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About The Oregon statesman. (Salem, Or.) 1916-1980 | View Entire Issue (Feb. 22, 1923)
SECOND NEWS SECTION t , Slogan Pages cnd General News SALEM, OREGON, THURSDAY MORNING; FEBRUARY 22, 1923 PRICE 5 CENTS A BALANCED FERTILIZER FOR PRUNE TREES ID L06HK IS T 'it Careful Study and Much Correspondence With High Au ; thorities Has Resulted in Directions Which Gideon Stoltz Proposes to Follow in His Own Orchards and 1 : Vineyards, and He Gives the Information for the i Benefit. 6f. Ail Who Are Engaged in These Important f Basic Industries. A llalanced, Fertilizer for Prune , . ' ' Trees and Ixanberries. Editor Statesman : ; ; j : . : Way not have prune andrberry growers adopt I the above hpdlng as a slogan for the next flvef years and solve some of tb uncertain experiments that are peing made by growersrmany of whteh are more or less failures and jtf suc cessful along some lines are kept under cover as a personal secret? i This idea has been growing' on iW .for some months and became io strong that I set myself at w8rk to find out what I could, first for ?my on use and guidance. 1 Later I took a broader view of starting such a move on a broad and open base that . all who.. 1 wished , c6uld participate. -iJy puj.ung waai, in formation I have gathered before the; prune ."and ' loganberry - grow ers thus early, we, might nave a .real effort put, forth for the 1923 " crops that -.would gVre us some thing to check up, on and .better the .proportions If we can for 1924. . , ' ,. i ' My good wife and Lroade six weeks trip' to, California, durlnfs . ' last November - and December. Starting from San Francisco south to the border line; I made some I very close observations along , many lines,, and I will. tVfr. Acre -, briefly to what I could see of the V fruit grower's problem, and to draw, some encouraging compari sons for the Willamette valley It is true that their problems differ, from, ours,-and, as I . saw -them, . are vastly more difficult to overcome, yet they meet them, and make the growing of prunes, or anges, wainus and other fruits a great success. , It . simply takes morr capital and nerve to put it over, t- did not say more brains, ror i am iuuy persuauea mai me fetter Tnig wag my, jtter ureguu nuu bbiiiubiuu (theM answer: are tne equal or an comers en ally so It can take care of a wide spread and at the same time have better and larger fruit 7 A balanc ed ration for a hen does hot call for clipping of wings or plucking -its feathers. Now for fear I may get this too long, I will Come to what I have to offer. In my search Tor a basl3to of fer the growers to begin their ex periments, I consulted with some of the men offering fertilizer and I found some who could tell me what the tree, the stem, the pit, and the prune itself needed. In consulting my friend, Mr. Harley White of D. A. White & Sons, Sa lem, I found him possessed of more than ordinary store of knowledge, and together we. made up what seemed, to be-a balanced fertilizer. This I submitted to' the Oregon . Agricultural College by and V I Tub luSSr . ; STIFFS fflf St. Jacob's Oil stops any pain, so . when your back '. is sore and lame, or lumbagepclatica; j or rheumatism has you stiffened up, ' don't suffer!- Get. a small trial k bottle of old, honest St. Jacobs Oil at any drug , store, pour a little in your hand, and rub it right on your aching .back; and ; by 'the time you count fifty the soreness end lameness la gone.' . Don't ; stay . crippled! This soothing, penetrating oil needs to. tf used only. once.. It .takes 4 thO pain right out .and ends the misery, It Is magical, . yet abso t lutely harmless, and doesn't burn the. skin.; . , . . - -,-: A Nothing i else ; stops . lumbago, sciatica,; backache or rheumatism so promptly.' . It never dlsap- ppints. Adv.: ..... -. ; - gaged In this line! of pursuit. Yet, there seems, a difference in men and women, or, putting it more properly, a difference In the? and our method. ..-. First the bare land that is suit able for. prunes In California has from three to four times .more value than as good if not .better land here. Then when you get down tnto the orange and walnut district, it Is from five to ten times the value of our prune and berry land. These values carry, wh n them the water rights installed, yet no real ownership In the water. This water is . paid for in '. quantity used, and ; 1 was told by many in different sections that the cost amounted to .something like one hundred to as high is two hundred dollars an acre per year, and a farther fact, without this water neither tree nor fruit would live over one season, j Then, consider that these men spend from, noth ing to two hundred dollars an acre for, fertilizer on the best orange groves. ; So we find this as the