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About The Oregon statesman. (Salem, Or.) 1916-1980 | View Entire Issue (Nov. 8, 1923)
4. OWPCO, Proora handlM, mop b in die ' -pings, tent tog glw. all' Kladf of hardwood haadla, manufactured by Oregon Wood Products Co. , - West Salem LLING EAT A rh&TH A DAY ' ... .' ; i .1 I ' : TRIG! SALEM BIS BUY AN OVERLAND V AND Realize the Difference VICKBROS. QUALITY CARS HIGH ST. AT TRADE ! - ' VALLEY '0 w itunu A FUDIEG C E WMTS mm mm PROF. SCHUSTER Need Deep Soils; Also Fertile Soils; Also Proper Locations Walnut Is Aristocrat of Fruit TreesWide Planting Advised, and Good Root System, and High Pruning Plant Only Grafted Trees Editor Statesman:-- -Thirty years ago few people seriously thought of Oregon as a walnut growing state. Today, we can freely say that , this state is destined to become a factor in the walnut i industry of i the United States, provided certain conditions are carefully considered. - ; In this state we hare separate problems of our own-which must b eolred under our own " condi tions without reference to 'other places. Attempts' to ' grow S the same Varieties as grown In Cali fornia, hare not resulted in sue ress. Oregon as a walnut grow ing section has varieties which are suited to our shorter, cooler growing seasons, and ' to this g rou p sWe must confine our at tention '.Other problems are typi cal of this place, and for the best success the solutions ' arrhred at tarough years of experience should be used In determining the future plantings. . : " Needs Deep Soil The first factors to always keen In mind in putting out a planting of walnuts are. connected with the soils that Is deep, fertile,: and well drained soils. By deep soil we mean the soil from five to. nix feet or deeper, as that would be the minimum depth of. soil to consider when laying out orch rds or plantings. The wainut is a deep rooted tree and wilt not FILBERT TREES Choice trees of the usual varie ties. Write for prices and state amount wanted. DR. J. II. WILKKXf litix 120, McMinnviUe, Oregon. Richard H. Turk Walnut and Filbert Nurseryman. Grafted Trees Only i Send for Prire 1Ast. VAXCOUVKK, Wn. HERE, MR. HOMEBUILDER U the I1K8T, S.1KKST, STKOXOlST, I and, in the Umg run, the CIIKAI'KST Material out of whh-h Jto build your i It in JU'RNKD C1Y IIOIXOW l TII.K It hinureM Firc-SMfety . Health ami Comfort. ; , . : Ahk for Catalog and lioklet of - SALEM IlUICk & TILE CO. ' balein, Oregon. . Plione OI7 MfraTof Durnnl f .'lav Hollow Dadding Tile, Drlck, 1 and Drain THe. Dates of Slogans ' I (In Twice-a-Week Statesman Following Day) Loganberries, Oct. 4. Prunes; Oct. 11. Dairying, Oct. 18. , Fill, Oct 25. Filberts, Nov. 1. Walnuts. Nor. 8. 1 Strawberries, Not. 15. Apples, Not. 22. . Raspberries, Not. 1 9. . Mint, December 6. Great cows, etc., Dec 13. Blackberries, Dec. 20. Cherries, Dec 27. Fears. Jan.' 3, 1924. Gooseberries, Jan. 10. Corn, Jan. 17. . Celery, Jan. 24. T Spinach, etc., Jan. 81. Onions, etc. Feb 7. Potatoes, etc., Feb. 14. Bees, Feb. 21. Poultry and pet stock, Feb. 28. Goats, March 6. ' Beans, etc., March 13. Pared highways, March 20. .Broccoli, etc, March 27. Bilos, etc, April S. Legumes, April 10. Asparagus, etc, April 17. I Grapes, etc, April 24. f PACKING CO ARTICLE W OF THE COLLEGE tolerate shallow soil. This deep soil has a reserve of soil moistures so I necessary for the development of j a large tree. One can often notice walnut trees that start out well but after a few years decline in Vigor and soon make no growth at all. A soil that is two or three feet deep will often be found und er jtrees behaving in this way; The shallow soil can be detected in an orchard by the; yellow appearance of j the leaves and the ' small size of the trees in comparison to trees grown on deep soil. A profitable orchard cannot.be developed on shallow soil, even when the soil is deep enough for the growing of other fruits. - The depth of the soil Is deter?- mined not only by the impervious hardpan, rock or similar material, but also the height of the water table. - .The roots of none of our fruit trees will thrive In water logged ' soil, or -where the water table is high. 