IMPORTANCE OF PltOPEn 1X11
RICATIOX FOR CHASSIS.
The Spring Dolts and Sliackkw
You c.annot glre your spring
uolts andj shackles tooj much atten
tion during the winter months, by
this I do not mean that It la neces
sary to make an inspection' and ltf
Jbricatlcn operation on these parts
every time you want to go any
Place In your car. but on the other
band; give them at least the at
tention necessary to Insure easy
riding, absence of squeaks and ex
cessive rattles that jre bound to
develop If lubrication is neglect
ed. ; , - ; ! : ; . i
. The rerage: car owner cannot
appreciate the numerous difficul
ties and expense that may follow
If these parts do not (receive suffi
cient lubrication and, proper care
'.Jlit adjusting. ' v-f " ;
fUke the steering knuckle pins
cud tie rod connections, all spring
shackles and bolts are" , fully ex
posed to road, splash and splash
rom road is a . good deal like a
- land blast. ; The grit, . dust and
sand in the . water , strikes these
parts wltn great force and only r
quires a few hours of touring over
wet roads to remove all traces of
lubricant. .Now, if the bolts have
a lot of clearance In their bear
ings, thoy are not liable to seize,
but my how they wear! f , y
A few years ago, I had an op
portunity ;to, observe t a,; test on
shackle wear, i Two experimental
. cars were routed from Detroit via
Chicago, Omaha, Kansas City, St.
Louis, . Cairo, Chattanooga and
back to. Detroit in .the spring of
the year, ,5 If you live In these sec
tions, or have ever traveled a" few .
hundred mile3 over thawing dirt
Toads, , you ; will appreciate what
these cars' went through. One dri
ver was instructed to lubricate his
shackles daily,- the other once a
week: Observations after, the test
tliowed slight wear on the car re-J
cclving daily lubrication. On the
other car, the inch bolts were
worn half through and one bolt
had stuck In its bearing which re
sulted in the' spring breaking at
the eye end. also the flange of
frame where this bracket was at
tached had broken out. - So much
for the difflculities that follow in
sufficient lubrication, v
; Another example showing wha
happens .'when shackles are ad just-
ed too tightly, came to my atten
tion at Ligonler, Peiin., while do
ing totae experimental work on the
mountain. ;,iyo brothers operat
ing a garage , there showed me
dozen springs that had broken, at
the eyo taken from groups of new
cars - that passed through on .
drive way and It happened that all
of these came from the same make
of car, showing that, come middle
west, manufacturer, was too eager
to eliminate any chance of shackle
rattle- by sending hi new cars out
with shackle plates set up : too
tight. These brothers being rath
er expert, had diagnosed IBe" trou
ble properly and were conscienti
ous enough to pass the word along
to the manufacturer. Bu I won
der how many service mechanics
and owners know, that In 99 eases
out of 100 when the spring breaks
at the eye, It la either due to
shackles being adjusted too tight
or to shackle bolt seizing iu its
bearing for want of lubrication.
- "When the a6ove condition exists
the springs cannot function prop
erly." The b hack lea cannot move as
intended, therefore, the "main
Upring leaf carries all the strain
and must bend and break, and this
is liable" to occur In tho first 50
miles ! after -shackles becomes
tight. : j l . ,
, A simple method for freeing up
shackle 'and spring bolts that have
become sufficiently rusted to pre
vent lubrication entering under
high pressure, is to soak a bunch
Of waste in'.. Tterosene, hind this
around the parts affected, allow
same to stand over night, or if
emergency, demands', keeping your
car In service, you can take car out
on the : road providing the oil
soaked waste is no where near an
exhaust pipe or electrical connec
tion that might start a fire. After
12 or 24 hours bolt will free up.
Then apply high pressure lubrica
tion freely to part.
Tight shackle bolts can be de
tected : by observing action of
chackles when" springs are de
pressed; If TjoUb do not turn in
eye of springs and end of spring
tends to. bend instead of entire
spring' flexing, the cause is appar
ent. Iu some - caseB when . the
shacklet plates are adjusted ' too
tight the spring will ' stay ' down
after the load is taken oft, giving
the impression of a Bagged spring.
