THURSDAY. MORNING, APRIL 21, 1021
THE OREGON STATESMAN, SALEM; OREGON
Buy tho
Jt Oregon
rarnacM
3
SELLING SALEM D I STRICT
Bsc.
J
W. V. ROSEBRAUGH
ca
Foundry and Machine Bhop
17 tli ft Oak St., Salm, Or.
i Phone 3f
W Am Oat Aftar Twa afOllaaa
Wa (h oiw paying avar tbr
aarUra af a mil.'ioa dollara ya
to taa cairra of this aactioa
for milk.
"Marica Butter"
Xs taa Bast Battat
Mora Govt and Battat Oowa la
taa crying aaad
UARION CREAMERY
& PRODUCE CO.
Salem, Ore. , Phono 2483
DEHYDRATED and CANNED
FRUITS AND VEGETABLES
; Oregon Products 1
King's Food Products Company
S&Iea Portland Th Dalles
Oar ltdaal:
"Tha Baat Only"
Onr Ifathod:
Cooparatiea
Ccpitd City
Co-cpcrctire Creczcry
. a proflt arras Is t km awnad
antirelr by tba dairyman. Oiva
bs a trial. .
Maaaiaetnrara af Bntttrraa Battor
VA yanr Groear' ,
Paoa S9 137 O. Ooaal St.
Gidscn Stcls Co.
Manufacturers of .
Dependable Brand
Ldme-Sulpbur Solatlom
Taa brand you can depend
on for purity and teat
- ' Prices upo application
Factory near corner of
Summer and Mill fee
Salam. Oreson
:. The-oldest Association In
- the Northwest
T.T. JZIiXS
.Eecretary and Jlaoajjer "
' Trade & Rlh Sts. '
SAIXSX, OUKGOJf
IJELSON BROS.
7ana ilr raraacaa, plwaWaf
aeaUac aad At aaatal work, tia
aal graTat roofUf. (aaara) ; Joa
alar ta tia aad aalTaaisa lroa
work.
tz$ GMmakata CK. . rkaaa 1900
There ;. is a difference
in tread. '
m YEARS
.AJ YEARS
Tha Sutaeiaaa Ui aaaa nppjj.
toe tia vanta af Ua critical Joa
prtotlac trada-
rraof paatuva a axa arlntara
cf vorth aa aaartt.
llodera aqnlpaMat aad tdaaa ar -Uia
oaaa that sat ay.
Stateaman
iruoiiclnii
Gcmp'ahy.-
ri.r-.s cr CC3
213 G. Com'l Ct.
! . Devoted to Showing Salem District People the Advantages
and OpportunitieG of Their Ovn Country and Its
Cities and Towns.
The Way to Bufld Up Your Home Town The Surest Way to Get
la to Patronize Your Home People Industries la to Support
Selling Salem District Is a continuation of the Salem Slogan and
THE PLACE FOB GRAPES IN SALEM .
: DISTRICT, BY
Profl Schuster. Associate Professor of Pomoloav at the
Oregon Agricultural College, Gives a Very Complete
Outline of the Methods and the Varieties That Will Be
Apt to Prove Successful in This SectionThe Grape
Has a Definite Place in the Home Orchard ?
Editor Statesman:
Grapes are among the easiest
and most satisfactory fruits grown
for home use, but unfortunately
about -the last one to be consid
ered by the majority of people
The grape haa a definite place in
eTery home orchard, where the
location is such that grapes will
thrive, and should be included, in
the list, of fruits when any one' is
planting a home orchard.
. More emphasis will be laid on
the use of the grape in the home
orchard than for commercial pur
poses. Except for rather 1 Waited
acreage In a few local places, grape
growing - in the Willamette . valley
should not be entered Into very
extensively. - A small patch of
grapes where the fruit la handled
properly will,' near many of the
valley towns, return good profit,
but any large increase in acreage
will soon swamp the market and
break the price. : The shipping of
grapes, except for very short dis
tances, will hardly prove satisfac
tory. California t can v produce
grapes so cheaply that -where any
great shipping expense enters in,
the competition will be too great
for the local .grapes.