'Well drained soils are an 1 essential for walnut pro duction, and in this we consider that the soil'should be well drain ed to a depth of five or six feet at least.' '-J ' ' -I A Fertile Soil Desirable A fertile soil is desirable, for rapid growth of the trees. Fer tilltV can be built up in the soil by a few cultural practices, though the trees may not make the growth they, would In better soil. Fertility can be added to soils afr ter.j the trees 'are planted, while depth and drainage can only be added occasionally, and then at cost! that renders it : prohibitive. Of these essential factors in the soil w find that depth and drain age are far more important than fertility when 5 the orchard Is be ing, started. J Depth and , drainage car rarely be corrected while fer tility; can be corrected by proper practices. ! . t Location is Important Although the soil may have the required depth, drainage and fer tility; the location of it may ren der it, unsuitable for walnut grow ing. The freeze of 1919 has im pressed on the code of the walnut grower that the walnut orchard muEt be situated on high levels. Plantings in the low lying ground suffered too severely! to warrant makim? the plantings of more or- Hl lLD Ilauti , : ; ' i k- y ay j r -1 in Daily Statesman Drug garden, May 1. j Sugar beets, sorghum, etc., May 8. Water powers, May 15. Irrigation, May 22. ! f r Mining, May 29. Land, Irrigation, etc,' June 5. . Dehydration, June 12. Hops, cabbage, etc, June 19. Wholesaling and jobbing June 26. Cucumbers, etc., July 3. Hogs,- July 10; . City beautiful, etc., July 17. Schools, etc, July 24. I Sheep, July 31. J ; National advertising, Aug. 7. Seeds, etc., Aug. 14. h ' Livestock, Aug. 21. Automotive industry, Aug. 28. Grain and grain : products, Sept. 4. Manufacturing, Sept. 11. - Woodworking, etc, Sept. 18. Paper mills, etc, Sept. 25. (Back copies of the Thursday editions of ' the Daily Oregon Statesman are on hand. They are for sale at 10 cents each, mailed to any address. Current copies, 5c) 'WSSl Inspected " 4jj"!J . II-! T ' ,', t . chards in? suchrlaces Orchards planted at ithaihlgben; levels, es caped with: little'or no damage in the freeze. Again though sacb. a freeze should not occur again for some time, walnut orchards are very susceptible to' late spring frosts and early fall frosts so pre valent in lower t levels. The ! late spring frosts are very damaging to the tender foliage, pften forc ing out a second growth that is very weak. : The early fall frost is often detrimental to the nuts. To obtain protection against the cold temperatures- the walnut planting should be located on a slope at least 50 feet above .the low lying ground. ? Higher than that ? Is much 'better. The slope should be enough to give good air drainage and be open at the bot tom to allow .of the free downward movement of the air. ;A fringe of brush or trees along a fence be low the -walnut tract will of ter eerve to back up the cold air and defeat the purpose of the slope. Just how high in the foothills or on the mountain side j orchards can be located is a problem, but nrobably not at elevations over a thousand feet. Above! that the season and the total heat units of the summer are liable to be too limited for the development, of the nuts. i . C" Aristocrat of Fruit Trees From the foregoing it would reem that the walnut Is almost the aristocrat of our fruit trees. It demands better soil conditions and better locations than " many other fruits. Where ; conditions are not suitable walnutf trees will not , thrive, and it is the thrifty, vigorous trees that are profitable, not , the. tree that Is Just making it go. . Given, good, conditions the walnut tree will develop into the real aristocratic tree that It is, bringing profitable retu-rns to the owner of the tract. i ! Plant Wide Apart ' ' .'