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About The Oregon statesman. (Salem, Or.) 1916-1980 | View Entire Issue (Nov. 11, 1920)
THE OREGON STATESMAN. SALEM. OREGON. THURSDAY MORNING. NOVEMBER It; 1020 It Should Be Made an Qffense Ag to Maintain Other than frahquette or Mayette Walnut Tree for the Good of Our Coming Industry WE VILL SOON SEE THE DAY OF CAR LOT WALNUT SHIPMENTS Iht i the Prediction of Knight Pearcy,; Who Believes the Salem District Has a Big Future in the Cultivation : of Walnut Trees Recommends Grafter Trees (Tne following was written by Knight Pearcy, former secretarf of the Western Walnut ass elation, who for the last sev rt years has been dTeP iut Skyline orchards, a 200 tere walnut and ' prune prop erty in the Liberty district. ?earey with his brttrs. all Ore con Agricultural college gradu-j ales, who hare had a wide o r-f charding experience, last ear organized a business in Sa'em af -Pearcy Bros., in contracting the planting and care of orchards, renovating orchards that are not paying, and selling fruit, nut and berry properties: ) The past winter, when the tem wrature dropped as low as 20 de cree, below xero in parts of the ' 'alley caused considerable Injury to many of onr walnut plantings. This injury is much more notice able in some sections than in oth- . ers and more so in 8om orchards than in others. A visitor driving through-certain sections of the valley would conclude from his observations that the walnut in dnitrv had been wiped out, while driTlng through other sections be will see the trees neavy wun crop. There is very tittle injury evi dent in most of the bill orchards. Where injury is found in these orchards it vill usually be found that the trees injured are in low vitality from too close planting, poor drainage.- lack of cultiva tion or from other causes. There is an orchard at Salem Heights that bore a crop this year that weighted downthe limbs of many rees to the danger point. There are many other plantings that can be! mentioned that pro duced heavily this year, enduring the intense cold of lest December without even a perceptible loss of crop. While the bill orchards were In jrfred' little or not at all some of the bottom land orchards likewise escaped serious injury. The writer 'recently bad occasion to examine a four year old nut or chard near Wheatland and found that 75 per cent of the trees had not suffered except for tip injnry. The' trunks and main limbs weT not injured. . Other orchards a few 'miles a way In somewhat simi lar locations were froren to the mow line. Why some of the plantings es- ' - . . , J . 1 I w. capea serious injury ana owi very similar locations suffered vratly Is often hard to explain. Soma sections of our bottom lands seem ts be more subject to frost thn othet. Som of our peach orchards north of -town produce regular crops while others aTe very frennentlr. frosted. The same condition will probably be found to be true-with the walnut, and it to rervnfobable that some of those plantings that got by in good shape are a Ittle better pro tected from some cause. The injury of the past winter alone should not be enough to cause ns to abandon the planting of walnut orchards out of the hill sections, as there is a .very good -chance that .e will never aula we such a low temperature here-especially in -early Decem ber before the Jxees are complete ly dormant. . However, It has long been no ticed that the low land walnut trees are much mors often hit by lat. spring and- early .fall frosts than are the well located hill or rolling land plantings. This lia bility to. frost injuty should not result in a complete cessation of planting in the lower lands, but it should cause a grower to think deeply before putting- his all into a walnut -planting in such loca tions. The Talley and river bottoms will grow larger 'trees and will oring tnem to a good bearing size berore the hill Orchard locations can be brought into an equal con dition,' and when not injured by frost will usually bear more nuts than the hill orchards of equal age. Whereas in the hills we would plant walnuts SO or 60 feet apart with fillers between the trees at the rate of three fillers to each walnut tree, in the loca tions more subject to frost we would plant the walnuts Pioni i5 to 100 feet apart and with eight to 13 fillers to each walnut tree. Part of these fillers would al ways remain in the orchard so as to give two crops on the same ground. The walnuts would be shaded little by the smaller filler trees and would !bear more per trea. whenever theYe was a crop, than In a solid planting of wal nuts and the grower would always have the filler