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About The Oregon statesman. (Salem, Or.) 1916-1980 | View Entire Issue (May 10, 1923)
JiirX.-rl THE OREGON! STATESMAN, SALEiC OREGON : ' ' ' '. " i.HURSDAY MORNING;MAY 11923 - - - ' ' . -! : ,': I ttSitt tir .tt t' r a ' TT TT IVT i iHi "r:.TT ITS IT TnP We Will i I 9 .ii t ' ! : i t i i -I- i:- f Hnnt Bros. Packing Company Salem, Oregon i Quality "Fruits, I . Proper growing, f Proper packing, i I ' ' ; j --:'..-! ' i Intelligent selling, Courteous treatmen Community ' service :l I;."' ' r t " " - j ? Are the steps to business success 1 DEHYDRATED and CANNED FRUITS AND VEGETABLES Oregon King's Food Products Company i a lem l'oniana i ne uaiies 8 rv v uregon -Cidecn cStoIz Co. , . i' ilankfainnrers of Dependable Brand I ; . IJme-6aipbor Solution Tbe brand fyou ' can depend on for purity and teat - Prices cpon. application - ? : ' . Factory near corner Df , . Summer j. and ; Mill St. y Salem, Oregon I WillmetteVaDey Prime Asscciation Tbe oldest Association In the Northwest. 'l W-TJEIKS j - At Secretary and Manacef Ir. ..Trade ft High StaJ ; ialtfa, dregon NELSON BROS! Wrm Air fvraaeea, " plomllnc t hestinf sad sheet metal work! tin mnt gravel Mf I nr. general ! Job" ' kiar' la tin aa4 ralveaimad 4r . work. v tlSS CbtmiktU tt. . Phoae j906 DIXIE BREAD v Dixie Health Bread Ask Your Groceir- Always Ride the it's : Convenient Comfortable :: Safe and .I f ". . r Econom!caf too . Tickets Save Time 1 , Sold In strips of S for 30c Sculkera Pacific lines v-'' 1 v FOR YEARS AND YEARS .., . n f . 1 .' Tk Statetmaa Yi beett 'npptr luff th BBt of th erikiral job' priuia.: trd iPnf pwiti wa ar f worth and merit. print MoJra qnipoient aad M r tk ne tbat (at by. STATESMAN PUBLISHING t; COUPANY . fvm f tv-1 ictaaat a. II I fe 4 '. I t II 1 T W It X?- II. IWII . I II uli ' II s. - II AUrr . I -I I II M TKe Way Is to Patronize Your Home People Prod ucts THE HISTORVjOF SUGAR - BRIEFLY TOLD: In Fact, the Modern Enormous Use of Sugar Is New There Are Many . Sources, But Principally There Are Two, Sugar Cane and SugaF Beets, and They 'About Equally Divide the World Trade , 1 ! Sugars and syrup as we know them are comparatively new. Beet sugar la newer than potatoes, and cane sugar only a little older,' to the people of Europe and Amerl- ca- ! i j.' ; ' -; - : Sugar from the sugar cane was probably known in China.- 2000 years before it wasl used in Eu rope. - When merchants began tp trade in the '. Indies, s-ugar, like spices, perfumes and other rare and costly ? merchkndise," was brought to the western countries of Europe, and for'i long time It was used exclusively in the "prep aration of medicines. An old say ing to express the jack of some thing yery essential was "Like an apothecary without jsugar." 1 Sev eral centuries before the Christian era Creek physicians knew 'of sugar under the name' of "Indian salt." It was called, "honey made from reeds," Jand was said to be "like gum. jwhtte 'and brittle;" But not until! tho middle ages did Europeans have any clear idea of its origin. It was confounded with manna or-wan hotrght to ex ude from the stem of a plant, where It dried into a' kind of gum. Wfien in the 14th or ISthj century the sugar cana from India was j cultivated in northern Africa, the SCREEN DOORS " !''!': Wire Screen, Screen Hard- . ware. Screen Enamel and paints will brighten up and preserve your tofel screens. Falls Cityj-Salem ' Lumber Co. 349So. ltth SC a;.: Phon B13 " ' f ;. A. B. i Kelsay, Mgr. Ed. CHASTAIN CLOTHING CO. 303 State t, . . ; i ' Men's and Young Men's Clothing-and Furnishings . -t : , '' , Use my stairs. It pays ' SALEM IRON WORKS EUblihad I860 . I i A'- ' . Founders,, Machinists and Blacksmiths Corner front ft fltata Bta. ' Maanfactarera i of tba 8han4 pump for 'irrigatio . "and other ' purpoara. Corraapondoora aoliei itt-d. Irrigation informatiun aap- . tll"I. s I Vaken f Silt pem Iroa Worift ' Drc 8ara. ; HOTEL BLIGH lOO rooms of Solid Comfort I . - A Home Away From ; omc Devoted to Showing Salem District People jthe Advantages arid Opportunities of Their Own Country and Its v to Build Up Your Home Selling Salem . This campaign of publicity for community upbuilding has been niade possible by the advertisements placed on these, pages by our public spirited business men- men whose, untiring efforts hayeVfcuilded our present recognized prosperity and who are ever striving for greater an(J yet greater progress as! the years go AND.SYRUP BEET SUGAR IS NEW use of sugar greatly increased and as Hs culturii was extended to the newy discovered Canary Islands and later to the West In dies and Brazil, it became a com mon article offood among tht well to do. By ; many the new food was still regarded witb sus-j