. In planting ,U must be remenv, hered that the' walnut: will ulti mately develop Into a large tree,' and under good- conditions makes a Very rapid growth, sothat wlth-T in a few years close planting, win be entirely crowded. .qutm'TheJ Ideal distance for planting or wal nuts would be from. 50 'to $0 feel apart, with ' the greater distance given the preference. It has been shown conclusively In California that the orchards planted at a greater, distanoe are th$ most pro fitable when they become mature. It is often sugested tht the trees le planted closer than that '; and thep thinned out as they commence to crowd." This is a correct the ory, but usually a very bad prac tice. 1 Most of the people fail to develop nerve enough fo take out a real developed tree as It begins to crowd, with the result that the whole planting will be more or lesa damaged by over crowding. Ttoot System Important At the time the trees are plant ed the tops should be cut back to correspond to the t root system. This fs probably of more concern than the height at which it is cut bark to form a head. The root system, being so heavily cut away in transplanting, willinpt be able to support a very large top, there-1 fore. It is of advantage to cut back I the top to a height of three to four feet to balance off the root sys tem. ., - Y f - "'f f f ' " It has often been thought that since the walnut fruit Is such a hard, dry fruit with j a relatively low water content, that the neces sity of keeping up good cultiva tion was not Very urgent. Exper ience has shown, though, that even with a fruit of this! type tbe sixe Is dependent upon the amount of moisture in the soil. ; An orchard that la- only partially cultivated will Invariably develop small fruit. Again, this lack of cultivation and lack of moisture will react upon OUR BOOMING WALNUT INDUSTRY The walnut boom in the Salem district persists, and will persist-- K Because we produce the world's best walnuts V The highest priced walnuts The best flavored walnuts And we produce them at less cost than any other section; so there is more money in walnut growing here than elsewhere in the wide world. j ' The same is true of filberts And the acreage of both walnuts and filberts is growing as fast as the right nur sery stock can be had I And it will go on doing the same; indef initely. . ! Salem as the high quality nut center of the' United States, and of, the whole world, has a great future. T i Watch the nut r industry and Salem grow. CASCADE BRAND HAMS, the, trees, leaving: them In a more or less ;deTij(aiized. condition, and ultimately , resulting in not only small niits, but . small yield of nuts. Cultivation should be car ride on regularly, and especially with mature orchards, up until late summer. With the younger orchards it will necessarily be dis continued early in the season, b6 as not to promote too late a growth' in the fall, as this growth is very: tender to winter Injury, j Prune Trees High ' In pruning the trees the person doing tbe work should have an ideal fixed In mind of what is to be followed from the very begin ning of the tree. As the walnut tree grows very high, naturally, and since the operations in carins for the tree do not depend to a great extent upon the height or lowness of the tree, it is of adyan t age to force the tree up into the air as high as possible, : rather than t!o spread it out, attempting to, keep it low. In spite.-of ..the bent care given It will be Impossi ble toi keep a walnut tree, rela-. tively low, as they beocme manure. The first operation in pruning should be such as to develop a good system of lateral limbs. It is often very difficult to keep the central leader developing, so t bat more often than not' the tree wul develop with three or four; laiej als coming out relatively close to gether. .It is possible to cut back the laterals and still force the cen tral leader. This will make -the strongest type of tree and one that will naturally assume a tall posi tion. I About the only pruning af ter ttie tree has been shaped will consist In thinning out the tree to avoid over thickening 'of the top. (The walnut will suffer just as much as other fruit trees from the top becoming too thick with the result that the bearing Wood will be practically all on the outer surface. By opening up the top and letting the light get in bear ing 'wbod;can be more easily dis tributed iibronbHit' ! the tree. 'Agal'if.'