I ! SEVENTY-SECOND YEAR
SALEM, OREGON, SUNDAY MORNING, MARCH 18, 1923.
ft
3
IHLECTId
OF PRESIDENT
IS PREDICTED
I i if .'Diia.pAnliAn(!n'rAmnnSnn
, , i i c-uutivciiiiuii ucuiipaiyii
. L -Manager for Harding,
v Sees Victory.
HEALTH IMPAIRMENT
i MAY STAND IN WAY
V 'Senator LaFoIlette Believed
Only Candidate Pitted
I - Against Head. '
MIAMI BEACH, Fla., March
; 17.-(By The Associated Press.)
!. Predf et loo ( that President
Harding1 will be a candidate for
' . renomlnation will be selected as
the Republican standard bearer
V and will be . re-elected, was made
here today by. Attorney General
' Daugherty,. ,pre-conventlon cam
: palgn manager j for. Harding In
1920- and since then his chief
. political adviser. , 1
'President Harding will' be a
candidate ,. for renomlnation,"
said Attorney General Daugherty.
'There will be no other candi
i' date against him except one and
k that one Is always , a candidate.
He will be renominated and re-
elected. The country and the
party will , demand it." -
Statement Authoritive -
Mr. ' Daugherty, who Is at Mi
ami Beach recovering from his
recent Illness made the stater
tiAnt to th mewsnaner eorres-
i rV pendents with President Har-
ting's Florida vacation! ,f party
' for whonr he sent. The; state
Dent is regarded as by far the,
i , most authoritive informal j an-
nonncement ( as ;Hto President
'Harding's intentions with Tespect
4 , to 1924 yet made because the
I lAa valttUnattt tialWAoik ' H iff A
1UOO ciOkivuour . av " u
chief .executive and "Mr. Daugh
erty ' with respect to -; political
matters, r - i
The president and Mr Daugh
eity had several conferences be
fore .the vacation; party left
AVashineton early this month.
and they hare seen each other
a two or three times during the
former's threeVdays visit here.
Similar statements have been
made In the last few months
by several Republicans regarded
as close to the president.
Secretary -Hoover some months
ago made such! a statement in
-California - and only last ; month,
'Senator Watson of Indiana, in a
t speech . in the senate, ; predicted
that Mr. Harding would be
k candidate and would be renom
. Inated. .. - a' -
Health May Prevent-, :
Asked if there was any contia
v geney under which Mr. Harding
-would not eeelc another term m
the White House, MrV Daugherty
sa id he hoped only an Impair
ment - of the President's I health
would stand In the way.
Although . agreeing A with the
etatement made yesterday by
'William J. Bryan that it was
-yet a bit too early to talk pol
1 itics, Mf.' Daugherty said some
f of the Issues on which, the cam
paign ! would be fought , put- al-
ready '. had ' appeared '. Among
f?Ti- these he mentioned taxation, law
' Tor the United States in Inter
national affairs and. theiiimln
istration. of the department ol
" justice, ,.t ;.:: - v
.Theatlorney -general -did not
. A elaborate on his statement ..that
I tbere would be only ' one eandt
. ' date . In the , quadrlenniar Repub
w lie ' conventions -against -Mr.
v Harding. . Some of those who
- beard him believe he referred to
' Senator LaFoIlette of Wisconsin.
THE WEATHER
I
i
OREGON: Sunday fair: mod
erate northerly: winds.
LOCAL, WEATHER
t (Saturday)
Maximum temperature, C6.
Minimum ftempetature, 31.
Rlver. '&.0 rising. f '
Rainfall, .ndne.: j
Atmosphere, clear! "
Wind, west.
PEACE MARKS
MARCH ON ST.
PATRICK'S DAY
Irishmen of Republic and Free
State Work in Harmony;
Guards; Stationed.
NEW YORK. March 17.
Thirty-twb hundred members or
the police department detailed to
prevent possible clashes between
Irish Free State and Republic
sympathizers guarded some 8,000
marchers in the St. Patrick's day
parade through Fifth avenue this
afternoon, i 1 - ;
The nearest thins to a distur
bance was created at 4 2 ud street
when an aged woman elbowed
her way through the crowd to
the curb and shouted: "Ow, ye
dirty robbers!", , !
The . laughter she caused dis
gusted her and she moved on.
