1
TIIE OREGON STATESMAN. SALEM, OREGON
THURSDAY MORNING, APRIL 14, 1021
3
Bokhara, Bread Cast Upon the Waters, Returns After Many Days to Become Pas
turefor the Busy Bees that Pollinatethe Blossoms and Make Certain the Fruit Crops
BOKHARA
BREAD
WATERS RETURNED
It Is a Far Cry From the! Khanate of Central Asia to
Brown's Island, But All the Long Way Came the
Seed Which Makes a Plant That Every Fruit Man
Should Grow for His Busy Bees To Pollenize His
. Blossoms. 4
It Is fr try from Hokharo.l
Russian Asia, to Brown's island
but all the way from that khanat?
that paid tribute to the murdeiied
cxar, prabr-.bly through many gen
erations and. by the way of mafciy
land, there came, some ten yers
ago to Brown's island soft
clover seed. It came floating fin
the water of the Willamette rivf r.
tt was the veritable bread that
was cast upon the water that re
turned after many days; and tbbt
was no doubt the Bible simile, de
ferring to aeed sown in Egypt in
the rising spring freshet waters bf
the Nile. I
, Anr way, Mark Savage, who hns
a fine farm on Hrown's is
land, about three miles up tic
Willamette river from Salem,
about ten years ago found clover
growing on his land. It had no
doubt sprung up from seed that
bad floated down from up the val
ley when the river was high; is
a part of the Savage farm is over
flowed every winter.
...Mr. Savage has ever since that
time been raising this clover,
from the original start that came
to him on the winter's flood, like
manna rained on the followers of
Moses as they were led from the
land of Egypt through the desert
to the promised land.
It Is a Great Fowl
Mr. Savage finds this Hokhar.
t Sweet, or Honey, or White
clover fine for pasture. It is a
great (or bee pasture, with its
White blossoms that furnish the
little workers with great loads of
weetnes to carry away to their
populous wing-lit hive cities. !
t' Mr. Savage says this Bokhara
clover furnishes him the finest
tew feed of anything he can grow;.
It yields great crops; greater than
alfalfa. (At first he thought It
was alfalfa.) It is better feed for
milk cows than alfalfa because it
does not bloat the animals like al
falfa. The Bokhara clover grows as
.high as a man's head on the
Urown's island farm of Mr. Sav.
Age. He thinks it is as good or
better for the land than airalfa,
ecause'it has a gTeat root system,
with all the nodules and all the
other characteristics of the mem
bers of the legume family.
,7" Bokhara Booster
(Harley 0. White, of Salem.
Oregon. Is one ot the best posted
men la this section on clovers and
clover seeds. He is a member of
CLUB FOR ME
1 AGRICULTURAL
There is Ho Leguminous Crop Which Gives as Good
i Return to the Acre and at the Same Time Contributes
As Much to the Upbuilding of the Soil in Western
; Oregon.
' -
(The following is Circular 77
ot the Oregon Argicultural college
extension service on "Clover for
Western Oregon," the author be
ta f George R. Hyslop, professor
of farm crops:)
There Is no leguminous erop
which gives as good a return per
aero in the form of hay or seed
and which at the same time con
tributes so much to "the upbuild
ing of the soil of western Oregon
a$ does .red clover or alsike clo
ver. On any soil that is reason
ably deep,, fairly mellow, and
well drained, the red clover Is
quite likely to be successful. It
does best on the soils that are
free from acid, but it is also a
tery successful erop on many
Mils that are rather sour. For
tie low. wetheavy soils, such as
tn white lands and similar heavy
and poorly drained type, the al
sike clover Is considerably bet
ter than the red.
Tue difficulty which most far
DATES OF SLOGANS IN DAILY STATESMAN
(In Twicc-a-Weck Statesman Following Day)
ioganberries. Oct. 7.
Prunes, Oct. 14.
Dairying, Oct, 21.
flax. Oct. 28.
filberts Nov. 4.
alnsts, Nov. 11.
Strawberries, Nov. 18.
PPle, Not. 25.
f aspberrles. Dec. 2.
at, Dec. .
Great tows, Dec. 1.
Blackberries, Dec. 23.
Merries, Dec. 30.
