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About The Oregon statesman. (Salem, Or.) 1916-1980 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 5, 1923)
;yy y y. ---. X;.-"'"-5'- s v.- ' - y'yy.;": r If . CIBCULATIOH - 8und7 only ........ .. 5821 ; Daily Sunday :....&4ti$ Arenr lr iK months euding Xovmb4 - SO, 1923: i "-' ' SuodaV only -.5827 IN THX CITY O SALEU sod Jawlier in : a Mftrioa and Folk CoaniiM -- Newly Tarybody rudi The Oregon Statesman THB BOMB NEWSPAPER 0m Thkihv and Wunday 5464 ; SALEM, OREGON, FRIDAY MORNING JANUARY 5.C1923 PRICE: FIVE CC1ITD tr :i.-v ". ; ri.' - r ." i "s. U ' x ' 1 1 ' 111 -u AT i. k A ( : A., I iflFEREIE ! OF PREMIERS !yf. T Meeting Breaks up When i 1 France, Italy and Belgium : Line up Against England Poincare Sober. COOPERATION STILL POSSIBLE IN EAST Alliance for Which . Millions Fought in Flanders Fields is Now Disrupted; a 1 1, PARIS, Jan 4. (By the Asso ciated Press) The alliance be tween France. Great Britain. Italy and Belgium fell apart today over the treatment of German repara tions. . The Latin powers, France, Italy and Belgium .remain loosely grouped together on that subject; while England, : although separ ating from them, expects to co operate, especially with France, on the other questions. End is Friendly The conference of the premiers, which . has beeniv In proress here since January ' 2. ended with friendly words." Premier Muss.ol inl turned, the scale decisively against the. British plan. The . Italian delegates i had reserved their final declaration until today and this morning it appeared that they were Inclined to support Mr. : Bonar Law's proposal- with slight modifications. A telegram, re ceived from Rome Just before the conference-- opened . ; Instructed them to vote Tor the French plan as against the British la case they should find Ituseless to push ..their own plan. This strength ! ned Fraa.ce and . Belgium, and I Great Britain stood alone. ' - . . . - - . ' f . Poincare Not Elated i- ; - - j : ":" :. . : - . II. Poincare Is not elated to ' night over his success; he Is de- ; scribed as , in a sober mood, eon ' scious of great, anxieties " and dif ficulties ahead. He will proceed . warily and will: report ltd the French parliament on Its reas: sembllnK next Thursday. In the meantime the . raparations .com mission will-meet on "Tuesday to pass upon coal deliveries and also unon Germany's request for. a moratorium. . - -. -r The Ftencljt will await the. ic Hon of th commission before put ting their plan into execution. ; '-The final quarter hour, of the conference war marked by - great courtesy,: each of J the delegates seemed concerned "that" nothing In manner or In word should detract from 'the gravity of the. moment. Hope for Lausanne There are various Indications of sadness on the pajt of -the prem- ' lers and k ambassadors over the dissolution of the alliance which carried the countries through the war up to this time in -dealing xwtth what, have been found to be unsolvable problems of -peace., ai . lusions were made privately to the contrast between this situa tion and the great and whole hearted enthusiasm during ' the war. The . melancholy thought was expressed that the alliance for which millions lie, dead In Flanders, fields and "'northern France, hould now disappear in contentions so remote from, the moral enthusiasm Inspired by the armies. - ' '- i The British "see In the friendly manner in which, the conference "broke up and the mutual expres sions of good will a eign that M Poincare has no Intention for the present of departing from a policy of cooperation at Lausanne re garding the Near East. The Brit Uh delegates were aarlous yester day ver this aepect of the situa tion, being apprehensive that the French might withdraw their sup- Fort. .. . t , . ! . THE VEATHER OREGON: Friday rain. LOCAL WEATHER i (Thursday) ; j Temperature, maximum, 45. Temperature minimum, ' 4 0. tiver, 14.5 jfeet above normal level. Falling, . -"i!nrall, .67 inch. ." i?'