-wirtJI' tne drooping habit assume1 b9 'the' lower limbs one 'mus;t! keeijVn find that If culti- closes tb t6 'trees the Vower limbs should be 'continually pruned off, forcing the' growth upward. Witb mature trees there will be a cer tain amount of cutting off under neath to allow cultivation,: but practically all of 'the work will be confined ' to thinning out of the tops.! . , i FraiMjuetto llest Variety Experience in. the -past has practically demonstrated that for this ;section there is only , one variety meeting the requirements. It must be admitted that this var iety ts not perfect and that there Is a ! good opportunity of develop ins ia variety superior to it""ttat will j bo more suitable. Tbe,best variety that we have at the pres ent tirae4s the Franquette. xThls variety belongs to a group of Im ported varieties that has the char acteristic oficominjr out In leaf rather late in the spring. Varieties like the Franquette, Mayette,. and the Meylan are about as blight proof as any of the varieties, due to the fabt that their characteristic of leafing out late In the spring- often carries them past the infection time for this trouble. Even with these varie ties j we' will have -a considerable infection of blight in most i years, and I in some years quiteserious. TheiFranquelte is a good market able; nut, of good size, trees bear ing well, and developing to a good size. Th oi her two . varieties mentioned have not "proven the. equal of . this rirst variety. ' 1 Many other varieties have been tested oit. including all those used in California. " None of those used, in California . except the Fraaquette have yet proven adap- BACON AND LARD SALEM,' OREGON table to his section, as most rof them are . extremely;. early In coia Ingj"outinto feaf, being very sus ceptible to' frost "iri' thls section and infection of walnut blight. ; '' IMairi Crafted Trees -In considering a variety 'we have the question of using seed lings in producing walnut orch- fi rHo In tho aotrfnn tner nt thA walnut industry in California all the orchards; planted were of the seedling type. Experience has shown that the use of seedling orchards id not as profitable; as the grafted varieties, so at the present time you, will find but very few seedlings being planted. The whole plantings being put out in. -California j where the plantings are rather extensive are confined solely to the grafted varieties. It wo ii Iff seem advisable that the . . . . . . . people planting walnuts in this state should i take a lesson from the book of experience of the Cal ifornia growers and not commit the same mistakes that were com mitted in the early plantings ; of walnuts in that state. While we do have 'some profitable seedling orchards many more of them are unprofitable. ; Oae investigating the walnut industry of the state cannot help but be impressed by the large number of very inferior seedling orchards developed In this state. Even among the very best orchards there: is always a certain percentage of unsuitable trees that must bev worked over at consider able age. with considerable loss of revenue to thei grower. ' It' is1 true that at times the seedling orch ard may prodnce as well, or vat other times heavier than the graft ed orchard, but as the competition becomes more jsevere In fbis sec tion it will be found that the uni form large nnt'j will bring the bet ter price. It is easily demonstrate ed by studying the prices asked for waln'nts In other sections." . .Tbe Kirk Walnut While there ts an opportunity 6i developing .ew,;, varieties from seedlings.; we, have, yetj to iiad a peedllnjg'. that if! p.ft' superior, worth. Many of Chern' iave been brought out as' being -'far ''uper?br to the present "fvartetiesbut 'npbii; test and trial they baviB all ' been dis carded. " At thk present time' we hear considerable- about the Hrownsville seedling or the Kirk walnut. ' This Brownsville seed ling is undoubtedly a seedling of the soft shell walnut of California, as other trees that were bought and planted inj the neighborhood of this same tree show the char acteristic of that type.pf nut. The Hrownsville seedling itself is not a large walnut so that it will be very difficult to get, a consider able percentage; Into a No. 1 grade. In addition to'this failing H nas the very bad characteristic of It will, be practi cally Impossible to ship this wal nut as is done with the other ones, due to the large amount of break age that will occur in shipping. ; A'study of seedling trees raised from nuts planted of the Kirk walnut do notshow any tendency to come true to type' except in one characteristic. Theyare alj more or less ihin shelled, but be yond that there is very little ten dency of conning true to type. Pome of them