Several Republicans, bearing
Discards scorintr the Fm State.
attempted to join the procession
Init :were pushed behind the po
lice lines, i -. -
Thirty patrolment were station.
ed in each of the 84 h locks alone
the line of march, while members
of the bomb squad and the detec.
tive division walked beside the
automobiles of I the marshals. A
squad of mounted t patrolmen
beaded the procession. Extra de
tails of traffic; men and several
hundred reserves were pressed
into duty. . .
Most of the bands slaved "Tba
Wearing of , the Green," exclus-
irely. , . . ; rf.U:-V.v';
Treaties Made With Isaac
Stevens Call for f.luch Not
Given, Say Redskins.
SEATTLE, Wash., March 17.
Seeking .a plan by., which thejr
might obtain "parcels of land and
two buckets of; gold" they assert
ed are ; due them under treaties
made. with Isaac I. Stevens, first
governor of the territory of Wash
ington, 300 Indians met here to
day in i the county-city building.
It was. decided; to send additional
delegates to join Tom G. .Bishop,
who is in Washington, C, as
an agent of his fellow Indians. -
'Judge Arthur E. Griffin of Se
attle, attorney j for the Indians,
was applauded with grunts and
hand clapping i when he said:
"They took jaway , the fairest
lands, and when they found that
the Asmall part they; had given
back contained . fine timber, they
snatched it away again and 'sawed
down the trees. And now they
want ; the. Indians to take the
stumps." i-f
i Many Attend Meet
Indian speakers admitted that
the 80 acres of land apiece prom
ised ' in pacts : made y by Governor
Stevens at Medicine Creek, Point
No Point, and : Point Elliott had
been provided for, many in reser
vations. But. many, ; they - com-
( Continued from page 1)
GOLDPfiSo
1E10RM JS GIVEN
M
BY SENATOR lift
. As a memorial to his wife, thej late Jessie Breyman' Mc
Naryt United States Senator ChaVles L. McNary has contrib
uted to the new Salem hospital, now in course of construc
tion, a Wilmot-Castle triple combination sterilizer. This was
announced yesterday by Henry W. Meyers, who is managing
the construction of the hospital. : ;
The gift, In the opinion of those I
familiar with hospital equipment.
is one of the most necessary parts
of hospital equipment and is es
pecially acceptable because ; the
hospital association has been in
a quandary as to. how the pur
chase of apparatus of this kind
could be accomplished.
HI is probable that no other hos
pital in the state outside of Port-
land bas a sterilizer as modern
and convenient as that given the
new Salem institution by Senator
- ' i
PLAN TO M
EXPRESS CAR
IS THWARTED
Three Bandits Captured Af
. ter Running Gunfight;
Telephone Operator
Spreads the Alarm.
ARRAIGNMENT TO BE
NEXT MONDAY MORNING
Plan to Capture Bi-Weekly
Payroll of Miners Admit
ted by Captives. !
TACOMA, Wash.r MarcnU7;-
Pending final arraignment Mon
day morning on charges of train
robbery, three wounded men are
in the Pierce county jail tonight
as a result of an attempt! Satur
day morning to rob an American
Express company car in a North
ern Pacific train at South Prai
rie, 'near here, this morning at
8:15. .. 0 . .
The -three men were captured
after a running, gunfight begin
ning at the' scene of the robbery
attempt and ending a few miles
to the . north of Buckley, a after
they had been wounded by a citi
zen posse led by Marshal Fred
Klingenberg of Buckley. J They'
were held in the Buckley jail un
til 4he arrival of "Pierce county
deputy sheriffs. They obtained
no money in the robbery attempt.
The men are: ,
Paul R. Rlpoli, 37, wounded in
the arm.
Floyd JorgenSon, 20, shat
tered arm..;..
Kerry. Penning, shoulder wound.
Operator Sprears Alarm
Jorgenson tonight admitted hia
part la the robbery to. sheriff's
deputies and the others would not
deny that they were members of
the trio. Jorgensen said that it
was their first robbbry attempt,
and that they had figured that it
would be better, to pull a big job
than a number of 'small "stick
nps." . - :.. i ' ?