.: Atmosphere,, cloudy, . i- ' T. nd, southwest. r IS A PAR REPRESENTATIVE TURNOUT' : OF CITIZENS IS . bESlRED '" AT OWSLEY DINNER TODAY i Even more than the serving of the American Legion as a present executive, is the underlying plan of the pres ent visitation of National Commander Alvin M. Owsley, to important Legion camps all over the nation. To put over officially the Legion's message of patriotism, of ser vice, of ; clean, jhelpf ul Americanism i3 , what Commander' Owsley is aiming to do on a nation-wide scale. ! , f He is to be in Salem today, and a' plate dinner is be ing served at The Marion in his honor. It is the earnest hope of the Legion officers that the big dining room be packed. with representative men of Salem to hear the mes sage that Commander Owsley brings. The tickets may be had at the hotel, or upon application to Millar McGilchrist, Brazier Small,! or others of the local legion officers. i The dinner is to be served promptly at 12:30. i 0. S. SAILOR DIES WEALTHY Millions Worth of Smuggled Russian Jewels Said Bur ied in Man's Grave CICAGO, iJan. 4. Four or five million dollars - worth of' crown Jewels of the Russitn caara lies burled In the v grave of James Jones, j an American seaman,. In the national cemetery at Cypress Hills,, Brooklyn, according o a Copyrighted story published to day by the Chicago Daily News. 1 Jewels Smuggled The jewels, the News says. were smuggled Into the country by a band of New York men who obtained . them In Vladivostok In 1920. Enroute to America one of the, conspirators, the story says decided to double-cross his fel lows, jmd, hid the' jewels, In seven packages, in the lining of the cof fin of Jenes,; a mess ' man who had died ' aboard I the . ship. - The body was burled, !the story says, before he had a chance to recover the' packets, and as the cemetery 1 is under guard of sol diers, they -are presumably hid den in the grave. : Tire News Bays William B.j Wil liams, of the New York office of the, department , of , Justice and customs officials will ask Judge Hand for an j order to open the grave , A - i.;f-:;.: t Federal t of f icials, the story con tinues, have been working -on the case for two years. They eventu ally unearthed records which fit ted in with . anonymous tips re ceived rby the .s department , and by the former imperial Russian ambassador telling - of : the smug gling plot. .', i . j :. r- ' These records show that the shipping board steamer EdellUon at that time In i the army trans port service, sailed from New York January , 17, 1920, and reached Vladivostok May 29, leav ing June 1 for New York by way of . Gibraltar. A j short distance out of Gibraltar the seaman, Jones, died on board .and" his body was embalmed and brought to ' thfe untry. eventually being buried September, 23( 1920, , in the Brooklyn cemetery.' All these details correspond to the infor mation in the anonymous letters, which purported to come from two ' members of the band who were double-crossed. WBEtHGH STATE OF HI Breakdown of Premier Con - ference Believed Hope-' V Raiser, for Turkey LAUSANNE. Jna. 4. ( By The Associated Press.) The news that. the lnter-allied , reparations conference In Paris had adjourn ed without an i agreement being arrived at created a sensation among delegates to the Near East conference, where the dip lomats of all countries, nave oeen awaiting the results of the de liberations between the premiers. There was a high state of ten sion among the delegates tonight as they discussed in groups " the effects of j the 1 breakdown. The unanimous opinion expressed in allied circles or the ; Turks, ; wlio would seek to profit by tne iian cfed division ol the Trench and 1 HUGHES PLAN GAMS GRQUN 4i Dissolution of ; Paris Confer j ence Brings Plan of Sec- retary to the Front 1 WASHINGTON, Jan. 4. (By the ! Associated Press.) The dis solution s in Paris of the , confer ence of jallied leaders was regard ed here! as bringing the repara tions crisis measurably . near the point touched upon by Secretary Hughes : in his rcent New Haven speech,! "But although the 'allied statesmen have failed ' to agree among f themselves, ; ther-3 , stilt stands before them 'an alterna tive . to attempted forcible collec tion, in Germany, pointed out by Mr. Hughes. ' v I Several Doors Open : There was no word i available in, official quarters today to In dicate that any furtbwr initiative was to be expected ' at this time from the ; Washington govern ment. The only authorised com ment on the situation was a state ment at the state ' department that Mr. Hughes suggestion was put forward to "leave several doors open" to the premiers in event of an emergency. Presumably word will come from Paris if the French govern ment sees hope in the; American suggestion, that not alono the question of the amount Germany can pajr, but also the method of payment, be referred to advisory recommendations to an interna tional. i commission