outstanding fact, that the Califor nia ' prune and ! organe grower must purchase the amount of wa ter necessary to bring his o reheard up to bearing, and then grow his crop yearly. This, no doubt, var ies according to the nature of the soil and the distance water must be brought. i Here Is an Important point. Ir rigation takes a, portion of the fer tility from the ? soil every time used, and unless the land is' care fully and Intelligently fertilized everjr year, their large Investment per acre would, not pay evens with plenty of water, f So, my Oregon and Washington grower, with this picture before you, can you do less than to one and all begin to exper iment and spend a few hundred dollars each year until you know what a balanced fertilizer will do far your special lay of 'land and your prunes and loganberries? We have fully developed a balanced ration for our dairy herds, otfr chickens, bogs, and! horses, so why not a balanced ration for f hat beautiful prune tree of ours? Some years ago the word went out among the hill orchard men to prune heavy for sizes, as to get a larger prune(the tree must have less wood, less beating surface. This, may be correct, yet I have my doubts on -this. Many men pru ue so" closely; that they have small returns. and some years are still troubled with small . prunes. Why. not. feed the tree, more iiber- Ijetter So. 1. Salem, Or., Jan. 19, 1923.; Professor A. B. Cordley, secretary.- State Lrime Board, CorvalHs. Or Dear Sir.: I am. interesting my self in formulating proper propor tions for artificial fertilizer for prunes.. After consulting with growers who have done some exf perimenting and dealers of the different articles offered in the market, I have made a proportion that is intended to support pit growth, aid tree and prune growth, and take care of sugar de velopment. Mixture: 2 tons superphosphate. 1 ton nitrate of soda. 4 ton potash. ' ' When thoroughly mixed, give each tree four to five1 pounds. , l am submitting this to you and will ask you to give it your con sideration and be free to correct if the proportions are out of balance. An early answer Is desired, as February is near and we wish to use some such formula. i I will ask you to give me a mixture ror loganberries, as the use 'of nitrate of .soda straight has not proven suffi cient. Nitrate makes growth of vine and berries, yet tha berries are soft. Would this be a good mixture for J loganberries? Re spectfully yours, :.' Gideon Stolz. lis, Oregon Dear sit: - Your let ter of January 24th at hand and I greatly appreciate your careful analysis of my letter to Professor Cordley and the spirit you met my inquiries. The proportions you have sub mitted seem very attractive to mo and I am sure they will receive a number of tests for this year's growing crops. 1 will ask you to give me the proportions in pounds thtr you would recommend for each prune tree. 1 would rather treat this as so much to a tree than so much per acre as it gives the average prune grower a bet ter opportunity,, to figure the cost. T.'ien there is another reason why it thould be treated on this basis. The plantings in Oregon vary from 18 to 25 feet, hence, some have more trees to the acre than others and for that reason we should treat It by so much per tree. In the loganberries. ; how ever, you might designate your proportions per acre as the condi tions are different. " I feel very enthusiastic In try' Irig to work out a properly bal anced fertilizer both for logan berries find for prunes as I Can see the future of our crops is go ing to depend, upon whether. we keep up our soils. Of course I recognize the Tact that artificial fertilizer alone Is not a safe course to follow, that it would be neces sary for the fruit and berry grow er, to resort to others fertilizers they can get bold of and the grow ing of cover crops in order to keep up their land. This in ad dition to artificial fertilizer will enable them to grow larger fruit and more of it per acre. I plan as soon as I can gej. full data on priees of fertilizer to give the entire subject matter to, the press and shall' ask the privilege of using your letters for that pur pose. Thanking you again for your courtesy, I am respectfully yours, Gideon Stolz. Lirer No. -I. Oregon i Agricultural College, THE FIT GROWER CI SECURE 1 DOUBLE PROFIT. SAYS OAC EXPERT The Pollination of Fruit Trees Is an Important Considera tion, and It Has Many Times Been Shown That In sects Furnish the Most Important Means of Distrib uting Pollen Acreage of Alsike Cloyer Should Be Increased. t Alclioini ; Sale SATURDAY, 1 P. M. ; A Bi Lot bf Gobds for Saturday Selling 1 overstuffed davenport, 3' rockers, 1 library s table, 5 room sized rugs, 1 book case, 3 stand ' tables, 4 pictures, 1 Morris chair, 3 exten sion tables, 2 sets diners, 1 organ, 1 buffet, 1 sewing, table, 3 headers, S Ckngoleum rugs, 2 ranges, 2 magazine racks, 2 kitchen cab- inetsj 3 kitchen tables, several remnants linoleum 5 iron beds, 5 sanitary ; springs, 2 coil springs, 4 , mattresses, 2 dressers, 3 .commodes, 2 , cots, 3 bedroom . rug3, : wash bowls and pitchers, 2 clocks, dishes, utensils, tools, musical instruments, 1 settee, baby carriage and thousahds of articles too nirm- ;A erous to mention. v yE : '-, : v.. . ; . AUCTIONEER'S NOTELoding House i proprietors, hotel keepers, logging camps, and new comers, will find these sales an economical way jto purchase furniture. Don't miss one.