TITE OREGOIf STATESMAN: THURSDAY, JULY 8, lSO.
mi
o i
arid
in
It Should Have Great Fields of Cucumbers, and Pickle Factories
1
i
THE CUCUMBER UNDER GLASS,
BY PR0F.A.G.B. BOUQUET OF O.A.C.
The Growing of Hot House Cucumbers and the Production
. oi the Field Varieties Are Two Distinct and Different
Professions and Processes The Varieties, Too, Are
Different
(Circular 106 of the Oregon Agri
Cultural college, under date of April,
19 IS, by Professor A. C. TJ. Bou
quet, professor of vegetable garden
ing. Ion "The Cucumber. Under
Glass.' Is as follows:)
Cucumbers grown under glass re
quire usually 65 to 75 days of
growth from seed time to the har
vesting of the first cuke, but this
time will vary according to the
(ime of th year and the tempera
ture, of the greenhouse.
Greenhouses in which to grow cu
cumbers should be wide and high
at the eaves for the most economical
handling of the crop, although in
some narrow lower houses the "A"
training may be used and some good
cukes produced. ',
" " Starting the Plant.- There are
two ways of growing; encumber
plants. First, by sowing In a plant
box and then shifting the -seedlings
to three or four inch pots (some
growers use even fire-Inch); second
ly, the seed may be sown directly In
the above sized pots and the plants
thinned to one or two plants, de
pending on the size of the pot.
Poxes suitable for starting plants are
about 3 Inches deep. 16 inches wide.
and 24 Inches long. These shOuld
be filled with nicely pulverized soil.
A soft black soil sifted, containing
a quantity of sand to keep it loose,
l best. This should be smoothed
off after It Is pushed down in the
corners and along the edges to settle
and pressed . smoothly and gently
with a mason's trowel or small board
after the aeed is planted. Water
lightly with fine spray, from sprinkl
ing can, using tepid water. Boxes
should be set perfectly level so that
seed will sprout evenly.
, The seeds willrequire very little
water to keep them moist nntfl they
sprout, and as soon as the . plants
are an inch or so high, or are be
ginning to show their true leaf, they
should be carefully picked out of
their bed and transplanted to pots,
placing them a little deeper but high
enough so that the dirt will not be
washing onto the crown in water
ing. Most growers use Inch pots.
some with the soil a,bout half an
inch from the too of the pot. The
seedlings can; be . potted ten days
from the day the seed is planted,
and the plants then remain in the
sots two and a-half to three weens.
Then they are carried to the house
where they are to grow to maturity,
knocked out of the pots and planted
In the long beds. Where two plants
are grown to a pot, no less than five
inches should be used. .
The Plant. Cucumbers, like
melons, will not do as well after
. they have been checked as they will
if ther are "kept on the Jump frond
teed time to harvest." It the leaves
are of normal size and dark green.
and the growth is rapid, the plants
should be O. K. If the leaves are
yellowish or stunted and slow to
grow, the addition of nitrate of soda
In small doses will help to right
them again. Plants should not be
allowed to get too large before be
ing set in the permanent beds or
benches. The temperature In which
the seed should be germinated and
the plants grown will be from la
to .75 degrees in the day time and
no lower than 60 or 65 degrees at
night.
Soil. It is much more economical
to handle cucumbers on solid ground
beds raised about 12 or 14 inches
above the level of the walks than to
handle these in raised benches. Cu
cumber soil should.be rich, and a
soil composed of one-third rotted
sod, one-third compost and one-third
rotted horse or cow manure. -The
soil should be-deep and well pulver
ized. and previous to setting the
plants should be raked off smoothly.
removing all coarse material.
Spacing and Training. The dis
tance between the rows and the
plants in the row will depend upon
the method of training of which
there are two kinds; the "upright'
or "erect" method. and the "invert
ed V or "A" method. Both of
these are used commercially. In
houses that are built low on the
sides upright training cannot be
used. Thus the "A" trellis will be
necessary in such houses. Growers
who train on the "A" trellis space
the rows six to eight feet' apart and
the plants a foot to 18 inches apart
in the rows. Those who train up
right set Ibe rows from three to
three and a half feet apart and the
plants two feet apart in the rows.