Selecting the Location
Grapes should ; be sheltered as
much as possible from. the effects
cf possible frost. Where the home
orchard is located in a rather
frosty location, the placing of the
grapes adjacent to buildings or
other rather sheltered locations,
especially on the south side of the
buildings, will often aid in not
only protecting r them from frost, ,
but bringing, out better quality ot
fruit," due to 'the added heat of
such places. A frost that will not
endanger other fruits is often dis
astrous to the 'tender foliage of
the grapes. It is a frequent oc-
DAIRY
Perfectly Pasteurized
MILK AND CREAM
Phone 725 Ik-
ButteivNuit
Bread
The IUcherFiner LoaT
CHERRY CITY
BAICERY r
HOTEL
BLIGH
ICO room of Solid Comfort
. - -. -
. ' :- " r
A Hczzg Atsay Frca
Ucrzs
f I .wk - 1 k 1
This campaign of publicity for community upbuilding has been made
possible by the advertisements placed on these pages by our public
spirited business men men whose imtiring efforts have builded our
present recognized prospeiity and who are ever striving for greater and
yet greater progress as the years go by.
THE COLLEGE EXPERT
currence to have the first growth
of the grapes hit by a frost, and
then the secondary growth come
out and develop normally, with
the exception that the set of fruit
is very light. .
If possible, the location should
be such that good air drainage
could be had for the grapes. Es
pecially is this necessary in a
large planting or commercial
plantings. ; Sloping tracts of land
In which the cold air is drained
away to lower levels will afford
the maximum' protection against
frost. Warmer slopes are advis
able in growing of this fruit. Un
less the heat is sufficient to raise
the sugar content of the grape up
to the normal amount, the quality
of the fruit is inferior.
The Best Soils
For best results, deep, well
drained, friable soil is desirable.
Grapes are deep rooted, so a soil
4 to 6 feet deep or deeper is sat
isfactory. The lower soil need
not be of the-f. same charac-
ter as the upper soil, but of a
type through which the grape
roots can readily penetrate. With
a deep soil is associated good
drainage, as a high water table
renders the soil shallow, for the
roots will , not grow through the
standing water. Seepage of an
extensive character is just as det
rimental as is the-high water ta
ble. - . -
I While" the soil should be of a
character that holds moisture well
throughout the season, it should
not be one that is at all water
logged. At times artificial drain
age for the home planting will
pay, but in view of t. the large
amount of land naturally well
drained, it would hardly seem ad
visable to drain land for commer
cial planting.? Where good : air
drainage is secured, good soil
drainage is usually to be found,
though many exceptions are to be
noted. ' ' . " ' ' :-' ' i '
Medium Fertility Satisfactory
The very richest soils are not
necessary for grapes. : Soils with
medium fertility, deep and well
drained, prove satisfactory ? Of
course, soils can be too poor for
the best growth of grapes.. The
exact kind of soil Is not a deter
mining factor In most cases, pro
vided it meets the above require
ments. ?
i A fact often of more importance
to growing of grapes than fertility
of the soil is one of the moisture
content in the soil. In order. In
many cases, to maintain the mois
ture where it should be it Is nec
essary to keep the soil fairly well
filled with humus, and this in most
cases necessitates manuring or the
growth of cover crops. If, with the
use ot these materials, , the soil Is
kept in good condition, so far as
the humus content Is concerned,
the plant food content of the soil
will generally be taken care of.
Moisture is more apt to be a lim-
Sulezi Carpet Cls&nb?
imd Flaff Rng Tcrkj
Rag and fluff rugs woven
any sizes without seams. New
mattresses made to .order. Old
matu essea remade. Feathers
renovated. I buy all kind of
old carpets for flaff rugs. -
Otto F. Zwic&er, Prep.-
- Phone 115t
IS Yn nl WTlbnr Ctreeta ;
Pep and Projjrecs Campaign
iting factor in more soils than fer
tility, so that it the moisture con
tent is kept up by the use of cover
crops or manure, the soil fertility
itself will be handled.
American Grape Rest
The Willamette valley Is pretty
closely limited to the growing of
American grapes. These varieties
will grow and mature fruit in the
cool climate of this valley, while
most of the European varieties will
not thrive with the exception of
one or two of the very earliest.
The European grape demands a
long growing season with the max
imum heat and sunshine. Many of
the varieties commonly grown in
California' fail to mature under
Oregon conditions, many of them
not even showing any Indication of
sugar by the time the fall rains be
gin, or the frost catches them.
! The Best 'arieties
Of the long list of American
grapes to choose from, the Camp
bell's Early is undoubtedly the
best for both commercial and
home use. This is the best early
grape we have, and, due to its ear-
liness, it will mature well where
the Concord, which is somewhat
later, will fail to mature. properly.