Watch these points closely. V,
Another point to watch in caring
for springs is, see that spring clips
are tight over the axles.' This is
very important as loose clips not
only cause breakage at center of
spring, but permit shifting of axle,
throwing front wheels out of line
with rear which condition will ser
iosnly affect ease of steering.
Always lubricate spring shack
les after washing car and dally
when touring over svet roads. Dur
ing dry weather, follow rules given
in an Instruction book.
'V.TTIc Care or Car Springs
The question of spring leaf lub
rication in my opinion is a very
serious problem. Some authori
ties advocate lubricating freely be
tween; the leaves while spring de
signers claim that this is very im
portant to spring performance, un
less the springs, are designed orig
inally for lubrication. -
Looking back over roy-experi-ence,
I can attribute some very
serious; developments following ex
cessive spring leaf lubrication.
However, I am aware of the fact
that it is practically impossible to
eliminate spring squeaks entirely
without resorting to oil. There
fore, recommend a very moderate
application of oil or sufficient to
remove the squeaks with the fol
lowing reservations.
First: If car rides very hard
and springs do not bump the axle
under load, spring leaf lubrication
wll Improve riding qualities and
remedy squeaks.
Second: . If , springs are- very
long and flexible and frame bumps
axle excessively under load, would
recommend free application ot oil
tlrjt.to. jowefcte jbojtj; iA.m 'Ab. ,
little spring leaf clips that prevent
the leaves from shifting to see if
the squeaks can be eliminated in
this, manner. If this does not
remedy the trouble and you can
not adjust ypr nerves to spring
squeaks, would, sugest adding ad
ditional leaves' tb-springs to stif
fen them up before going into
excessive lubrication, because ex
cessive lubrication, because exces
sive bumping of "frame to axle
sets up stresses that axle housings,
shafts and steering knuckles were
not designed to take.
Did you ever feel the shock
transmitted through the frame
when over-running a deep rut at
high speed with a heavily laden 1
car. As a rule the rear springs
bump more easily than the front.
Damage to rear axle is less dan
gerous, than the front because it is
not tied up with the steering gear,
but in either case a lot of damage,
expense and perhaps loss of life
may result through excessive
spring bumping.
Continual pounding of frame on
front axle, may develop a leaky
radiator, a broken front motor
support, failure of front wheel
bearing, a bent or broken axle or
steering knuckle.
In regard to the rear axle, con
tinuous pounding of frame to
housing very often springs the
housing sufficient to bind the axle
shafts between their bearings at
the outer end and the differential.
A few cases of axle shafts break
ing re peatedly, after a few hundred
miles of service came to my atten
tion due to housing being sprung
through the foregoing cause. The
bend was too slight to be seen by
the eye, nevertheless, accounted
for the axle shaft failures, for af
ter straightening up the axle hous
ing, shaft breakage ceased.
Rear axle housings are usually
designed to take a liberal overload,
but remember ; the continuous
pounding of frame on axle through
springs being too flexible runs in
to tons of shock therefore, break
age binding , or some other evil
is bound to develop.
If your car is susceptible to
squeaks always keep these points
in mind, before taking Tom, Dick
and Harry's word that lubrication
is what you need between your
spring leaves. Consult your In
structton book carefully and the
local service representative and if
you decide to lubricate your spring
leaves and it caused excessive
bumping, it is far better to add a"
spring leaf to compensate for the
excessive flexibility which usually
follows, than to take the .risk of
axle or steering knuckle failures
The principal of the leaf spring
design is to provide a certain
amount of snubbing or checking
of rebound ly the friction between
the leaves. Lubrication destroys
this in i the case of the flexible
spring and may work to advantage
in the case of a spring that is too
stiff. In the former case, shock
absorbers, snubbers or additional
leaves should be added as a mat
ter of safety.
For Owners Scrapbook
Last week Importance of Proper
Lubrication for Chassis.
Next Week The Spring Bolts
and Shackles.
MOTOR TRUCK MAN HERE
George A. Keep, of the Portland'
branch : of the Moreland Motor
Truck company, spent Friday in
Salem In conference with Vick
Brothers, local representatives.