Yarietiesw-The White Spine or
Davis Perfect are. the two leading
varieties of forcing cucumbers. One
of the most important characters of
the variety is that it is productive
and meets the market demands as
to. size and color. Selected seed of
a good, strain will give, with proper
feeding, a nice lot or cukes mat are
of a desirable color and length.
k Watering. As soon as the plants
are-set they should be given a liberal-
supply of water. The root sys
tem of tSe plants is confined to a
email area at this time and it is
necessary that water be . available
where the- roots can get at it.
1 Cucumbers will make use of large
amounts of water, particularly dur
ing the f railing period and will surfer-
for lack of sufficient water at
any time.
Cucumber foliage seems to thrive
best when it is given an occasional
shower bath. It is best to make
such applications early. In the day
and .on bright days so-that the fol
iage will go into the night dry. If
the red spiders make their appear
ance,! water thrown with force
against the under sides of the leaves
will usually vanquish the Intruder.
Feeding. Cucumbers are rank
feeders, and on that account roust
be well supplied with available plant
food. . As a rule the application of
manure to the surface of the soil
after the cukes are planted In the
form of a mulch will help the growth
of the plant very materially and
will help to decrease the number of
small or ill-shaped cukes. The
mulch is especially valuable in pre
venting the soil from drying out
quickly, as well as supplying a con
stant amount of available nitrogen.
With an abundance of plant food
and water in the soil the watering
properly done and the ventilators
used .judiciously, little trouble should
result from cucumber diseases.
Pruning. It has been found that
it pays to prune cukes systematically
and severely. The usual plan is to
allow only one vine to develop on
each root. As soon as a lateral on
the main vine is sufficiently develop
ed to show the location of the first
fruit, it is cut off just beyond this
fruit. This first joint invariably
bears a cucumber, but if not, the
lateral Is allowed to grow several
joints which will produce no pickles.
The second and third laterals are
treated in the same way as they de
velop and this process Is continued
for the full length of the vine.
There are usually a few fruits on
the main vine. The labor of prun
ing (is) offset largely by the less
amount of tying necessary to keep
the pruned vines in position as com
pared with that on unpruned vines.
The dense growth of unpruned vines
makes, gathering the- -fruits more
difficult than when the vines are
carefully pruned and more open.
Pollination. Cucumber blossoms
can be pollinated to the greatest
amount of satisfaction and economy
by placing a hive of bees in the
house. The bees are usually put in
the house when the vines are be
ginning to show their first female
and male blossoms. The bees should
be fed with sugar and water fre
quently, - for the pollen from the
cuke flowers will not be sufficient
food. j
Shading the Hou.se. In the hot
summer months, the greenhouses
may get entirely too hot In the day
time, and a cheap and quick way to
'shade where one has quite an area
to cover Is to take air-slaked lime
which has just been slaked dry by
sprinkling . lightly . with water oc
casionally, and spraying it on with
a spray pump. Skim milk thickened
with whiting also makes a good
shading material to put on with a
brush.
If fresh, new lime is used, it will
be next to Impossible to get it off
at all . when i not needed. But lime
just' air-slaked will stick a good
while and will rub off easily.
DiftpjLse and ' Inserts. Growers
should be on the lookout for leaf
diseases. Proper management Is an
Important ractor in controlling these
troubles. Lack of ventilation and
over watering favor their spread.
Powdery mildew attacks the leaves
and is noted by the spots which are
of a brownish color and appear on
lha litv.r iHo of th Icitm "Minir-
soon show on the upper side, taking Fit the Ground Thoroughly; Use Ample Fertilizer; Plant
on a yellowish cast. If the growth i . . ' 9 '
of the disease Is not checked it will
soon cause the entire plant to be
come sickly and eventually die.
