SECOND HEWS SECTinn
PAGE$1 TO 4
Slogan Pages and General News
SEVENTY-SCPTO YEAR
SAUJM, OREGON, THURSDAY MORNING, NOVEMBER 2, 1922
PRICE 5 CENTS
I.
GE0.1D0I
a mm
: r if?-
IS. THE FILBERT
. TELLS OF TIE
1
it
Pollination, Varieties Used, Methods Employed, and a
! Great Deal of. Most Valuable Inf ormation-The Man
wno nams tuoens Has no Hement of nhancA
i
One of 'Most Attractive Horticultural' Pursuits of
ft JIM MM 1 J ' '' . ' . 1 '
,;j2dtfr Statesman: ;
J. 'After having delivered eight or
, ten annual, addressfs on this sub
ject before varioui societies, "all
; .of which were widly published,
i'gome of them in; The Statesman
? feel reluctant q again inflict
5 mr' view on your' readers. ; But
i as there is a deep and widespread
interest in all the questions that
pertain to filbert; culture and as
Where are yet miny . unsettled
points I feel It my duty as one
'who has helped develop-this new
' industry '' and has the greatest
I confidence In its future, to com
' ply "with your request and give
I your readers the benefit of my oh
, serrations and conclusion, jn
: doing so ; It;, will f ot only give
't me the opportunity to express my
satisfaction that the predictions 1
.' made in an address before the
, State Horticultural society some
ten years' ago are now - rapidly
being j fulfilled, but. it .will Aalso
. enable ma to show, wherein I have
modified or - abandoned some of
. my former written' opinions.' For
in the earlier days, be it remem-
- ered, the whole industry was in
. its experimental stage and little
. or nothing ' was known of many
fundamental necessities.' with,' the
natural consequence that those of
. us who pioneered the way drew
many erroneous conclusions and
f made, many expensive mistakes.1
In fact, my owa success was not
Jn the slightest 'degree due to any
intelligence on my part but to a
. combination of conditions which,
so far as I , was concerned, were
entirely .accidental; :
While I knew; from the begin
ning that I was succeeding beyond
my expectations 1 j did . not know
why. Nor did I know why some
ithers who later; tried it failed
ind some succeeded.
' The Key Is' Pollination. '
. Now we hare the key that un-
I . jbeka thw mystery,; and that - Jtey
v, is'1 pollination ' "jn mf groves I
"lad it and did !:iiot know it.
' Neither did I then,' know 'its ae
- tessity. Now the man who plants
a filbert grove may know to a
certainty that 'there Is no element
of chance; that it he follows cer
tain requirements success Is as
sured And in; filbert- growing
one may fall far i short of the
maximum possibilities of produc
tion and still succeed, but to get
the maximum' of production and
therefore of success, two elements
are essential: first; the tree must
be naturally of a heavy and reg
ular; bearing . strain,; and, second
pollination must bo perfect.
By the exercise of due caution
.the prospective planter may now
be certain on both points. With
out such caution he may ba dis-
. , appointed. - ; Is . - .
