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About The Oregon statesman. (Salem, Or.) 1916-1980 | View Entire Issue (April 24, 1924)
THURSDAY. MORNING, APRIL 21, 1021 THE OREGON STATESMAN, SALEM; OREGON Buy tho Jt Oregon rarnacM 3 SELLING SALEM D I STRICT Bsc. J W. V. ROSEBRAUGH ca Foundry and Machine Bhop 17 tli ft Oak St., Salm, Or. i Phone 3f W Am Oat Aftar Twa afOllaaa Wa (h oiw paying avar tbr aarUra af a mil.'ioa dollara ya to taa cairra of this aactioa for milk. "Marica Butter" Xs taa Bast Battat Mora Govt and Battat Oowa la taa crying aaad UARION CREAMERY & PRODUCE CO. Salem, Ore. , Phono 2483 DEHYDRATED and CANNED FRUITS AND VEGETABLES ; Oregon Products 1 King's Food Products Company S&Iea Portland Th Dalles Oar ltdaal: "Tha Baat Only" Onr Ifathod: Cooparatiea Ccpitd City Co-cpcrctire Creczcry . a proflt arras Is t km awnad antirelr by tba dairyman. Oiva bs a trial. . Maaaiaetnrara af Bntttrraa Battor VA yanr Groear' , Paoa S9 137 O. Ooaal St. Gidscn Stcls Co. Manufacturers of . Dependable Brand Ldme-Sulpbur Solatlom Taa brand you can depend on for purity and teat - ' Prices upo application Factory near corner of Summer and Mill fee Salam. Oreson :. The-oldest Association In - the Northwest T.T. JZIiXS .Eecretary and Jlaoajjer " ' Trade & Rlh Sts. ' SAIXSX, OUKGOJf IJELSON BROS. 7ana ilr raraacaa, plwaWaf aeaUac aad At aaatal work, tia aal graTat roofUf. (aaara) ; Joa alar ta tia aad aalTaaisa lroa work. tz$ GMmakata CK. . rkaaa 1900 There ;. is a difference in tread. ' m YEARS .AJ YEARS Tha Sutaeiaaa Ui aaaa nppjj. toe tia vanta af Ua critical Joa prtotlac trada- rraof paatuva a axa arlntara cf vorth aa aaartt. llodera aqnlpaMat aad tdaaa ar -Uia oaaa that sat ay. Stateaman iruoiiclnii Gcmp'ahy.- ri.r-.s cr CC3 213 G. Com'l Ct. ! . Devoted to Showing Salem District People the Advantages and OpportunitieG of Their Ovn Country and Its Cities and Towns. The Way to Bufld Up Your Home Town The Surest Way to Get la to Patronize Your Home People Industries la to Support Selling Salem District Is a continuation of the Salem Slogan and THE PLACE FOB GRAPES IN SALEM . : DISTRICT, BY Profl Schuster. Associate Professor of Pomoloav at the Oregon Agricultural College, Gives a Very Complete Outline of the Methods and the Varieties That Will Be Apt to Prove Successful in This SectionThe Grape Has a Definite Place in the Home Orchard ? Editor Statesman: Grapes are among the easiest and most satisfactory fruits grown for home use, but unfortunately about -the last one to be consid ered by the majority of people The grape haa a definite place in eTery home orchard, where the location is such that grapes will thrive, and should be included, in the list, of fruits when any one' is planting a home orchard. . More emphasis will be laid on the use of the grape in the home orchard than for commercial pur poses. Except for rather 1 Waited acreage In a few local places, grape growing - in the Willamette . valley should not be entered Into very extensively. - A small patch of grapes where the fruit la handled properly will,' near many of the valley towns, return good profit, but any large increase in acreage will soon swamp the market and break the price. : The shipping of grapes, except for very short dis tances, will hardly prove satisfac tory. California t can v produce grapes so cheaply that -where any great shipping expense enters in, the competition will be too great for the local .grapes. Selecting the Location Grapes should ; be sheltered as much as possible from. the effects cf possible frost. Where the home orchard is located in a rather frosty location, the placing of the grapes adjacent to buildings or other rather sheltered locations, especially on the south side of the buildings, will often aid in not only protecting r them from frost, , but bringing, out better quality ot fruit," due to 'the added heat of such places. A frost that will not endanger other fruits is often dis astrous to the 'tender foliage of the grapes. It is a frequent oc- DAIRY Perfectly Pasteurized MILK AND CREAM Phone 725 Ik- ButteivNuit Bread The IUcherFiner LoaT CHERRY CITY BAICERY r HOTEL BLIGH ICO room of Solid Comfort . - -. - . ' :- " r A Hczzg Atsay Frca Ucrzs f I .wk - 1 k 1 This campaign of publicity for community upbuilding has been made possible by the advertisements placed on these pages by our public spirited business men men whose imtiring efforts have builded our present recognized prospeiity and who are ever striving for greater and yet greater