IMPORTANCE OF PltOPEn 1X11 RICATIOX FOR CHASSIS. The Spring Dolts and Sliackkw You c.annot glre your spring uolts andj shackles tooj much atten tion during the winter months, by this I do not mean that It la neces sary to make an inspection' and ltf Jbricatlcn operation on these parts every time you want to go any Place In your car. but on the other band; give them at least the at tention necessary to Insure easy riding, absence of squeaks and ex cessive rattles that jre bound to develop If lubrication is neglect ed. ; , - ; ! : ; . i . The rerage: car owner cannot appreciate the numerous difficul ties and expense that may follow If these parts do not (receive suffi cient lubrication and, proper care '.Jlit adjusting. ' v-f " ; fUke the steering knuckle pins cud tie rod connections, all spring shackles and bolts are" , fully ex posed to road, splash and splash rom road is a . good deal like a - land blast. ; The grit, . dust and sand in the . water , strikes these parts wltn great force and only r quires a few hours of touring over wet roads to remove all traces of lubricant. .Now, if the bolts have a lot of clearance In their bear ings, thoy are not liable to seize, but my how they wear! f , y A few years ago, I had an op portunity ;to, observe t a,; test on shackle wear, i Two experimental . cars were routed from Detroit via Chicago, Omaha, Kansas City, St. Louis, . Cairo, Chattanooga and back to. Detroit in .the spring of the year, ,5 If you live In these sec tions, or have ever traveled a" few . hundred mile3 over thawing dirt Toads, , you ; will appreciate what these cars' went through. One dri ver was instructed to lubricate his shackles daily,- the other once a week: Observations after, the test tliowed slight wear on the car re-J cclving daily lubrication. On the other car, the inch bolts were worn half through and one bolt had stuck In its bearing which re sulted in the' spring breaking at the eye end. also the flange of frame where this bracket was at tached had broken out. - So much for the difflculities that follow in sufficient lubrication, v ; Another example showing wha happens .'when shackles are ad just- ed too tightly, came to my atten tion at Ligonler, Peiin., while do ing totae experimental work on the mountain. ;,iyo brothers operat ing a garage , there showed me dozen springs that had broken, at the eyo taken from groups of new cars - that passed through on . drive way and It happened that all of these came from the same make of car, showing that, come middle west, manufacturer, was too eager to eliminate any chance of shackle rattle- by sending hi new cars out with shackle plates set up : too tight. These brothers being rath er expert, had diagnosed IBe" trou ble properly and were conscienti ous enough to pass the word along to the manufacturer. Bu I won der how many service mechanics and owners know, that In 99 eases out of 100 when the spring breaks at the eye, It la either due to shackles being adjusted too tight or to shackle bolt seizing iu its bearing for want of lubrication. - "When the a6ove condition exists the springs cannot function prop erly." The b hack lea cannot move as intended, therefore, the "main Upring leaf carries all the strain and must bend and break, and this is liable" to occur In tho first 50 miles ! after -shackles becomes tight. : j l . , , A simple method for freeing up shackle 'and spring bolts that have become sufficiently rusted to pre vent lubrication entering under high pressure, is to soak a bunch Of waste in'.. Tterosene, hind this around the parts affected, allow same to stand over night, or if emergency, demands', keeping your car In service, you can take car out on the : road providing the oil soaked waste is no where near an exhaust pipe or electrical connec tion that might start a fire. After 12 or 24 hours bolt will free up. Then apply high pressure lubrica tion freely to part. Tight shackle bolts can be de tected : by observing action of chackles when" springs are de pressed; If TjoUb do not turn in eye of springs and end of spring tends to. bend instead of entire spring' flexing, the cause is appar ent. Iu some - caseB when . the shacklet plates are adjusted ' too tight the spring will ' stay ' down after the load is taken oft, giving the impression of a Bagged spring. Watch these points closely. V, Another point to watch in caring for springs is, see that spring clips are tight over the axles.' This is very important as loose clips not only cause breakage at center of spring, but permit shifting of axle, throwing front wheels out of line with rear which condition will ser iosnly affect ease of steering. Always lubricate spring shack les after washing car and dally when touring over svet roads. Dur ing dry weather, follow rules given in an Instruction book. 