crop to fall back on in case of a -frost injury. - - We would not abandon the val ley and bottom locations for wal nut growing, but we would pro tect ourselves by a two crop plant ing as above suggested. The Best Fillers The prune, the filbert and the sour cherry make the best fillers for a walnut orchard. All of these trees begin bearing at an earlier age t nan does the walnut ana win cause the orchard to be a com mercial success before the first crop of walnuts is harvested. These varieties do not develop large trees, so make better fillers than. does the apple' or sweet cherry. - : ; We often hear people say that the walnut does not need cultlva tion when It grows to be a little older. v This is a fallacy. There is not an orchard in the Willamette valley not well culti vated that is producing the crop that it would produce were It wen cared for, and it fs these uncared for. tree that are the -first to no tice any unfavorable climatic con ditton, such as low temperatures or drouth. .-:,-.. r Grafted Trees Best Many people are confused on the. question of sedlmgs and gran ed trees. All the grafted trees originally came from a sfednnp tree. The only way to maintain the characters of a desirable seed ling is let tropogate it by grafting or budding. If one undertakes to grow new trees from the seeds of a desirable tree he will have poor success, as every tree will differ in some respect from eveTy other tfree rrowine from the seeds of that particular tree, but by graft ing scions of this tree on other trees we can obtain trees that will resemble the parnt tree In, very particular. i Many seedling orchards are vleldine verv attractive returns but the grafted trees due to their uniformity yield mtfch better re turns. The walnut, when from good grafted stock and when well cared for, will begin to produce eood crops the eighth, ninth or ttnth year generally. . - We know of one nine-vea'r-old grafted orchard that averaged 23 pounds per tree and of a 10-year-old orchard that produced $1000 worth of nuts and $2000 worth of peaches from its fillers on a seven-acre tract. vV Many of our old Orchards f are yielding a thousand pounds per acre, and we have every reason to believe that by the time our graft ed orchards are 13 or 20 years old we will often find yields of a ton per acre. Such is the case in California, where the seedling orchards yield about the same as do our seed lings, and they have many grafted orchards that have gone much' bet ter than a ton per acre.S The walnut has suffered some injury by the late freeze, but its culture will be continued even in the valley and bottom locations. In the hills there is no crop that offers more attractive possibilities, where proper location is first se cured. We will soon see the day when Oregon nuts are rolling In car lots. MORE WALNUTS VILL BRING MORE WEALTH TO THIS VALLEY The Oregon Franquette and Mayette Walnuts Are Bound to Come to the Front in the World's Markets as the Choicest and Best Walnuts Grown Will Increase in Value Every Year the sell made very firm about theUween the company and the sUte! payment of $ZQQ9 at the rate of Ja compromise the com pa ay agreed (The following article was wriU ten in the early part of this year by Jesse Huber, the well known farmer and writer of the Salem district:) The English walnut' has, by universal consent, been crowned king of the nut family and regally does it bear the crown. We have three states only in which the English walnut is grown commercially. California, with her 50,000 acres af walnut orchards, sends around 25,000,- 000 pounds of nuts each year into our markets, i ,- , . Oregon has 8000 acres of or chards, much of which is still be low bearing age. These trees yielded 200,000 pounds in 1918. . The state of Washington Is credited with 325 acres of these nut trees. Yamhill county leads all other Oregon counties in walnut orch ards. There, are 4000 acres in that county. Marion steps alone; with 1000 acres, as well as a very large number of individual trees in family orchards on the farms and located en city lots. In Salem are found walnut trees a quarter century old, wide spreading, symmetrical in form beautiful as an ornamental tree and useful in their annual crop of nuts. It Is now definitely - demon st ratea mat walnut culture on a commercial scale in western Ore gon may be made a paying propo sition. , . To insure success, however, all the requirements which expert ence has demonstrated to be ne cessary in establishing a profit able walnut orchard must be care fully met. The indifferent treat ment of even one-of these fs cer tain to modify the results which might be expected. Location