. j 7 .- Tho Mnlii Crop -
My observation has firmly con
tinced me that the Barcelona is
the only variety to be -considered
for the main crop; That peema
to be the concensus of opinion
among nearly all growers. Some
apparently promising seedlings
are being tried out but they will
have V mighty task to eclipse the
better strains of Barcelona, either
In tlgor or growthi; regularity of
bearing or size of 'rop.:. i y-H
, Th DuChllly has some advo
cates lt Is a fine nut and I once
thought favorably of It, but years
of '. experience with ft have con
vinced, me that Its; only places In
a grove is as a polenlzer for the
Barcelona, v: , :
:''.'. t rolUnailon ; .: .f
; On "the subject- of pollination
of the Barcelona there is a great
divergence of opinion. . With a
few exeptions all now-agree that
It is a necessity but what' and
how many pollenlzers lo use is a
debatable question, j It should not
be forgotten that rwhoiu the poU
Unation is insufficient tbV crp
is small, the nuts extra large aaJt
the- percentage - of 7 bl?rak-7 -ffrf
high. -. The aim should tf ue
only enough pollenlzeri'-to-faiiuN
a good normal crop, with a low
.percentage of blanks.; .fv': j'
Recommendations on this point
tary from tea to; 5 0 per cent of
the planting. TVose who advocate
the larger .number ; do 1 too on the
theory that a crop can be secured
from the pollenizers' also." That
is true to a certain extent, but
.when we consider j that .w:h pol
lenizer in the grove makes one
lass Barcelona, and that one
.Barcelona, from 1 -i a commercial
standpoint, is worth from two to
five of any of the pollenizera' now
in use, it can be; seen reidlly
why the smallest number of pol
lenlzers consistent frith the great
est amount of quality yield ef the
Barcelonas : should be the ruu
lety, as there is much difference
in the pollen bearing capacity of
the, different varieties in common
use, as well as In the efficacy of
the pollen. The White Aveline
is a small tree, as compared with
the Barcelona, and a heavy pro
ducer-of nuts and1 pollen. Tha
DuChllly also is a small tree and
at times has the habit of bear
ing small crops -and a small
amount of pollen. The Daviana,
on the contrary, at all times is a
shy bearer of nuts but is the most
vigorous grower of all these var.
ieties and at all times produces
an enormous load of pollen. Both
my field experience and the tests
recently made by the 0. A. C. give
it a higher rating as a pollenizer
that is, as to efficacy of politn
than the other named varieties,
though, these also are good.
vi It is impossible to give offhand
the' exact proportions' of pollen
lzers to use, but in my late
plantings-1 am using every third
tree in every third row as a pol
lenizer, and alternating the pol
lenlzers to read Daviana, Whits
Aveline : and DuChllly . in both
directions. If the Daviana were
omitted 'and either or both of
the others used, owing to , their
smaller production of pollen mce-3
should he- used, but Just how
many I would not say. - I rely
principalfy on the Daviana, next
on the White Aveline and then
on, the DuChllly. If the Daviana
alone were used, I think five to
the acre would be an.ple.
My reason for using three var
ieties as pollinators is that they
commence and quit shedding pol
len at different times, thus giv
ing a longer period for pollina
tion by a few days. As the Bar
celona is In bloom for approxim
ately six 'weeks, during all of
which time alt of the pollinators
are shedding pollen in profusion.
I doubt if much is gained by . this
method. . I . use it simply as a
precaution.
f Oistance for Planting
' Until recently 20 feet was con
sidered ample distance for plant
inf, but of late naany are recom
mending from 20 to 25 feet. The
distance shouia depend - on how
the trees are to be. treated. Many
of my 15 and 20 year old trees
allowed'to grow unpruned have a
spread of 2 5, feet and I know of
one. tree at Scottsburg that has a
spread of 4 5 feet.,-' This tree is
from 60 to 70 years old and is
probably the largest filbert tree
in the United States.
About Pruning
The best method ' of1 handling
the tree in Oregon has yet to be
determined, but I am coming to
the conclusion that regular prun
ing -will eventually come to be
the practice here. By regular
pruning there is a renewal of new
and vigorous bearing wool, : and
if the pruning is severe enough
to keep the tree down to a spread
of 'Z0 feet heavier crops might
be obtained per acre than If - a
greater distacca were used InJ
planting and no pruning used,
This Is a matter, ' however, on
which each grower must use his
own Judgment. ;-; - - -;
Depth of Planting
, The filbert is naturally a shal.
low; feeder and I believe in early
and shallow: planting, not more
than ona - inch; deeper than the
tree , stood in - the 'nursery and
preferably the same depth. To
facilitate the work of ; removing
suckers1 that grow from - the
crown of the tree without digging
the practice is recommended; by
some to plant the tree, with the
first f series of roots above the
level of the ground and mound up
the earth.- This will, bring the
collar of the tree above the level
of -the ground but will not keep it
from suckering, In my Judgment.
It will do Tiolence.M to; nature,
which intended that the 'collar
and all the roots should be below
the surface and I feel certain that
such an infraction of the natural
habits of the tree will be reflected
In the ton growth of ; the tree
which will be more feeble in pro
portion as the roots are above the
ground, . By this method you may
save a trifle of labon :n suckering,
but it will be at too great an ex
penso to Justify the experiment
In planting trees thwart nature as
little as possible. . vi .