of financial authorities .unhampered by po litical I cjoncerns or obligations. Mr, Hughes already has Indlcat ed that; American financiers may Berve on such a commission, wun the sanction of! the- government II they -were invited. :l John Krause Hangs Self and - Then Fires . Bullet 1 Into Head John Krause, a 74-year .old re tired laborer, committed suicide yesterday at his home near. Ger- vais. j'The .body was, found , at 11 o'clock in the morning ty;nis wife n '& shack a short - distance from his home. It. was said he had been.; dead about two hours When found the body was hanging by a rope looped around his aeck and; had a bullet hole iu his head.' Krause is surrlved b his wife, and three children Ed. , John and I Helen, lt. .was thought that he had become des nondeht. ...,.., i vFuneral arrangements will be made later. . GElblAN COSTS INCREASE. r. BERLIN, Jan. j 4. Coat of liv ing in Germany ! Increased 53.6 per cent In December. The aver age ' of prices being 685 dmes as great as those charged before the war, according to figures publish ed today. . i ' ' ASTOR GOES ABROAD - PLYMOUTH, Jan. 4. I-ady Astor jj has been,; ordered by I her physicians to tae, )a ctomplote rest, .-with,, a : ;change . at . scenery, and is. planning to o abroad for a month. f recuperate. - foSilSci O N HEARING - . x - - a on kidnaping case Begins Final Preparations Complet ed by State Will En i deavor to Indict Men Be ; lieved Responsible, j MARTIAL LAW PUT I ! OFF FOR TIME BEING Mer Rouge Citizens Arm Selves Hostile Feeling j1 Seen Between Groups , f BASTROP, La., Jan. 4 .The 'open bearing" in the Moreiiouae kidnapping1 and murder cases be gins at the parish court house tomorrow morning 'at 10 o'clock. ' Final preparations were com pleted by the state today - in the proceedings by which an effort will be made to indicate those persons believed , responsible foi1 tec masked and robed- mob ac tion on August 24 when two of five men kidnapped were killed and their bodice cast, Into a lake. ., . ! . Firearms ; Discharged j ; One prisoner will face the bar at tomorrow's hearing unless the state sets Into ; motion its drag; net to scoop up 35 or 40 men who the authorities believe were members of the mob. 1 . Adjutant ' General Tooms failed today to promulgate the martial law order he was '' said to have in his possession. He desired to put off such action as lone as possible, he said.. However, It .was known the slisthtest .dis play of ifirearms . would be. met with a military order. Firearms are prevalent In both Mer Rouge and Bastrop In un precedented ; quantities. Mer Rouge citizens in nartlcular are known to have ' armed themselves due to the strained feelings be tween the hostile factions. Those entering the court house tomorrow will ' be searched for firearms, it was learned. The court' house , will be protected by two companies of state troops now encamped on, the court huse and jail grounds. f 1 Cavalry Moved j A squadron of state cavalry today was moved (from I Mer Rouge to Bastrop leaving the re mainder of the troops at Mer Rouge where ' a company., of In fantry is; encamped. .The mount ed coldiers : are expected to be used in serving subpoenas , and making arrests, j 'r The ; condition of, the roads required the usage of Buch troops, it was stated. ; Attorney, General A. VJ. Coco arrived here today and .was in conference with his assistants. He announced that Howard War ren, state '...senator. -.of. Shrieves port, had been, employed j as a special prosecutor to (fill the va cancy created by the sudden res ignation of St. Clair Adams of New Orleans last night, f The attorney general also will be as sisted by T. Semmes Walmsley, Georgd S. Guion . and Paul A. Sampayrae, assistant attorneys general.' .?, ..i. ... -..-. ' Subpoenas Many !; Wholesale subpoenas . were ' in preparation today for the sum moning of. witnesses for the hear ing. In addition to those sum moned, all persons are permitted to enter .the court, of Justice and ask : to be . permitted T to j testify. It was believed there w ill be n:ore than 100 wttnessesj The witnesses will ba ; sworn , and. ex amined by . tho district attorney, but not cross 1 examined and' the testimony taken down In shorthand.- The hearing 'will be be fore the district judge. At the conclusion, ,the state, if it thinks the - evidence justifies, will . ask fcr a grand jury to return in dictments. . -.r -r.