Vjears, Jan. 6. 1921.
ywseDerrles. and Currants, Jan.
11
vorn, Jan. 20.
lery, Jan. 27.
Spinach, Feb. 3.
Onions, Feb. 10.
Potatoes, Feb. 17.
Bees, Feb. 24.
Mining. March 3.
Goats, March 10.
Beans, March 17.
Paved highways. March 24.
Broccoli. Marcr 31.
JStioa. April 7. .
Legumes. April 1 4.
Asparagus. April 21.
April 28.
CAST UPON THE
AFTER MANY
Hie firm of D. A. White & Son.
feedmen and seedmen ot Salem,
and this firm buys the great bulK
of the clover seed crop of this sec
tion. Mr. White was asked by the
Salem slogan editor to furnish
something for this edition on clov
er with especial reference to the
best clover for bee pasture. While
Mr. White is a very busy man. es
pecially at this season, he found
t'.me yesterday to comply with
this request. This ought to re
sult in the planting of Bokhara.
Sweet, or Honey clover by everv
man In this section who has an
orchard first for bee pasture,
and second for the other benefits
and uses that go with the raising
of clover. Mr. White is a consist
ent Bokhara booster, and his fa
ther, D. A. White, has tried it out
very successfully as a forage and
also as a cover crop. The follow
ing is the article furnished by
Mr. White:)
Bokhara, Swwt or Honey Clover
(Melilotua Alba)
A few years ago this was class
ed as a weed, but it is now grown
very extensively all over the Unit
ed States and Is being found to
be a very profitable crop, being
used as a forage crop and as a
bee feed.
It is undoubtedly the best of
all clovers as a bee pasture, mak
ing a rapid growth and once seed
ed stays until plowed under. . '
It is a very valuable plant for
soiling purposes. It is a legume
and Is now grown in this valley
both as a pasture crop as well as
for hop
The leaf resembles alfalfa, but
the plant is much more hardy and
will stan a mucn more paiunus
and will grow on any land.
It seems to thrive especially on
the wettest land, but does well on
high dry land.
It is a plant of Asiatic origin,
but has been grown in variou3
parts of this country for many
years.
The last few years has seen n
very large demand from all parts
of the United States ror me e.
At the present time, most of the
seed is grown in Idaho and uian
and has nrovea a very profitable
croD, as it Is an abundant yielder
and a sure crop.
Where It has not been grown
before it is advisable to Inoculate
the seed before planting, as it is
rather hard to start on land mat
has not grown clover.
COLLEBE VIEWPOlfJT
mers experience with the crop is
in gettjng it started. There are
very few farms of western Ore
gon that do not have soil that is
adapted to one or the other of
these types of clover, but in many
Cases it is rather hard to get a
stand. Clover responds well to
liberal use of barnyard manure.
This is especially Important on
land in poor physical condition,
as it makes successful starting of
the crop more easy. Where barn
yard manure Is not available, the
plowing in of green manure gets
good results. If the fertility of
the soil Is poor, an application of
23 to 30 pounds per acre of land
plaster early in March, either be
fore or after seeding, is a great
help. In sections or the state
where clover has not been pre
viously grown. It will be well to
secure culture from the depart
ment of bacteriology of the Ore-
Drug garden, 3lay 5.
Sugar beets. May 12.
Sorghum. May 19.
Cabbage. May 26.
Poultry and Pet Stock, June 2.
Land. June 9.
Dehydration. June 18.
Hops. June 23.
Wholesale and Jobbing. June
30.
Cucumbers, July 7.
Hogs, July 14.
Cltv Beautiful, flowers
and
bulbs. July 21.
Schools, July 28.
Sheep, Aug. 4.
National Advertising, Aug. 11.
Seeds, Aug. 18.
livestock. Aug. 25.
Automotive Industry. Sept. l.
Oraln and Grain Products,
Sept. R.
Manufacturing. Sept. 15.
Woodworking and other things,
Sept. 22.
Taper Mill. Sept. 29.
(Back copies of Salem Slogan
editions of The Dally Oregon
Statesman are on hand. They are
for sale at 10c each, mailed to
any address.)-
S
FliJ OREGON. FROM
gon Agricultural college and .in
oculate the clover seed.