'V.TTIc Care or Car Springs The question of spring leaf lub rication in my opinion is a very serious problem. Some authori ties advocate lubricating freely be tween; the leaves while spring de signers claim that this is very im portant to spring performance, un less the springs, are designed orig inally for lubrication. - Looking back over roy-experi-ence, I can attribute some very serious; developments following ex cessive spring leaf lubrication. However, I am aware of the fact that it is practically impossible to eliminate spring squeaks entirely without resorting to oil. There fore, recommend a very moderate application of oil or sufficient to remove the squeaks with the fol lowing reservations. First: If car rides very hard and springs do not bump the axle under load, spring leaf lubrication wll Improve riding qualities and remedy squeaks. Second: . If , springs are- very long and flexible and frame bumps axle excessively under load, would recommend free application ot oil tlrjt.to. jowefcte jbojtj; iA.m 'Ab. , little spring leaf clips that prevent the leaves from shifting to see if the squeaks can be eliminated in this, manner. If this does not remedy the trouble and you can not adjust ypr nerves to spring squeaks, would, sugest adding ad ditional leaves' tb-springs to stif fen them up before going into excessive lubrication, because ex cessive lubrication, because exces sive bumping of "frame to axle sets up stresses that axle housings, shafts and steering knuckles were not designed to take. Did you ever feel the shock transmitted through the frame when over-running a deep rut at high speed with a heavily laden 1 car. As a rule the rear springs bump more easily than the front. Damage to rear axle is less dan gerous, than the front because it is not tied up with the steering gear, but in either case a lot of damage, expense and perhaps loss of life may result through excessive spring bumping. Continual pounding of frame on front axle, may develop a leaky radiator, a broken front motor support, failure of front wheel bearing, a bent or broken axle or steering knuckle. In regard to the rear axle, con tinuous pounding of frame to housing very often springs the housing sufficient to bind the axle shafts between their bearings at the outer end and the differential. A few cases of axle shafts break ing re peatedly, after a few hundred miles of service came to my atten tion due to housing being sprung through the foregoing cause. The bend was too slight to be seen by the eye, nevertheless, accounted for the axle shaft failures, for af ter straightening up the axle hous ing, shaft breakage ceased. Rear axle housings are usually designed to take a liberal overload, but remember ; the continuous pounding of frame on axle through springs being too flexible runs in to tons of shock therefore, break age binding , or some other evil is bound to develop. If your car is susceptible to squeaks always keep these points in mind, before taking Tom, Dick and Harry's word that lubrication is what you need between your spring leaves. Consult your In structton book carefully and the local service representative and if you decide to lubricate your spring leaves and it caused excessive bumping, it is far better to add a" spring leaf to compensate for the excessive flexibility which usually follows, than to take the .risk of axle or steering knuckle failures The principal of the leaf spring design is to provide a certain amount of snubbing or checking of rebound ly the friction between the leaves. Lubrication destroys this in i the case of the flexible spring and may work to advantage in the case of a spring that is too stiff. In the former case, shock absorbers, snubbers or additional leaves should be added as a mat ter of safety. For Owners Scrapbook Last week Importance of Proper Lubrication for Chassis. Next Week The Spring Bolts and Shackles. MOTOR TRUCK MAN HERE George A. Keep, of the Portland' branch : of the Moreland Motor Truck company, spent Friday in Salem In conference with Vick Brothers, local representatives. !F j H j I' We will sell you a nearly new Ford that is hard to tell from . new- put on $70.90 worth of brand and sell you the machine far cheaper than you could buy a - , hew car ( . .V. .v ,""'" Sb DAVS' SERVICE Goes with every nearly new Ford-r just the same as you get with a new. car. And we use, genuine .Ford parts. . Here's the extra equipment I SPEEDOMETER , AUTOMATIC SWIPE l -EXTRA TIRE AND TUBE -DASH LIGHT : 1924 LICENSE SPOTLIGHT BUMPER mm wmn Ferry and Commercial Open Evenings and Sundays . .V - :V IIJTIMll. First 1924 Regional Automo. bile Exhibition Will Open February 9 Terms The first 1924 regional Auto mobile Show west of Chicago opens :n Portland, February 9th. and continues for eight clays. Nev er before has a West Coast show, or at Wast u Northwest show been given the standing that Portland's 192 4 show has received, through co-operation and. participation by the big makers of America's stan dard cars. Portland's claim to being the automotive headquarters for the X6rthwest Is further signalized by the announcement that carloads of dealers and automotive men from as far east as Butte will be in at tendance not counting of course the hundreds of eastern factory men who are arriving on everv train. Local automotive men have al ready sent in their cards of accep tance to the Portland headquart ers stating that they will be at the show and that they will also at tend the annual meeting and elec tion of ,. the Odegon Automotive Trade association, which meets at the Chamber of Commerce in that city, on Wednesday February 13. Portlands particular claim to importance for this show lies in the number of special exhibits be ing rushed west from the factories for display here, directly after showing at New York and Chica go. Among them are the express carload shipment of Rickenback ers, siars, vnrysiers,, ine new Grays and a host of others, which will have stop-over tickets on their way to San Francisco, where they will again draw the multitudes during the week of Frebruary 1G to 23. ior tne trade ot tne state as a body, the