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About The Oregon statesman. (Salem, Or.) 1916-1980 | View Entire Issue (June 22, 1922)
T11E OREGOK-STATESMAN, ALEM; OREGON THURSDAY MORNING JUNE 22. 1922 - CallOa llore Bargains Etctj Day At The New Store iWorthi&Gray DEPARTMENT STORE Successors to W. W. Moore Vick Brothers for Overland Oakland Paige : WiUyi-Knisht Mason Tires Veedol Ofl Vick Brothers Quality Cars V, ' . . . Dedicated to Stimulating Our Present Industries And to the Establishment of New Ones ; r. The Way to Build Up Your Home Town Is to Patronize Your Home People The Surest Way to Get More and Larger Indus tries Is to Support those You Have 177 N. Liberty SW Salem, Or. U L "V 1 Eat a WEATHERLY Sold everywhere BUTTERCUP ICE CREAM CO. P. M, Gregory, Mjjr. 240 South Commercial Street Salem : 1 DRY GOODS NOTIONS i WOMEN'S 9 ; READY-TO-WEAR i - . .... - FURS .CORSETS 458 JBUte St. Phone 877 Eyes Tested Glasses Fitted bun acewrtMly fapUejU. . BJLSrtiV Hartnian Bros. Jewelers and Opticians Salem, Oregon Save Your Clothes Work a4 Worry ," 1T Saving of Una , 4xf work 4ooo y . Salem Laundry Company 136 Liberty St. Phone 25 nwpco. Broom Handles,' Mop Han- Panr Pluirs. Tent Toggles, all kinds oi uara- wood Handles ivianuiac tured by tne ; Oregon Wood SProducts Co. West Salem Capital City Lamiiry Quality vnd StVice Phone its ;, Monuments and Tombstones 1 Made In Salem " Tbla ta tfc Mly MoaaaMsl work Big Stock on Display Capital Monumental Works ; feSlO S. Oom'1 Oppoatu Caatry Made In Salem by experienced SwUs Cheese ;Ct"4;" maker " - : V Swiss Cheese Crani Brick Cheese Limberger Checso Order from the factory or ..; :from your, grocer V Salem Cheese Factory 1 - Phone 81F11 -On paved reform sctoi ro4 , eotiMut r te arc: plate a day ICE CREAM FIT OUTUJUK Cherries Beginning to Come . In; a Very Wide Market For Oregon Prunes The fruit outlook for the Salem district continues good, speaking generally. This week will all but iha strawhnrrv season. for canning and shipping supplies. The dry season has shortened h in both time and quality. The cbei ry crop, will not be up to nor mal in quantity. '. Tiieve will be a3 large a tonnage ot loganberries as last year owing to the new yards, if the growers get some needed HBUl m KING'S FOOD PRODUCTS COMPANY Dehydrators and Canners N Oregon Fruits and Vegetables Salem Portland Oregon Wiring i Fixtures - Mazdas Electrical Appliances Salem Electric Company If It's electric, come to n.M Masonic Tomple. . Phone 1200 Our efforts will be to assist in every possible way the development of the fruit and berry industries of this valley OREGON PACKING COMPANY A Licensed Lady Erabalmer to care for women and children, is a necessity In all funeral homes. We are the only ones furnishing uch serylce. Terwilliger Funeral Home 770 Chemeketa BL Phone 724 SALEM. OREGON W carrr the following lines of PAINTS, Sherwln Williams Co. and Bans Hueter Co. Also Everything In Rulldlng aLUerUl Falls City-SalemLumber rhone 813 W Ar Ont After Tt MUUnna W r a vayioK er tbr qimrtcni of mitlioa dnllr 7ar U lha dirjnii of thi ctkia tor it Marion Butter . ts tbt Bi BnUr Jfr wi aa4 ftMMf ni th ., WTinf Ba4 MARION CREXMERY fc PRODUCE CO m. Of, p&ont ; J4i - This campaign of publicity for community upbuilding has been made possible by the advertisements placed on these pages by our public spirited business menmen whose untiring efforts have builded our present recognized prosperity and who are ever striving for greater and yet greater progress as the years go by. rains needed by practically all bush and fruit tree growers, in cluding prune growers. There will be a larger pear crop .than last year, and buyers are already in the field. There will be very few Anjou pears. They have suffered from lack of pollination. It has been found that this variety must be planted with other varieties. They are not self-fertile. Not Knough Strawberries It Is impossible for the tan ners to get enough strawberries to fill their orders. It will be the same with Royal Ann cherries. The pack will be necessarily be low what wa3 promised or con tracted. There are practically no Iloyal Ann cherries left in the hands of the growers. Nearly all are sold. Prune Outlook is Good With timely rains, there is ev ery prospect of a big prune crop and there will be a much .wider The Dalles MONEY TO LOAN On Farm Land FIRE INSURANCE on Your Buildings REAL ESTATE L A. HAYFORD 305 State St. SALEM, OREGON Dixie Health Bread Ask Your Grocer G. SATTERLEE AUCTIONEER Phones: Residence, 1211 Office. 