picion. It was said to be Tory beating, to. be bad .for the lungs," and even to cause apoplexy. Honey was thought to be more: whole-j some, because more natural than the "products of. fojrced inven tions" , ! The sugar industry in what i: now the United State dates from 1751. ;r 'j" H i- But the sugar consumed In thi: and Other countries up to 1850 was nearly all derived from sugai cane. At the present time half the sugar crop of the jworld ia ob' tained from, the sugar, beet.. ; ! It would. once have seemed in credible that the kitchen garden should furnish a rival for the "nfoble planjt" 'that ' had made th? fortunes of . Spanish and .English colonies, but the cultivation of the beet for sugar has in one, gener ation: shifted the center of the gigantic sugar industry from the tropics 'to the temperate zone. ; This growth has been fostered by strange vicissitudes in the for tunes of nations, such as: the com mercial . embargoes and! sugar bounties of the Napoleonic wars, and the abolition of slavery In the. British colonies. ' , The real creators of the new industry, however, were men ; of scientific training who solved cer tain botanical ,andychemical prob lems. - . In 1747 Marggraf, a chemist of Berlin, discovered 4 that beets and other fleshy, roots contain a' crys tallizable sugar IDENTICAL, with that of the sugar cane. In 1TS9 the subject was brought ; before any tne; " Oregon J. Furnaces W W, ROSEBRAUGH CO, Foundry and Machine, Shop 17th & Oak Sis., Salem, Or. Phone S86 Wa Ara Out After Two Million We are now paying over three quarters of a millioo dollar a year to the dairy men of thia aactioa for milk. "Marion Butter" Ii the Bast Batter ; lion Cowt and Better Cows la ' Uta crying need MARION CREAMERY & PRODUCE CO. Kalem, Ore. P!-ne 2488 Salem Carpet Cleaning and Fluff Rug Works Rag and . fluff rngs : woven any sizes without seams. New "mattresses made to order. Old mattresses remade. Feathers renovated. 1 buy; all kinds of oldjcarpets tor fluff rags. Otto F. Z wicker, Prop. , Phone 1154 13 Vi and Wilbur Streets . I Cities and Towns, j Town District is a continuation of the Salem Slogan and ' Pep and Progress Campaign the French academy, and In 1801 I sugarvwas created. ? A new stimulus waa given by the sugar bounties: of Napoleon In 1806, and methods Improved rapidly, I especially i In f France. There were two great difficulties: the small percentage of sugar in the beet ( 5 per centl, and the dif ficulty of separating; It from many ether constituents, some of them acrid and having a! "very unpleas ant flavor." . i - In 1836 It took 1$ tons of beets to produce one ton 4f sugar. Now 12 per cent beets Are considered necessary for profitable manu facture, land the Oregon Agricul tural college bulletin quoted In this issue says the -sugar content runs up ;to 25 per cent. The ttrra "sugaf;," as used ' in 'his article without qualification, means the ordinary; sugar of com merce, the chemical name of which ls sucrose, y- But tiere are many kinds of sugars and syrups. ' Milk' contains 4 ltd 5 . per cent oLan important sugar- milk su gar or lactose. . Iloneyi Is a natural sugars the most, ancient use( as human food. Since early tinies" the Japanese have made a sort of sugar called a me; .from sweet5 potatoes, glutl fous millet or glutinous rice;, and other, products, by converting the starch . they contain into maltose, by the action of an unorganized ferment called diatase; raalt,. or fprouted; barley being generally used to furnish the-ferment. Then there are malt sugars and syrup3 in this country: called1 malted.f "predigested.; etc : There is also glycogen, or anK mal sugar found in small amounts in muscular tissue, and mbrfli abundantly in the 'liver.' : - Saccharin, sweeter than .sugar. Is not sugar at all, but a benzene compound; commonly prescribed in cases of diabetes to satisfy the natural craving for sweets. The glucose products are about half-as sweet as sugar, j Then there is maple syrup and sugar; and it is made from the sap of SUie butternut and birch and many other; trees, as well as from the sugar maple, frees., , " Then there are the dextrose or grape sugars; many kinds, and existing in and extracted front many kinds of. fruf ts, but of late made mostly from grapes; and made in many forms, as sugar and syrups'. There is some sugar or syrup, in nearly all fruits and flowers; and in nearly all the sweet vegetables; even turnips. Near Harrlsburg, Linn county, Oregon, there is a colony of Rus sian Mennonites who make, the sugar and syrup fjr their own use from carrots. . " " KKKS1I VAHiH lFXJALI.Y t IKFINKI ; Much has ben; said and written describing what j really constitutes a fresh egg. but it remained for the state of Pennsylvania to give it legal