The capture was attributed to
the' quick action of the telephone
Operator at Buckley, who' dashed
from., her post and spread the
alarm, a few minutes after word
had been phoned from South Prai
rie, telling of the crime. '
-Charles Foreman, resident of
Buckley, called to businessmen
Whom he knew, spreading the tel
ephone message and quickly
rounded up a half dozen men with
guns. Hardly had the armed men
appeared on the street when the
high powered bandit car rounded
the bend in the main street.
. , . Bullets Fly I V .-:
A volley of shots greeted the
bandits, one bullet shattering the
windshield and wounding one of
the men in the car. A piece oi
the glass struck Will Henderson,
dellveryman, who was' sweeping
off -the walk in front of one of
the stores in the town, cutting a
(Continued on page 6)
HOSPIT.
Mcisary. The sterilizer is a ne
cessary adjunct of the up-to-date
surgery, and the j senator's gift
Ttill make the surgeries of the Sa
lem hospital as good as can be
found, in the. northwest.
The sterilizer consists of two
15-galIon hot water tanks,, a uten
sil and - instrument and dressing
sterilizer with aITi modern appli
ances and with sufficient capac
ity for live operations.: The. ma
terial is highly , nickeled and
bronzed and the cost Installed will
be f 1700.
CUPID FINDS
COUPLE AFTER
A SEPARATION
Two Married in Sweden and
Divorced, Are, Reunited on i
Coming to America. "
YAKIMA. Wash.. March 1 7.
That fate acts queerly at times
was revealed in an unusual ro
mance brought to light at the
marriage license window today in
the county auditor's office when
John Oberg of Yakima appeared
with Hulda Holan Sgolund to ap
ply for a marriage lieense. The
couple were married in Sweden
32 years and were divorced, Oberg
coming to America. His divorced
wife married in Sweden and when
her husband died, came to Amer?
ica where she is again united
with her first husband. i
GRID JURY
Salem, Mount Angel and Sil
verton Persons Charged
With Offenses: i
Miss Ella Wolfe of Salem, driv
er of an automobile that ran down
and fatally injured Mrs. Elizabeth'
Hubbard on February 17, was in
dicted on a charge of reckless and
imprudent driving by the Marion
county grand jury that reported
yesterday to Judge Percy R. Kelly.
The original charge was man
slaughter. Robert Burns and Edward ,L.
Smith, who robbed the state bank
at St. "Paul;, last . wfeek, ! were Ini
dieted for assault sand robbery
while armed with a dangerous
weapon. Al Kronberg and Frank
G. - Walker of Mt. Angel, accused
of burning their garage at Mt.
Angel, were indicted on a charge
of Rpttine- a fire with Intent "to
injure the insurer. Their .case was
first investigated by the state fife
marshal. i-
Silverton Man Accused
An indictment also was returned
against C. M. Coy. Silverton hotel
man, wh6 is accused of forging a
check, using the name of Willie
Rapp. Another indictment was
that against Albert E. Anderson
of Salem for burglary. He is ac
cased of burglarizing the Jorgen
sen Tire shop Friday night and
to the police confessed in all to
seven burglaries.
The grand jury returned a to
tal of 14 true bills, four not true
bills, and one secret indictment,
i . Four Are Cleared '
The not true bills found were
those of L. D.atton and Phoebe
K. Arrell, charged with adultery;
Jay Morris, charged with obtain
ing monev under false pretenses;
Ernest, Erickson, charged with
adultery, and Floyd Rudie charged
with contributing to the delin
pueney of a minor.
True bills returned were Ella
Wolfe, driving a motor vehicle in
a careless and imprudent manner;
John Case, indecent exposure; Al
Kronberg and Frank G. Walker,
burning property with Intent to
Injure the insurer; Gilbert Lyons,
forgery ,v David Lddjeblad, forgery;
Robert Burns and Edward Smith,
V ( Continued on page 6)
TO QUIT POST
Superintendent, of Commer
cial Fish Hatcheries at
Outs With Board.
'Resignation of R-v E. Clanton,
superintendent of commercial fish
hatcheries of the state fish com
mission, effective TApril 1 has
leen requested by the commis
sion. No reason tfor the clash between
the commission and Clanton, who
bas been connected, with the com
mission for "15 years, is given in
the letter eigned by the commis
sioners asking Clanton to resign
and neither the commission nor
Clanton will discuss the matter,
at this time. ' .
I The letter .ts, signed by F. P.