.' ' ' ' Suckering '"
: It is natural tor the filbert to
throw suckers in its younger years
and ' It Is supposed by 60me that
to remove such suckers is a very
onerous task. ; Such Is not by any
means the fact.1 To pull out the
suckers while they are tender or
to remove a little- earth from the
Again, the number of pollenizerskollar of the tree and cut them otr
tough, is a very simple and easy
task, if done at the proper time.
If the work is properly done the
tree, at four or flye years, ceases
to throw more than an occasional
sucker.
Type of Tree
Most people prefer a tree with a
single trunk, on the theory that
it looks better. For my own part.
I see no objection to forming the
tree by allowing two or three suck-
hars to grow. In either case the
tree will form a symmetrical head,
hut I am Inclined to think that
a two or three trunit tree will give
a better bearing surface, and such
a type is more in conformity with
the natural tendency of the tree.
This system is indorsed 'by several
successful growers.
THE FILBERT ACREAGE TO DDUBIE '
net, place in glass or tin contain- chop can be disposed of to Jelly
Probably a Thousand Acres Now in These Trees, and
! Another Thousand Going Out This Winter and Next
Spring and -the Demand . Will . Exceed the Supply of
Trees for Some Time in the Future Eventually
Train Loads of Filberts from Salem.
if they have been; allowed -4o $1!
Cultivation.
While the filbert will stand
much neglect, proper cultivation
will not only increase the size and
bearing capacity of the tree but
will result in larger nuts. j
Markets! ;
With the exception of a few tons
raised in Oregon and Washington,
the .only localities yet found in
the United States where th fil
bert can be grown successfully,
the importations have increased
from eight million pounds in 1909,
to from eighteen to twenty million
pounds in the last three years,
Do what we may, lt will be many
years before our production keeps
pace with increasing consumption,
and when it exceeds it the im
ported article will give way to tbe
superior domestic product.
Production.
The all Important question, is
how often may we expect a crop
and what will it be. I can answer
this best by giving my own ex
perience. My first planting was
made twenty years ago. I have
four other plantings ranging
from five to fifteen years, and one
planted this year. ,
In my first planting of 100
trees, which so far as I know was
the first plantation rn.the state.
were twehty-fiye Barcelpnas. These
trees were two years old when
set out and bore, a few nuts that
year. Every year since these
trees have borne crops, nearly all
of-them large without a single
failure or i partial failure. ; All
the younger trees except some in
one grove, where the pollination
is Insufficient, have a like record
of continuous heavy Hearing. Of
late years individual trees in the
original group have produced as
high as fifty- pounds. There are
several- misse an several resets
of a much younger age, but the
group Just as It is produced last
year at the rate ol orer thirty-five
hundred pounds per acre, and this
year only a little less. This grove
was never pruned until this spring.
When a great deal of "thinning out
was done, which may account for
the' slight decrease In yield this
year. ,
Prof. Schuster, of the Oregon
Agricultural college, harvested
from one fifteen-year-old tree this
year, fifty-nine pounds. Almost
half of them were picked off the
ground and about half picked from
the tree. 'Afterwards probably
four to six pounds dropped off the
tree and I picked them; up. Mate-;
ing an allowance iur buiuikhk.
I feel sure that this tree pro
duced at least fifty-five pounds
of dried nuts this year. I have
other trees of the same age equal
ly large, which were apparently
equally well loaded, of which no
record was made. f One of '.these
trees produced forty-eight pounds
four years ago. Over twenty-1
five pounds of nuts were produced
this year from a nine-year-old
tree, twenty-one pounds from the1
same tree last year, and fifteen
pounds three years preceding that.
In England mature filbert
groves occasionally produce from
four thousand to five- thousand
pounds per acre. With a record
of nineteen successive crops, near
ly all of them proportional to the
size of the tree, and with a like
record for the younger trees. I
have every reason to believe from
the actual performance of my own
trees that with a naturally heavy
bearing strain and adequate polli
nation, our hest groves et fifteen
to twenty years of age will not
only occasionally hut frequently
equal the English yields. Regu
lar fields of even half that amount
will put filbert growing as one
Of the most attractive horticultural
pursuits of this state. ' -
' ' TrQEO. Ai DORBIS
Springfield. Ore. Oct. 24. 1922.
