry. Sheriff George Galllgan said' he would not testify at the inquest as "it didn't mean anything" but that he would wait for the con vening of the grand jury at Marion September 22, i Deputies Won'tAppear. ' His statement also was taken as an indication that none of his deputies would appear. The jury, after waiting most of the after noon for witnesses adjourned un til 9 o'clock tomorrow morning,, Charles Willard was the klans- jnan. burled .today. Impressive "ceremonies were held for him and he was Interred with all honors the Ku Klux Klan bestow on om of their own, ; I ' ' - ;r f Four protestant ministers of ficiated at the services held at the ; First Methodist church at Herrin. The edifice, was packed with peo ple while several hundred, unable to get in, remained on the out- . cide. ' ; - HERRIN. 111., Sept. 3. (By As sociated Press'.) The iron hand of t military, rule asserted itself here today while the inquest was being held into the deaths of the six men slain In Williamson coun ty's latest clash. It was edict of Captain Harold Bigelow, In com mand of the eighteen militiamen who have been kept here to. pre vent a renewal t of civil warfare, that prevented the local klan from appearing: in public in klan regalia at the funeral of one of the vic tims of last Saturday's affray be tween klansmen and Sheriff Galll gan and his force, and again It was Captain BIgelow's order that dis suaded the sheriff from cdming over iram Marion thsl afternoon to get the automobile he had in tended to seize Saturday when the clash resulted. . Regalia . Is Forbidden. When it became known that the klansmen contemplated appearing in their-regalia at the funeral of Charles Willard,' Captain Bigelow sent word to klan officers, that they would not be permitted to ap pear on the street with their regalia but that they could don them at the .grave and remove them before leaving the cemetery, Prior to- instructing Sheriff Galllgan to appear at military headquarters here Immediately at Herrin Bigelow ordered the sheriff to abandon his avowed Intention of coming to Herrin with a ma chine gun and had also instructed Deputy," Sheriff Ora Thomas, who participated in Saturday's clash not to enter Herrin. - : .. The coroner's inquest adjourned at 3 o'clock this afternoon until 9 o'clock' tomorrow morning. The jury spent most' of the afternoon waiting for witnesses to appear. TOE WEATHER OREGON; Fair in east' and cloudy In the west portion Thursday; probably light rain 1 on immediate coast, no change ; In temperature: moderate winds mostly" northerly. ' LOCAL. WEATHER (Wednesday) Maximum temperature, 87. Minimum temperature,- 53., Hainfall,: none. River, 2.4. Atmosphere,., clear. Wind, northwest. - - . SOME BOURBONS WANT KU KLUX KLAN IN RANKS Belief Expressed By Demo crats That- KKK Should Be Kept Within Fold AUSTIN. Texas, Sept. 3. A strong antl-klan platform includ ing a plank, favoring laws which will require the; membership of the Ku Klux Klan to be published was adopted today at the closing session of the democratic state convention. In addition the con vention endorsed and ratified the nomination of Mrs. Miriam A. Ferguson of Temple for governor. ' Many speakers? voiced the senti ment that it was not desirable to drive klansmen from the party. Rather, it was declared, it was desired that the klan abandon what was said to have been at tempts to dominate the party and stay within the! fold, ; Speakers such as, Joseph j Weldon Bailey, former United States senator, and James E. Ferguson, husband of Mrs. Miriam Ferguson,, the nomi nee for governor, joined in the plea to the klan to purge itself and stay in Its political home. WALES WES Sees Practice of Polo Play ers Without Being Hailed j By the Crowds SYOSSET, N.Y Sept. 3 The Prince of Wales gets credit for an achievement today. He witnessed the polo practice of members of the British and American inter national teams on two different grounds and was seen by only a small part of the crowds gathered at either place, f Before - driving to the polo grounds he rode over, to Locust Valley and paid a call at the home ofJohn TTDavis, the democratic nominee for president. Mr. Davis, who