- New furniture as well as used. STIFFS AUCTION HOUSE ' Court and Liberty F.N.WOODRY '' :" ' Auctioneer J r;i Letter So. 2. Oregon ; ' Agricultural, College, Scftoot of Agriculture and Exoeri- ment StatioA, Corrall is, 'January K 24; 4923. ; - : r f - ?v ;:'i Mr. Gldeen StQlr, Salem. Ore- gon.i Dear Sir:- Your letter j of recent date to A. B. Cordley nas been received ind referred to the chemistry department of the Ex"-' perl meftt Station for reply. In choosing an ideal fertilizer ; or compounding a certain kind of a fertilizer it is necessary to take into consideration climatic condi tions; type of soil and its reac tions, and the crops to be grown. In general soils of the Willamette valley are comparatively high In potash, low In phosphoric acid, and moro. or less acid, depending upon whether It is hill soil ; or Willamette valley bottom soil. Necessarily opinion will differ re garding plant foods that should be used in various fertilizers, but the .final test is observations of results obtained In the fields that have, been fertilised. Without knowing definitely regarding the soil that you desire to fertilize,, it is, my. opinon that for a general fertlizer, I would substitute Ihe following for the mixture sug gested by you.: Superphosphate, 18 total phosphoric acid 2 tons. Nitrate of soda, 1D total nitrogen ton. j Tankage. 4 total nitrogen ton. , . s :- Potash, 50 potassium oxide ton. v . , .i I suggest the above combina tion taking into consideration that the soil is fairly .high in potash and consequently it is unnecessary to add an excess of this plant food. I suggest that part of the nitro gen should, be In the organic form since a great need of the soils in the Willamette 'valley, especially for certain crops, is the incorpor ation of organic matter or humus which will be augmented when the tankage is, used. Nitrogen in ni trate of soda is immediately avail able and when present in too large quantities causes excess . green growth and tends to produce e poor quality of fruit. The same formula suggested by me may be used advantageously for." loganberries, although it might be preferable to substitute one-fourth ton of nitrate for Che one-half ton and substitute three- fourths ton of tankage for the half ton In the above formula. These amounts should take care of the nitrogen supply, the nitrate of soda providing nitrogen for the early season's growth while the tankage which slowly changes into the available nitrogen' form is taken up later by the plants. If I can be of further assistance to you In this matter kindly advise rue. Very truly yours, v It. H. Robinson Oregon Experiment Station.' School of Agriculture and Experi ment Station, CorvalHs, January 29, 1923. Mr. Gideon Stolz, Gideon Stolz Co., Salem, Oregon. Dear Sir: Your letter of recent date at hand. In answer to your inquiries rel ative to the amount of fertilizer that each prune tree should re ceive and the time of application, will say that they vary with the age of the tree and climatic con ditions. In order to make the matter as clear as possible to you have requested that the horti cultural department send you theii- latest bulletin describing how much a tree should, receive depending upon its age. There of course enters Into the question J the type of soil and its previous manurial history. If the Soil is fairly rich and has been fertilized the, previous year It will of course not. take as .much fertilizer as another type that had received no fertilizer treatment. In this bulle tin I (believe that you will find satisfactory answers . to your in quiries. If not, I will be pleased to ofer what furfer assistance I can in the matter. Very truly yours, R. H. Robinson. ("Beekeeping for the Oregon Farmer" is the title of Ey tension Bulletin 282 of the Oregon Agri cultural college extension service. Jt is Jby A. L. Lovett, professor of, entomology, and it is dated November, 191 Following are a few brief excerpts:) NO FARMER SHOULD BE WITHOUT A FEW STANDS OF IiEES; for with' proper care and manipulation) enough honey for home consumption can be secur ed from one or two colonies. A frouit: grower can secure a DOUBLE. PROFIT from his bees in the honey