--V' '.. ' : ; ,T. J. Burnett, former deputy sheriff, flanked by some of Lou isiana's finest legal talent will meet . the charge against him Tor murder with an effort to' prove an alibi. He was to prove he was, working at the Southern Carbon plant . at the : time the kidnapping occured. . McKoln On Way Back The timekeeper by whom he was to prove this, however, was (Continued on pace 7) LEGION HEAD, I DRAWS MANY IN EUGENE Thousand People Greet Alvin Owsley, .National Conv ' mander Banquet Given j 7 " ,. j EUGENE, Or.. Jan. 4. More than a thousand people greeted Alvin Owsley, national command er of the American Legion, when he spoke at ) the Eugene armory tonight. The commander arrived bfcre at 4:30 this afternoon from California . and ; was greeted by George Wilbur, state commander, Harry Nelson, state adjutant, and other prominent legionaires ot of the state. He was tendered a batiquet prior to his address at the armory. Owsley will leave tomorrow . morning for Salem, where he will deliver an address and then go to Portland. , WHI Hay's Hand -Picked Commission Believes Pub lic is Against Films NEW YORK, ; Jan. 4. The committee on public relations picked by .Will . Hays from the leading religious and civic or ganizations of the country to aid him in elevating the motion pic ture industry, today adopted j a resolution urging him to advise producers' ! against - releasing any films in which Roscoe C. "Fatty" Arbuckle has apart. ' -.The text of the resolution, show that -Mr. Hays had won a major ity of the I committee 1 ' members over- to his view that Arbuckle should be given his chance to "make good," somewhere In the industry; But the majority in sisted It should ; not be on , the screeni where Arbuckle waal a comedy star before his indictment and acquittal on a charge of slay ing Virginia Rappe. screen act ress, at a drinking party In San Francisco. A job as director was suggested as one way out. j ' . i. . i ' Debate Stormy Forty-six members of the com mittee, headed by Lee F. Hannter of the Russell Sage foundation, committee chairman, were closet ed with 'Mr. Hays for more than three hours. It was said that less than half the time was consumed In! tbe debate on the Arbuckle 'pardon," which aroused such a storm of nation-wide protest, j Despite the length of the de bate,' the meeting was amicable, and there was no sign ' that anr members felt like following Julius names, president of the United States Chamber of, Commerce,! in resigning from the committee. 'I - - - Body of One Man. Lifeboat and 3 Belts Found at Point Pachena VICTORIA, B. C, Jan. 4 The steamer Alaskan Is believed to have been wrecked Tuesday night off the west coast of Van couver Island and her crew ot seven to 10 men lost. The body of a man was found at Point P&chene lying beside a IK'eboat and three life belts marked "Al askan." Distress signals seen Tuesday night . by the keeper " of ! the Pachena light are thourht to have been displayed by the Alas kan. ' . ' . i .. , .-. , . -. .' The Alaskan. " commanded I by Captain A. J. Bailies of Victoria, was" bound from, here tq Bar clay , So and which Is Just west of Ppjnt Pachena. The rest ot the creir are : said to have lived here 4rd in l Vancouver. 1 .The' Alaskan was of 100 tons capacity. She was built in San Francisco and far many years plied between Seattle : and Alas ka. She -; had recently -had trouble with her boilers. ,; : Ktty BELIEVED I1EI10 BEGINNING OF E KILLINGS IS DE Witnesses for Defense in Herrin Case Tell of Death Volley Fired by Hidden Machine Gun. 1 GUARDS DECLARED INSOLENT IN MANNER Union Miner Said First to be v ShotPeace Delegation Was Turned Back; ... .-Mi-' ' MARION, 111., Jan. 4. Declar ing that the .first shots fired In the i Herrin rifots ' -- were . poured from a hidden machine gun at the ''strlp; mine where the trou ble ' started ? upon va peaceable crowd . approaching "the j pit, ..wit nesses at the trial of five men charged with murder today; glow ly unfolded the defense's version of the tragedy which cost the lives of three union miners; and 20 non-union workers. Guards Domineering The armed guards stationed at the mine, when it was re-opened during the coal miners' strike last June were . pictured by witnesses as domineering in their attitude toward persons approaching the mine and as swaggering , about armed with high powered rifles, steel-jacketed ', bullets , .by . the bucketrul, j hundreds i of deadly hand grenades,' pistols, and a machine- gun. 'Hr!.- v,v ----ji..