was embassador to Great Britain from 1918 to 1921 was in the west on a campaigning tour, but Mrs. Davis received the prince.' -. - At the Meadow 'Brook club. where the international matches will be played,; a large crowd as sembled to see the British poloists play a Bcratch game against " an American four. The royal guest, accompanied by his equerries, sat on a camp chair at the end of the field west of the main gate. Photographers found . him out but he let them snap away without hindrance. He appeared to be less apprehensive of photographs 1- than of the crowds. ; I U ': ' SI FRANCISCO Forerunners of Battle Fleet Make Trip From Medford in One Day SAN FRANCISCO, Sept. 3. Eight navy planes, forerunners ol the battle fleet which will arrive here tomorrow carrying Secretary of the Navy j Curtis D. Wilbur, landed at Crissy field today, com pleting a trip! from Medford, Or. The fliers left Medford early to day. - ; j :" Preparations to welcome Secre tary Wilbur and the battle squad ron of some SO craft, were being completed today by navy officers and civic and marine officials. CHIP The Statesman Party of Salem Girls at Newport Are Having Great Times v. i;n , : ;: . ... .- The Statesman girls (ihe win ners in the seashore contest) are having a great time, according to Fred D. Coffden, who phoned from there last night. I They took in the movies and the skating ring on Tuesday eve ning, and . having started , early from Salem and had. an eventful day, were ready to retire early ( for Newport ) , at 10 : 3 0 to 1 1. They were all up early yester day morning and after breakfast took-a hike on the bay; beach and around the , point to the ocean beach, and back to Newport. Then,- In the afternoon they had a fishing party on the- bay,' and some of them caught flounders, torn-cod, and a lot of crabs. - They US SECRETARY IS STARTING IB Russian Statement Asserts That Secretary of State Hughes Is Precipitating War iri China AMERICAN MONEY SAID i TO BE INFLUENTIAL Attempt Being Made to Re peat Boxer Memorandum of 1901, Is Claim MOSCOW. Sept. 3. ( By The Associated , Press ) "r Secretary of State Hughes is precipitating the civil war in China, the news paper Izvestia asserts today in dis cussing the attitude of the United States towards the hostilities in ChlnaV ;' r - ij The newspaper declares that Mr. Hughes is feeling uneasy be cause since' her agreement; with Russia, China is acknowledging her own national aims and is striving to thrust off the yoke of foreign capitalists. Mr. ' Hughes, it adds. Is afraid for the future of American interests in China which he considers S3 a. colony for grow ing American Industrialism. Am erica is charged by the newspaper with violation of the decision of the Washington conference In re gard to China. $ "While Mr. Hughes is so afraid Lot civil war in China," the news paper continues, "we believe the coming conflagration there which is being eagerly anticipated by the American press, will be ar ranged on American money . and in accordance with plans set forth 'by Mr. Hughes who is using the pretext" of civil war In' order to organize a united front of the great powers against China. It is his. intention to repeat provo cation with Ithe purpose of re-es tablishing the Boxer memorandum of. 1901 which, made the world capital the warden of China." Plunging Auto Results In Serious Casualties STEVENSON. Wash.. Sept. 3. Irving Dodge, Portland, was kill ed. Mrs. H. L. St. Clair of Gresh- am. Ore., was seriously injured, and four other persons received minor injuries near here today when the automobile in which they; were riding plunged from the road over a 30 foot embank ment. The accident occurred on the highway k between Stevenson and Carson. Causeiof the acci dent was not known here. Those slightly injured were B. A. Gould, Winnifred and Mildred St. Clair, daughters of Mrs. St. Clair, and Mrs. Irving Dodge, widow of the man killed.' All were from Gresham. Woman Burned to t Death in Flames OREGON CITY. Sept. 3. Mrs. Laura"; WUcrit, 28, was burned to death late today in a fire which destroyed the home of E. W. Meeks at Milwaukie. ' Neighbors who rushed In to save furniture did not know