!F j H j
I'
We will sell you a nearly new Ford that is hard to tell from
. new- put on $70.90 worth of brand
and sell you the machine far cheaper than you could buy a
- , hew car ( . .V. .v ,""'"
Sb DAVS' SERVICE
Goes with every nearly new Ford-r just the same as you
get with a new. car. And we use, genuine .Ford parts.
. Here's the extra equipment
I
SPEEDOMETER ,
AUTOMATIC SWIPE l -EXTRA
TIRE AND TUBE -DASH
LIGHT :
1924 LICENSE
SPOTLIGHT
BUMPER
mm wmn
Ferry and Commercial
Open Evenings and Sundays . .V - :V
IIJTIMll.
First 1924 Regional Automo.
bile Exhibition Will Open
February 9
Terms
The first 1924 regional Auto
mobile Show west of Chicago
opens :n Portland, February 9th.
and continues for eight clays. Nev
er before has a West Coast show,
or at Wast u Northwest show been
given the standing that Portland's
192 4 show has received, through
co-operation and. participation by
the big makers of America's stan
dard cars.
Portland's claim to being the
automotive headquarters for the
X6rthwest Is further signalized by
the announcement that carloads of
dealers and automotive men from
as far east as Butte will be in at
tendance not counting of course
the hundreds of eastern factory
men who are arriving on everv
train.
Local automotive men have al
ready sent in their cards of accep
tance to the Portland headquart
ers stating that they will be at the
show and that they will also at
tend the annual meeting and elec
tion of ,. the Odegon Automotive
Trade association, which meets at
the Chamber of Commerce in that
city, on Wednesday February 13.
Portlands particular claim to
importance for this show lies in
the number of special exhibits be
ing rushed west from the factories
for display here, directly after
showing at New York and Chica
go. Among them are the express
carload shipment of Rickenback
ers, siars, vnrysiers,, ine new
Grays and a host of others, which
will have stop-over tickets on their
way to San Francisco, where they
will again draw the multitudes
during the week of Frebruary 1G
to 23.
ior tne trade ot tne state as a
body, the event will Indeed be
gala one. Aside from the interest
of the many exhibits, will be the
week of trade conventions of prac
tically each of the important lins3
now manufactured. There will be
conventions of the Ford dealers,
Willys-Overland organization of
the Northwest, meetings and ban
quets of the tire men, battery men
and the garage trades generally.
; Of further interest will be the
election of a new board of direc
tors for the Oregon Automotive
Trade Association, on the district
plan, with a prominent automotive
tradesman as the head for each
district. This new director will te
the direct representative of the a
sociation in each district and in
that way the work, of the huge in
dustry will be expedited and the
different, districts given a better
voice in'the active management of
the association affairs and policies.
M. P. Cady, president of, the as
sociation is sponsor for the plan
which has already been approv
ed by those members who have
been approached on the new meth
od of plaeing responsibility.
While each year the trade has
streamed to Portland for the week
the laymen tco have been coming
in ever Increasing numbers. This
year he will have the pleasure of
teeing the product of the most
progressive year in the history of
automobile making displayed in
the most pretentious and costly
setting ever attempted for such a
regional chow.
Produced by the John L. Stark
studios, the huge interior of the
auditorium has been practically
rebuilt. Not an Inch of its present
moulded interior has been permit
Led to spoil the harmony of color
and detail that makes up the huge
Japanese garden, with its myriad
of panels painted by Matt Lermer
from note sketches mde on his re
oent tour of the Orient. These
sketches will adorn the walls while
framing' them are huge temple
gates, holding hidden lights that
fairly enliven the deep toned
sketches of the far East.
Art students who have examined
the work, declare it the most
striking example of mural arCyet
conceived in the Northwest, as well
as the most daring use of color
and light. In this however, Ler
mer has proven himself master,
i Railroads have again signalized
the convention and show with a
special rate on the certificate plan.
Certificates are Iseued at the orig
inating station to be turned in at
tne show, and special fares cannot
be obtained utiles such certificates
are applied for when leaving for
Portland.
dictophone connected with a mov
ing-picture apparatus.; The child,
reads aloud into the dictaphone at
regular intervals without the
child's hearing it, and at the same
time cuts off the beam of light re
flected from the child's eye for a
I ruction or a seconu, ui mis way
it becomes possible to decide just
what a child was saying for each
position of his eye.