is of prime Impor tance. The site selected for the trees should be on deep, fertile loam. It must be well drained In the eastern states the black walnut is not found on ridges where the soil Is shallow. Nature establishes these trees only on the best soil. Nearly all of the large walnut trees In the Ohio river basin are anchored in the rich alluvial loam along the streams. In the Willamette valley this same: demonstration worked out by nature also applies in growing the English walnut tree. But there is one consideration which has caused some planters to seek locations for their trees on elevated sites so as to avoid possible frosts when" the trees are in bloom. It Is yet too early to state defi nitely what are the most desir able locations under Willamette valley conditions when all factors of influence are taken Into ac count. Luther Burbank once was cred ited with the published statement that there is but one way to start a walnut orchard for best results. end that is to plant three or four black walnut seed where you want your tree to stand. At the end of the second year the strongest of these seedlings should be grafted to English wal nuts with scions taken from a tree known to bear full yields of huts standard In quality and size. The remaining seedlings should hen be removed. The variety recommended for lanting in the Willamette valley s tne Kranquette with a limited umber of Mayette trees stationed through the orchard to serve as loots. t A to what kind of walnut stock to pUnt. I would simply say. don't punt seedlings unless you propose to graft them to standard varieties later. If I were planting now and could buy good Oregon rrown trees, grafted on California black, t $1 to $1.25 per tree, I should certainly choose such treets in preference to any others. But If I could not get such trees I would plant good sturdy seedlings of California black, ' and ' top graft them later. : h's top grafting may 'di-ae fr ya$ after le se ir.g i t J In the orcha-t or it may be delayed until the fifth or sixth year. In case It Is done the second year, the main trunk of the reedling should be grafted at i point to 12 Inches above the crown; yhould the graft ing be delayed until the later date mentioned, the seedling should be developed into the permanent form of the tree, and five tr six of the main branches of this tree should be grafted at a distance of five-to six feet from the ground. , As to the most desirable and profitable varieties of walnuts to plant in this section, there is now IV tie question that the Voorman Frauquette leads all other varie ties.' We still adhere to the Swiss Mayette as one of the best to plant with Vrooman, although it suf fered more than the latter variety from the freeze of last December. Mr. Blake of West Kelser. found the Parlssene much the hardier of all varieties growing on his place, and as it is productive and of extra fine quality. It Is 'worth planting, though not large In size. There are many fanners and city dwellers who. while not desiring to go Into the walnut business. would yet like to plant a few trees .about their grounds for ornamen tal effects as well as for the nuts they would yield. Such planters will do well always to secure good grafter Vrooman' trees from relia ble nurserymen. These trees should be carefully planted and either mulched or cultivated thor oughly for the first five or six years, after which they will do well la sad. A walnut tree is slow to start, and requires extra good care for the first three or four years after planting out. Now let us see how many of those worthless English seedlings and California blacks we can get grafted to Vroomans next spring. We did not make, much headway In Harney and Malheur rountie. I ' Pr - The whole amount Is $125,000 of I Tbe lands are 1 ! . a v. . a. w . whlrh l?5ftno ... ,t.i . .r n,CB a;wgeo me -! ago. Another S5&.000 will be paid "",v vr November 10, 1521. The payment talned fraudulently and which the was accompanied by an interest 'state sought to rvaia by suit. In l to pay the state iiz.evv xor a those title to quit claim deed to a part of the lands and screed to sell 19.0V9 acres at a price wklcn this week was fixed by the company at an averare of about I7S per acre. pollen izers The space between the trees last season, but hope to do better mould be 45 or 50 feet. After next. 15 or 20 years of growth each tree will occupy considerable space. Crowding of walnut trees In an orchard will react on the yield. . - i The unoccupied ground may be utilized by growing small fruit or vegetables for a Humber'Vf years. A very encouraging feature McmherS 01 Growers Co- aDout tne