event will Indeed be gala one. Aside from the interest of the many exhibits, will be the week of trade conventions of prac tically each of the important lins3 now manufactured. There will be conventions of the Ford dealers, Willys-Overland organization of the Northwest, meetings and ban quets of the tire men, battery men and the garage trades generally. ; Of further interest will be the election of a new board of direc tors for the Oregon Automotive Trade Association, on the district plan, with a prominent automotive tradesman as the head for each district. This new director will te the direct representative of the a sociation in each district and in that way the work, of the huge in dustry will be expedited and the different, districts given a better voice in'the active management of the association affairs and policies. M. P. Cady, president of, the as sociation is sponsor for the plan which has already been approv ed by those members who have been approached on the new meth od of plaeing responsibility. While each year the trade has streamed to Portland for the week the laymen tco have been coming in ever Increasing numbers. This year he will have the pleasure of teeing the product of the most progressive year in the history of automobile making displayed in the most pretentious and costly setting ever attempted for such a regional chow. Produced by the John L. Stark studios, the huge interior of the auditorium has been practically rebuilt. Not an Inch of its present moulded interior has been permit Led to spoil the harmony of color and detail that makes up the huge Japanese garden, with its myriad of panels painted by Matt Lermer from note sketches mde on his re oent tour of the Orient. These sketches will adorn the walls while framing' them are huge temple gates, holding hidden lights that fairly enliven the deep toned sketches of the far East. Art students who have examined the work, declare it the most striking example of mural arCyet conceived in the Northwest, as well as the most daring use of color and light. In this however, Ler mer has proven himself master, i Railroads have again signalized the convention and show with a special rate on the certificate plan. Certificates are Iseued at the orig inating station to be turned in at tne show, and special fares cannot be obtained utiles such certificates are applied for when leaving for Portland. dictophone connected with a mov ing-picture apparatus.; The child, reads aloud into the dictaphone at regular intervals without the child's hearing it, and at the same time cuts off the beam of light re flected from the child's eye for a I ruction or a seconu, ui mis way it becomes possible to decide just what a child was saying for each position of his eye. These investigations have shown that a child reading material too advanced for him-rests his eye on each word and frequently jerks it back to the words he has already read. The eye of a good reader sweeps rhythmically - along each line, stopping only three or four tiuies. Another finding is that a child's voice lags far behind his eye if he is a good reader as they look at it, while good readers keep their eyes sometimes two or three lines ahead of their voice. s. Among the direct applications to teaching of this investigation are these:' If a child reads material that is too, difficult for him, he forms had eye habits. If a child reads aloud too much, especially after he reaches fourth or fifth grade, he is in danger of slowing down his reading rate and of be coming a "lip reader," In other woi?ds, such emphasis as has been placed on oral read ing in the upper grades of many public schools, while eye habits were still being formed, has actu ally impaired the children's read ing ability for life. , A new science, tlie. science of education, is taking -the place of the old dogmatic pedagogy. . What has been done bo far is pitiably small , compared to our needs; but little by little the light Is beginning to dawn. Before long we shall j be -able tb decide pretty intelligently, instead of by guess work, what we would teach, and bow ve (should teach it. Smyrna Still Crowded 'With Hosts of Refugees By Mail) HALT A. Jan. 12. Travelers pricing through . Malta on th'ir viy out of Smyrna, the Turkish t ity devastated by fire la Septem ber of 1922, declare Ihc situation there to be far from satisfactory, or rromlslnv? for tho future. " In the fire zone are quartered some 80,000 Turkish refugees from Macedonia. For a European to go into this area even in broad daylight is to risk robbery and as naulVand it is certain death to wander after dark, near the flocks which skirt this quarter. The Turkish authorities would like to move these refugees out into the country, but the refugees refuse to go, and the Turks must continue feeding theml Another problem before the Turkish government is the lack of skilled labor, as a result of the exodus of the Greek and Armenian populations from which all skilled labor was formerly recruited: This deficiency has made it impossible to look after the-fruit crops, such as raisins and figs, a circumstance which largely helps to decrease the revenue of the government, apart from the value of the crops. -ForeIguers;are barely tolerated, these travelers report, and. unless bribery is resorted to, it is impos sible to do any business. Modern Footwear Ousts Old Style Shoes of Satin (By Mail) PEKING, Dec. 17. The ' en croachment of western civilization has