are decidedly In ferior to the jparent. tree, while others may h4 superior, the same as we . would expect in any of our seedling' pUuitings. An investiga tion of the seed lings from this tree would nit Justify the state ment that it comes true to ,type, but ba the other hand would Jus tify the statement that there Is no tendency at all for the seedlings to come, truel to type, and that on the whole there Is rio great place for this variety. There may be a local demand, due to the pood , quality of the meat, but as a commercial variety or as a com- Z60 North Hih Strte Boost This Community, i by AdTertisinr on the SksaM . ' Pages , DID YOU-KNOW That Salem is the center of a great and growing walnut industry; that the super nut is grown here the highest quality and the highest priced walnut pro duced in the world; that our walnuts have a superior flavor .: and texture; that our walnuts : are perfect as they come from the trees,. needing no bleaching, and will never need any; that Oregon is marketing, hoW a million pounds of walnuts, the 1923 crop;' that the yield, wilf likely be a mil lion and a half pounds in 1924; that our 'walnuts sell at 2 cents and more a pound higher than the California .walnuts ; that Salem is the grading and packing and marketing cen ter for Oregon walnuts; that plantings are being made and; will be made indefinitely, as fast as good nursery stock can be supplied; and that the returns to this district will soon! be millions of dollars annually? :f.'V;Sj'' mercial group" of seedyngs, - it would nt rate, fWlth: others that we have W tbe-tat.' By no means cfitniwe flcoatparea 10 our H fsileM Mait4s as are now L As to Marketing When It comes to marketing of the alonts oTlJthU state there would be a-fdeeWed advantage It the plantings of Oregon were con fined to one or two varieties. If the varieties " planted ; would .be principally of the Franquette, the marketing of this nut would be a very easy matter. When we come to insnect the offerings of the seedling orchards ' now being put on , the market, especially In the condition that some of them ar rive on the market, we can see where the trouble is going to arise In , the future, unless decided changes are made. With the climatic conditions we have here it is . imperative that the nuts oe picaea up very qlieiitly to avoid staining from thrf J soil sor from the husks that often i are 'attached to them. As soon I . 1 - ntnlrn tin ttlAIT ehfllllff be'thoVoughly scrubbed or washed by some of .the commercial 'ma chines now r on the market, and then) well dried. With tempera tures in the drier between 80 and 90 degrees, or approximately 90 degrees for the most part, drying can be efficiently carried on. Tem peratures much above that will re sult! in rancid meats, while tem peratures much below that' will allow the molding of the kernels. This has been one drawback In the marketing of the walnuts at the present time. ' . ',; -! The Grading Rules The grading' ' rules as put but -by the committee on walnut grad ing, which met in Portland June 13, seem to be a very conserva tive set. of rules that should be followed by all persons. If this section can agree to follow one set of grading rules, it will be of ad vantage to everyone , concerned. The problem confronting the trade at the present time -is not"of-mar-keting the nuts that are strictly graded and of first quality. The real problem, comes in marketing the inferior Mock that should, without doubt,ii never reach the market,;? except as cracked meats. It is ,. the,' inf erlor material that b? he real; problem in marketing at the, present time, and will con tinue to be the problem so long a" ttleL,ocbardSf , are , not located in ideal locailops, and the prope varieties are not put on these lo cations. C. E. SCHUSTER. Corvallis. Or., Nov. 7. 