and wax . obtained and - in the added value given his fruit through cross-pol 11 na tion. The pollination of fruit trees Is an important consider ation in the west; it has many times been shown thati insects furnish the most important means .: of distributing pollen to self-sterile, plants, and that of these the honey be is probably the most r important. : Thought it is probably the exceptional sea eon when honey bees are of rorich service in pollinizing red cWver, many 'other j field crops are benefited. As the acreage of alsike clover increases there will be a real-field for the, bees, both for pollination and for the collection of fair excess of ex cellent honey. Honey is a pro duct which occurs .in nature in the shape of nectar in the flow ers of plants, and is made avail uie . lor our use ony tnrougn the aid of bees. Wax, a second ary consideration, Is a product of the bees . themselves and is produced from glands within the Letter No. 3. . Saletm Ore.. January 27. 1923 "i Professor R. II. Robinson, Ore- Eon Agricultural CollegOj Conrai The bulletin referred to in Pro fessor R. , H. Robinson's letter of January 29th. is a 48-page bulle tin by Professor C' I. Lewis and others and treats on apples only, so I would suggest that different amounts ie usea per tree, say fr6m three to five pounds accord ing to size of trees, and on logan berries from 150 to 200 pounds per acre. A valuable contribution came unsolicited from Mr. George II Gill' of the field department of King's Food Products Company of The Dalles, Oregon. body! of. the worker bee. "Until . a few years ago com mercial beekeeping was consider ed generally unprofitable in the Willamette valley and coast dis tricts because of excessive spring rains. A few men here and there .were succeeding, but many were hardly holding their own. Due principally to new honey plants, but partly to improved methods in handling the bees, this 'condition is rapidly , chang ing aid, particularly in jLhe Wil lametfe valley, the average yields,' considered for a! period of years, will exceed those of ANY; REGION EXCEPT SOUTH ERN OREGON. Improved meth ods of handling will improve the conditions in the coast re gion : as 'Oil. Honey plants are plentiful, ..Including maple, vetch, fireweed, ; French : pink, alsike closer and white clover. The development of special manipula tions to get the bees in 'condi tion I to j harvest the maximum yieias irom tne numerous nec tar flowers will transform these questionable districts into profit able; apiary sections. ' i IfoiK(y As Food Honey is a most delicious. wholesome and nutritious food It shouldcease to -be regarded as a delicacy and become a staple article of diet. It is more readily assimilated than ; sugar and ;can be substituted for sugar in cookery and on the table. Excellent recipes for its use may be obtained by writing to the Oregon -Agricultural college, or sending to the United States de partment pit Agriculture for Farmers' Bulletin 653; ; and a relatively 'small" per cent of phosphoric acid and potash. So, where this manure is pplied to the loganberries, it should 'be sup plemented or added to by commer cial -brands, of superphosphate and potash. , In the purchase of commercial brands of fertilizers, it always pays to buy a high grade fertilizer. All the commercial brands of fert tilizers contain what is known as a filler, which is usually sand. All low grades, W cheap fertilizers, contain, more of this filler than the high grades, audi as consider able freight and handling charges pile up on' fertilizers in their dis tributlon.froni the manufacturer to the distributor, and from the distributor to you. In the end you pay for this freight. So we find that the high grade fertilizers. even though the first price is con siderably higher than the low grades, are the most economical to. .use.; If there any points above which w have' failed to maKe clear to you. Please advise and. we will be glad to go into further detail -"Yours very truly. King's Food Products Co. Geo, II. GUI, Field Department: Letter No.. Or Salem,. Ore. February 8. 1923. King's Food Products Company, The Dalles, Oregon. Gentlemen -I am greatly , indebted to your Mr. George H. Gill for his valu able letter of February' 2nd. consider It-very much to the point and shall use it in an article that I will give to the press in a very short time as I consider it infor mation that Is well worth while to give to berry And prune grow ers. ' , - . ' ' -,". - There is one point that I would ' like Mr. Gill to advise me on. ( Whether In the preparation of. artificial fertiliser, dehydrated lime could be mixed and distrib uted, with one expense and what proportions of dehydrated lime , one. should use either for berries or" prunes? From the Informa tion I have collected. 