Downy mildew is caused by a par
asitic fungus and is spread by spores.
Anthracnose causes round dead
spots from one-fourth Inch to half
an inch in diameter on the leaves,
and somewhat discolored and
shrunken areas on the stems. The
disease is also caused by a fungus
and ts successfully controlled by
Bordeaux mixture
CUCUMBERS AS A CASH CROP,
AS TOLD BY MICHIGAN GROWER
Intensively Rather Than Extensively; Pick Clean The
Picking is the Biggest Problem in these Times of High
Labor Costs.
(Under date of April. 113 thai rain, wblla a. rain tinon freshlr blow.
Micnigan Agricultural College Ex- ed ground is quite likely to cause
penment Station published Circular crust to form. If seed has Just been
No. 19. under the direction of H. J. planted or if the young plants are
bustace, horticulturist, on "Cucum- lust no. anch a crust wlll.be verr ln
oers as a uasn crop." The circular Murious
was written by Walter Postlff. a I Fonrth FarW nlowtnr and fr-
Spraylng with Bordeaux Is to be graduate of 1909 of that Institution, enent harrowlnt- mtM ih nlant
advised !f any of these diseases ap- and for a number of years before and food in the soil more available and
pear. The weaker iorms should be I since that time an actual producer of I plant food must be In solution before
used and it is important mat the j cucumbers commercially. Following I plants are able to use it. The more
leaves be coated on the lower side I is the circular mentioned:) Ifinelr divided a substance is. the
as well as the upper side and appll-1 To produce cucumbers profitably J more readily will it dissolve. This
cations made weekly. demands a location near a good sized! clearly Illustrates whv a well - ore-
High temperature, accompanied I town or a salting station and where nared seed bed has advantages over
br excessive moisture or draughts I enough help to do the picking can be lumns and clods. Harrowing the soil
and sudden temperature changes secured. The crop will do well oa a Iterates it. that Is. it enables the air
should be avoided. I variety of soils. If planted on soil to enter the soil more readilr. Be-
it i..r nrullmr tarlrtiinr I that Is inclined to be light and also I sides, soil contains minute forma of
.... .v , f. I . . .... t I . " .. . .
it i customary for most growers tol"Jc"t,cul ,B me yiem may we i punt me. known as bacteria, which
other day. sometimes 'uurieaeB uuiess ram is pienuiui only thrive and multiply in the pree-
pick every
every
dar. The fruits will makeir""" oepierarer. ence or air. Tnese Bacteria are Dene-
diameter
should be fairly, uniform in length,
diameter and color. One or two
rapid growth In warm weather and 11 Planted on heavy clay, the plants ficlal Inasmuch as. they break down
must be carefully watched. Each may suffer In a wet year from the complex forms of plant life and make
rv. .hotild be cut and never pulled. BOil Incoming hard and packed, it more quickly, available for the
A good method by which to tell caused by trampln g while Ic kin g the plant.' use.
whether the cucumber is of the pro- v ..V 7 """uJlu" " wc"l neumoers are not nara on me
nV .tr. to cnt is to encircle it in PPd with humus or decayed Teg-11 but to be a successful crop the
ihe center with the thumb and sec- la.D, ma.Uer W ""sractory. u ioll ,nonid be quite rich. They are
nd finrr. If these do not meet " " arainea. so mucn me oeuer qock growing plants and have not
hv -bout one-fourth inch to one. "r " Vicmt Ume one must get on tne tlm to rn,t, for a Urlng. nor
half Inch, the cuke is of a desirable " lean me grower anora to nave mem
Cukes marked "nrsts" I " r, " 7' " ., . laa JBB luin lu uu " p',u"
n nufti piuwcu mm, taem with an aounaance oi piant
down and harrowed occasionally un-tfnn BO that thr mar rrow. as it
L . W I . . . . . . a I - - m a
v , -i . ..n v i t""us nuiw uica twu at nirh nressure. un me aver
aonearance of several dozen. The , , 7. IT . . ,: , . e nex anoaia not inuw u-
'on.'' .hould be shorter and Mlne way 11 Uo ulubl " not gar beeU. cabbages, potatoes of oats
seconds should be . ahorter ana t0Q bad, lnfeBted wtn cut worml. h In the mean
fir.it" and 1 kewise should neTeriV.T J 7. :, ' . " . , o Iw I uv u vwuju....-.
or.ni gin tn tiiihhlnt. These should I .. . . lllllier.