1177 SALRH :: OREGON BETTER YET BREAD It Satisfies Made By MISTLAND BAKERY 12th and Chemeketa -Order frnir your groce" d:stribution than ever before. The Oregon Growers CooperatiTe as sociation has already sold prunes to ." different car load points. This will be the widest distribu tion they have ever made. The managers are attempting to get a still wider distribution, owing to the new acreage coming on all over this field. They have sbld over 1,000,000 pounds of Oregon prunes in Frame: almost 3.0Q0.000 pounds in Great Brita:n. and nearly 2,000,000 in Canada and they have r.old cars of prunes all over Europe. Packers are out buying prunes In some districts now. Their ef fort seems to be to get orchards running to larger sizes. The trade has not taken hold oa the California crop of petite prunes very well. This association will also dry 500 tons or more of loganberries, and these will also go in attract ive Mistland cartons, containing e'.ght ounces to the package. The same as to Black Republi can cherries with the pits In. They will dry a lot of these in July. Roth the dried loganber ries and the cherries have been sold. Cherries Coming In Elton and Governor Woods cherries are already beginning to come in, to the Salem canneries. Other varieties will be coming alcng shortly. The Oregon Growers' cannery in Salem is running on strawber ries and cherries. They have afto bareled over two car loads ot strawberries, and have shipped large quantities to the canneries. All the canners and packers here are reporting the end of the strawberry season in sight. It will run into next week, but ttip big rush will be over with this week. However, there will not be much of a hiatus, on account o' the coming on of the cherry crop. 4 MONTHS LAYING Phoenix. Arizona, Breeder Gets Eggs from Pullets 3 Months, 25 Days Old G. V. Stephenson, who ha3 a poultry farm inside the city lim its of Phoenix. Ariz., avers he has produced laying hens in less than four months' time. His ex. tra early layers arc White Leg horns, and he has achieved this remarkable result by selection for early laying over a period of four years. On January 2 6, this year, his first hatch was taken out of the incubatorr. The chicks showed remarkable development as the days passed, with no signs of sick' cess. The chicks were properly housed, given plenty of range, and the right feeds, and In ex actly three months and 25 days, I two of the pullets laid small, but i perfect eggs. The Stephenson poultry farm has been built up to a flock of 2500 selected pullets. The proper amount of range is always pro vided, and fresh running water is always available. The pens are so arranged that feeding take3 up but little time and effort. The results this rear are due, Mr. Stephenson says, to careful electron of a flock of the highest Seamless Hot Water Bottles and Combination Syringes Guaranteed Not To Leak Prices from $1 up Brewer Drug Co. 466 Court St. Phone 184 ss n PRACTICAL SOIL iUENT ID ICiffl CULTIVATION DISCUSSED With Especial Reference to the Red Hills Orchard Sec tions of the Willamette Valley The Big Thing Is, "Incorporate Humus," Says a Man Who Is Both Scientific and Practical in the Methods Which He Employs. (The following article by Rob ert E. Shinn, manager of the Sky line Orchards, Salem, Oregon, was written for the June number of the Oregon Grower, the mag azine of the Oregon Growers Co operative association. Mr. Shinn has careruny watched various methods of soil management in a scientific and practical way and outlines a successful plan of mois ture conservation in this article: ) In considering the question of son management there are cer tain fundamental principles which apply in all non-irrigated orchard c?4 , .