progress as the years go by. THE COLLEGE EXPERT currence to have the first growth of the grapes hit by a frost, and then the secondary growth come out and develop normally, with the exception that the set of fruit is very light. . If possible, the location should be such that good air drainage could be had for the grapes. Es pecially is this necessary in a large planting or commercial plantings. ; Sloping tracts of land In which the cold air is drained away to lower levels will afford the maximum' protection against frost. Warmer slopes are advis able in growing of this fruit. Un less the heat is sufficient to raise the sugar content of the grape up to the normal amount, the quality of the fruit is inferior. The Best Soils For best results, deep, well drained, friable soil is desirable. Grapes are deep rooted, so a soil 4 to 6 feet deep or deeper is sat isfactory. The lower soil need not be of the-f. same charac- ter as the upper soil, but of a type through which the grape roots can readily penetrate. With a deep soil is associated good drainage, as a high water table renders the soil shallow, for the roots will , not grow through the standing water. Seepage of an extensive character is just as det rimental as is the-high water ta ble. - . - I While" the soil should be of a character that holds moisture well throughout the season, it should not be one that is at all water logged. At times artificial drain age for the home planting will pay, but in view of t. the large amount of land naturally well drained, it would hardly seem ad visable to drain land for commer cial planting.? Where good : air drainage is secured, good soil drainage is usually to be found, though many exceptions are to be noted. ' ' . " ' ' :-' ' i ' Medium Fertility Satisfactory The very richest soils are not necessary for grapes. : Soils with medium fertility, deep and well drained, prove satisfactory ? Of course, soils can be too poor for the best growth of grapes.. The exact kind of soil Is not a deter mining factor In most cases, pro vided it meets the above require ments. ? i A fact often of more importance to growing of grapes than fertility of the soil is one of the moisture content in the soil. In order. In many cases, to maintain the mois ture where it should be it Is nec essary to keep the soil fairly well filled with humus, and this in most cases necessitates manuring or the growth of cover crops. If, with the use ot these materials, , the soil Is kept in good condition, so far as the humus content Is concerned, the plant food content of the soil will generally be taken care of. Moisture is more apt to be a lim- Sulezi Carpet Cls&nb? imd Flaff Rng Tcrkj Rag and fluff rugs woven any sizes without seams. New mattresses made to .order. Old matu essea remade. Feathers renovated. I buy all kind of old carpets for flaff rugs. - Otto F. Zwic&er, Prep.- - Phone 115t IS Yn nl WTlbnr Ctreeta ; Pep and Projjrecs Campaign iting factor in more soils than fer tility, so that it the moisture con tent is kept up by the use of cover crops or manure, the soil fertility itself will be handled. American Grape Rest The Willamette valley Is pretty closely limited to the growing of American grapes. These varieties will grow and mature fruit in the cool climate of this valley, while most of the European varieties will not thrive with the exception of one or two of the very earliest. The European grape demands a long growing season with the max imum heat and sunshine. Many of the varieties commonly grown in California' fail to mature under Oregon conditions, many of them not even showing any Indication of sugar by the time the fall rains be gin, or the frost catches them. ! The Best 'arieties Of the long list of American grapes to choose from, the Camp bell's Early is undoubtedly the best for both commercial and home use. This is the best early grape we have, and, due to its ear- liness, it will mature well where the Concord, which is somewhat later, will fail to mature. properly. Although the Concord Is one of the most popular varieties in the east ern part of the United. States,' It has not been as successful in Ore gon as the Campbell's , Early. It can be used as a later grape. The Campbell's Early is a good grape for handling on the market, as it has a relatively tough skin! and though considered by . some .not quite so high in flavor as other varieties it la a' very satisfactory! grape. - It can be picked at the, reg ular time and still keep as long as the Concord or some of