' - . . i mrinnn or ninannr diti ior mt-
be sold cheap to a certain class oi eral rea50ni.
neoole or thrown away. It never I m... T. -t . v .n
to shin them. Eich grade '1: mv ..m -i.-I ure. If it Is plentlful .lt may profit
hm ilalnlr marked so that I "u' " " " "Vl 'V." ably be spread broadcast and plowed
m m z i aauu w u r sk eu uuwa rriiuuiuii aiuv. I - . ..... . . . . . .
there will be no mistake by the mlllIon8 ot weM .ee,,, wU, 'rmlnate nnaer, put me supply is wmueo.
salesman. -l in t f dan which etn m dentrored
The expense In growing cukes Is h
nn a hrlrht rl- A
usually greater than lettuce, due to ond narrowinK a welt iater will de
the work of pruning and training, t second lot of seedlinxs. A
increased amount of heat required. third and fourtn harrowing will de-
and extra watering.! Good plants Btroy a thlrd and fourtn iot 0f ed-
produce on an average of three to liDgt and tne Iourth iot will Just
four dozen No.' l'a. and one to two aboat rid the top soil ot weed seeds,
and a half dozes), No., 2 a, but with The cheaoest. Quickest and best way
very prolific plants this may beltQ- cuitiTate a crop is to harrow the
rreatlr increased. Good strains of li ,tnrm h BAod for that rroo Is
seed and high feeding; Poupled with j nted
proper pruning, wm kic wuciuwi Second Keeping me sou wen
results and reduce the numotr " worked conserves moisture and en-
No fertilizer material gives better
results than well rotted stable man
It will be most economical If applied
in the hills.' . . . .
If commercial fertilizers aro to bo
used, the around should be plowed
early and the fertilizer drilled broad
cast as early in the season as possi
ble. When-the cucumbers are to be
grown for pickles, a fertilizer of the
following composition is recommend
ed: ,
Nitrogen .. S to 4
Available Phosphoric acid... S
Potash (to 10
About one-hair of the nltrocen
should be in- the form of nitrate of
soda and the remainder as readily .
available organic nitrogen. such as
dried blood or high grade animal
tankage. A fertilizer of about thia
formula can be readily obtained or
any manufacturer. From 600 to 1000
pounds, depending upon soil condi
tions, should be used per acre.
In uslnr commercial fertilizers. It
should be remembered (hat the best
results will be obtained when they
are used upon soils that are In good
physical condition and well supplied
with organic matter.
.Unless manure is to be used In the
hnie, a corn marker with teeth six
feet apart is all that is necessary to
mark the rows. Six by four feet is
the ordinary distance when planting'
In hills Is practiced and if desired V
cultivate both , ways, simply mark
both ways and plant at the intersec- .
tions of the marks. When manure is
to be used In the hhli, mark in the
same way, but the rows six feet apart'
will have to be furrowed out with a
walking plow.' Throw a forkful of
manure In the furrow at each Inter
section and cover with a hoe after
having first packed the manure with
the feet or the back of the hoe. The
manure should be put in the hills as
early as possible but in harrowing the
soil after they are made and before
planting, eare should be taken not to
entirely fill the furrows so as to ob
literate the rows.
, When a large acreage Is grown, the
practice is to double furrow the row.
that Is, plow a dead furrow every six
feet. In this furrow distribute the
manure with a manure spreader, us
ing the attachment to narrow up the
discharge. Cover the manure by .
plowing a' back furrow upon it. Roll
(Continued on page 4)
CULTIVATION OF CUCUMBERS,
BY GIDEON STOLZ OF SALEM
culls to a minimum.