- fJ t Early Cultivation sections. The problems involved r in the best methods of cultiva tion vary, somewhat with the type of soil and general exposure, but it is the belief of the writer that these problems become most acute in dealing with the Red Hill soils which make up a very large part of our Willamette val ley upland orchards. It is with respect to this type of soil that the following article has to deal. At an early day much of the red uplands of the valley were covered with fir and oak timber and through nature's processes the soil, which was rich in the elements necessary to plant life, was further enriched with humus through decay of organic matter. The fact that the land was roil ing and higher than the valley floor resulted in natural drain age. All the factors necessary to make up an ideal soil condition were present. Karl j' Pay Farming Then came man with axe and hoe to reap the benefit of nature's rich blessing, an - while these grand soils gave forth bountiful ly, the early farmer showed little appreciation, and in return gave back nothing. Grain was harvest ed and the straw; yes, even the stubbie, was buried. No thought was ever given to applying the barnyard manure to the fields, and few leguminous crops were grown. As the humus became de pleted the farmer found it more difficult to plow at a time when the soil would turn up in a friable condition. His plow would no longer scour and the Soil would no longer hold its moisture as it had in the early day3. Crops grew smallery until a time came when they were so small that the profits appeared on the red side of the ledger. It was at this point in the his tory of the section's agriculture that it was discovered the clim ate was exceedingly well adapted to the production of fruit. Some new land was cleared and set to trees, but large acreages of land which had been farmed for years was set also. So the pitblem of soil management has been pas type of Leghorn hens for breed ers, and careful selection of the proper (feeds for development. Eighty-five hens were picked out to breed from. Only large, well proportioned hens were selected, nd fertility averaged 90 per cent. Over 4 000 eggs have been set from this flock of 85 hens. sed on from the early grain far mer to the orchardist of today. It is he who. through constant and patient effort, must restore these soils to their original fer tility. He must, through the in corporation of humus, make them physically fit to hold the amount of water requii(d to support the orchard trees. , We are dependent upon the soil for two concrete factors', in the productions of our orchards and their fruits. First: It must contain the necessary plant food elements. Second: It must be able to absorb and retain mois tue. Humus Must be Restored The Red HilJ soils are still rich In the vital elements neces sary to the growth of our orch ards. More of these elements are being made available each year but the methods of soil man agement have been such in the past that its physical condition is in sad need of remedy. There is a low percentage of humus and this must be restored. The soil is a gigantic reservoir which Btoips up the winter mois- ture but gives it off very rapidly unless It Is properly cultivated throughout the growing season. This brings us to the more prac tical point, namely, the best methods of cultivation in order that the maximum amount of moisture may be saved. Let us bear in mind, however, that culti vation and the restoiition of humus to the soil must go hand in hand if the best results are to be obtained in holding the soil moisture. Methods of Cultivation The editor has asked me to give a oisrussion ot our meinoas of cultivation on Skyline Orchards which is made up of two hundred twelve acres of grafted Fran quette walnuts inter-planted with Oregon prunes. In doing so, bear in mind that our soil is typical Red Hill noil. On such an acreage we are un able to caty out all phases of our cultivation at the most ideal time, as such management would entail such a working force and such an amount of equipment as to make the operation ujiprof it able. With the exception of a short time in the spring our work Is done with three horses and a Fordson tractor. Our cultivation for the season ot 1922 started on December Sth 1321. At that time we started plowing to ever' other tree row ith extension plows. One horse was used on a ten-inch piow and a two-horse team handled a four-tecn-inch plow. Each plow was equipped with an off-set, which consists of an iron bar two inches wide by five-eighths thick ami eighteen inches long, clamped at right angles to the end of the plow besn. A hole is bored through the outer end of the