Mrs. Wllcrlt was! in the house. Her body was found in the ruins by O. A. Pace, coroner of Clackamas county-Mrs. WU crit, who was a widow, had been staying with 'the Meeks family. The house took fire presumably from the explosion of an oil stove. enjoyed Immensely this sportv Dance in the Evening u Last evening they , were given a dancing party at the Log Cabin, with a good crowd, the orchestra having come from Toledo. f Lester Martin, for the Kewport Chamber of Commerce, is still act ing as "daddy" for the party. To day they go to the light house and will spend the day in that direc tlon. They will take' their lunch. put up for them by Mr. Johnson of; the Log Cabin. '. ' r:l -They had fairly good weather at Newport yesterday. K Fred D. Cof -feen acknowledged over the phone that he Is still splitting wood for this seashore party of Salem young ladies. ED MAC DONALD IS NOT IN FAVOR OF MEET IN U. S. British Prime Minister Favors Holding Disarmament Con-. :;. ference in Europe . GENEVA. Sent. 3. (By AP.)- The British prime minister Ram-; say mac uonaia, aeciarea lonignij that he favored holding the pro- posed disarmament conference in Europe, instead ot,Washington be cause it should be attended by the premiers -of Europe who would thus be able to devote time to the conference. DOES HOT BELIEVE, DOeSillSICE The Case of the Complain Concerning Dogs Kept on South High St. R. J. O'Leary. concerning whos dogs a complaint was made at the meeting of the Salem city council on Tuesday evening, regards him Belt-as injured by the attack of the petitioners asking that Mi dogs be declared a nuisance and1 removed from their vicinity; which petition is in the hands of the committee on health and po4 lice of the city fathers. j A Lover of Dogs " I Mr. O'Leary Is well known as a lover of good dogs, and as a competent dog fancier. He has a German police dog with five cham pions of his pedigree, and three beagle hounds bred from lield trial stock; all registered. And he has no pups now. J He pays the prescribed license fees on his dogs, and, in accord ance with the city ordinance, does not let them run loose, and he owns bis home at 1990 South High street and pays the taxes on it. Moreover, he keeps the orem; ises where he has his dog's ii sanitary condition, and there is no chance for offensive odors, for he personally sees to it that absolute cleanliness Is maintained. Mr. O'Leary declares also that he can prove by the testimony of near neighbors that his dogs do not howl at night. Mr. O'Leary cautioned the re- (Contlmitd on paga 6) FLIERS ENTER Damaged Plane Necessitates Stopping One Day at Pictou, Nova Scotia , PICTOU, S. S., Sept. 3. (By the AP.) The two world encircl ing American -army airmen. Lieut. Lowell H. Smith and Lieut. Erik Nelson, with their mechanicians, jumped from Hawkes Bay, Mid., to Pictou, N. S., today. r The flight of 420 miles was made in six hours and" 26 minutes. The fliers left Hawkes bay at 10:12 o'clock, eastern .standard time, and came down on the water here at 4:38 o'clock this after noon. Head winds- and rain squalls somewhat delayed the avi ators, but otherwise they found flying conditions favorable. 1 " Because the late arrival here precluded the possibility of re fueling, oiling and- a general check over the planes before the coming of darkness and owing to a brok en spreader bar on Lieutenant Smith's plane, it was decided that the original plan - to depart for Boston by way of St. Johns, N. B., would not be followed-and that the blrdmen would not take off for United States territory un til Friday morning, u When Smith and Nelson leave here they again will have as com panions. Lieut. Leigh Wade and Lieut. H. H. Ogden$ who were forced out of the flight last month when their plane , was damaged while being holster aboard the cruiser Richmond . after it had been forced down on the jump from the Orkney islands to Ice land. " : '"- ' i " The jump from Hawkes bay to day was made without incident, beyond the breaking of the spread er bar on Lieutenant Smith's machine,- which : did not affect the flying, qualities of the plane. The aviators encountered no1 fog, and except when they met rain squalls here