150 to 200 pounds of artificial fertilizer should be used to the acre .for loganberries: and from three to live pounds to each prune tree ac cording t the age and 'condition of the soil. Will you kindly ad- vfao ma whattiAr this A nrnDflT portion to be used.say once .every5 other year or would you advise It used every year? : 1 ' . I might further state that I am not getting - this information -for ; my, own use alone but I intend to give it to the prune and berry growers of this valley through the press, for. I deem it high time-we should have information so $ we can treat our prune trees and ier ry fields with a balanced fertiliz er -the same as the dairy and chicken .men have information how to treat their stock and poul try with a balanced ration. Why not a balanced ration for our prune trees and berries? Again thanking you for you i r-in it-', ( Continued, on page 4) , IxHter No. 5. King's Food Products Company. Dehydrated Fruits and Vegetables,! The Dalles Jlant, The Dalles. Ore gon. February 2, 1923. air. uiaeon stolz. Court Street. Salem, Oregon. Mr. Fred Kurtz informed jme that at a recent meeting of loganberry growers at Liberty, the discussion of fertili zers was taken up in their rela tion to the jloganberry, and Mr. Kurtz stated that you asked for information Sregarding the partic ular fertilizer which would have a tendency to firm up. your logan berries and offset the soft mushy condition of the berries that ore- vails in someof jhe fields around Salem. I started to explain this to Mr. Kurtz but he requested me to write .direct to you. Before taking up the subject of fertilizers, ybu should understand something pf soil composition, something of the growth and de velopment of plants, and have a clear understanding of the -part played in the growth and develop ment of the plant by each of the principal parts of a complete fer tilizer., A complele fertilizer as spoken of in this article is any commer cial, brand containing nitrate of soda., superphosphate, and potash. analysis is stated as 2-10-2. this would meau that It contained 2 per cent nitrate of soda, or nitrogen, 10. per cent superphosphate and 2 Where the containing. per cent potash, and no matter in what proportion the analysis may be stated, they are always named in that way, or in that order, x Soil . Is composed of two things r-4ecayed vegetable and animal matter known as organic com pound, and mineral known as in organic compound. The base of all; soils is the inorganic' matter. For purposes of illustration,, let us mentally magnify a cubic inch of soliseveral million times. It would: then , appear to be a large nrass of rocks varying In size from a kernel of wheat to rocks sev eral feet in diameter. These rocks would appear to have a film of! water covering their surfaces. These rocks, or mineral deposits of the soil, contain nine plant foods, chief of which, are the phosphate and potash. Every year the soil water dissolves off a thin surface layer from each particle. Plants appropriate this water and thus secure mineral plant food. Now, let us carry this mental picture further. Scattered amongst these rocks we find par ticles of decayed vegetation in organic matter. These you will find to be full of water and might properly i be- termed "sponges 6f the soil.", ; Thus we find in a plowed; field where a straw stack has stood that it is more moist than the surrounding ground. Now, supporse the plant were growing On this bit of magnified soil, we would see first the main heavy roots and from these the lateral roots, then from the tips of the lateral roots we will see thusands of small fibrous or hairy roots. These are, known as the feeding roots. These small roots do not feed from the end of the root as is generally supposed, but feed by absorbing the soil water through their side walls. The soil water is absorbed Into these roots and carried on up through the plant, the food value being absorbed by the plant and the moisture evaporated through small holes la its' leaves. Thus we see that plant food values must be in solution in the soil water before the plant can make use of them. 1 To get the best results from the application of a commercial brand of fertilizer ,we must maintain the amount of organic matter in the soil through the turning under of cover crops.s straw, manure, etc., and by good cultivation keep up a good -moisture content in the soil. In the following description of tne different fertilizers,, or plant foods as they might properly be termed, I have made an effort to make ; them sufficiently clear as to the part 'they play in plant growth bo that you may by study oZ them and by study of your loganberries, both the vines and the fruit, be able to draw a fairly good conclusion as to what partic ular plant food your soil is.defi-J cient in. - j . Nitrate