Kendall. Portland', v, chairman;
Cbris Schmidt of Astoria and Al
III. Powers of Powers, Or., mem-
-Ptt "Community Building," by
iCT
4
WON
peace; SAYS
AUTHORITY
Pacifism Is Keynote of Peace
Treaty Draft According to
Raghib Bey, Paris Dele
gate. FINANCIAL MATTERS
WOULD 3E OMITTED
Want Settlement' of Greek
War Indemnity Between
Two Countries.
PARIS, March 17. (By the
Associated Press.) The Turkish
counter propositions to the Lau
sanne peace treaty draft are "re
plete with evidences of Turkey's
pacifism, all the conditions con
forming to the Angora govern
ment's desire for peace and in
dependence," declares Hussein
Raghib Bey, the Angora represen
tative here.
Raghib Bey, who sat up through
out last night digesting the text
of -thi3 lengthy document, which
reached Paris by courier, forecast
possible differences in the inter
pretation of the text, according to
which nation was doing the trans
lation. His digest -divides the An
gora project into two parts, the
first being given over to those
parts of the Lausanne treaty
which are acceptable to the Turks
and' the second to - the sections
which their propositions . have
modified.
' Frontier Line Changed
In the first part is Included
Turkey's acceptance of a delay in
the solntion of the dispute over
the Mosul oil fields between Tur
key and GTeat Britain for (one
year, and its reference to Abe
"eague of nations for settlement
if no agreement is then' reached;
the granting of Karaghatach, the
Adrianople suburb, to the Greeks;
the draft treaty solution for the
freedom of the straits and the
treaty's adjustment of the mi
jioritles problem. Turkey like
wise accepts the appointment of
three neutral judges of Turkish
courts for five years and agrees
to re-organize the department of
Justice, these stipulations being in
line with the allied plan for solu
tion of the question of the status
of foreigners in the Turkish
courts.
In the second part of the digest
the modifications noted include
the request that the frontier line
between Greece and Turkey run
through the middle of the river
Martlza instead of along left bank,
and for the possession of Turkey
of the island of Castelloriza, part
of the Dodecanese group. Turkey
claims the Castelloriza practically
belongs to the Anatolian coast.
.The Turks further propose to
distribute the "public debt" among
the allied governments which by
the treaty are confirmed in their
possession of territory which be
longed up to the time of the ar
mistice to the Ottoman empire.
It is further proposed that the
47 articles in the treaty dealing
with financial matters be separ
ated., from the body of thedocu
ment and settled at a future date.
The: Turks ask tha.t the ques
tion jdf Greece's war indemnity to
Turkey be settled directly between
the two interested nations, or in
case of disagreement, by, arbitra
tion. In regard to the treatment
of foreigners in Turkey, the An
gora government suggests appli
cation of the principle of reciproc
ity or else the most favored na
tions (Clause.
Nearly Four Score, but
He Is Still Good Walker
SILVERTON. Or., March 17.
(Special to The Statesman.) -M.
S.; Hoblitt. who will reach his 78th
birthday in -June, arose one morn
ing, this week shortly before 4
o'clock and' hiked, to Salem. He
arrived at the capital around 9
o'clock and after resting a short
while he negan his homeward lap
of .the journey. He reached home
about 2 o'clock, averaging three
miles, an hour. ; Mr. Iloblltt was
offered several rides but declined
as he was merely out for a little
exencise. Mr. Iloblltt Is from
Minnesota and Is spending the
winter with his Bon John Hoblitt,
who is editor of the Silverton Ap
peal.'; ' , .
OHIO SENATOR
STANDING PAT
ON NO LIQUOR
New York Legislature Wants
jSuppdrt oif Light Wines and
Beer Is Denied,
WASHINGTON, March 17.
Senator Fess, Republican, Ohio,
informed Governor Smith at New
York in a letter made public here
today that he could not comply
with the petition of the New York
legislature for support of the pro
posal to legalize light wines and
beer. There should be no "com
promise" on the liquor question,
the Ohio senator said, and the
proper recourse for those oppos
ing prohibition would be . to ad
vocate. repeal of the 18th amend
ment rather than modify legisla
tion. . '
"The whole history of the tem
perance movement in the United
States," said the letter, . "is re
plete with illustration after illus
tration of attempted compromise.