the later varieties. . i i ; - The variety advertised - exten sively as the Island Belle is with out question the Campbell's Early, introduced under the name of Is land Belle. ' V ' A better quality grape for heme use is the Worden. This can hard ly be recommended for commercial planting, as the berry is so tender that any handling at all will break the berry, pulling the skin open, making It unsatisfactory for com mercial purposes. It is Just a lit tle later than the Campbell's Ear ly, Due to the tender skin, it will not stand adverse seasonal condi tions, as frequently are met with fn this section, being succeptible to Injury from the rain. For white grapes the Niagara Is undoubtedly the best, but it has about the same ripening time as the Concord, making it - a little late for many sections. Where well ripened, it has a most excellent flavor and really should be includ ed in any of the home plantings.. For red grapes we have .none that are satisfactory from a com mercial standpoint, but a f eV that are very good for home use. The Delaware bears rather lightly, has small bunches of very small ber ries, but of excellent. quality. The Agawam develops very poor bunches, but ft bears heavily and has also good quality. , I For those who desire the flavor of European grapes, the Sweetwa ter or Golden Chasselas Is the most satisfactory in general. ; This is a white or green grape that matures about the same time as the Con cord, or possibly a little later, but often fails te develop the quality that it should. In cool seasons, or when early fall rains come, it does not develop the sugar content de-" sired.1 In some of the more pro tected places we find varieties like, the Muscat Hamburg or Hose of Peru doing very well, but these cannot be1 generally planted with the expectation of being success ful with tbent. On the experiment station grounds, the Chasselas Rose Royal : and the Chasselas Rouge have proven nearly as suc cessful in maturing a .crop as the Golden Chasselas, but do not bear any way nearly as heavily. , ' .- , Wlae Grapes ExclutMf t The - regular wine grapes and raisin grapes 'of California cannot be considered for this district, as they demand a long, warm season for maturing the crop. Many of these varieties are under test at the experiment station, and most of them fail even to show any de gree of maturity in the average season. In the , season of 1922, when more varieties ripened than ever before, but very few of them attaind the quality desired -lor these grapes, while most of iherA were never even ripened enough for picking from the vines. Planting of the Grapes Grapes are generally planted eight feet apart in the rows with eight feet between the rows. This gives sufficient distance' for the development of the vines and. af fords ease in cultivation. The ear lier grape vines can be planted, in the fall or winter, the better they will be, as It "will give the vines -a; chance-to establish a root system' during the winter season. Avoid planting late in the spring, as this does not give the- vine av good chance to establish itself before the hot weather comes on. After the vines are set out, about the only thing necessary the first sea son Is thorough, consistent cultiva tion to prevent the excessive loss of moisture from the soil. . if -The Pruning At the beginning of the second season the general practice is to cut the -vine back to two buds. The idea of it is to prevent the canes of the previous season - bearing any fruit, but rather devoting the ener gies of the plant more or less to the establishing of a root system and growing, a vigorous, healthy cane for the coming season. Al though only one cane will be al lowed to grow after this season, two are permitted the second sea son for the simple reason that one of them may be destroyed and this will not set the plant back a' year in establishing the frame work. At the beginning, of the "third season the stronger ; and better cane is selected and cut at the height desired, which will be deter mined'.? by the pruning system, which will be followed In the planting. All other canes or growths are removed, leaving the s'ngle cane to form the main stalk of the plant. - f' ; ; . After the vines become mature, the annual pruning is a very dras tic, heavy cutting, as over 90' of the previous season's wood is re moved each pruning season. The best fruit and the finest bunches are given on the vines that are heavily pruned. More 1 bunches might be produced on vines, if more wood could