Although the Concord Is one of the
most popular varieties in the east
ern part of the United. States,' It
has not been as successful in Ore
gon as the Campbell's , Early. It
can be used as a later grape. The
Campbell's Early is a good grape
for handling on the market, as it
has a relatively tough skin! and
though considered by . some .not
quite so high in flavor as other
varieties it la a' very satisfactory!
grape. - It can be picked at the, reg
ular time and still keep as long as
the Concord or some of the later
varieties. . i i ;
- The variety advertised - exten
sively as the Island Belle is with
out question the Campbell's Early,
introduced under the name of Is
land Belle. ' V
' A better quality grape for heme
use is the Worden. This can hard
ly be recommended for commercial
planting, as the berry is so tender
that any handling at all will break
the berry, pulling the skin open,
making It unsatisfactory for com
mercial purposes. It is Just a lit
tle later than the Campbell's Ear
ly, Due to the tender skin, it will
not stand adverse seasonal condi
tions, as frequently are met with
fn this section, being succeptible to
Injury from the rain.
For white grapes the Niagara Is
undoubtedly the best, but it has
about the same ripening time as
the Concord, making it - a little
late for many sections. Where well
ripened, it has a most excellent
flavor and really should be includ
ed in any of the home plantings..
For red grapes we have .none
that are satisfactory from a com
mercial standpoint, but a f eV that
are very good for home use. The
Delaware bears rather lightly, has
small bunches of very small ber
ries, but of excellent. quality. The
Agawam develops very poor
bunches, but ft bears heavily and
has also good quality. ,
I For those who desire the flavor
of European grapes, the Sweetwa
ter or Golden Chasselas Is the most
satisfactory in general. ; This is a
white or green grape that matures
about the same time as the Con
cord, or possibly a little later, but
often fails te develop the quality
that it should. In cool seasons, or
when early fall rains come, it does
not develop the sugar content de-"
sired.1 In some of the more pro
tected places we find varieties like,
the Muscat Hamburg or Hose of
Peru doing very well, but these
cannot be1 generally planted with
the expectation of being success
ful with tbent. On the experiment
station grounds, the Chasselas
Rose Royal : and the Chasselas
Rouge have proven nearly as suc
cessful in maturing a .crop as the
Golden Chasselas, but do not bear
any way nearly as heavily.
, ' .- , Wlae Grapes ExclutMf t
The - regular wine grapes and
raisin grapes 'of California cannot
be considered for this district, as
they demand a long, warm season
for maturing the crop. Many of
these varieties are under test at
the experiment station, and most
of them fail even to show any de
gree of maturity in the average
season. In the , season of 1922,
when more varieties ripened than
ever before, but very few of them
attaind the quality desired -lor
these grapes, while most of iherA
were never even ripened enough
for picking from the vines.
Planting of the Grapes
Grapes are generally planted
eight feet apart in the rows with
eight feet between the rows. This
gives sufficient distance' for the
development of the vines and. af
fords ease in cultivation. The ear
lier grape vines can be planted, in
the fall or winter, the better they
will be, as It "will give the vines -a;
chance-to establish a root system'
during the winter season. Avoid
planting late in the spring, as this
does not give the- vine av good
chance to establish itself before
the hot weather comes on. After
the vines are set out, about the
only thing necessary the first sea
son Is thorough, consistent cultiva
tion to prevent the excessive loss
of moisture from the soil.
. if -The Pruning
At the beginning of the second
season the general practice is to
cut the -vine back to two buds. The
idea of it is to prevent the canes of
the previous season - bearing any
fruit, but rather devoting the ener
gies of the plant more or less to
the establishing of a root system
and growing, a vigorous, healthy
cane for the coming season. Al
though only one cane will be al
lowed to grow after this season,
two are permitted the second sea
son for the simple reason that one
of them may be destroyed and this
will not set the plant back a' year
in establishing the frame work.
At the beginning, of the "third
season the stronger ; and better
cane is selected and cut at the
height desired, which will be deter
mined'.? by the pruning system,
which will be followed In the
planting. All other canes or
growths are removed, leaving the
s'ngle cane to form the main stalk
of the plant. - f' ; ; .
After the vines become mature,
the annual pruning is a very dras
tic, heavy cutting, as over 90' of
the previous season's wood is re
moved each pruning season. The
best fruit and the finest bunches
are given on the vines that are
heavily pruned. More 1 bunches
might be produced on vines, if
more wood could be left, but the
quality would be decidedly Infer
ior, and it is doubtful if the total
production would be any heavier.