1923. (Mr. Schuster Is assistant pro fessor of pomology of the Oregon Agricultural , college. lie has nia1e an exhaustive study of. and experimentation 'with filberts and walnuts, and his article will be highly appreciated by thousands of'nir Oregon people. Ed.) WlfGlOB Editor Statesman -v . . . ' Fifteen years ago there were a few walnut trees In this locality which produced nuts .of a fine quality, and bore consistently. So in 1908 I adopted a policy of fill ing in all vacant spaces In prune orchard with walnut trees, so that today" I have some 600 trees rang ing; from one to 15 years old. ; - The older trees are very good bearers, but, lteing seedlings, they produce an inferior nut . to the grafted one, and I am compelled to take from 5 to 10 cents per pound less for tbein. than I should So I took a lesson in grafting last year,: and this year I put in 1200 grafts In my seedling trees, and by the end of another year I will have,: them all putting on new Vroomen Franquette tops.. In fact mauy of them put out from six to ten feet the first year, so that 'I was compelled to lop off from 5 1 Phone 1525 5 three to live feetof this growth; to keep; them front coming down on 'the ground. ' So there is no excuse, for the beginner now to make the' mistake 1- did and plant seedling j Irees, bud $et a six to eight-foot tree of the Franquette type with plenty of good strong lateral roots on it and cut it back to. 30 inches;-and, It you don't get a 48-inch growth the first year, it will be ,your own fault. f I purchased 250 from. the Gro-ner-McCltire nursery last year, cut them, back, and got an average of 60 inches growth ' on them this year, many of them, putting on six and seven feet the first year. This proves that we' can grow the trees, and the npt grown Is thinner- shelled, sweeter-meated, and runs a larger percentage to kernel, than , the California nut, And al ready commands a better price in some markets, J' ' . I consider this locality peculiar ly well adapted to the growing of nuts . of tbe walnut and filbert type, and predict, that in the near future 'this will "be' one of 'our greatest industries. - And would advise every home owner to plant at least two trees, and every farm er at least a hundred. . ; . : ;-,;.v: u p.' russell;..: '- Vanco.uyer, Wash., Not. 7, 1923. ; (Mr. Russell is president of , the Washington Growers Packing cor poration." 'Walnut : Growing in the Wa8hbugal Section", was the heading7 on his article. Ed. ) Reasons for- Planting v Walnuts ; Bscante grafted Frtnqutlw are Wlinj for faacy prirea -while many other farm and orchard producta "are aell in g below the coat of .pro . duct ion.-- . . -j , Grafted Franquette are aelling ' fire cent abdve other walnut. TUia difference ia price will pay : the cost, of good trees every year or the cost of hai-resting: the nut. i The reason for thia ia that the consumption of walnuts ha doubl ed -every fie yeara ; tor the past -fifteen yeara and ao doubt will continue. " - . Plant walnut tree and raike crop yoa can sell at a profit. Wrie for price list, and boVlet "which contains.. Taluable informa tion to frowera;" ' GRONER; & McCLURE llillsboro, Oregon, II. 2. Next TJees Slogan ' SUBJECT IS YHE STRAWBERflir INDUSTRY A License! Lady Embalmer to caie for women and children is a necessity in Vl all faaeral homes. Wo ara J the only ones furnishing ' " such serrlce. Terwilliger ;FiiniralHome . 77 Chemsketa SU . Pbona 724 Salem, Oregon I There is a boom in the Salem district, and Manuals, . School Helps and V Supplies 1 Your order will-be giren - TRoiirX attention The J. J. Kraps Company . - Uen? Kraps, Mgr. Salem, . Orrgo : SOLD EVERYWHERE Buttercup Ice Cream Col) P. M, GREGORY, BIsiv 240 Sooth Commercial icrcial G i ...Ml SAU3I Dodge OnoTiiEns Sedaij Bcststsel Lister Ce 184 S. Com! St. Phone 423 L Auto Electric Work . B.D.BAHT0N 1T1 8. Commercial St. WiUcmiette t t Grocery Coi ' WHOLESALE i Groceries, Fruits, Candies, Cigars and Tobaccos - ' ''' ; " . . - - " " ' .. r" I Phone 424, . P. O. Cox 379 Cor.' Trade and Illfib. SALEM, OREGON. . HOTEL MARION: '. SALEU, OUTGOIi - . ;' :-,y:y : The Largest and Host Complete Hostelry in Oregon Out of Portlsnd DRAGER FRDiT I Dried Fruit Pcditrs ' ! 221 8. High St.. Salem, Or.' Always in ;.th'e market f of 1 dried fruiti -of all ldcd y NOW IS THE TIME! i, . To look after your beat i Ing plants and see that It is In good order, or If you 'are 1 going to need a new one. This ' Is the time' to buy it! appropriate THEO f.L BARR 164 S. Com'l Et. T the walnut industry cf it will last indefinitely. OUR TREES! C.V refully Grown rr- Carefully Setected Carefully I'ncked Will Give Satisfaction to the . I'lantrr ' SALEM NURSERY :.X0:.IPAHY 428 Oregn Hullding . , PIIOM2 17C:l . Additional Salesmen Wantc 1