revolutionized the shoe-making Industry in Peking, according to the Chinese Economic Bulletin. When official shoes made of satin were in vogue among the well-to-do, and the poorer classes ware shoes made out of cotton cloth, the business was prosperous; but now the old-styl hhoes. have 'been dis carded for foreign-style leather shoes which are imported, or made by another class of artisans from Shanghai or other treaty ports. For this reason Peking shoemak ers are engaged almost entirely in making cheap footwear for the poorer classes. Another industry , affected is baking. Owing to a liking for foreign-style pastry, the business of Chinese bakeries is ( falling off. Hread is being used! more and more. A, few years ago, it is said, there ere in Peking more than 4 00 bakeries turning out Chinese food, whereas today there are only 127. Medicine shops, althougk show ing a decreased turnover, are less seriously affected because .of r the enormous profit to which the bus iness lends itself. - You Get IHour Extra Kvery day io hprn4 at yoifr homo by riding a- bicycle you ran only appreciate tlie big tsavLng of time you can nuke in place of WALKING, or WA1T1NO' tor street rar, by using a Birjclo for a few days. Go and come as you please on any street you wish and the saving of carfare will pay for the Bicycle. - We sell tli cm on easy terms. Harry V. Scott "The Cycle Man.1 147 Ho. Com'l St. :.. WHAT DO THEY TEACH YOUR CHILDREN? (Continued from page 1) tance into the side of the child's eye .in such a way that he is al most unconscious or It. From his eyes it Is reflected into a moving picture camera while he is reading. Each time that his eye moves the line of light on the moving-picture film shifts to the left or to th? right. When the result is thrown on to a screen the investl gator can count exactly how many times the-child's eye has moved in a second, how fur it has moved, and whether it has made a suc cession of forward movements for each line, or ,has had to go back repeatedly to look at words a sec ond time. V ' -iVAn ' elaborate Investigation has consisted in putting V bell In a sound-proof box attached -to-' a t V No matter what make of car you drive, ''Western Giani" Cords will; give satisfactory service to both the heavy and lighter weight cars alike. One of the many feature of "West ern Giant" Cords is the , high flat tread with its; sharp edges, and the row of deep suction cups Riving sure fion-Fkld design. SIZE 32x32 J3!4 12 32x4 33x4; 34x4-32x4i2 34x4VjL "35x42. 35x5 WESTERN" GIANT 12.000-MUe, Guar. $12.65 20rB5 21.30 2L90 25.55 28.15 2p0 34.30 A ' Prlc on Olhrr Siim) WESTERN STANDARD (10.0C0-.MiJ Guarantor) 30x3'a $10.75 Driving Gloves Gauntlets are very necessary thla time of the year. We have a wide variety of styles for men and women. from . .$2.25.0 $6.50 Tonncau Windshield Full protection; from the wind to the folks who occupy the rea' eat of your car e can be Installed In Just a few miautes. "the price for one of doubt strength glass with baked . japanned frame ia C1 O 7C only ...OlUfO Others at '2J5i and $35.00. Order by Mail Our Guarantee Protects: You Notice this the next time you walk into a "Western Auto" store the salesman greets you with a "Can I be of service?" smile. He understands your needs and caters to tnem. I our purcbase is wrapped and returned to you. in a "jiffy." There is no unnecessary delay- no confusion. You leave our store with the knowledge that the merchandise is . guaranteed ; that the prices are pleasingly low that your business is appre ciated. Because of these facts, thou sands of motorists look upon the "Western Auto" as their - Auto Supply Headquarters. .cvz;r. - McKay's U. S. Tire Chains The careful motorist surely cannot afford to drive in rainy weather, unless his car is properly equipped with de-; pendable tire chains. Priced, per pair, $3.95 to $10.60, ac cording to size. , Also a- complete line of Cross Chains and Repair Links.- Automatic Windshield Wiper A clear view of the road ahead in rainy or foggy weather assures safety to you and your passengers. Operating from the intake vacuum this wiper auto matically wipes your windshield, en abling you to keep both hands OC on the wheel at all times. ... . yHiuu Hand Wipers, 55c to $2.35 Bovey Heater It is very easily installed and hot only radiates heat, but circulates and heats all the air in the car. There is no odor. It is fireproof. Has an .easy control on the dashboard, which, of course, is the most accessible place. It is adaptable to any car. One "Flexiform" valve fits any size exhaust pipe. If s a dandy heater. ...... $17.50 Kingston 4Warm-a-Ford," complete, $3.75 "Moore" Car Warmer, each 95c 90 Stores in the West Auto Robes Why not a pure -wool auto robe? Warmth and comfort on the cold est day! One should be-part of the equipment on every car -we have several patterns, from which you can choose -the prices 1 from. .$6.65 to $19.75 TIRE Sundriss A little care and attention to the minor tire repairs will save you many dollars each month. Reliners Blowout Patches ' Tire Boots Elastic Rubber Patches Shure-Hold Fabric Patch Vulcanizing Outfits Tire Cut Filler Genuine Schradcr Tire Guage 'jrr-- s Tl rv Tire Paint Rim Paint Tire Tape : Tire Pumps "t; Patching Cement ' Valve Caps and Washers Schrader Valve Insides -Pump Hose llose Clamps . r t Pump Connections j Rim Tools , Tire Covers "r ' We ; .Gsrner Court and High Phone 796 For Your Convenience Open TiU 9 p. m. v Saturdays