be left, but the quality would be decidedly Infer ior, and it is doubtful if the total production would be any heavier. The pruning of grapes is not at all difficult if care is taken in the selection of the wood to be left and the number of buds left. The bear ing of the plant; the coming sea son will be 'determined by the number of buds left on the vine. The average mature vine will need about 30 fruit buds. If the vine is weak, fewer buds can -be left so that more strength will go into producing vigorous wood for the coming season. On the" other hand an overly vi gorous vine should have more fruit buds left, thus tending to cut down on the cane growth, devoting more of- the energy to the produc tion of fruit. Probably with the grapes more than other fruit it is a question of the individual devel opment and vigor of the -vines when determining how much wood should be pruned away. " In selecting the number of buds or the buds to be left, it Is gener ally considered that the first two buds on the cane are more or less apt to be sterile. 'They will not be Untirely so, but the buds farther out wil bear a larger number of fruit clusters to the bud than the first two. Omit these In the count ing of the 'buds in each cane. It. for Instance, yon are leaving six to eight fruit buds to a cane, it will mean' the total number will be eight 'to ten. ' : : ' ' As the tendency ot the vine Is to Jxtend the growth each year, bear ing; only the one year on each year's growth, if let grow naturally the. bearing wood would soon be a long way from the main stalk t rom the older wood each year there will be found , coming up young, vigorous canes. These are usually sterile, but are used in re newing the canes,- bringing the fruiting wood back. At the time of pruning these are cut to one or two buds, forming renewal spurs. ine coming season, tnese spurs wilf produce good, vigorous fruit ing wood, which can be used In the following season for the devel opment of 'the fruiting wood close to the main stalk. Systems of Training ? Grapes have, usually been train ed to the four armed Knif fen sys tem. The Knif fen system Is more commonly used on American grape than any other system of training grapes. The trellis is nothing but a two-wire berry trellis. In this the cane or main shoot is tied to the upper wire. Running from the cane each way on each wire will be left -one cane or arm, The total number of buds desired to leave for the individual vine is distrib uted evenly over the four arms. . Aside from the four armed Knlf f en r system, the Munson system gives excellent success. This is a three-wire 'system in which the lower wire is placed 2 to 4 feet from the ground with the two up per wires one foot hight, and at the outer edge of an IS Inch cross piece. The main stalk is trained to the lower wire, and then two to four canes are trained along this lower wire. As the buds break and the new shoots develop, they wlllf be upright for a short 'time, but gradually droop over, and in this way lay over the two upper wires; This system of training Is more expensive to establish in the first, place, but is more easily han dled during picking. The bunches all hang free and are not entwined by the growing canes or the ten drils' of the vines. Also, It allows more circulation of the air, tend ing to reduce the susceptibility to disease. The General Care The general care of the grape vines is the same as for any other fruit tree. Thorough, consistent cultivation is advisable for the best results. However, It is not iceable at times to what degree the grape' vines can be neglected and still bear a certain amount of fruit. ' From observation during the last few seasons It would seem that a tew remarks about the harvest ing of grapes would not come amiss. Grapes do not develop their full quality or flavor when they first change color. .With a grape like Campbell's Early, the quality is not developed for some time after it turns dark. If picked in the green stage, it does not have a pleasant flavor and will certainly not appeal to the customer. If left until fully developed, the quality is sure to be excellent and the fruit will keep better than when picked green. Im picking the grapes use clip pers or knives to - cut off : the bunches. Handle the bunches as little as possible in order to leave the bloom on the berries. If pick ing during the heat of the day, better success will be had in avoid ing the shelling of the berries from the bunches. The stalks " of the clusters