The pruning of grapes is not at
all difficult if care is taken in the
selection of the wood to be left and
the number of buds left. The bear
ing of the plant; the coming sea
son will be 'determined by the
number of buds left on the vine.
The average mature vine will need
about 30 fruit buds. If the vine is
weak, fewer buds can -be left so
that more strength will go into
producing vigorous wood for the
coming season.
On the" other hand an overly vi
gorous vine should have more fruit
buds left, thus tending to cut
down on the cane growth, devoting
more of- the energy to the produc
tion of fruit. Probably with the
grapes more than other fruit it is
a question of the individual devel
opment and vigor of the -vines
when determining how much wood
should be pruned away. "
In selecting the number of buds
or the buds to be left, it Is gener
ally considered that the first two
buds on the cane are more or less
apt to be sterile. 'They will not be
Untirely so, but the buds farther
out wil bear a larger number of
fruit clusters to the bud than the
first two. Omit these In the count
ing of the 'buds in each cane. It.
for Instance, yon are leaving six to
eight fruit buds to a cane, it will
mean' the total number will be
eight 'to ten. ' : : ' '
As the tendency ot the vine Is to
Jxtend the growth each year, bear
ing; only the one year on each
year's growth, if let grow naturally
the. bearing wood would soon be a
long way from the main stalk
t rom the older wood each year
there will be found , coming up
young, vigorous canes. These are
usually sterile, but are used in re
newing the canes,- bringing the
fruiting wood back. At the time
of pruning these are cut to one or
two buds, forming renewal spurs.
ine coming season, tnese spurs
wilf produce good, vigorous fruit
ing wood, which can be used In
the following season for the devel
opment of 'the fruiting wood close
to the main stalk.
Systems of Training
? Grapes have, usually been train
ed to the four armed Knif fen sys
tem. The Knif fen system Is more
commonly used on American grape
than any other system of training
grapes. The trellis is nothing but
a two-wire berry trellis. In this
the cane or main shoot is tied to
the upper wire. Running from the
cane each way on each wire will be
left -one cane or arm, The total
number of buds desired to leave
for the individual vine is distrib
uted evenly over the four arms.
. Aside from the four armed Knlf
f en r system, the Munson system
gives excellent success. This is a
three-wire 'system in which the
lower wire is placed 2 to 4 feet
from the ground with the two up
per wires one foot hight, and at
the outer edge of an IS Inch cross
piece. The main stalk is trained
to the lower wire, and then two to
four canes are trained along this
lower wire. As the buds break
and the new shoots develop, they
wlllf be upright for a short 'time,
but gradually droop over, and in
this way lay over the two upper
wires; This system of training Is
more expensive to establish in the
first, place, but is more easily han
dled during picking. The bunches
all hang free and are not entwined
by the growing canes or the ten
drils' of the vines. Also, It allows
more circulation of the air, tend
ing to reduce the susceptibility to
disease.
The General Care
The general care of the grape
vines is the same as for any other
fruit tree. Thorough, consistent
cultivation is advisable for the
best results. However, It is not
iceable at times to what degree the
grape' vines can be neglected and
still bear a certain amount of
fruit.
' From observation during the
last few seasons It would seem that
a tew remarks about the harvest
ing of grapes would not come
amiss.
Grapes do not develop their full
quality or flavor when they first
change color. .With a grape like
Campbell's Early, the quality is
not developed for some time after
it turns dark. If picked in the
green stage, it does not have a
pleasant flavor and will certainly
not appeal to the customer. If left
until fully developed, the quality
is sure to be excellent and the fruit
will keep better than when picked
green.
Im picking the grapes use clip
pers or knives to - cut off : the
bunches. Handle the bunches as
little as possible in order to leave
the bloom on the berries. If pick
ing during the heat of the day,
better success will be had in avoid
ing the shelling of the berries from
the bunches. The stalks " of the
clusters will be more or less wilted
at that time while the grapes will
be dry in the bunch:
Grapes picked moist will soon
develop decay.
C. E. SCHUSTER.
Corvallis, Oregon, - '
April 22, 1924.
(Prof. Schuster is associate pro
fessor of promology at the Oregon
Agricultural college. No one is
better, authority. Ed.)
Our insignificant opinion Is that
the third party won't get any
scandalons contributions from big
business.
