'THURSDAY MORNING-APRU 61922 . 0) QK4 THE OREGON STATESMAN. SALEM, OREGON 1 " i v A - r eras should be I HTEfl MDI T In Salem District They May j iCome Fresh from Gardens the jear Jhrough ; By LUTHER J. CHAPIN i i A rrcat variety of "greens", or poUherb crops, are available 1' tola section. They are almost without exceptloa easy of culture , so that no family need be with out a liberal supply o some form of this' most wholesome food. They are rich in mineral content aad should form a greater part ol the diet than is usually the case. Under our. favorable climate con ditions greens may be taken from the garden every day of the year. They are usually grown as suc cession erops, cither preceding, or .following- gome principal or long season crop. '.,-. ; ;.. . , , The principal potherb crops are ' spinach, mustard, chard, and dan delions, but other crops such as beet,' kale, cabbage, etc., also furnish excellent greens. , Spinach Is ajicool-season crop preferring a codV moist soil. It should be planted, In a rich, mel low soil aa early" in spring as the ground can be properly worked. Since the leaved are .the -edible part of the -plant, a rapid growth Is desired. Tbla may fee Insured by supplying plant food in the j lorm of nitrate: of . sod. -Although this Is not absolutely nec essary. If the soil Is well manured j and In good 'tilth, it Insures a more rapid growth and, there? fore, a better quality of product. I It may also be planted ... In , late summer for fall use, or la the fall for early spring Use.' a : if Spinach is very- rich In Iron and tor that reason -is strongly recommended by doctors ana should be universally eaten. S. Mustard is a popular green, and like spinach may be sown in early spring or fall. The, fall sown seed will supply greens dur J ing the winter and early spring. 1 The curled-leaved ' and Chinese varieties' are, well adapted to this "j ! locality. The ostrich plume is one of the best varieties tor fall seed ing." Seed may be sown broau cast and raked in after the prin cipal crops have been v removed No, further care or attention is necessary. It Is well to destroy all plants, however. . before, they go to seed, as they may become a bad weed if . permitted - to seed themselves. . . r. . , Chard; more commonly-, known aa Swiss chard, la a form of beet, -the leaves of which are used in stead of the roots. It is also known as "silver beet", and "spin ach beet' the former . because i ot its silvery or light, green , color and the latter because it is used like spinach as greens. ' Unlike spinach, however, chard can en dure the heat of the summer. The seed is sown in early spring-at the same time beets are planted, and the crop is available for use from early summer until fall. Al though greens are not in so great demand in summer as In spring many persons desire them i the -year round, and chard affords an excellent hot-weather green. "Walle the entire leaf is used for greens the thickened leaf stalks which often reach a length of two feet or, more, and a width, of one to two and one-half Inches may be - creamed and" served, like as paragus. . r ,. 'y . . ' The dandelion is almost nnlver sally used aa greens. Since the wild dandelion grows so abund antly here, the tame or the cultl vated varieties are not usually, grown,. . Forj those who are espec ially fond ot dandelions, however, thp improved varieties ' may - be sown In early spring and harvestt ed in the fall or the plant may - be left in the ground over winter and used the following spring.; Dan delion will grow almost any where, but responds to good cul tural f methods. , - Young beets are also much used as greens. While they are not usually grown especially for this purpose, they may be sown ttuc and the thinnings used as greens. Jn this case the entire plant, top and-root Is used. . i Kale, like Swiss chard, is also ; able, to endure the" heat of, sum mer.. Its cultural requirements are about the same, as those for late 'cabbage. It makes Its princi pal growth in the late summer and fall. It may be left standing In the ground all winter as it Is seldom injured by thhe tempera ture of the Willamette - valley The Scotch kale, or curled leaf sort, is usually grown as a gard en crop, hut common' kale is alsj frequently used as greens. Indeed