-'- Described by one witness as "roughnecks", and : "bullies," the guards were declared to have de liberately j sought to Intimidate everyone with whom they .came in contact, either : by threats, boasts of their prowess with tire arms or I stories of what they would do if attacked. Other wit nesses asserted , the. guards were fearful of being attacked., and seemed to be trying, to avert it by instituting a reign of i terror overt the peaceful countryside. ; . Gun Is Placed - J Three of the 18 witnesses heard today, John C. Baker. Grove r Kelly and Nelson Meadows all' of whom are union miners, testified that, they had seen a gun placed in position on top of the mine dump early in the afternoon of June. 20 and concealed behind a clump of bushes. ; They agreed that the first shots fired at, the mine that afternoon came from this gun, which was In- a position to. rake the surrounding country Before I the shooting began Kelly said he saw a crowd, some of .whom were armed moving to ward the 1 mine and j heard one of them say: "We don't want any trouble." "- : -v x ' Then he said that two f of the crowd declared that they would go to the mine and get the non union workers to quit, n I Meadows testified that he, too. had seen the same crowd and had gone ahead to the pft with a com panion, Leonard Stanton, also a miner, Volley Heard "We were stopped by two guardp With, rifles. When we said we wished to see Supt. C. K. McDowell! they told us we - had no business with him." he declar ed- V, . j I :. "We told them we were not looking for trouble but were try ing to avert it, but the f guards made us j turn back. ! As we. went out we met the ' same crowd go ing toward the mine, and told them they had better so back or they would get in bad company up the road. J j "They: said they did not think so. and went on toward the mine while we returned to our auto mobile to repair a! puncture.; Then we heard a volley of shots from the mine. a It was some time later before we heard any shoot ing from outside the ; mine." i ... -I i I '! - f ' Crowd Fired On J Baker testified t that j he had seen the ' beginning of the shoot ing through a pair of field glass es from the front of his home, three-quarters of a mile from the mine. He said that he had seen three men-drag the gun to the top of the dump and. conceal it behind a clump hi bushes, two ot the men going away and leav- (Continued on page 6). IN COIB: W MY, 2 tmt, KELSO, Wash Jan. 4. (By. the Associated Press) The toll of the Cowlitz river bridge disaster yesterday had reached the total of . 22 missingr persona tonight. All were believed to have perished., When searchers ceased their la bors for the day at darkness one of the bodies held beneath the surface of; the stream or caught in the bridge wreckage had been. recovered.: this total of the inissing were to be added.the names of Ci O. McDonalo of Vancouver, Wash., and Harry Kirk of Kelso who died today of their injuria j aner oeing rescuea. i SIX KILLED IFJ Many, Others' Injured When Clash 'Between Blacks', and Whites Breaks GAINESVILLE" Fla., Jan. 5. Sheriff Ramsey of this. Alachua county, chief Deputy Dunning and - several - automobile loads oi deputies and afrmed citizens were pieparing at 1 Ing to ' leave Rosewood, 40 o'clock this morn . Immediately for miles southwest ot here, in'- Levy county where a clash between the races early last night .is I reported to - have resulted In the1 deaths of three white men and! .three negroes and the injury .of numerous' whites and blocks. j "... The .reports added that the pop ulation of Cedar Key was arous ed and that many ormed men from here were planning - to . go to Rosewood, j ..The GainsvlUe Sun- was requested to ask Sher iff J Ramsey of . this .(Alachua) county to go to the scene with as many men! as possible as It was feared the. : situation, ', ap parently already . beyond , control of the Levy county oVicers would grow worse. scion si CLOSE TO ROCKS Coast Guard Cutter Sent to Relief of Ship Off Wash- ingtoh Coast 1 SEATTLE. Wash.. Jan. 4.