significance. In the lan guage of the law in the Keystone state,, ,4A fresh egg is on a that is understood to have the following qualities: Its white is capable of whipping well; in cooking it can be satisfactorily poached or soft boiled; it 'has -not abserbed for eign disagceeable odors r' its em bryo shall not have developed ap preciably; the yolk should be fair ly stiff land well-rounded, and the white should nof be Watery, and the chalaza (the knotty, stringy substance at each end, whereby the whits, and yolk are connected together) shall be well defined.",: With jthe advent of warm wea ther and the release of cold storage eCS, and also the somewlaat infer ior sumnier-laid egg,' it will indeed be interesting to learn how the en forcement of this law will really work otit. In Oregon,. where thR; poultry) industry is partially of-' ganized, its application brenforc- ment would be attended with less frictionp and criticism : than r In j .Pennsylvania, where the poultry. producers are practically unorgan-J ized. . ' I ! by. - IE OREGON AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE : . ' BULLETIN ON The Soil and Climatic Conditions in the Willamette Valley Are Very Favorable to the Production of Sugar Beets -The Planting, Thinning and Harvesting of the Crop Described (Following is in fnll the Ore gon Agricultural I oolege Uuletin (Circular 23) on Sugar Beets, written in April. 1920. by Gv It Ilyslop,. professor of farm crops i: J Sugar is one of pur important articles of diet. According to sta tistics of 1910. the average per capita consumption in the United fStates was 179.9 pounds. Frdm Inferior roots having two to four perecent sugar with a low' coef ficient of purity they have oeen developed io as high ais .25V per cent of sugar . with ; a coefficient of purity above 80 per cent. I j duction of beet sugar 'and. cane sugar in metric tons is as fol lows: 1840, beet, -50,000; cane, l.lftO.000; v 1910, beet, 8,5 02, 970; cane, 8,566,814. toerraarjy, Russia, Austria Hungary,-, France, aad the United States are lead fns producers 'of beet sugar , In , the order mentioned. '.-I; j . j ' .j. IIeie in this section, we have for' a 'long time needed some cul tivated eaop in order to give: us the benefits derived from Inter tillage on lands which have been producing littlw but cereals; and certain types of hay. Successful sugar, beet euJtre means tillage and -that the crops must be rotat ed, because sugar beets grown alone rapidly' decline in yield, while qn the other hand various crops grown in a rotation with sugar beett are usually greatly benefited by .the careful culture which must be given a paying crop of beets., Tbjet fact that the land is careflly ! hoed and cultivated througnoi.t the summer, that it is occupied by a very deep rooted plant, and that the soil is deeply stirred in jthe fall in harvesting the beets makes the crop a par ticuarly desirable one to include in a rotation. .1 A ood Rotation ; Sugar beefs, fit 'into rotations very well. Systems may be used, usualy consisting of sugar beet.3 one year, roiiowed ty! fall-sown cereal, such as' wheat j oats, or barley on which! clover j Is seeded In February. The clover may be left one or. In some cases two years and then be plowed up and the field again put into sugar beets.' . We heed, in the Willam ette valley, cultivated jcrops fpr on? rotations; yet there are Hit few cultivated,, crops tbat r can be grown on an extensive basis that will yield cash and give' desirable results. We have a few crop.? which are ordinarily cultivated and these Include corn. kata. mangels and potatoes', j There ;ls only a limited use for each of these as cash' products wlthvtbe possible exception of the potatoes. It is, therefore, desirable, tp in troduce some deep-rooted root crop capable of improving -the physical condition .of the, soil and at the same time giving a valua ble cash return. ' About the best crop that presents itself under these circumstances is the sugar beet. ' , , '", " j ' !lAs a plant, it is adapted to r;a ther warm, sunny sections thiat are well, supplied with moisture. It has long been known that tho success of sugar beet culture de pends to a considerable extent upon the sunlight of the locality and It is therefore usually not! a good plan to attempt to grow su gar beets in sections where there ig a largo .amount of summer cloudiness. ' -- j ' it has also been stated that su The Surest Way to Get Industries Is to Support SUGAR BEETS. IN FULL gar beets are" great removers of soil . fertility, and it is true that considerable amounts of nitrogen and potash are taken away but, if on the other hand, the sugar beet pulp is brought back .from the factory and fed to the stock there Is practically none of