bar and a clevis attached through which a trace chain is run back to the standard. The double trees are attached to the free eriil of the chain. A roller wheel un den the end of the beam com pletes the apparatus. When the proper adjustments are made the team will be able tValk weh away from the treelow v hile the plow travels under tfce limbs and perfectly level. Plowing to Alternate Trrv Hows After alternate tree rowa had had two furrows thrown to each, the thre horses were hitched to a sixteen-inch plow se; down eight inches and as much lard plowed out as the distance be tween the rows would permit Then the two-horse team and single horse finished out the rows from which the dirt was Wij SalTM With IobmI TroaUa wUm plowed away by reversing the extension bar to the other side cf the plow beam. The entire plowing operation on the two hundred twelve acres, including the one horse and two horse extension plowing, re-inlrd a total of nine hundred eighty two hours. Six hundred slt three hours of this work was done by our own horses at fifty one cents per three ' horse honr and thirty cetit per hour for drivef. Three hundred nineteen hours were hired done with two horse teams at sixty cents per hour for team and driver. This figures out approximately three dollars and forty cents per acre. The last of our plowing wa finished on Apiil 19th and was followed Immediately with the three-section spike-tooth harrow rid tractor disc. Itcsults Compared Some interfiling points ' may be brought out regarding the ef fect of the plowing at different periods during the winter and ou varying soiis. When the disc and harrow had done their wor.k, the results showed that the ground which had been plowed " earliest in the winter had worked up in much better condition. ; After traveling over it once with the harrow and before it had bee.i disked, not a clod, was left. On the other hand, the ground which had been plowed later in the season and which had hid no cover-crop last year turned up cloddy. However, ground which had produced a cover-crop u year ago mellowed down in goJ condition under the later spring plowing. We conclude from this season's work, as other yeaif; have shown rlso, that unless the Red Hiil soil is in good condition with regard to humus content that it. can "best be plowed in the late fall or early winter. Especially is thrs trite in seasons where we have some freezing weather during the win der. In a large orchard where a cover-cypping system is followed the plowing may best be maa aged by planting only such pare as may be plowed in the spring before the dry weather sets in and the remaining acreage plow ed in the early winter. By al ternating the areas pianted to ternating the areas pianted to: covercrop each year a system of rotation may be developed which will result In a mpld building up of the soil. All manure .with a humus content should be applied to the ground not In cover-crop in the fall .and a stimulated gpowth results where some com .inercial fertilizer is added to tb$ growing cover-crop, during Jan uary and Februa. Suggestion on 'over-Crops A word here regarding cover crop management in western Oregon under lion-irrigated con ditions will not be out of place, as cover-cropping- U suyeiy one of our chief problems In soil management. A cover-crop should never be allowed to grow In the spring when its growth is rob bing the soil of moisture which the trees ehould have later In the I summer. I have seen many in- stances of crops being allowed to grow two feet or moiy before being turned under and the so'ls so dried out that the trees re cfived a serious setback the fol lowing summer. Many consider a cover-crop less than a foot tall a failure, but the average season win e:dom see a cover-crop oer twelve Inches high at the propeij time to turn it under. Please bear in mind that this statement applies to upland conditions on the average soil. Our cover-crops should be planted earlier in the fall. In the average Reason August 15th should see the seeding started and if the proper kind and amount of spring and summer cultivation has been practiced there will be sufficient moisture to germinate the seed and keep It growing until the first , fall rains come. However, ir jy srraping the soli away rooistnre is not In evidence within six in ches of the