this makes an excellent green it the tender leaves are selected. , Cabbage, stumps also? furbish early spring greens It text stana ing In the ground after the heads are removed. . They , may . oe transplanted to a fence corner or some out of the way place In the falL, ; , The tender shoots; may he removed and served as a salad or rooked for rreens. ' Dwarf Essex Rape-may aiso oe . sown In early . fall . like mustard for -winter- and- early- spring rreens. . It belongs to . the cab- baea family and affords an abun 1 dancn nf Arr.ellent rreens. Like 'mustard, it occupies the ground . ,. when no other crops aw growing i and no care is necessary after eeedins. - . . In addition to the above men tloned -Dot-herb-crops, which does not by any means comprehend th rntira available list, there are LUTHER J. CHAPIN - Formerly; Marion county agri culturist, and chairman " of the committee' on': agriculture of the Salem Commercial club. , ) '' - ly used as greens, such ' as wild dandelions, wild mustard, , sour dock, lamb's quarter, sting ne: tes, watejr cress, and, others, ?o that no one need be deprived of sufficient greens to relieve the monotony of th every-day bill ot fare. ' . , "... (The above Is published by! re quest of a number of people in the Salem district. Every one who has available a, piece of gardes land ought to clip the above and paste it In his scrap book.' Ed.) THE COLLEGE MQi He Says 0t A. C, Graduates Do Gp Back to the Farm and Make Good - i Under the heading. "Slandering College Men.; the Portland Jour nal of which B. Franks Irvine is editor, in its Issue of last Sunday, tookl88U0 Mth, Hon, P. pArcx, air. irvme is a trustee of the Ore gon. . Agricultural college Fol lowing is the editorial: - That there isn't a single grad uate at the Oregon Agricultural college In the state who-has gone back, to the farm' is a statement said to hare been made by P. H. D'Arcy of Salem before the Port land Civic league. ,v i .. I . At mention of free public edu cation, Mr. D'Arcy sees ired. He 1s so fussed over Xree higher edu cation that his statements on the subject have become ridiculous, j The Journal has had some in vestigation made and finds that 4 0 per cent ot . the agricultural graduates of Oregon -Agricultural college are actually engaged, in farming. This does not take, into the account the hundreds who at tended the institution one. to three years and went back to the farm without graduating. . Another 40 per cent are assist ing to Increase agricultural prs- auctton as extension .or , experi ment station workers, high school or college teachers of agriculture, or employes in the United States department ot agriculture. These are probably T doing v more , ...lor building up agriculture than they could possibly ;- do by actually farming.. . . . -. Successful farmers orchardists. dairymen stock. i breeders 'and poultrymen graduates of the cot lego, are to be found'' in every county In the state, some of them within a few miles ot Mr. D'Arcy'a Salem home. The pure bred Jer sey herd that holds the world's record for production, by a herd of not less than .IS cows, is hand led and partly owned by an : Ore gon Agricultural college graduate.. Graduates of Oregon Agricultural college Are also owners or at the head of a number of other lead ing Jersey herds.' ... Flera Is an example of Oregon j Agricultural college graduates as farmers - that Mr. D'Arcy might paste In his hat: Four ot them In the north end of Gilliam county, Oregon, -harvested wheat in 1921 aW follows: Mark, Weather ford.-of the firm of Weatherford &. Weath- erford,,, 65,000 bushels; Merrill Moorea of the firm of Moores & Jones, 90,000 bushels; Arthur Weatherford of . Weatherford -, Turner, , 20,000 bushels; Paul Spillman of Spillman , brothers, 7800 bushels. Total 182,000 bu shels.' In the same district Mr. Diets,' Oregon Agricultural college graduate of 1912, is foreman on a wheat ranch that In 1921 produc ed 60.000 bushels. If Mr. D'Arcy will get the hat red of Oregon's public educational plan out of his ' system he can find college trained dirt farmers all over Oregon. ";' ''i A:'-t And if he will seek further he will find that Oregon Is building up the finest rural t civilization the world, has ever sen. Our, far mers average vcrr high in