this fertility which escapes. Also H sugar beets are grown in a good rotation- with clover, it is very likely that the fertility conditions of the! soil .will improve rather than, run down as' a result of the tulture ot this crop. The other and most desirable feature of the sugar beet crop,jaside from its being ja cultivated one, is that it means; a considerable cash re turn for each acre in beets If that acre Is- properly handled. The yield Of beets varies from ten tons per acre up to. In some cases, as much as 16 to 20 or more tons, when- grown under very favorable conditions and if yields of 12 tons or better are secured, there- Is ey Iri the culture of sugar beets. Requires Much Capital On the jother hand,, there are' certain obstacles to overcome and certain factors which mayi appear to be disadvantageous to this in dustry. In the first place' it re quires a considerable ; amount of capital, to build and r to operate the factory and to provide work Ing capital for growers of the su gar beets. This large amount of capital is lii active use, only for a ' relatively 'short season as the sugar making campaign does-not normally extend over .from 90 to 1 20 daysr However, numerous factories at places where beets are rroduced successfully,; have amply demonstrated that the investment is a .paying, one so the principal obstacles to be overcome jis that of securing a sufficient acreage of beets for a long enough period of time that the plant may be as sured of raw material on which to work. The difficulty is'tove cure enough farnters interested In the - capture of beets on a small scale who will-bring up the to tal acreage to about 5000 or more acres for the factory. ! It Is not advisable to have a few with ex tremely large acreages lor the reason that the crop is one with which most farmers are, not fa miliar and one who has had no experience with the crop is in great danger of failure If a'large acreage is undertaken. Five to tea acres the first year Is enough while one 13 gaining experience. After having learned the ins and outs of sugar beet culture the-lar-ger acreages may be safely tried. The crop is an intensive one re quiring a considerable amount of careful hand labor and this Is a type of work which.; many grain and hay growers are not accus tomed, to. It will mean the se curing of a, considerable amount of transient labor for such per iods as the thinning and hoeing and! the digging and topping of the beets. In order to grow the crop successfully" and 'without friction and .labor troubles. It is necessary to have a considerable amount of working capftal so tbat help may bv paid off promptly. t probably costs from $60 $90 per acre to produce the beeti and a good deal of this must be! paid Out for thinning, and hoeing and the harvest time for the crop. - Climate Very Favorable Our climatic conditions in gen eral are very favorable. for the culture of sugar beets In that we may get them seeded rather ear- i More ahdlLarger Those You aye Why .offer with Stomach, ly and we have excellent growing conditions, for them 'during the summer. It is true ' that our long, dry periods on the unirri gated soils will limit to some ex tent the yield of beets unless very good cultural methods- are prac ticed. However, In the fall, it will be necessary to get tbe-beeti dug moderately early . m order to avoid serious second growth. The fall rains which come on are- llke- I ly toi. start the second I growth of the ; beets !whlCh will lower tneir sugar content and If this Is car ried on to too great an txtent it will make them -less valuable -for manufacturing purposes. How ever, it will be distinctly to the advaiftage of the farmer,:, as. well as the manufacturer,, to ' have: the beets! dug reasonably "early.Our season by the. middle of Septem ber is cool enough that, the beets Willi keep very satisfactorily and If we leave, them Jn the ground, until it' gels muddy it will add materially to the cost of harvest Under, ordinary " conditions, the beets should be harvested by" the first to the middle of October not only from the standpoint of avoid' ing serious second growth but al so to avoid the extensive digging In the mud. ' As far as climatic and soil Conditions are concerned, I believe 'various parts of Eastern Oregon the Willamette valley and the southern Oregon Bectlonrwill successfully produce them, 'pro vided proper cultural methods are used. f - The-preparation of the-soil foi sagar beets should, if possible. In clude tbe- turning under .of a clover- sod : which has j previously been well manred. It Is the de sire of the sugar beet grower to produce a large number of the medium sized beets and in order to do this it is necessary to have a rich soil. The clover pod should be