The methods for seeding red
clover and alsike clover are iden
tical, except that different quan
tities of seed are used. Twelve
pounds of red clover seed is usu
ally sown per acre, and eight
pounds of the alsike seed is ordi
narily used. The following meth
ods have been repeatedly tried
out with success:
First: On well drained hill
lands that are not heaved by
freezing and thawing, clover may
be seeded at the same time that
fall wheat. oats, or barley is
planted. The method used is to
broadcast the seed ahead of the
grain drill either by hand or
from the small seed box attach
ment to the grain drill. The fur
row openers of the drill serve to
cover the seed. In other cases,
it is simply broadcasted after the
drilling is done and the fall rains
are depended upon to beat it into
the soil. This method is often
unsuccessful because of periods
of freezing and thawing which
heave the small clover plants en
tirely out of the soil. However,
there is always an opportunity to
reseed in th! sprfng.
Second: Clover 1s frequently
seeded on fall wheat, oats, barley
or oats and vetch, from the mid
dle to the latter part of Febru
ary, by simply broadcasting the
seed over the grain or vetch field
whenever the soil is in the proper
condition. In case the surface is
lightly frozen, the seed may be
simply broadcasted on the frozen
land and the thawing will serve
to get it sufficiently covered for
germination. If the land is dry
enough for cultivation, the clo'ver
seed should be broadcasted and
harrowed in lightly. This will
not only cover the seed but will
be beneficial to the cereal crop.
It. many cases, however. It i3 In
advisable to harrow the vetch.
In ease the spring growth of the.
cereal or vetch begins. It Is neces
sary to get the clover seeded as
promptly as possible, even though
the field be somewhat soft and
no harrowing is possible. In such
case, the rain usually beats in
enough of the seed to secure a
stand. The seeding must take
place by the last week in Febru
ary or very early in March.' be
fore the spring growth begins,
lest the cereal smother out the
clover.
Third: Clover is frequently
seeded with various types of early
SWEET CLUVEH IS A VERY GDI
CHOP FOR PL1T fl FDR SEED
And It Is One Of the Crops That Ought To Be and Must
Be Raised More Extensively to Furnish Bee Pasture
For the Workers Necessary to Pollenize the . Fruit
Blossoms.
(Following is Circular 78, on
"Sweet Clover," by the Oregon
Agricultural College Extension
service, the author being G. It.
Hyslop, professor of farm crops:)
There are two types of sweet
clover known as the "white blos
som" and the "yellow blossom."
The former Is more extensively
grown as it is biennial in its hab
it and is one of the better produc
ers of food for livestock. The yel
low blossomed sweet clover may
he divided ntotwo types the
large biennial type and the small
annual type. The large biennial
sweet clover is somewhat shorter
than the white blossom type and
is mere, spreading in its habit of
growth, and is more likely to be
come a pest in the meadows. The
small yellow is an annual type and
Is not as productive as the large
white blossoms, type of sweet
clover so that where the latter
does well, it is distinctly .best.
Sweet clover is In many cases con
sidered a weed and a pest. How
ever, there are places in which It
is distinctly valuable. It is more
nutritious than is alfalfa or the
ither of the good leguminous
plants and it is not as palatable.
It contains an organic compound
called Coumarin, which gives a
distinctly strong flavor which is
objectionable to most stock. It is
often necessary to starve them to
eating weet clover. After they
become accustomed to it. they like
it and thrive upon it. Where peas.
vetch, clover or alfalfa are suc
cessful, it is inadvisable to grow
sweet clover, but on badly run
down soils where other letumes
cannot be grown, oftentimes sweet
clover will start more readily and
may be utilized for feed or in get
ting the soil into condition to pro
dace alfalfa or some other legumi
nous crop. If the soil is thih.
rocky, scab land, or somewhat al
kaline or otherwise poor, often
sweet clover may be grown with
success as a hay or pasture plant.
It responds to Inoculation as does
alfalfa. v
Seed of sweet clover Ts often
hard and germinates poorly.
Three types are available: (1)
Scarified or scratched. f2) hulled,
and (3 unhulled, and usually
germinate in the order mentioned.
A germination and purity test
should always be made at the seed
testing labratory.