and there they found ex ceptionally good visibility, which enabled them to pick up at long distances the" destroyers and pa trol: vessels which, stood: out to convoy them. USTDIRROVf Edgar A. Bancroft, New Ambassador to Japan and James R. Sheffield, Vv;; X ' ft X - 1 1 1 m At the left is Edgar Addison Bancroft, of Chicago, named as ambassador jtp Japan to succeed Gyrus Woods who resigned . the post in June. " He Is descended from the famous family of his tor land which came to New England in 1C40. Mr. Bancroft, who is 67 years old, was born at Galesburg, Supreme Court Announces List of NewjAdmission! to Law Practice Out of 79 applicants for admis sion to .the I bar In Oregon, who took the state examination under direction- of the state supreme court in July 60 were successful. The list ol successful applicants was made-public by Arthus S. Ben- jo the ou :Thelist iouows: ' i: Earl S. Nelson; , 818 Electric Building, Portland. Frances M. Cummings, -72l E. Twenty-first street, Portland. ; Kenneth M. G. Graham, Y e o n Building, Portland. f David R. Vanderberg, J 0 4 Am herst street. Portland. - Claire D. Wallace, 614 Highland street, Portland. f Emerson U. Sims, 94 East Sixty second street. Portland. ( Roawell DeMott 107 East Twen tieth street, Portland. :? C. E. Zollinger, 611 Corbett Building, Portland.. 1 Merle S Hotchkiss, Court House, Portland. ; -' . ' ' ' C. A. Beckman," 149 East Sixty eighth street North, Portland Charles H. Elrey, 402 Masonic Building, Salem. ; Francis J. McPhelim, 1080 Vaughn street, Portland. Allarick E. Hagglund, 755 High street, Eugene. i , i; - Donald J. Ryan, Gladstone, Ore. Wm. II. Older, 749 Wayland street; Portland." . 1 Louis J. Balbach, Crouch Build ing, Portland, j , ' 1 : J. Mason Ditlard.t. Helens, Or. ' Harold Banta, Walportfc Of. T. F. Wold. Lumberman's Build ing, Portland.! . ' S Albert H. Herndobler, 86.fEast Forty-fourth street, North Port land..! ' . ;!' ' J. S. Moltzner. 1108 Wilcox Building, Portland. Pat H. Donegan, Burns. I John B. McCourt, 1311 Court street, Salem. Wm. Wallace Smith, Salem. Gerald A. Rice, Marsbfield. I. F. Phipps, 468-Market street, Portland. . V . J. ;E. McCall. 450 East Eleventh street, Portland. . ;i l (Continued on pare 2) .. New Route Taken in Climb To Top . of ; Mount Hood Lost, but not knowing it, was the experience Sunday of Otto Hillman of the Hillman Feul com pany and-Martin Geiger, a Salem high school student, who inadver tently selected an original route by which to climb to the summit of Mt. Hood: The pair left Sulfur rock about 15 minutes behind the guide and expected to catch up with him at any moment. Somehow they sel ected the, wrong trail to the sum mit by the east side ascent. Upon reaching the summit five and a half! hours later, they wereJn formed by a forest ranger.- who had been on duty for the last fout years, that to his knowledge the ioute they-came had not been taken by . any, other party. They reached the summit in two houra leas t time: than- it took the eu de to make the climb by the regular route. ' I- . i sim SUCCEED i 1 BAR US TNamed Envoy to Mexico if fit V ',- , :: J '.v. III.; At the right is James Rock well Sheffield of New York City. He has been chosen by President Coolidge to succeed - Charles B. Warren who Uligned earjy in. August as ambassador to Mexico. He, is a member of the law firm of Sheffield and Betts. Mr. Sheffield, who id CO years old, was born at Dubuque, Iowa. B IS CASES Busy Session to Begin Wed nesday, Preparatory for Court Term v Fifteen cases will be brought before the Marlon county grand Jury when It convenes next Wed nesday, according -to a list pre pared yesterday by Lyle J.