The evils of this business are of
such a .character as to have con
vinced the American , people that
it is a subject which cannot be
regulated but must be annihil
ated. MANY OFFENSES
Surveillance of Anderson by
Officers Clears Up Nu
merous Burglaries.
Although: Albert E. Anderson,
confessed burglar of the Jorgen
sen tire shop, 190 South High
street, Friday evening, did not
know it, he had been under sur
veillance by Chief Walter W.
Birtchett for the past month. As
a consequence he was arrested by
Patrolmen Victor, Smart and Put
nam in less than one hour after
the theft 'had been discovered.
The apprehension: occurred in a
local . pool hall, , which Anderson
wag known to frequent.;
Seven Burglaries Cleared .
In addition to the Jorgensen
robbery, which netted him $43.69
in Cash, Anderson confessed to
burglarizing seven other Salem
business houses over a period of
several months, among' then the
Hughes & Taylor confectionery
(Continued on page 6)
Street Parade, Banquet'and
Initiation Feature Dis
trict Assembly. j
A great district meeting, repre
senting the membership contest
between the Salem and the Dallas
camps,-was held by the Woodmen
of the World lodge at; their hall
Saturday night With more than
500 members present to take part
in the evening ' program includ
ing the dinner.
A class of 65 new members
passed through the initiatory cere
monies which were put on by rep
resentatives of the state and na
tional grand lodges. Deputy Head
Councillor E. IVMartin served as
councillor commander; District
Commander F. A. - Beard was pa6t
councillor commander; Head Man
ager J. .O. Wilson , was banker;
District Manager J. O." Pate was
advisory lieutenant, and District
Manager E. O. Royal served as
king's escort.
Addresses were made by Adju
tant General George A. White, for
the governor of Oregon, who was
unable to be present; by Mayor
John B.,Giesy of Salem; by W. A.
Marshall of the state industrial
accident commission; by Secretary
of State Sam Kozer, and by Jf O.
Wilson of the state lodge. .
'An excellent literary program
was also given after the speaking.
A street parade was held In the
learly evening, and. delegates were
present from Silverton, Salem.
Dallas. Marion, Turner. Eugene,
Astoria, ;and two ramps In Port
land. Another similar meeting
is to be, held in 1 Sllvert.prif April
16, The Salem lodge no'w has, 660
members, and owns Its own build
ing; The.'order has $100,000 In-
Xested a Oregon eroocrt
POUGE SOLVE
WOODMEN GATHER
III BIG SESSION
DISASTR
StORl
DOES
OIAHA, Neb., March 17. What is ; described m dis
patches here as one of the worst blizzards in the memory of
the oldest settlers, is raging over Nebraska, and is headed
towards Omaha and Iowa. From all points of the state came
reports of loss of livestock and an increasing danger of loss
of life. Towns are isolated and ranchers who left their homes
yesterday are marooned in the towns to which they ventured.
U.S. ISSUE
Volume and Variety of .Man
ufactured Articles said xo
Rank Foremost. :
NEW YORK, March 17 In the
span of little more "than two gen
erations the United States has as
sumed the leading position among
all nations in the volume and va
riety -of its manufactured produc
tion, the number of wage earners
eneaaed - in manufacturing, the
power applied, to .processes and
value of products, tne . nauonai
conference, board says today in
an analysis' of a recent census Of
manufacturers. . 1
"From 1849 ;to 1919 the total
value of products manufactured
in the United States rose fronrjl-"
092,000,000 'to nearly sixty-two
billions and the, number of ;wage
earners employed In manufactur
ing from-967,059 to 9,096,372.In
the first twenty yearse of this
century the personnel of manu
facturing industries more , than
doubled, while the total value of
manufactured products In 1918
was approximately five and one
halfl times the total in 1899," the
report says.
Workers Increased
"An ' Increasing proportion of
the working population had been
drawn into manufacturing. Of
each thousand persons engaged in
gainful occupations in 1899 about
182 were employed in manufac
turing industries. The corres
ponding figure 20 years later was
260, representing an increase of
about 42 -per cent. In some states
the percentage gain in the num
ber of persons employed in manu
facturing relative to the total
population gainfully occupied was
much largr."
ALL IS PEACEFUL
ALONG THE RUHR
Possibility of , Outbreak Still
Exists, - Say Papers;
Mines Operated.