of Soda contains four teen to fifteen per cent of soluble nitrogen. This is the principal element in plant nutrition. Its function is to build up the veg etable part of the plant. There fore If too much nitrate is applied it forces a large luxurious sappy growth. The fruit will be delayed fh ripening and will be soft mushy berries of poor flavor. superphosphate contains six teen to seventeen per cent of. solu ble or available phosphoric acid. This J plant -food has the function of causing fruitfulness. Its action promotes the formation of flowers andj seeds while , nitrogen . delays the process of ripening and. phos phate. has a tendency to hasten it So where' vines are gross - and sappy an application of available superphosphate will do much to correct this tendency and restore the. balance. - Potash usually runs 30 per cent pure. Potash plays an Important part in the structure of plants. Nitrogen promotes, the growth of leaves but with this element alone they would lack substance. Potash adds strength, assists I? forming the j fibre of the plant, makes sound fruit-bearing wood, etc. Potash, forms the base of fruit acids and flavors and is. active in the formation of starch and sugar; while, superphosphate is active in forming the seed; potash appears to be responsible for forming the pulp of the fruit. I: believe that this will give you a clear idea of the part played by each of the different fertilizers in plant growth, but I do not believe that arty article dealing on fertili zers for-your soil would be com plete unless lime was. also in cluded. As the organic or vege table matter mentioned above de cays iu the soil, it throws off an acm wntcn is detrimental and poisonous to most plant growths. Where an application of lime is made this, counteracts the acid contents in the soil "and makes them sweei. Since the plant growth can develop and do best on ia non-acid soil. It is reason able to presume that lime would be good to apply as a base to any commercial fertilizers used. Lime alsp has a tendency to break down the mineral deposits in Ihe soil and make them available to the plant. ( V . In applying fertilizer- to your loganberries, and or course this applies to any sort of berres or tree fruit, do not apply it as a surface dressing' but plow or cul tivate it into, the ground.- Sur face dressfngs of fertilizers have a tendency to cause the feeding roots of the plant to work near the surface and as summer ad vances the ground ' dries below them causing them to die, which will have a more injurious effect on the pant than the good do rived from your; application of fer tilizer. ' A good many farmers ca the belief that farm manure is a com ptcto fertilizer,-that is. that the plant food in it are about equal ly distributed. Analyses however show this to be untrue; that there Is a "heavy per cent of nitrogen .fij Into a steel-lined pit, like a huge, inverted bell with uprisht clapper, crash six tons of lime stone and shale from a dump car. The long process of crushing and grinding necessary in cement making begins. 1 Slowly, steadily, the great clap per of the gyratory crusher travels a circular path crunches . the. huge chunks of stone to inch-and a-half fragments. ' i 1 1 The fragments pout out below on their way to the grinding mills. j In the first mill, a hundred hinged hammers poiirxi and crush the rock to particles the size of sand. y.-V w;.--. - '-. Mext, the materials go to the tube mill a cylinder as big as a locomotive boiler, half filled with steel balls. As it revolves, it lifts the charge of steel and rock and tumbles it down again and again. An hour ol this yields a powder finer than flour. : ; .. . , , -All this is only part of the grinding required. nTha powder .. is burned to glass-hard clinker .and. then the grinding process starts all over agam. A jaw crusher cracks the clinker; balls hammer it to the fineness of sand. - ' ----- . ' - And again, for an hour, the mass tumbles about in another tube mill,, grinding and rubbing together clinker, steel balls and - gypsum. Then you have cement. To meet standard specifica ions, 78 per cent of the finished cement must pass through a sieve having forty thousand holes per square inch, which is finer than the finest silk. v To obtain a ton of finished ce . ment, a cement plant grinds to this fineness, two tons, of raw ma terials, including coal, and a ton of glass-hard clinker three tons altogether to make one ton of Portland i cement. Crushing, grind ing and pulver izing are among the more than eighty operations in cement making: PORTLAND CEMENT ASSOCIATION c pA National Orzanizetion to Improve and Extend the Uses of Concrete Chreaf Dm IixiKO1Mtis lUoMaCint Lh Anede PHu itiur S riwrlir, -Mtl-wW Phitotklp NOrtMM PortUJ.O. V.ocw,B.C. Nr York , Sals Uk Cftr Wht.D.C - - , s