walnut industry is mat market requirements cannot be supplied at a price within reach of the average consumer. The United States imports annually about 50.000,000 pounds of Eng lish walnuts. Spain and France Id red and ninety-five pounds of WALNUT YIELD IS INCREASING operative Association Report Heavy Crops Forty-five thousand, three hun are the heaviest producers. . From China we get annually around 7,000,000 pounds of what are known commercially as Manchu rian walnuts. The Oregon grow er has, therefore, to concern htm self only with the question of growing the product and prepai ing it attractively for the mar ket by properly curing and grad ing the nuts. WALNUT ASSOCIATION WILL 1 MEET AT PORTLAND NEXT WEEK Matter of Speeding Up on Nursery Stock Will No Doubt be Taken Up Two Salem Men Scheduled to Speak i ; . Knight Pearcy, the well known specialist, says the setting out of walnut orchards would be much vore general in the Salem district if there did not exist such a short age of the best nursery stock, j The acreage In California al most doubled In the ' past five Tears, while in Oregon the nur series got behind during the war, oa account of the scarcity of com petent help, and for other reasons. It will be two or three years yet, perhaps, before our nurseries in Oregon catch' up on walnut trees of the 'right varieties. This work requires-specialists. Walnut Association Meeting The sixth annual meeting of the Western Walnut association will be held at the Chamber of Com: merce, Portland next week, the dates being the 17th and 18th. It is likely that at this meeting ef forts will be made to speed up the nnntvinr of narserr stock.1 Both Prof. C. I. Lewis and Knight Pearcy -t of Salem, are scheduled on the program for ad dresses.. every prospective walnut grower in the. Salem district ought to cut out the following article, or fue away this paper, for future refer ence. It is a letter to The States man, under 'date of November 8, 1920, by S. H. Van Trump, jcounty fruit inspector of Marion eounty: ) DATES OF SLOGANS IN DAILY STATESMAN (In Twice-avWeek Statesman Following Day) i - Loganberries, Oct. 7. Prunes, Oct. 14. Dairying, Oct 21. . Flax, Oct. 28. 'Filberts, Nor. 4.' " Walnuts, Nov. 11. Strawberries, Nov. 18. ' Apples, Nov. 25. f Raspberries. Dec. 2. . . " Mint, Dec. 9. ' - V Creat cows. Dec. 1C. Blackberries, Dec. 23. ' Cherries, Dec. 30. ; Pears. Jan. 6, 1921. ? Gooseberries. Jan. 13. 4 -Corn, Jan. 20. - Celery, Jan. 27. i Spinach. Feb. 3. f Onions. Feb. 10. . .Potatoes, Feb. 17. Bees. Feb. 24. Mining. March 2. Goats. March 9. ' Beans, March 16. ' I Pared highways, March 23. ; Broccoli, March. 30.. I f Hos, April . . legumes, April 13. , Agparagng April 20. -Crapes, April 27, ' I Drug garden. May 4. Sugar beets. May II. Sorghum, May 18. Pahhapc ,Mar 25. . - Poultry and Pet Stock, June 1. Land, June . Dehydration, June 15. Unna Jnna 22. Wholesale and Jobbing, June 29. ' , , Cncumbers. July 6. Hogs, July 13. . , City beautiful, flowers butts, July 20. f : Schools, July 27. Sheep, Aug. 3. - National Adrertlsinff, Aug, Seeds. Aug. 17. Llrestock, Aug. 24. intnmntivA Industry, Aug. .nrain and Grain Product. Sept. 7. , . irannfaMtlvJn?. SeDt. 14. Woodworking and other things, Sept. 21. d.mi Mill. Sent. 28. ( Back" cbJRes'kr Salem Slogan i.in nf The Daily Oregon Statesman are on hand. They are . in arh. mailed to ior Biiic k-vy..- yaj addressT- " . and 10. 31 GROWING A WALNUT ORCHARD IN THE RICH SALEM DISTRICT County Fruit Inspector Van Trump Tells What Kind of a Location, What Kind of Soil, What Methods and What Varieties He Would Recommend; Information From several-large orchards of English i r I walnuts, eacn or more tnan iv Long and Large Experience 1 acres, besides quite a number of maiier incu, win cum a iai bear In r within a Tear or two (Erery walnut grower and English walnuts were grown this season by members of the Oregon Growers Co-operative association. These have been washed. -almost all graded and will soon bo as sembled at the Salem. Yamhill and,Sheridan plants ready for de livery.