- Page, deputy district attorney.' Of this number, 13 are In the regular or der, one oh certification and one on appeal. - Several cases are ex pected to be brought before the grand' Jury from other justice courts in the county and it Is probable that at least 20 cases will be investigated. Cases, and charges' to be sub mitted to the grand jury are as follows: I John Hewitt, inoculating an other with an Infectious dsease; George Slaughter, adultery; Earl Snyder, burglary n a dwelling; Walter J. Grear. larceny by em bezzlement; Jack Signet. Perry Derebery and Dave Steward; tres pass; Charles Wilfong, larceny by bailee; Jack Fremont, burglary not in a dwelling; Frank Allen, larceny in a dwelling; G. W. Fish er, larceny; Wong Sam, posses sion of opium; George D. Par dick, obtaining goods under false pretenses; Bert Lyons, larceny of a watch; Lee Ecker, .receiving stolen property; Quentin Holmes, oh certification, accused of being the father of an unborn child and Russell Crossan, on appeal, unlaw ful possession of intoxicating liquor. 1 ': : 00UBLEWED0I1 Root-Powell and Parmentier- Feller Weddings Per formed Yesterday Dedication of. the new office at the Bligh hotel was featured with a double wedding about 5:30 o'clock Wednesday afternoon when Miss Helen Root, organist at the Bligh theatre, - became the bride of Edger D. Powell of Portland, and Margie Parmentier of Salem the bride of Dell M. Feller, day clerk at the" Bligh hotel. The Ceremony was performed by. Rev. Martin Fereshetlan, pastor of the Unitarian church, with T. G. Bligh and Frank Bligh ae witnesses. Mr. Feller Is the, son of Al Feller, of Donald. Both couples . remained In the city last night and as far as could be learned, had not an nounced plans, for the future, j The first - couple, friends " sal-I last night, had been planning on a wedding the near future, and at the last moment, induced the sec ond couple to come - aboard , the matrimonial ship. The affair was hastily - arranged . and a' T. G. Bligh and Frank Bligh had scarce ly had time to arrange the. equip ment In the npw office, they seized upoulhe Jdca of, staging the double weeding, then and there, , Mrs. Powell tendered her resig nation aa organist several days ago, but. was on duty at the organ at the Bligh theatre last night, the same as usual.-' i 1 3 r BLIC POSTMASTER IS DEAD AFTER 15 MINUTES' WORK Flood River Man Drops Dead After Fighting Fire for Quarter Hour's Time HOOD RIVER. Or., Sept. 3. C. Johnson, 45, postmaster at Odell, dropped dead today follow ing exertion In fighting a fire at the rear , of his combined postof fice and confectionery store. - Mr. Johnson bad fired a pile of trash, the fire got beyond control and for about 15 minutes he worked bard bringing it to control. Death came; as he ceased his exertions. NEiSlBDL Corn Cob Pipe to Be Used as Campaign Symbol of Democratic Simplicity LINCOLN. Neb., Sept. 3 Gov ernor Charles W. Bryan, demo cratic nominee for vice president, put in a busy day! at the state house, his . principal act in the opinion of those cloee to him, be ing the adoption of a corn cob pipe as a campaign symbol of dem ocratic simplicity. Throwing back his black slouch hat in characteristic manner and placing the empty pipe, which he had t received from a Nebraskan. in bis mouth, - the nominee told newspaper . men he had . heard, a good deal about "common sense" and the Dawes "high priced, pat ented iipe'! but that If the smok ing voter would only listen to rea son he could get a corn cob pipe for ninety per cent less than that paid for the trick bowl. Governor Bryan eaid he had stopped smoking several years ago "and did not intend to get back inta the habit, but he boosted tbe emblem as" a "common sense pipe," made from the staple prod uct of the middle west, the cam paign battle ground, and win the financial - report of the common people." The vice, president candidate at tended the state fair in the after noon and again today, visiting a boys' club camp fire within the fair grounds. Governor Bryan said he .would go to Omaha some time Saturday to greet John W. Davis, the party standard bearer, who will address a gathering in the city auditorium there that night. E- Paul B. Wallace Is Elected President Large Crowd Attends Meeting An enthusiastic, wejl-dressed gathering of republicans last night at the armory was called to order by j Mrs. E. B. South wick of the state commtee,' and the follow ing of ficers elected : President, Pa jil B. Wallace; vice president, Mrs. George H; Alden, U, S. Crow ded, and Bert Macy; - secretary, Mrs. Z. J. Riggs. The club was officially named Coblidge-Dawes Republican club of ; Salem. It Was sponsored by- a number of