intelli gence; they, prduro more per man than almost any other farm .erg in the world: they havB adop ted the most advanced system ot farming and aro constantly lm proving it, -" s Here is an example of what our farmers are doing: Ten'.years or less ago we, were importing poul try and poultry products Mnto Oregon by the earload and" train- load.' Norve are shipping them mm out by the caroad and trainload The whole world applies to Ore gon for poultry strains because Oregon Agricultural college has developed the finest poultry strains ever produced, a single achievement that, year by year, yields as much money to the state as Oregon Agricultural college an nually costs, r KEEP TfirfiCT SPEED 1 PLOWING Scientific Rules in Tractor RJowing as Well as In Horse and Mule Speed By E. J. STIRNIMAN "What is the matter with my tractor? I pull two 14-inch plows in low speed and am not able to pull one . In high speed." This is the query of many tractor oper ators. Speed or rate of doing work is a factor that is generally for gotten by tractor operators when specifying the ability of their ma chines in drawbar horse power. In order to anwer the opening question,, it is necessary t,o out line two factors; 1, the term horse-power, and 2. the relation of drawbar , effort1 to the speed of plows. , . , The customary unit of power Is horse power. This is determined from the. average' amount of work a horse was found to do while pulling up coal from a mine', at. a certain height, in a day's time. It represents work done at the rate of 33i000 foot-pounds per min ute. In other words,' one horse power equals 33,000 foot-pounds per minute. . There are two factors that must be eoasldcred when determining horse-power, pounds-pull and the rate of pull in feet per minute. . If a plow requires 802. pounds effort at the drawbar to operate it at a speed , of two miles per hour, the . -horse-power .required would be ."802 poundsxl?6 feet per minute, (two miles per hour equals T 17 6 'feet. per minute) or 141,152 foot-pounds. Since one horse-Dower equals 83.000 foot-i pounds per minute, divide 141,- 152 by 33,000 and we find the effort required is 4.2 horse-power. Let two miles per hour repre sent low speed of the tractor, ana four miles per hour" the high speed. By taking the problem above and substituting four miles per hour Instead of -two miles, we find it requires 802 pounds z 352 feet per4 minute, or '282,304 foot' pounds, or double the horse-pow er, (282,304 divided by 33,ouu, of 8.51 rorse-power.) If .lb plow drawbar effort m nounds would remain the same it would require, by increasing the speed from two to four miles per hour, double the horse-power. However, the plow draft does not remain the same. By increasing the speed of the plow, the draft also increases. ;' v f ' According to tests run at the Iowa and Kansas State Colleges, the draft of plows Increases about 25 - per cent upon doubling the speed. Instead of merely , requir ing twice the power to double the speed of a plow, as would be the case, had the pull to pounds at the draWbar remained the same at the higher rate of speed, the amount of power is approximately 225 per cent as great: That is, tp double the soeed of the tractor takes again as much power, plus the ap proximately 25:per cent increase due tc doubling tne piow speeu from two to four miles per hour iAnd remember that this; is not only true ot the tractor, but ap plies also to the horse or muie, i Proper Cold Storage Plants Woujd Develop a Huge Outlet for Berries (The following, by C. I. Lewis, appears in the April number of the Oregon Grower, the ofiiciai mag azine ot the Oregon Growers Co operative association: ) - On an O.