top. it- is dangerous to seed until later, as an early, light rain may v germinate the seed only, to let It. die out from lack of moisture before the nex-t rain comes. It 1s all a matter of Cklropraetta Win Your Health Begins When Yon Phone 87 for an appointment DR. O. L.SCOTT P. S. C. Chiropractor 7 laboratory 1 to 411 TJ. aV Sft Bk. Bid Hours 10 to 12 a. m. and 2 to 6 p. m. intensive summeff cultivation whether your next ceason'a cover crop will or will not be a success, vnich leads us to the next point iu our discussion. Summer Cultivation t It is our belief, and the method we- follow in summer cultivation . boars It out, that the summer, " work in the orchard; should lie, confined to au intensive and con-' tinuous stirring of the top . four or five inches of soil. The spning plowing and disking In order that 1 the organic matter may be turn ed under where the-soil .bacteria and warm humid atmosphere may do their work in breaking ("own the fibrous matter Into ' available plant food, hat to con tinue throughout the summer " T with Implements which will turn v this moist and decaying organic ,' , matter up to the sun to dry and ' burn out is surely an error. ' The aim' during the summer . should be to keep down the 1 ' weeds and break up capillary ac tion, which can be accomplished ,' only by constantly moving over ' the soil with such Implements as the Kimball weeder and spike- ' tooth harrow., use two Kim ball weeders 1 ten feet long, one being drawn by a three-horse team and the other by a Fordson ' tractor. ; , , ' ': The Tractor In Cultivation ' Respecting the use of the trac- tor as an economic means of pow . . er In orchard cultivation in th f hills we have come to , definite , conclusions. For early sprln -disking and later surface cultlva -tion, it Is indispensable. F01 -this work a type of tractor which Is geared to get over the ground , ' rapidly is most desirable. Oi large acreages much valuable moisture is lost by late spring rains unless the crust formed can , be broken up Immediately after. the shower, and If we had to re ly on horse power alone, the gyound could not be coyered-ln .time. ' ,'( We have done considerable ex perimenting with tractor plowing and observed the results of oth ers work, and It Is our opinion 1 that better work can be done more economically with horses in hill plowing. During tast seas- : on's plowing there were not five days during the entire plowing Beason when a tractor could have ' handled ,4 plow in the orchard. : This statement will not hold when applied to level land of a - lighter nature.. The writer has ' operand tractors plowing such orchard land and found them ' very successful, but In the Red ' Hhls our advice in plowing would a be to employ horses. Then last but not least to be considered is the hand cultivation rjbout the trees. On the tree -rows from which the dirt has been plowed away there are two open furrows, one on either aide of the trees. These dry out very " rapidly and through capillary ac- tion, moisture is drawn from some distance to be lost in evaporation. In hoeing, these furrows ane. fil led in about the trees and weeds which the Implements cannot reach are removed. Tb.ls- opera tion should not cost over one-halt cent' per tree where the Imple ments can get fairly close to the . trees. 1 ,.-. Four Vita! Toints In summing up the important points In the consideration of cul- ' tivation to incorporate humus and i maintain a maximum amount, of I moisture, we should ! say, first: Plow every year and as deep as f the established - rooting aysteui l, will allow. On large tracts prac- tice winter plowing on the areas -not In cover-crop. Second: TIow f your cover-crop under before it 7 begins to draw out moisture, . which will not be returned by later spring rains. Do this re- gardless of the height of the crop, i Third: Be prepared to disc and harrow -f the orchard hurriedly j during the first ; good weather ? after the middle of April. Fourth: Always keep- up a constant stir ring of the top four Inches of soil throughout' the summer until the middle of August;-and, ast,: do not fail to . put in cover-crop J systematically every year, , v 1 The first anT last word ln"our soil management,' should be ."la- 4 corporate Humus.- It will re-j suit In more and better fruit. , - 4 r i i I f f ?