ESSEX, March 17. (By the
Associated Press.) The Ruhr is
calm, but the possibility of a sud
den break still exists. Although
the newspapers declare the situa
tion is more acute they do not-in-
dicate any new source of trouble.
Coal is now, being taken from
two mines by the French. One
of the mines is near Essen and,
the other Is at Bottrop. The
French have arrested several men
In Duesseldorf on the charge of
sabotage. They are accused of
tampering with the telegraph sys
tem, the penalty for which is hard
labor for life. The controversy
over responsibility for the shoot
ing of the two Frenchmen at Buer
last week is still proceeding. The
Germans have produced- witness
es who aver the assailants were
French deserters, but the French
state the bullets were from re
volvers such as 'are used by the
German security police.
ECEXE STORE ROBBED
EUGENE. Or., March. 17. Bur
glar some ' time last night stole
$1300 worth of women's wearing
apparel from R. M Golden's store
here last night. ? They entered the
store by chopping a hole In the
floor of a room above and through
the ceiling.-
LEADERSHIP
QMIB
MIME
Reports from - O'Neill, er)..
state .that ; the blizzard raging
there Is the worst since 1888.
Fine enow is -being whipped 7
a 70-mue gaie ana me snow i
drifting badly.
All the territory- east of Cas
per, Wya., is held in the grip
of the blizzard. Special efforts
aie being , made to. . reacli . ade-
quate'eover with stock trains en-
roule to Omaha, but enormous
Ices in stock Is feared.
Lashed alone " bv wind that rang
ed from 45 miles an hour speed
in, Denver to one hundred miles
an . hour In' velocity at Corona,
Coio., at, the "top of the world"
on the . continental divide, the
worst blizzard of the winter today
swept Colorado and ; the Rocky
Mountain region. Snowfall was
general throughout ' the tegion,
accompanying -rapidly descending
temperatures. .-,
One death was attributable to
thJ torm' which caused damage
estimated at hundreds of .thous
ands of dollars In Colorado. Ar
thur Gullet of Brighton, Colo.,
was killed when Tae was run down
by. a , coal ; car. at .Corona during
the height of the storm.
V'At Pueblo; fcoloVJplate glass
windows in the , downtown dis
trict were shattered by tha wind,
and fire starting during the
storm, destroyed r every building
at the Pueblo stock, yards In z "
minutes with the exception of. a
hotel.
In DDenver a number ol auto
mobiles were turned over in the
streets by the gale, but their oc
cupants escaped unhurt. Tram,
service was maintained here and
railroads reported trains operat
ing ; practically on schedule de-s-pite
the blizzard.
MEMPHIS, Tenn.. March 17.
-The human toll in tbe tornado
which swept northwest Mississ
ippi Thursday was increased to
28 tonight with the death in a
Memphis hospital of Mrs. M. H.
Rich. In lured when her home at
Savage was demolished, the re
ceipt' of belated advices from
Batesville reporting hte death
c-f five i negroes in a farm "set
tiement'near that itown and fur
ther reports of Jour" negroes
killed near Rock llill in Panola
county. . '
CHICAGO, March 17. The sec
ond blizzard within a week was
sweeping over the central western
states tonight, threatening anoth
er prostration of transportation
and telegraph and telephone lines.
The second storm which first
appeared last night in the north
ern portion of the Canadian north
west provinces, pushed rapidly
southward today over the north
ern plains states. It .was accom
panied by snow and strong north
erly winds. 1
Meanwhile the death toll of the
tornado which swept northwestern
Mississippi Thursday was increas
ed to 28.
McCollough Funeral Will
f Be Held This Afternoon
SILVERTON, Or., March 17.
(Special to The Statesman.)
Funeral services, of Russel Mc
Collough who died at the Silver
ton hospital Wednesday afternoon
from Injuries received in a port
able sawmill fabove Silverton. will
be held from the Methodist church
at Silvertan Sunday afternoon at
2:30.: Two sisters, from Canada
are expected to arrive for the fun-
farkington Play Will Be . r
Presented at Silverton
.SILVERTOJ, Or., March-17.
(Special tp The Statesman.) The
Silverton Playmakers, a high
school dramatic club, is at work
on "The Country Cousin," a play
written by Booth Tarkington. The
Playmakers have been at work
on - this play for some time and
expect te have It ready to give
some time In the early par otj
APS1 1L1--U