- The grading will place on the market three sizes. Jumbo, No. and No. 2. The meat of the Ore gon walnut Is regarded by expert Xroit and nut men as superior la quality to the California crop As tbe English walnut acreage is rapidly developing in the Wil laraette and Umpqua valleys, the Oregon Growers Co-operative as sociation is working with grow ers to standardize and to have the nut properly washed, dried and graded before placed on the mar ke Reports received at the office of the Oregon Growers show that In "an article which 1 contrib- nted to the first annual report of the Western Walnut association, jl said: . " ! "Mr observation and experience during the past twelve years leads me to believe that the best sous in Marion county for the culture of the walnut are the first and sec ond; bottom lands, lying adjacent to the natural water courses -of the valley." . ' . Most walnut growers 01 mis vallev believed this view to te correct until the severe and disas trous I experience or s Decern Der. 19 iy. The extreme com 01 iasi December was fatal to very many of the walnut orchards planted on thA low lands.. and. inasmucn as walnut orchards growlng-4n the! hill sections came through In first class condition and nore gooa crops the past season, we are all now looking to these higher eleva tions as the . peramnent nome 01 the English walnut. , ' . If I were planting a walnut or chard this coming year I would endeavor to exercise great care In selecting a suitable soil and loca tion. I should prefer an elevation two to four hundred feet above the floor of the valley, with a gen tle slope in any direction that would afford good drainage for air and surface water. I should be particular about the depth and quality of the soil that it should soil without hard-pan, or Imper-i With this additional acreage, tt Is vious shale, and possessing good estimated that ths English walnut natural drainage. I this soil at the earliest possible .Treed 100.000 sounds date to a depth of 8 to 10 inches. i order properly to place this thus giving an opportunity for j4rge crop on the market to the weathering and mellowing of snr- advantage and to enable the face during winter season. Next in public to become familiar with order I would mark off my the high quality of the home pro- ground, locate the position or eaen duct, the Oregon Growers is co tree, and blast each hole at a operating wjtb owners of English depth of three feet with one-half walnut orchard, urging standard stick of powder. This work should izatioa and a proper preparation be done this fall and the holes of the walnut for the . general tnouia De leit open untu planting i maraei. time next spring. The distance to plant walnuts will vary with.fer- tiiity ot the soil, on hiii land of 5alem People Attend average rerlliity, 40 to ieet is . a v tL I V 1 sufficient distance. I should pre- fflineT AdeUielm S rnnfffll ter to plant in squares 45 feet each war with a filbert half way a number of Salem people at- between each walnut. This meth- tend the funeral of Father Adel. helm Odermatt. founder of Mount Angel college, which was htld a: ! Mount Angel yesterday. Anion those going from here were tne following: Rev. J. R. Duck. Justice George IT. Frnett. Sisters Juliana and The proper time to plant Clare Marie. Dr. Schoettle. Mr. is during, favorabmw. -'" r' n9tli In Fphrnarv and March. TS. r.n mum."m. .!. when sol, is not wet. The blastel Mr. and Mr. holes should be carefully !!"! ;"'" n r. Th F with surface soil to within 15 In- S'UniwilT iteWd! che, of tcp of ground, being par: Br Ln " u sun-1 w1 - - --- r, mm -,..,. ana ur. it. r.. od of planting will give 20 wal nuts and 0 filberts per acre, r-hlch will fully occupr the ground when they come to bearing ags. During the first three or four years beans, peas or strawberries nay be grown between the rows ot trees walnuts is during. O'Hara: tlcular to get all spaces in soil filled and firmed. In planting the tree care should be taken to prune away all injured or dis eased roots, setting the tree two to three Inches deeper than when In the nursery. Surface soli should be filled In about the roots, the sub-soil placed on top and all v K i v firm ai mnA narked . . . j m trilir made the state a pay aDout me rwi u VT ' . " V . Mrt of the young tree. In planting tne m- mem i for filberts it will not be necessary to amoont to be paid i. return for litigation be- Paafic Livestock Company Makes Payment to State The. Pacific Livestock company lire 10 toM in che'sof 0:1 bVtThe Vole, but they should be a unit claim deed tJJ, light Surface loam, and suh-ldus ot good size and dcylU audi wtre Inrolved In 7:30 TONIGHT 7:30 " Eugene Bible Unirersit Evangelists I 5 Fine Fellows 5 EVANGELIST A. TED GOODWIN . 19 year old preacher With Message for High School Students 4 Gospel Singers 4 'x NoTemher 11-14 : i" Court Street Christian Church Known as "Bungalow," Corner North 17th and Court Sts. COME SING ENJOY I BIG j i ii i I Open s FRIDAY MORNING at 9 o'clock, at The Price Shoe Co. Store Closed All Day Thursday ; Ads Showing the Tremendous Cuts in Friday's Papers. ; mm Hanao Shoes SetoySlioes Fox Pumps OflxBaxOil Beran Boots Wild Elk Bocfcr BaHBasdBoob JootApplirrej 3Z6 State.StKeiatoladatBusiBM i n si