More and Larger
Those You Have
nrr antfer wttb Stomach
Lawn Maintenance
Sowing lawn seed is only a start
toward securing a velvety greens
ward. Its maintenance is even
more, important for it is a subject
demanding "constant care and at
tention. The important items In
order are rolling, mowing, weed
ing, watering, . and fertilizing,, and
the last-named is the start and
also last on. the program. .,
The occasional application of
manure to a lawn need Interfere
In nowise with its enjoyment with
the development of modern com
mercial fertilizers. It is not con
sidered' advisable nowadays to
spread the coating of farmyard
manure over the lawn which made
It an eyesore for half the year and
which .invariably started a great
crop of weeds and often introduc
ed the pest of : plantain and dock
into the lawn which It took many
seasons to eradicate. - I
Dressings of pulverized 1 sheep j
manure or 'shredded- cow manure
fill the. bill' and are odorless, de
void of weed seed, quickly wash !
down among the roots of the grass
and are not unsightly.': Basic slag
broadcasted . in the fall, a slow
working potash fertilizer, is effec
tive. Lime for soils inclined to be ;
HEflDLEnUCEiriDUSTRYlSBElCG
DEVELOPED li! TI Si'lEi DiSTRIP .
Twenty Cars Will Be Ready
Few Weeks The Asparagus Industry Will Also I
Tried Out Bylthe Same Group, With a Visw to Vc
--Extensive Operations; ; ? - "
; RoyK. Fukuda, as most of the
readers of the Slogan pages of The
Statesman know, Is Ihe 'pioneer of
the celery industry of. the Labish
Meadows district,, a few miles
north of Salem, in the Chemawa
section. The celery industry has
grown there until the shipmetns
last year were about 200 cars, and
they will be at least 250 cars this
year, from present prospects.
Are. Growing- Jjettuce
Under the leadership of.Mr. Fu
kuda, the same group of farmers
began a few years ago experiment
ing with head lettuce on the bea
verdam . lands there. They were
encouraged to such an extent that
HERE, MR. HOMEBUILDER---
I the BEST. SAFEST. STRONGEST.
T V.the ,on the CHEAPEST
HomZ ont olJ whlcl o build your
JvS B?E? CLAY HOLLOW BTJILfc.
Health and ' Comfort.
Ask for Catalog .nd Booklet of Plan.
wui vrrcgon. Phone
Sn. ot Carned Clay JJoUow Enllilnj Tile, I2rlci.
nd Drain Tile,
11 in Uncj to t;;L: :
ur vaittU wty tia ft:
osmtBt cf tit rs!t t:
barry lafiaitrlxj la CJLj t;
lay.
I I. ' (K"".
JCrontla wbea G&c:m5!l
Ycsr Htslth Dcd T7t:n Yc-
Dr. SCQTT 'fc SCOFIELD
T. M. C Cairastaetoxa
slay laboratory 414 to 419 U. C ITiTl
. ZXom 10 to 13 sum. and 2 to G r.
acid and as an alternative for com mercial
fertilizers which applk I
too steadily are likely to indue
an acid condition, and nitrate c
soda sprinkled, lightly at Interval
of two weeks or more are all ex
cellent to keep the grass growing
vigorously. . '
Special lawn fertilizers are
handled by every reputable seed
house which can be applied from
time to time, with assurance that
they Will give the soil proper food
that It needs. Turf usually need
some" renovating in the. spring,
along with the regular house
cleaning. The quickest way to r
pair bad patches Is to put in net
sod but , this usually results ia i
bumpy appearance for some tins.
New seed is the best and this seei
can be sown at any time until he I
weather sets in In earnest. White
clover is useful for this purpose.
As the dead spots probably lac':
nourishment, fertilizer should t ?
sown liberally with the fresh sec'
and' rolled in. Don't try to do any
renovating in the seed line on a
windy day. The seed usually tV. :
everywhere except the right sect.
Choose a still day.
to Begin Shipments VJ
ii'n
,4U..
they have now but acreage sufl.
lent to furnish about 20 c?
which will begin to go to mar:
In three or four, weeks.
That would be considered cr
more than, an experiment by ra
people, but Mr. Fukuda calls It i
experiment, though he seems re:
er sanguine of Its success.
If head lettuce can be produ' 1
In quantities on that kind of 1
there are prospects of the deve"
ment of an Industry ot gigai.
proportions.
Mr. Fukuda has satisfied t! v
self that It may be done: that 1
(Continued on page 10)
BIT
-
S