will be more or less wilted at that time while the grapes will be dry in the bunch: Grapes picked moist will soon develop decay. C. E. SCHUSTER. Corvallis, Oregon, - ' April 22, 1924. (Prof. Schuster is associate pro fessor of promology at the Oregon Agricultural college. No one is better, authority. Ed.) Our insignificant opinion Is that the third party won't get any scandalons contributions from big business. More and Larger Those You Have nrr antfer wttb Stomach Lawn Maintenance Sowing lawn seed is only a start toward securing a velvety greens ward. Its maintenance is even more, important for it is a subject demanding "constant care and at tention. The important items In order are rolling, mowing, weed ing, watering, . and fertilizing,, and the last-named is the start and also last on. the program. ., The occasional application of manure to a lawn need Interfere In nowise with its enjoyment with the development of modern com mercial fertilizers. It is not con sidered' advisable nowadays to spread the coating of farmyard manure over the lawn which made It an eyesore for half the year and which .invariably started a great crop of weeds and often introduc ed the pest of : plantain and dock into the lawn which It took many seasons to eradicate. - I Dressings of pulverized 1 sheep j manure or 'shredded- cow manure fill the. bill' and are odorless, de void of weed seed, quickly wash ! down among the roots of the grass and are not unsightly.': Basic slag broadcasted . in the fall, a slow working potash fertilizer, is effec tive. Lime for soils inclined to be ; HEflDLEnUCEiriDUSTRYlSBElCG DEVELOPED li! TI Si'lEi DiSTRIP . Twenty Cars Will Be Ready Few Weeks The Asparagus Industry Will Also I Tried Out Bylthe Same Group, With a Visw to Vc --Extensive Operations; ; ? - " ; RoyK. Fukuda, as most of the readers of the Slogan pages of The Statesman know, Is Ihe 'pioneer of the celery industry of. the Labish Meadows district,, a few miles north of Salem, in the Chemawa section. The celery industry has grown there until the shipmetns last year were about 200 cars, and they will be at least 250 cars this year, from present prospects. Are. Growing- Jjettuce Under the leadership of.Mr. Fu kuda, the same group of farmers began a few years ago experiment ing with head lettuce on the bea verdam . lands there. They were encouraged to such an extent that HERE, MR. HOMEBUILDER--- I the BEST. SAFEST. STRONGEST. T V.the ,on the CHEAPEST HomZ ont olJ whlcl o build your JvS B?E? CLAY HOLLOW BTJILfc. Health and ' Comfort. Ask for Catalog .nd Booklet of Plan. wui vrrcgon. Phone Sn. ot Carned Clay JJoUow Enllilnj Tile, I2rlci. nd Drain Tile, 11 in Uncj to t;;L: : ur vaittU wty tia ft: osmtBt cf tit rs!t t: barry lafiaitrlxj la CJLj t; lay. I I. ' (K"". JCrontla wbea G&c:m5!l Ycsr Htslth Dcd T7t:n Yc- Dr. SCQTT 'fc SCOFIELD T. M. C Cairastaetoxa slay laboratory 414 to 419 U. C ITiTl . ZXom 10 to 13 sum. and 2 to G r. acid and as an alternative for com mercial fertilizers which applk I too steadily are likely to indue an acid condition, and nitrate c soda sprinkled, lightly at Interval of two weeks or more are all ex cellent to keep the grass growing vigorously. . ' Special lawn fertilizers are handled by every reputable seed house which can be applied from time to time, with assurance that they Will give the soil proper food that It needs. Turf usually need some" renovating in the. spring, along with the regular house cleaning. The quickest way to r pair bad patches Is to put in net sod but , this usually results ia i bumpy appearance for some tins. New seed is the best and this seei can be sown at any time until he I weather sets in In earnest. White clover is useful for this purpose. As the dead spots probably lac': nourishment, fertilizer should t ? sown liberally with the fresh sec' and' rolled in. Don't try to do any renovating in the seed line on a windy day. The seed usually tV. : everywhere except the right sect. Choose a still day. to Begin Shipments VJ ii'n ,4U.. they have now but acreage sufl. lent to furnish about 20 c? which will begin to go to mar: In three or four, weeks. That would be considered cr more than, an experiment by ra people, but Mr. Fukuda calls It i experiment, though he seems re: er sanguine of Its success. If head lettuce can be produ' 1 In quantities on that kind of 1 there are prospects of the deve" ment of an Industry ot gigai. proportions. Mr. Fukuda has satisfied t! v self that It may be done: that 1 (Continued on page 10) BIT - S