These investigations have shown
that a child reading material too
advanced for him-rests his eye on
each word and frequently jerks it
back to the words he has already
read. The eye of a good reader
sweeps rhythmically - along each
line, stopping only three or four
tiuies.
Another finding is that a child's
voice lags far behind his eye if he
is a good reader as they look at it,
while good readers keep their eyes
sometimes two or three lines ahead
of their voice. s.
Among the direct applications to
teaching of this investigation are
these:' If a child reads material
that is too, difficult for him, he
forms had eye habits. If a child
reads aloud too much, especially
after he reaches fourth or fifth
grade, he is in danger of slowing
down his reading rate and of be
coming a "lip reader,"
In other woi?ds, such emphasis
as has been placed on oral read
ing in the upper grades of many
public schools, while eye habits
were still being formed, has actu
ally impaired the children's read
ing ability for life. ,
A new science, tlie. science of
education, is taking -the place of
the old dogmatic pedagogy. .
What has been done bo far is
pitiably small , compared to our
needs; but little by little the light
Is beginning to dawn. Before long
we shall j be -able tb decide pretty
intelligently, instead of by guess
work, what we would teach, and
bow ve (should teach it.
Smyrna Still Crowded
'With Hosts of Refugees
By Mail)
HALT A. Jan. 12. Travelers
pricing through . Malta on th'ir
viy out of Smyrna, the Turkish
t ity devastated by fire la Septem
ber of 1922, declare Ihc situation
there to be far from satisfactory,
or rromlslnv? for tho future.
" In the fire zone are quartered
some 80,000 Turkish refugees
from Macedonia. For a European
to go into this area even in broad
daylight is to risk robbery and as
naulVand it is certain death to
wander after dark, near the flocks
which skirt this quarter. The
Turkish authorities would like to
move these refugees out into the
country, but the refugees refuse to
go, and the Turks must continue
feeding theml
Another problem before the
Turkish government is the lack of
skilled labor, as a result of the
exodus of the Greek and Armenian
populations from which all skilled
labor was formerly recruited: This
deficiency has made it impossible
to look after the-fruit crops, such
as raisins and figs, a circumstance
which largely helps to decrease the
revenue of the government, apart
from the value of the crops.
-ForeIguers;are barely tolerated,
these travelers report, and. unless
bribery is resorted to, it is impos
sible to do any business.
Modern Footwear Ousts
Old Style Shoes of Satin
(By Mail)
PEKING, Dec. 17. The ' en
croachment of western civilization
has revolutionized the shoe-making
Industry in Peking, according
to the Chinese Economic Bulletin.
When official shoes made of satin
were in vogue among the well-to-do,
and the poorer classes ware
shoes made out of cotton cloth, the
business was prosperous; but now
the old-styl hhoes. have 'been dis
carded for foreign-style leather
shoes which are imported, or made
by another class of artisans from
Shanghai or other treaty ports.
For this reason Peking shoemak
ers are engaged almost entirely in
making cheap footwear for the
poorer classes.
Another industry , affected is
baking. Owing to a liking for foreign-style
pastry, the business of
Chinese bakeries is ( falling off.
Hread is being used! more and
more. A, few years ago, it is said,
there ere in Peking more than
4 00 bakeries turning out Chinese
food, whereas today there are only
127.
Medicine shops, althougk show
ing a decreased turnover, are less
seriously affected because .of r the
enormous profit to which the bus
iness lends itself. -
You Get
IHour
Extra
Kvery day io hprn4 at yoifr
homo by riding a- bicycle you
ran only appreciate tlie big
tsavLng of time you can nuke
in place of WALKING, or
WA1T1NO' tor street rar, by
using a Birjclo for a few days.
Go and come as you please
on any street you wish and the
saving of carfare will pay for
the Bicycle.
- We sell tli cm on easy terms.
Harry V. Scott
"The Cycle Man.1
147 Ho. Com'l St. :..
WHAT DO THEY TEACH
YOUR CHILDREN?
(Continued from page 1)
tance into the side of the child's
eye .in such a way that he is al
most unconscious or It. From his
eyes it Is reflected into a moving
picture camera while he is reading.