-The coast guard cutter Haida has beea dispatched from Port Angeles, Wash. , to the aid of a four-masted schooner reported in a dangerous ... j I v - . position ... between Destruction Islan and the mainland, off the Washington coast, it was stated, at the headquarters of the United States coastguard service late this afternoon, ; J , " . The Haida .was sent to Port Angeles las ', night . when the weather -bureau station - at - Ta toosh. reported a vessel blowing distress signals In the vicinity of Destruction Island. Later, it was stated that the signals were mere ly fog signals ot a vessel proceed ing outside. Destruction f Island, but the Haida remained at Port Angeles In case oC emergency. : The vessel was observed off the mouth of the Hoh river when the fog. cleared, up this afternoon, ac cording to weather bureau offi cials at Port Angeles." who receiv ed the report by telephone from a rancher. A -coastguard power boat was, sent: from Neah Bay to tow the vessel out of 'shallow water, but was not expected to reach Destruction Island for eight or nine hours. f According to the report receiv ed at Port Angeles, the vessel was anchored, -but in a -'- dangerous position, 'and would probably be unable to- beat out - to ; windward without assistance. U If a storm should arise, it was believed, she would crash on the rocks which abound in the vicinity. ' The Haida ' was expected. . to reach the scene before daybreak tomorrow.. , . . , - I BIG RACE RIOT tmmw. m '9" 'n. . Ml ; . . ; -r . ' i i . .. . George O. McDonald of. 5an couver. Wash., who was dr-sed f rofn , the river shprtly af l r . the crash, died early today at n hospi tal from internal injuries aavf Harry Kirk of Kelso, who was In jured, died late today r7"TEIght boaU patrolled the river below the collapsed: span, ,-drs. ..Ing for bodies. It was a fruitless task all morning. .About" roon, one body was. pulled to the surface. Efforts were being made late to day to.Identify. it. ,;. ; .., , : Cranes worked at tha maaa . of Wreckage, which stretched1 across the channel marking old bridge had stood. where the . .-; Bridge Said Safe " Several automobiles; were -extricate from the mass, lifted by the cranes and placed: upon boa 3. T. iP, Flske, a local attorney and an old citizen, who haa been connected with all of Kelsd's town activities said the bridge was re cently pronounced safe by a state Inspector. The weakening of the brldge? Mrr Fiske assarted," was not due to the recent log jaci. The piling against which the ics were piled remains intact, he said, an examination disclosed. TL3 collapserthe bridge was ..due to the snapping of the cables sup porting it. -r.r f- .r.?;-'-1 :; : C. B. Andrew,: state brf 'e en gineer, today began an liiust!a tlon of the cause of the collapse of the bridge, although he says the bridge is under ; the JurlaJU tlon of the county, not the statu Hoards Rain Soaked' . tTbe bridge during the past si months has-carried -twenty timet lt normal traffic." said Mr. An. drew. r , The j)ld ,four-inch plank with Which the floor was covered, wore down, and some time ago another layer of plank three inch-' ea thick waa added. . : The rains have, soaked the boards, through the seven Inches, adding much to the. weight of a the J bridge. A watchman was -placed 6a tha bridge , to keep v the .traffic some feet apart. It' was" Just 'n' old . structure which, from some cause yet to fee determined.. gave , 'way when the last straw was placed upon it." : ; ".'';. - ''It- was the upstream cable of the old bridge that parted . first yesterday. The cable snapped at the east anchorage. The down stream cable held. This allowed the upstream side of the suspend ed span to fall In the river. The current caught the floor of the bridge, putting all the load oh the downstream cable... The west tower topplefover downstream. Thia was immediately f ollpwed fey the west tower, of the channel span. The east tower went next, and the bridge was in the river." Missing Tabulated : It also was Considered-probable that some persons not yet report ed as .missing . since the disaster, had lost their lives, as transients and strangers were considered al most certain to have been in the traffic Jam on the. bridge, at the time of its collapse. .. A careful check tonight of the list of miss ing showed these names:- ; I A. G. Huntington, Kelso pio neer. : . . i Mrs.. A, G. Huntington. . Lloyd Huntington, their son, a stage driver. . . -' John Godfrey .transient .labor-, er. . " "- , ; Ben .Barr. "county , commissioner-elect, of Woodland, Wash. Harley Hlllard. of Woodland, a mechanic. -; . - - Allan Chisholm of Moose Jaw, Sask. Ralph Chamberlain, , lumber employe. ',. " W..P. Croske, 224 Broadway, acoma. V .Buck of MonUna, mill . nploye. . . .'- ,W. P. Hartley, Kelso, a logger. " John Cooper, Kelso, mill car pe.er. -v, ; -. " Herbert TiUand, 6825: South Union Ave., Tacoma. (Continued from Page 2). 4 -..:' . if-;. T