-W. R. & N. diner a few days ago the steward told ua, he had a treaty We asked What u was, and he said, jrresn logan berry pie." "But where ditf?jrm get fresh loganberries in Aiarcni "Oh. I bought them at Seattle. They came frozen. In the crate. I had them taken Into the kitcnen, sugar put on them, slowly thawed, and they certainly make a won derful nie. In the same car with me was a New bere berry grower. We both ordered this loganberry pie and it was on of the most delicious prop ositions we ever ate. The berries having been cooTted only once still had that bright, delightfully attractive color, the rich aroma and flavor which is characteristic of the freshly picked loganberry In summer. Nearly- veryone in the, car tried loganberry pie, and all were loud in its praises. The steward said that he was e-oinsr to buy strawberries and raspberries and blackberries and use them in the samp way. These berries when, frozen in the crat are as hard as marbles, and will keen seemingly - indefinitely. In fact, we were told that an expert ment is being conducted in the cast, and that they already have DGAIBIES FD III MARCH berries which have been held five years, frozen In the crate. That these are. going to be shipped to Europe - and manufactured into pie. to show what can be done. It looks as though this would be one of the coming markets for many of our berries here1 In Ore gon. By putting In proper cold storage plants there is no reason why we could not, cater to a very Mr trade for this class of product, and its superiority will easily es tablish Itself in favor with hotels, restaurants and similar institu tions. OUR FILBERTS TOO C, I. Lewis Thinks They Both Have a Great Future in Our District The following articles in the April number of the Oregon Grower, the official magazine of the Oregon Growers Cooperative association, were written by C. I. Lewis, who recently made a trip throughout the east: Great Future for Oregon Walnuts In visiting our brokers and job- ben in the east we were aston ished to find the high esteem Which -they -hold for Oregon walnuts.- Some ot these men have beea to the coast and have seen our product, Others have bad relatively small samples, which they have shown. It is no exag geration to say that had. we been able to 'have booked fifty cars of the 1922 crop, that they would have been eagerly snapped up by e its tern buyers, and many of these buyers showed a willingness even at this time to pay a price In ex cess of the California opening prices. The reason for the popularity of the Oregon walnut is its size, it wixiter pellicle -or skin on the kernel,' and its superior flavor. There are no nuts grown equal to the. French strain, such as the Franquette, and Mayette. Some Jobbers recognized our nuts imme diately, as- the European or Gren oble nut, but said they were vast ly superior to anything Europe sends over. . They like the brown nut, and the fact that it has not been, treated in any way, has not been bleached or had apy. artifi cial treatment, appeals to the trade. - There 'are thousands of acres of fine rolling hill land in western Oregon adapted to the English walnut, and it looks as though the future is bright. The greatest menace is possibly the Manchur ian nut. but this In time, we be lieve, will be handled. The Man churian crop was better handled this year than formerly. The nuts being graded, bleached, and made quite attractive. Unfortunately for. California, their product this year was of very low grade, hav ing more dark meats and inferior quality, than is customary. Some people are forming a prejudice against the California, product, unfortunately so, because no, pro duct should be entirely judged on one year's output. On the whole, the California crop, from year to year, Is very high grade, and is well handled. But there is no question about the superiority of the Oregon walnut to anything else being .offered to the trade, and there ia no question about the future market for our walnut all over the United States. The Filbert While making our trip through the big .jobbing centers. of the country we sounded the trade out on their opinion of western 111' berts. . They had never seen many, but what few they had seen, had made a very good impression. Fil berts are Imported from Spain. Sicily and Italy. The long type of nut commonly known In the mar ket aa the Long Naples, - is held in the highest esteem . by the trade. This nut has considerably the appearance of our Du Chilly,, and it brings more money on the market than the round type. The Round i Spanish Is a fav orite, and the Sicily Is well known. The European Barcelona is not liked as well as the long type, such as the Long Naples. None of the filberts I saw in the east with only one or two exceptions, were equal to the filberts we pro duce here. They, are often sent over from Italy,, ungraded, long and round types