The men engaged in the filbert
industry in the Salem district,
without exception, so far as
known, are enthusiastic concern
ing the future of the industry
and nearly every grower Is put
ting out. more filbert trees.
That ii surely a good recom-
mendation of the industry.
There are possibly 1000 acres
of filberts now growing in west
ern Oregon, and they proaucea
from 25 to T0 tons the past sea
son. This is hard to estimate, "Be
cause most of the trees are young.
Will !ouble Next Year
The filbert acreage in western
Oregon will about double next ;
jcar. This estimate is made be
cause of the fact that it is known
that there are some 60,000 to 70,-.
000 nursery trees available, and
that all of these are already en-
ga&ed by growers;, excepting 15,-
000 to 25,000. and these could all
be sold now, excepting that the
men who hold them desire to
make as large a distribution as
poBsible to new growers- for the
good of. the industry. Filberts axe
planted 60 to 75 trees to the acre.
(t was the samo last season
all the available stock was taken;
but the supply was only about
half the supply of the present
planting' season. !
Larger Plantings Xow
Many small plantings have been
and are being made; but the ten
dency is now towards larger plant
ings; and towards the Increase of
plantings already made.
Isaac- D. Hunt, first vice presi
dent of the Ladd & Tilton hank) in
Portland, is putting out 30 acres,
on his magnificent farm beyond
Newberg, on the paved highway
between Springbrook and Rfex.
Pearcy Bros., the, Salem orchard
experts, are attending to this
planting. - , i
There are other large Dlantinex
being made, and there is a pros?
pert of 100 acres being set to fll
berj.3 in this district - which
would be the largest filbert grove
in Oregon; or on this continent
There is a new planting being
made this season near Forest
Grove of 40 acres. This Is the
largest, so far.
Filberts Bear Early
An Albany farmer gathered 300
pounds to the acre from filbert
trees four years old. One may de
pend upon a commercial crop from
trees five to six years old,
Wm. Unruh, who is over 80
years old and partially blind, has
three acres of filberts at Dayton,
and he will plant another acre this
year,
N. E. Britt of New berg, over 80
years of age. has a tenth qf an
acre of filberts in that city, and
ten more acres in tbe hills near.
and he Is putting out more fll-
for all who want to engage In the
industry. -
A significant thins is that a
number of farmers who have been
growing hops are beginning to
turn to filberts for part of their
acreage.
The Salem district is already
the center of the filbert industry
of the United State3; of this con
tinent. But, as the reader has
gathered, it is only in its Infancy
yet, and is due for steady .growth
-and, within a few years, very
rap!d growth, with many thou
sands of acres being planted to fil
bertr. each year
And filberts will go to the mar
kets not only in car lots;- they
will go, along with the. walnuts,
from tho Salem district, in solid
train lets. And not 60 very many
yer.rl in tho future, either.
era and sterilize tor 30 minutes
at a temperature of ISO degrees
P.- O.A.C. experiment station.
Hannchen barley. tue best
spring variety, gained much In
acreage in 1922 and most produc
ers were well pleased with its
yield and Quality. Hannchen
first showed promise in Oregon
In 1909 when it was successful
at the exepriment staiion. OX
C. experiment station.
Plenty of grit should be pro
vided for the pullets In the lay
ing quarters. Fowls not provided
wun grit soon show a loss o: ap
petite and begin to lose weight.
Proper use cannot be made of the
feed without grit to grind it.
O.AC, experiment station.
1 $400 PIANO $89
W have five practice pianot
for only $89, on terms of $5
down, $1 a rcek.
Biff Sale Now On .
GEO. C.WILL,
, .1 .432 State St.
$500 Estey Piano $275
Closing out five Estev Pianos
in like new condition, $275. - $5
down,' $1.50 a week
' GEO. C. WILL
', 432 State St.