The sweet clover should be
planted at 15 pounds per acre. If
a full stand is desired, especially
if it is to be ueed for pasturing
purposes. If the germination
falls much below 80 or 85 per
cent, it is necessary to increase
the amount. For pasture on thin
laud, five to eisht pounds per acre
are broadcasted in February.
March or April. On good land
seeding usually lakes place In
April or very early in May and
may be done by either broadcast
ing or drilling on a good seed
pprlriK grain, in March or April.
1'sually spring oat pr spring
wheat is seeded at this time, and j
the clover is broadcastsd ahead .
of the drill. This method is very
satisfactory with both, wheat and
oats if the seeding takes place
early. In case the seeding is de
layed until a somewhat later
period, it is better to use method
No. 4.
Fourth: This method consists
of sowing with barley, usually
some time in April, in the same
manner as is done with oats un
der method No. 3. However, if
your soil is likely to dry out and
it is getting somewhat late in the
season, it is best to use beardless
barley, as this offers less com-j
petition to the clover. ;
Fifth: This method is adapted
to a farm where a considerable
amount of sheep or hog pasture
is needed. It consists of broad
casting about five pounds of rape
together with the clover seed
over the field about the middle
to the latter part of April and
harrowing it in lightly. In from
sis to eight weeks the rape is bis
enough to be pastured off, and.
if the land is dry enough, sheep
or hops can be turned on and tiny
will keep the rape pastured down
but. unless excessively close pas
turing is allowed. will do no
damage to the clover plants. Hogs
of course should be ringed to
prevent rooting.
Sixth: In case the land is in
very poor physical condition or
i3 badly infested with weeds, it
may be necessary to sew the
clover alone. Following out this
method, the land should be man
ured if possible, plowed ?arly in
the spring and kept well culti
vated in order to maintain a good
mulch and to keep the weeds
down until seeding time, which
is about April 20 to May 10. The
seed is drilled in about one inch
If suitable machinery is available
for sowing at this depth. Great
care must be taken to avoid sow
ing too deeply. In case the drill
I not used, it is best to broad
cast the seed and harrow it In
lightly.
These methods are all success
fully used in getting stands of
red clover under western Oregon
conditions, and of them, I pre
fer the second, fourth and sixth
methods for general farm con
ditions, but in case of need for
livestock pasture, the fifth is a
good method.
bed. Under Ordinary conditnons to
which sweet clover is adapted,
broadcasting is done. Where pos
sible, it should be harrowed in.
Sweet clover is best as a pasture
plant and must be kept pastured
back closely, otherwise it will get
too coarse and woody. It may be
pastured in the latter part of the
first season and the early part of
the second season. As a hay
plant, it is less valuable ow.ng to
(1) its coarseness of stalk, (2)
its succulence and the difficulty
ot curing it, and (3) the ease with
which its leaves are lost. For hay
it is cut before it begins to branch
and come into bloom. It should
be cut high so a second growth
will take place.
Sweet clover is used as a sum
mer soiling crop and should be
cut high. When somewhat coarse,
it is cut into the silo and is said
to make rather good sheep and
cattle feed.
For some time the seed industry
especially for white sweet cjoiter
has been a good one, anid" com
bines well with pasturing. The
paetur.ng may be carried on until
the crop begins to develop its
stems and branches and then the
seed crop may be allowed to de
velop. It is. usually cut with a self
rake reaper and is thrashed with
an ordinary clover huller, al
though in many cases, where such
a machine is not available, the or
dinary thresher is used.
Some have done well by strip
pins; seed of wild plants along
rondsides and ditches by hand or
with comblike strippers.
Sweet clover sells from 10 to
15 cents per pound up to. in some
cases, as high as 30 or 85 rents.
For seed production the stand
should be thin. It yields from 500
to 1000 pounds of seed per acre.
To kill sweet clover cut when
just past full bloom. Use of culti
vated crops is also good. If sweet
clover goes to seed on the land,
usually it keeps the place pretty
well re-seeded and in the pres
ence of a large quantity of hard
seed which are plowed under there
may be some sweet clover develop
ing year after year as the soil is
turned up.