mixed together, many blanks or empty shells, large and small nuts put Into the same basket or bag. As soon as we can begin to send filberts east in carload lots, can have a high cracking test, . and hate good grade as regards color. size and variety, we are going, to find a ready market at a very sat isfactory price. In the finer stores of New .Tork and Chicago, the best graded filberts were retail ing at 0 cents a pound. We all agTe this Is too high, to give a heavy consumption, but is Indic ative of the esteem In which the nut is held, when it la properly rrown and well; marketed. There are thousands of acres of land here in- (Oregon especially adapted for the filbert. It looks to be one Of onr coming crops. There were parties this winter who asked us if. we could . not guarantee them at least half car. If we could not give them, a full car of - filberts . this coming season. It will be quite a number of vi"irs before we can get solid carloads to offer to the trade. And there Is the old-fashioned man who used to have the 'hives. Remember hlraT - CHE SEES DUTY AT HUE Vice President Says Prepar ation Needed tor Minister to. Other Nations' WHITE HO0$E iVvOPEN Congress Lauded in Lansing - Speech for Accomplish nients Recently LANSING. Mich., April 5 The high duty of a nation is -to Itself and its own people, and tore America can : minister to other nations .there must be health and prosperity at home. Vice President Coolidge declared here tonight in an address before a Republican, gathering. The first thought of ths, present' ad ministration, he adcled, Vhas beea of our own couBtryj of Our own domestic, welfare." , ., Tbe4 refusal'. tf the, - United States i to r diminish- Her sover- eljttrly by becoming a part of the treaty of Versailles and the cove nant of the league of. nations. left the nation free to determine its own relationship to other 'peo ples ana to manage its town inter nal policies, ; the vice president declared. He added that "this hat been the' great problem of the present administration." Duty Held Clear ' There has never been any doubt that this country must recognize Its necessary relationship to other nations, hesaid, but "our own people must be strong before they can strengthen ' other peoples." The White House, has been opened' to the people, and approach to the president has, riot been hin dered, Mr. Coolidge said. Com munication between congress and the . president has likewise been open, frank and inclusive, he added. There has' been no co ercion and no servility, but a strict observance of constitution al Independence, mutual regard and respect and confidence. Wdrid Influenced.' 7 ""th'e 't'rufll'is," the vice pres ident continued, "the nation' has been participating In a great lib eral movement which has been felt' around the world. It has had its -'effect alike on -our do mestic institutions and on our for eign' relations. There has been a disposition to renounce all sanctions of force and rely on (he freedom of reason. The president has presented his programs to congress. He has given his views when asked,' but neither in an at tempt to obtain legislation nor to secure the ratification of treaties I has there been any resort to pres sure. . There has been a free government.- Jurisdiction over it has been restored to the people. ' Congress Ia Praised. -If those who think the present congress lacking in accomplish msnr would cease their criticism long enough to examine the rec ord, Mr. Coolidge said, they would soon find ' they - had been misin formed. A firm foundation has been laid; for the promotion of prosperity,' he asserted, explaining that economic .freedom had- been advanced by effective removal of restraints of trade; and that also there had- been; no officious med dling, of the government in private .business. . . ; Economies, have made it pos sible, he saitL to reduce govern ment expenditures from an actual outlay of : five and a half billion for the past year 40 an estimated outlay? ot three and a half billion ror the coming year. Copy of Postoffice Bids Are Received by Erixon Fred A-- Erlxon of Salem has received copy of all the bids put in . on the Salem postoffice Buy Your and building material in Salem., anrl. keep., your money at home. We can famish all yoinr requirements