$12.5 tyw Phonograph $62
. 4 Closing out i one nationally
advertised line Pbonocraphs at
half pri $1 down $1 a week
- j.. GEO. G. WILL .
433 State SV " rj
bert trees this year.'
Both these men are Civil war j
veterans.' They show a spirit that j
might bo emulated by .young men,
especially those who say it takes
too long for a filbert tree to come
into profitable bearing.
There seems no limit to the age
of filbert trees, any more than ,
walnut trees. Filbert trees are i
bearing crops in England that are
known to be over 150 years old;
and no one knows how much old
er. There are walnut trees many
centuries old.
How Profitable Are Filberts
If the reader will note the arti
cle of Geo. B. Dorris, in this issue,
be will see that this pioneer in the
industry thinks filbert orchards
will produce, in full bearing.BOOO j
pounds to the acre and that half
this production would make them
the most profitable and safe of at!
our orchard crops.
Most of the Oregon filberts are j
now selling at around 25 cents
pound. Some fancy ones are sell
ing at 30 cents; it is understood
that Mr. Dorris is receiving that 1
price for his best nuts. Some of
poorer quality are going at around
20 cents a pound now.
ror a period of 10 years, pre
ceding last year, they averaged in
price here about 20 cents a pound.
For these past two seasons they
have been higher, and one year
the Oregon crop sold at aronnd 35
cents a pound.
. There Is not much overhead in
a, filbert groe. They almost har
vest themselves, and cure them
selves, put in a dry place. They;
do not. need washing and drying.
as walnuts do. In fact, such dry
ing would injure them.
A Look Ahead
.. It Is not likely that the Bupply
of filbert trees for new plantings
will catch up with the demand
next yean or even the year after.
though there will be a constant in-
crease of available trees. It will
take four or five years before the
industry is in full swing, the way I
U. looks now,, with plenty of trees V
FflKM
REMINDERS
Some Hints from the OiA.C.
Experiment Stdtiop to the
Men on the Land
The most progressive potato
growers who expect to certify
or to have good seed are sort
ing carefully before the potatoes
go into storage. This takes less
storage space and removes the po
tatoes likely to start spoilage in
the pit. O.A.C. experiment sta
ana . pecim manufacturing con
cerns in the east. O.A.C. experi
ment station.
Worms are very troublesome to
poultry at this season of the
year. The poultryman who watch
es the djoppings for the first in
dication of worms can ' check
them before they seriously in
jure the flock. Tobacco dost.' t
pound to 30 pounds , of mash. Is
the most commonly used remedy
for round m-orms. O.A-C- experi
ment station.
Pullets should be hitting their
stride now with 50 per cent pro
duction. If there are a lot of
small, late hatched pullets ta the
house they will do better if plac
ed by themselves and given sep
arate iedlng. O.A.C, expert
ment station.
lilER TIM
AGAIN MAS
PART
Fateful Figure Bobs up Fre
quently in Famous' Brum-
!; field Tragedy :; .
Vegetable Quality Wanted
Those who sell vegetables to
the public, as for example, the
retail grocer, find there is a dis
tinct preference among the bxxy
ing public for certain varieties,
but above all, for quality pro
duce which has the best flavor,
correct slxe, color, shape, and
solidity. A good product well
grown is oftentimes half sold.
O.A.C. experiment station. .
Barley can be used with good
results for the morning-poultry
feed, if oats are considerably
higher in price. It is preferable
to soak the barley to soften the
hull or te germinate It. O. A. C
Experiment Station.
In . germinating barley for
poultry, a small breeder lamp
or other suitable means of heat is
desirable : for successful germina
tion during cool weather, , Warm
water helps to start germination.
-O.A-C, experiment station.
(Following are excerpts taken
rom fhe current bulletin of the
department of industrial journal
ism of the Oregon Agricultural
college: )
It is illegal to sell cider that
has not been preserved or steril
ized. Cider may be preserved by
using one-tenth of one per cent
of benioate of soda. This method!
Is not always successful in pre
venting the formation of alcohol.