There Is a good market for the
seed of this plant, hut the final or
ultimate use to which the sweet
clover will be put after the boom
and experimental period is over
will In all probability be for pas
turing on many lands too thin or
too dry to produre other crops:
also it wiH be valuable for green
manuring purposes, on certain
fields on which it is difficult to
start alfalfa or some other of the
letter legume. Sweet clover is an
excellent forage plant on soils too
alkaline for alfalfa and may be
uscl for hay if a better plant can
not be icrown.
Sweet clover offers most prom-
(Continued on page 7) , ' PmmmmmmmKmammmmmmmmmmmmm
If AND WHAT IS 1
QUESTION
SKE
i
They Are the Only Family of the Vegetable Kingdom
Capable of Taking Nitrogen From the Air and Mak
ing it Into Nitrates, Thus Renewing and Adding to the
Fertility of the Soil.
(The following on "What and
Why is a Legume?" is furnished
by the current weekly circular of
the National Garden Bureau):
Modern gardening literature
has a great1 deal to say about
fertilizing by legumes and the
advisability of planting legumes
so that they appear from time to '
time in every portion cf the gar-1
den Just what is a legume? I
A legume, strictly speaking, isj
a seed pod of certain orju. The;
pea and bean produce them? The
pea, the bean, the clovers, and!
many other plants belong to a!
family known as the pulse fam- j
ily and one of their character
istics is that they bear vheir
seeds in legumes, so the term le-
gume is applied to any member!
of the family. The wistaria and!
the white locust tree are legumes.
So is the sweet pea and the white'
clover. They all have butterfly!
shaped or two-winged flowers. j
Hut the remarkable thing about j
the legume is that it has alwsy'sj
possessed a secret fof which scien-!
tistjs have striven for years and I
which only to some degree was
ALFALFA IN WESTERN OREGON IS
ALL RIGHT ON SOME OF OUR SOILS
' j
In the Willamette Valley It Is Successfully Grown in the
Warm and Well Drained Sandy ind Gravelly Loams
Clover is Better, However, on Most of Our Soils.
(The following is the part of
Circular 59 of Oregon Agricultu
:al college on "Alfalfa" under
the heading of "Alfalfa in West
ern Oregon." the author of the
circular being G. R. Hyslop. pro
fessor of furm crops, and the date
being July. 1917: )
Alfalfa is one of our oldest cul
tivated crops. It is thought to
have originated in western Asia.
From there it was carried to
Greece, then to Rome, and from
mm m
i jfif .
mm -
T?h'"')"'"'-c-'JftS&Siraaaiiiiatiijii,atiiiriniiiiaiiwi ( lur numxntum m iiiwmm. too
LEGUME? IS A
ALSO
BED
discovered during the war under
stress of dire necessity, that of
taking nitrogen from the air and
making it into nitrates.
Kach legume is a miniature
nitrate factory, and it does its
work secretly and underground.
It is the only family of plants
possessing this characteristic.
Pull up a pea or bean, or dig
up a clover and look at the roots.
You will find them covered with
little knots or bumps which the
botanists call nodules. These
are the nitrate factories. They
are caused by small organism, a
bacteria or bacteroid. which has
the faculty of grabbing the nitro
gen, and storing it. Where a
legume? grows, some of these
nitrogen gathering bacteria are
left in the soil. It is now possible
to inoculate the soil with them
through cultures very cheaply
procurable at seed stores.
Plowing under the leguraes is
now recognized as a scientific way
of manuring. The dying roots
filled wftii nitrates provide the
nitrogen in' proper form for the
plants besides adding to the tex
ture of the soil.
there to Spain atid probably to
northwist Kurope. In Kurope
and in certain parts of the United
States it is called lucerne. . It was
introduced by Spaniards Into
western America, and later into
California, and finding very fav
orable conditions there, it became
established -and is recognized as
the best forage rop. It has since
been exploited throughout practi
cally every state of tbp union. and
li. numerous Instances la making
a successful crop. Where alfalfa
h successful no othor forage cro?
els it. j';
The so!!? best suited to alfalfa
:ue the mellow types, well fierat
!il and sweet, but lie crop does
well on all soils that are'; dep.
well di ained and ieet. It will
not reach its best ' development
in a shallow foil; it will not do
at all well in an acid soil, and it
is a failure on poorly drained
lands. The best soit is the sandy
learn, six or more fWt in depth,
which is warm and which can be
well watered. At least six ; feet
of soil is needed l!or the (deep
rooting system. These roots fre
quently go ten feet or more; and
30 to 40 feet is not uncommon.