e x c e p t Builders' Hardware, Conrieous treatment and prompt delireiryr : ' - -; .... ' I ' - -: v - s; i ' I - , .. . - - . - . ' - ' " " i i ! Spauldin Ca Foot Ferry Street - Lumber LofTffinf? - ap . c. ., fc! addition. The bids were opened at Washington a few days ago. There is a widev range in the pro pcrsals,mnd especially in the esti mated, cost of the driveway that was suggested as 'an alternate bid. r ,y ? Eight bids were put In, as fol low:, ' Carter GisseL BatMAem. Pa.. mafiTbld $11,434; alternate hid, wtfbijjt drlvewny, $8 less. - George E. "Wright, Inc.r Chi caso. $10,400; alternate bid; $1900 less. , G. Alfred Sorber, j EorUand. lltiittPalterrmte W. $175 leas, Leroy Hewlett. Salem. $14,034; alternate bid, .$1983 ; less. j De Vault & Dietrich. Canton, Ohio, $13,832; alternate x bid, $200 less,' v-r-. The Johnson . Construction Co., Fargo, N D., $13,7; alternate, $200 less. Fred A. Erlxon, Salem, $9110; alternate; $1357 less, Charles A. Bilderback, Eugene, $8000; alternate,, $330 less. - No word has-been received as to. how soon the work will be begun, though Postmaster Huck eeteln sas4 bat; the contractors might be showing' up to begin construction ialmpst any. Uy.- It would probably- take' a few days to fix up all the bonds and get the building; material assembled; The contract called' for finishing the building within 90 days after the beginning. Eyesight, Specialists MORRIS OPTICAL CO. : Salem Bank of Commerce Building ' F;5aleiaOregoii A call today may save need less pain and sulfef lag in the future. . Oregon pulp, s Paper co Paper A.C.BoHrrisiedi Realtor Life,. Fifevi Health, Acci dent, Auto and Indemnity Insurance. ' . Bonds ' and Blortgages, City Building - Loans, 407 Uasonle Bldg j 8alem. Or, OUR TREES Carefully Grown Carefully Selected t Carefully Packed Win Give Satisfaction to the Planter, ! SALEM NURSERY COMPANY i 428 Oregon Building phone ma i ? Additional Salesmen Wanted. Peerles&Bakery v.BwaA.i,. Try Oar Dooghnats 20c 10 North Commercial St, ' ... .. . . . ' Webbii&dough Vttiiiz toieraf ' Expert Ernibalmer . -i . Cor, Court and; High St. 4- . Phone 110 iSilverton Foundry Co. Iron and Brass Castings SawmHi and LognrLn? Re pairs, Hop; and Fruit : Stores, Castincs c of aO - kinds; ' i , SILVERTON. ; OREGON -s . Fhone Qreen ft, 260 North Hirh Street Boost This Community hy Adver tising on the Pep and Progress s" . . Pages , , . 1 Statesman Classified Ads. Cost Little But i 'Pnrnaoe for I1 yow boiae Buy the Ore. wt goi Made. W iWi R0SEBRAUGH i j1 - a. - : i i T i . i Foundry and Machine Shop 17 th and Oak Sts Salem. Or. : '' rv ifaona as -v x r-: L -J r SALEM TILE & HERCITILE COi iy, 'i .Brick buading tile,' clrawir"4iler V - r l;.Phon 917 - Spcdaldei Try our pasteurized milk ' and' cream Phone'725 nmhnTURECa "StZMp-X.'-, Ckxnnerclal' Street rttftBe 1050 it USE . u BUTTERCUP BUTTER !i apital dry Cooperatiye 1 Creanery 137 a .Cmi z. Phoned 'Our. Idea: Our Method! The Best Paly.:rt CohoperaUon ' Dried Frait Pidceti 221S?ffiffh"Saiem,Ori Alwayi b thecarketfor S .dried fnab of all kxn'fii THE CAPITAL ; BARGAIN HOUSE 'Bays and ScIU AnytHlng ' tM ; Assodatod with - i J f CAPITA TiiniK ' t . ! r . COIIPAIIY.,'; ' til Center EC Phone St t Pii Phone 19C5 . The Larxestj ascl Host Complete Hostelry In Ore Son Out t of Portland :'' 4, " -" nicRi tUIULU SEDAII; h v-iJ.-iitt-t 114$ 8. Com! JSjPhone 41$ Bonesteele v-'JiTCJIfitLi...-, Big crowds will, gather rouad. about To see flames take your home. Bat when yonr loss is fltared out Tou; stand tt all atoae." -'ti -:. , r. .i The Journa) ot Commerce) atatlstlca show. the fonowlBg fire losses 4a Am erica f on July If 1 . ' l20.lt9.C60 1 tor July, ixo $ia.asa.sss... , . w , ; BuU4r of HoUow JUe and ' said ' pre- TWt tWl Ut. ' ;. . h.l Jblm,'On.: . i Crowds Always THE PEOPLE'S' CASH STORE , '-- v - SALE!. OREGOir - -" - "SIBLOGO? - E . . wa. m a m m 4 1. . . u ,: Ana imt i : , v r - Send "for dreular SilvetiowBl& P SILVERTON, OREGON W.T;'Rigdoh& Son ..-, ' r- ' . . . : . . Progressive Funeral Dircctcn SALEM.? dtaUiaan Adrerbstrs ";(f4 -sJ. V I i i Consequently Their Dnt- PROGRESS r v THE ' ' ' BOY SCOUTS deserre the strpport of - eTeryone irho wishcj . V i to inculcate high prin- V V cipks of manhood into I the'ycsHifcf ctfr Izzli This rrsce IraU'frr'l-y