Each time that his eye moves the
line of light on the moving-picture
film shifts to the left or to
th? right. When the result is
thrown on to a screen the investl
gator can count exactly how many
times the-child's eye has moved
in a second, how fur it has moved,
and whether it has made a suc
cession of forward movements for
each line, or ,has had to go back
repeatedly to look at words a sec
ond time. V ' -iVAn
' elaborate Investigation has
consisted in putting V bell In a
sound-proof box attached -to-' a
t V
No matter what make of car
you drive, ''Western Giani"
Cords will; give satisfactory
service to both the heavy and
lighter weight cars alike.
One of the many feature of "West
ern Giant" Cords is the , high flat
tread with its; sharp edges, and the
row of deep suction cups Riving
sure fion-Fkld design.
SIZE
32x32
J3!4 12
32x4
33x4;
34x4-32x4i2
34x4VjL
"35x42.
35x5
WESTERN" GIANT
12.000-MUe, Guar.
$12.65
20rB5
21.30
2L90
25.55
28.15
2p0
34.30
A ' Prlc on Olhrr Siim)
WESTERN STANDARD
(10.0C0-.MiJ Guarantor)
30x3'a $10.75
Driving Gloves
Gauntlets are very necessary thla
time of the year. We have a wide variety
of styles for men and women.
from . .$2.25.0 $6.50
Tonncau Windshield
Full protection; from the wind to the
folks who occupy the rea' eat of your
car e can be Installed In Just a few
miautes. "the price for one of doubt
strength glass with baked . japanned
frame ia C1 O 7C
only ...OlUfO
Others at '2J5i and $35.00.
Order by
Mail
Our Guarantee
Protects: You
Notice this the next time you walk into
a "Western Auto" store the salesman
greets you with a "Can I be of service?"
smile. He understands your needs and
caters to tnem. I our purcbase is
wrapped and returned to you. in a
"jiffy." There is no unnecessary delay-
no confusion. You leave our
store with the knowledge that the
merchandise is . guaranteed ; that
the prices are pleasingly low
that your business is appre
ciated.
Because of these facts, thou
sands of motorists look
upon the "Western Auto"
as their - Auto Supply
Headquarters.
.cvz;r. -
McKay's U. S. Tire Chains
The careful motorist surely cannot
afford to drive in rainy weather, unless
his car is properly equipped with de-;
pendable tire chains.
Priced, per pair, $3.95 to $10.60, ac
cording to size. ,
Also a- complete line of Cross Chains
and Repair Links.-
Automatic Windshield
Wiper
A clear view of the road ahead in rainy
or foggy weather assures safety to you
and your passengers. Operating from
the intake vacuum this wiper auto
matically wipes your windshield, en
abling you to keep both hands OC
on the wheel at all times. ... . yHiuu
Hand Wipers, 55c to $2.35
Bovey Heater
It is very easily installed and hot only
radiates heat, but circulates and heats
all the air in the car. There is no odor.
It is fireproof. Has an .easy control on
the dashboard, which, of course, is the
most accessible place. It is adaptable
to any car. One "Flexiform" valve
fits any size exhaust pipe.
If s a dandy heater. ......
$17.50
Kingston 4Warm-a-Ford,"
complete, $3.75
"Moore" Car Warmer, each 95c
90 Stores in the West
Auto Robes
Why not a pure -wool auto robe?
Warmth and comfort on the cold
est day! One should be-part of the
equipment on every car -we have
several patterns, from which you
can choose -the prices 1
from. .$6.65 to $19.75
TIRE
Sundriss
A little care and attention to
the minor tire repairs will
save you many dollars each
month.
Reliners
Blowout Patches '
Tire Boots
Elastic Rubber Patches
Shure-Hold Fabric Patch
Vulcanizing Outfits
Tire Cut Filler
Genuine Schradcr
Tire Guage
'jrr-- s Tl rv
Tire Paint
Rim Paint
Tire Tape :
Tire Pumps "t;
Patching Cement '
Valve Caps and Washers
Schrader Valve Insides -Pump
Hose
llose Clamps . r t
Pump Connections j
Rim Tools ,
Tire Covers "r '
We
; .Gsrner Court and High Phone 796
For Your
Convenience
Open TiU
9 p. m. v
Saturdays