Alfalfa will not penetrate bed
rock, but it does make itsjjway
through the softer bard pans and
layers of clay. AlfaVtfa does best
on soils well supplied with hu
mus. I. will not livte when j cov
eied wih stagnant Wat?r, or even
where the standing water is Very
close to the surface; :of ' the ttoil.
However, alfalfa on bottom land
may be Inundated foil 'several days
With moving ' water while;,, the
plants are still dormant and, will
emerge uninjured. jAlfalfa roots
some time clog tile; drains, but
only where waTer runs through
during most of the growing sea
son. -
It is often necessary to Jnbcu
late the land for alfalfa in west
ern Oregon or in sections where
it is not commonly rown. ijf
Alfalfa in Western Oregon.
Alfalfa is a succession the deep,
well drained and swept soils pre
vailing in many of the valleys, of
Jackson, Josephine dind Douglafe
LOWER
h hi
Seed Prices
Our resources a FIRST HAND GROWERS blM mm
to again cSfer our cholc strains of Vegetable SWl at
Pre-War Prices. All the popular LUIy quality
are listed in our 1921 Seed
BEET
CA3B4GE
CARROT
CELEftY
CUCUMBER
LETTS' CE
MELON
Fackft
SPECIALS
Our VaretabU Sed NovaltlM
retpactiw ciais i ml AunL w rc.KrcA.iivn. ace
catalog for fult description of thea grsal tele tl ana.
Far packet, 10 CENTS, Pantpala
ubitc .our tooy oi UU 'a 1 21 iMj) Awraal Urn. 30.
TODAY fraa booklet "Cardana of
Tear
1 1. -
A ReCreation
for "Oldhtmes" Sake
CoLUMBIAHa name rcmlnlscci?fA
of the cool, refreshing beverage of
the good old idays memories of
a famous Portland product.
8 irfii . .,
Rve years of quiet, careful exper
imenting. And finally a drink so
good, so like the old Columbia
that we do not hesitate to give to
it the good old name.
Order a bottle or aj case of the
new ColumbiaJ We know youH
like it. !i
Convince yoandfl
Ask for.Columbia
HENRY WELNHARD PLANT
EftabUt4 1861
PORTLAND, OREGON
Important to DitHmWt offer tat Brnlred
time sa attractive proposition for the tdnni
latioa of buineM. You will be Interested.
write tot psTfkulars.'
counties. It Is rather' successful
on the farm, well drained sandy
and gravelly loams of the Wil
lamette valley river bottoms, on
th? average medium leavy rsoll
of the Willamette valley, It Is .
not H successful as clover. Fol
lowing are reasons: 1
1. Alfalfa Is frequently Injur-5
ed during the winter, i It seems
to be only semi-dormant and. dur--lug
the mild wet season is often
attacked by disease. I .
2. Many Willamette alley soils
are too wet.
Most Willamette yalley soils '
are sour and limestone lor cor
iectlng acidity is too : expensive
for economical application. . i ;
4. It is established with great
er difficulty than clover on aver
age SOil3. 1 '
:. ,Ve frequently have . bad
weather when the first crop la'
ready in May or early June for,
hay. ; -
6. Grasses and weeds grow dur- ;
ing the winter while the crop Is
dormant. 1 . '
Alfalfa is npre easily c tar ted
on the mellow soils well supplied
with organic matter. It Is often -hard
to start on soils In, poor
physical condition and low in hu
mus. -1 " '-.
Land for alfalfa should- usu
ally be manured with well rotted:
manure at 10 to 15 loads per
acre. This should be disked , in
thoroughly and plowed ! under in
the fall or very early fn t,he Spring.
As soon as dry in the spring- it
should be worked down! and must
be kept harrowed frequently to
maintain a mulch and! to kill
(Continued on pas 71
' : fr
for 1921
AsvaoaJ, at
ONION
RADISH
SPINACH
SQUASH
TOMATO
TURNIP
JtUTABAOA
Pet-
FOR 1$21
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THE CHAS. H. LILLY CO.
SEATTLE - PORTLAND
Dealer Carrie LflSy Seed.
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