strong, short, pertinent talks on the part of militant re publicans who announced' them selves ready for the campaign, no matter how long it was, or bow far it took them. Justice McCourt Reported In Critical Condition Justice' John McCourt of tbe supreme court, who has been seri ously ill at his home on Court etreet for the past week,, is now reported In a critical condition. He is said to be suffering from a CQtnplIcatfon of ailments. Includ ing bronchial pneumonia. K Port land physician was called in con sultation yesterday and is said, to have approved the. treatment-being administered to the patient. - DEXIKS ENGAGEMENT ATLANTIC CITY, N. J Sept. 3. Jack Dempsey at the Traymoor tonight denied he was engaged to Misa Estelle Taylor. The report was started,, he said,' through., a feature story written by a girl re porter In Philadelphia, who "twist ed things about ar blt." BRYAN ADOPTS C O DC KS CL LIB CDMP BATTLEFOUGIII mm FRdSlHi Ten Thousand Troops Under Chi Shih Yuan, Governor of Kiangsu, Make Vigor ous Daylight Attack NUMEROUS CASUALTIES CAUSED, IS REPORT Indications are That Engage- ment Is Becoming Gen eral Over Large Area SHANGHAI. Sept. 4 (By The Associated Press ) A pitched battle between the forces of Lu Hung-Hslang, tuchun of Cheklanp, and Chl-Shih-Ynah, governor of morning along the Shanghai Nanking railway ' near' Hwangtu, about a dozen, miles from Shang hai, according to reports from De fense Commissioner Ho. The battle commenced with a troops, estimated at 10,000. While the left - wing of the Chekiang army was forced back, the center and right slowly gained ground, according to Ho's secretary. Later icimuivuwicuiSjieacuvu tue viie&- iang left.wing enabling it to pu$h forward at 8 o'clock. .On the whole the Cheklang forces gained about two miles. 'There were many casualties. At 8 o'clock this morning, a Kiangsu brigade, commanded by General Ma Yuzen estimated at 5,000 attacked the Chiang force of the same strength outside Lluho. This engagement according to the Lungw ha - head quarters, resulted after an hours fighting, disastrously for the Lunrwha hrieade whtch at 9 : 2 3 was reported in" full retreat, with the Cheklang troops . pursuing: them. There were also many casual ties in this sector. ' All reports indicated that the engagement is becoming general in the whole area from the Shang" hai-Nahklnk railway to the coast. There Is an artillery action along the railway. Governor Blaine Receives Majority in His Election MILWAUKEE, Wis., Sept. 3. Governor J. J. Blaine, backed with the endorsement of Senator' Rob ert M. La Follette. not only ob tained a .' plurality over his near est competitor, Arthur R. Hirst, of; between 65,000 and 70.000 votes but rolled up a majority of between 30,000 and. 35, 000 votes over both his opponents In yester day's primary for the republican' gubernatorial nomination. ROT ALL LIFE HERE SCIENTIST GISTS Claimed Absurd to Assume That Earth Is Only Planet ' . ; Containing Life SAN JOSE, Cal., Sept. 3. "It ia absurd to assume that the earth is the only planet on which life exists," was the declaration of Dr. Robert O. Aitken, assistant direc- , tor of Lick observatory, in an ad dress on astronomy before the San Jose Rotary club today.. . "The, milky way contains thou sands of suns," he said. "Each . M probably surrounded by its own system of planets; each may be greater than our own solar system. In view of this it seems absurd to Lthink that of this vast uni verse of heavenly bodies', but one . tiny, infinitismal planet. Earth, contains the - only intelligent be-, lugs." Commenting upon the markings of Mars as evidence of life on that planet, J)r. Aitken said that to be, visible to astronjaers of ttlr. earth, markings would have to b. from fifty to one hundred milen wide, hence the notion that-such, markings plainly I visible as they are, are- canals' such as would built on this earth is absurd. ' "It's not likely they are canals," he added, "unless they do . things very differently on Mars than on earth." . - s - i)r. Aitken -concluded - with tl , declaration that, astronomers hav ho direct observational evidenc that there Is life anywhTe c ! - ! the Universe. - 1