.Tha...fiftf.egjL w.ay Jp to use only
good sound apples for cider mak-
ng. Thoroughly strain the prod-
Dried beans and peas intended
for storage need fumigation to
prevent weevel injury. Infesta
tion b weevils is so general that
the treatment is always advis
able. Use carbon b-kulphlde
two tablespoonfuls to five .gal
lons of seed, or at the rate of
one pound to 25 bushels. Place
the seed In fairly air tight con
tainers and pour the liquid over
the surface, or place the liquid
in shallow trays on top of the
seed to be treated- Close the con
tainer and allow the fumes to act
for 34 hours. The
If the curtains "lor the. .open
front of tbe poultry house are pre
pared now and then they will be
handy when Y , sudden rain' or
snow storm makes them
sary. 1 - ;
Again the fateful number i IS
has played a hand in the Brum
field tragedy. The marriage of ;
Mrs. Merle Brumfleld on Septem
ber 26 took plaoe IS days after
the suicide of nr: dentist : hus
band in his death cell at the
state prison, and not It days as
stated in the dispatches,
Brumfleld took his own life by
hanging on -.September 13. and
this war one of the number of
incidents la tha tragedy marked
by the date IS. His crime, the
murder ot Dennis Rnssell. was
committed July 13, 1121 and he
criginally was sen tensed to he
hanged on January IS. , 1J22.
Thfc-re were other developments
eulmonating on the 13th
month. -
The Brumfleld death: certifi
cate, filed with the supreme
court here three days after the
suicide, is signed by Howard Mo
sena as informant. . Motena ts
the man to whom Mrs. Brumfleld
was married on September C.
His address is given u Til East
Hoyt street, Portland. -
of a
Fresh elder may be clarified
by using a tubular cream separa
tor. Cider that has been sterallz
ed can not be clarified in this
way. More detailed methods,
practicable only on a commercial
scale. " are ; necessary to . clarify
sterilized cider. O.A.C. experi
ment station. - .!,,
neces-''honey is nearly carloads.
'There is no reason why this pro
duction should not he greatly ' in
creased, Governor Olcott said.
It Is to educate the people In re
gard to the value of the honey
bee that "honey.. week'l.wlU be
observed. :
Poultry litter mixed with drop
pings ha a high fertilizer val
ue. Many poultrymen-sell it for
treatment -eaongh to pay. the straw bill.-
does not Injure the material
seed or for feed -purposes
C. experiment station.
for
Various Suggestions
The prune dryer that is now
idle can be used , for drying cull
apples for apple, chop. The ap
ples are sliced aid sulphured and
O.A.C experiment - station.
"Honey week," November 12
to 18, has. been proclaimed by
Governor Ben W. Olcott" at the
suggestion of . H, C. Schullen.
bee specialist at. Oregon Agricul
tural college. ind secretary of the
Oregon Beekeepers' - association.
-Among other -queer phases of
the attempt to enforce the prohi
bition law is the fact that pre
sumably people will Invest from
$5 to $10 a pint for . moonshine
liquor and taken chance of being
poisoned with i the stuff. There
seems to be nothing quite so per
verse as humanity . I
placed in a dryer.. The apple Oregon's annual - production ! ot
P0UGHS
I
nx p (
V.-VAPOfiULl
Acoly orer throat and chest
swallow small pieces cX
DoiVt Surrender Ifbur Rightsl
OUR forefathers fought for their rights.
Many - of them gave their liyes that; we
might' eiijoy freedom.
In the Declaration of Independence they
recorded those truths that have so sajfeiy
guided our democracy. ? ?
They .have written that men are endowed
by their Creator with certain "unalienable"
rights, andoecure these rights govern
ments are mstituted among men."
And now these rights are attacked The School Mo
nopoly Bill (called on the ballot, Compulsory Education
Bill) proposes that we surrender a God-given right jthe .
right of parental control the right of a parent to say in
what school his or her own child shall be educated. ,
Maintain your right to control your child through the '
education you feel it is right to give it Dp not be led astray
by fine phrases. : Look into this dangerous bill You will : , '
find the vital principle of "unalienable" rights is at stake. .
Vote 315
X NO on the
School Monopoly Bill.
Called on the ballot Compulsory Education BUI
This advertisement is paid tor by the Non-Sectarian and Protestant: Schools Committee-
Used should depend on the var-