plowed under in the faH 'or early in the spring and then a good heavy application of bard yard' manure may be applied at the same time. If you are in the section where there is some neces sity of re-plowing, the application of the barnyard manure should be made in the spring, and be plowed nnder later. ; -V. . Good, Soil Needed The sugar beet crop responds very well to a"good, rich soil and this allows a considerably .heav ier stand of plants, j Ordinarily the seed that Is supplied should be passed over a grader . which will sort out the exceedingly large and small seeds and which gives a small, medium, and large size of seed. It is always a good plan to screen out- the exceedingly largo seeds because " they fre quently clog up the drill. Also, by eliminating these large seeds, it is possible to so . regulate the drill that it sows more nearly, the number that, ar desired; Usual ly 15 pounds pcfc'acre of cbmmon, ungraded seed ' are used. Fif teen pounds per acre of the largo Seed and ajbout 10 pounds' per acre of the medium seed and about eightpounds per aero of the very small seed iH provide an ample stand if thej seed is good and thus graded seed will 'save' several pounds of seed per acre. , The land must be kept harrow-1 To build for permanent fl cy, strength and beauty use Burnt Clay Products 1 1 1 Salem We Will Our Best Efforts t all timet to asalit la any poilbla way the dT6l opment of tba rait and berry Industries 14 thim t1- on Pacldng Co. Trouble when Chiropractic will uren ' . icemove toe ituo Your Health Begins When Yon Phone 87 ; . for an appointment . ' , Dr. SCOTT & SCOFIELD ' ; T. O. .OUreprMUri ! Ray Laboratory 414 to 410 U. S. Natrl Blc : --it Bids. : Hour 10 to 12 a.m. and 2 to O p.m. ed and should be carefully .level ed by going over it with, a float before the seeding of the beets, i The sugar; beeaare ordinarily sown rather early but not so early as to be caught by cool, wet grow ing -'Reason Jn,;(b9: Spring. "f, -Sugar beets are usually 'so wiT" in towt from 16 to .30 - .louch m ' apart although the commojiidis-.' taw, apart is about 21 to', 22 ' Jnh'eii'f, The feeding should take: place .; as . soon as the groun 1 warms' up well but should not te -while the ! land Is; still cold , and wet, nor should the seeding be de-. ' layed until, the dry: season Is. ad vanced. , Usually; the seeding In various parts' of the southern and western Oregon sections should i take place' from' the first of April . up to about' the 10th of May. ' TlieThlnnins iroces - : When the, fourth leaf appear?, , workmen- , with - hoes pass, along . the rows and cut strips of beets as long as' the width of their hoes from the rows" .and leave single plants of beets where possible or blocks of beets sometimes as much , as two inches in length, then cut ' out anpther strip and so on. This leaves the. single beets or blocks of beets at intervals! of about 10 to 14 Inches and Usually small boys or girls, working on their hands and knees astride the rows, pull all but the strongest beet. This leaves , the. thifined fceet in the' row at about 10.' to" 14 Inches apart. Great care must be taken tor avoid pulling all of the block, of beets and also to be sure that the entire beets aTe removed by the palling process. If the tops only are removed,- the roots will again sprout up and thinning will . not have been accomplished. The thinning must be done before the beets get large, as , the cost of thinning after the I fourth leaf has appeared very ! rapidly In creases with, the developmnt "of the roots. ' Immediately after thinning, the land should be carefully cultivat ed, using a fine tooth type of cul tivator which will stir up the soil without covering the beets. Ia many Instances' it la' necessary to use fenders ' to . prevent the soil , covering ui the v small plants. , From this time On, as frequently as necessary I maintain a gwi mulch; and to kee the weeds iu checK, a cultivniion. should b? given nntll theleuVrs eet in l.ircr that , tho cultivator nd the tramp.: intj or the norses will break then off. As ths .season advances, there will be some weeds between -the rows which cannot be gotten by, the cultivator and these will necessitate' more or less hand hoe ing. -., The Harvesting Late; in the fall experts from the sugar ifafctorr. examine the beets and ' determine" their sugar content In order to find out it they may be profitably manufac- tured.. yhenever the content pt . the beet reaches that point that profitable manufacture mav take place, notification Is given the far mer to begin digging. The beets are lifted by a beet didnr ma chine and are usually picked up and thrown Into piles where they (Continued on page 3) Brick & Tile Co. V I 1 J . Salem, Oregon. t Pboue 917'