A BATTLE WITH BUGS AND
PESTS OF HIGH AND LOW DEGREE
'- , ' t
ti. Field, Greenhouje Gardener, Says that is What One
Has on His or Her Hands Who Starts Out to Produce
the Best Cucumbers under Glass There is No Truce.
ables the seed to germinate no mat
ter how dry the weather may be at
planting time. Soil that has not been
plowed or worked until it is neeaea
The Best Success Can Be Realiied in the. Riyer Bottom,
Lands Which" Contain and Hold Moisture Cucumbers
Require More Soil Moisture than Any. Other Vegetable.
One of the best authorities In this
part of the world on the growing of
for planting Is quite likely to be dry cucumbers Is Gideon Stoltz, who has
CUKES FOR THE CITY HOME
GARDEN FOR AVERAGE FAMILY
"fOne.WlTwa
Attention; Give Plenty for the Average Home in the City.
. (Formers' Bulletin 1044, of thei
United States Department of Agri-J
culture, on ','The CUy Home Garden". I
under the heading of cucumbers, has
the following: )
One or two hills will produce en
ough for the average family. Each
hill should be given about 50 square
feet ot space, or seven feet in each
direction. The hills should be made
several days before planting, with a
shovelful of manure mixed thorough
ly with the soli of each hill. About
a dozen seeds should be scattered in
each hill and covered to a depth of
about an inch. loiter, the plants
should be thinned to three to five in
a bill. '
Cucumbers are' very tender and
should not be planted until alt dan
ger of .frost Js passed; The plants
may be started indoors by planting
the seeds In pots, paper bands, or
onart 1errr boxes filled with soil;
then set In the garden when the wea
ther Is warm. The young cucumber
plants are frequently destroyed by a
small beetle. The easiest way to
protect the plants Is by covering each
hltl with a , smalt wooden box the
bottom of which has been removed
and a niece of fine -mosquito or fir
nettina tacked on. After the plants
become toughened, the beetles are
not likely to trouble tnem.
-: White Spine is the most common
variety. . ,
DATES OF SLOGANS IN DAILY STATESMAN
(In Twice-a-Week Statesman Following Day)
Asparagus, April 22. .
Grape, April 29. -Drug
Garden, May S.
Sugar beets. May 12.
Sorghum. May 20. -Cabbage,
May 27.
Poultry and Pet Stock, June 2.
I.and, June 10.
Dehydration, June 17.
Hops;-June 24. -'
Wholesaling and Jobbing, July 1.
Cucumbers, J nly 8.
Hoks. July 15
City fieautiful. flowers and bulbs
July 22. J
Wood Working. July 29.
National Advertising. August S.
Papor Mill, AuKust 12.
Seeds. August 19.
Sheep. August 26.
Live Stock, September 2.
Schools. September 9.
Manufacturing. September IS.
.-. (Dack copies of 8alem Slogan
editions of the Dally Oregon
Statesman are on hand. They are
for sale at Se each, mailed to any
address, It ALL are taken; price for
first 20 copies. 10c each.)
Loganberries, Oct. I.
Prunes, Oct. II.
Dairying October 21.
riax. October SO.
Fliberta, Nor. f .
Walnuts, Nor. IS.
Strawberries, Nor. 20. j
Apples, November 27. j
' Raspberries. December 4.
Mint. December 11.
" Great Cows, December 12;
Blackberies, December 25.
Cherries. January 1. 1920.
Tears, January 8, 1920.
Gooseberries. January 15, 1920.
Corn, January 22, 1920.
Celery. January 29.
Spinach, February 6. 1920.
Onions, February 12. 1920.
Potatoes. February 19. 1920.
1 Bees. February 27 1920.
Mining, March 4, 1920.
Goats, March 11. 1920.
Han. March 18, 1920.
Paved highways, March 25, 1920.
Hroccoll. April 1, 1920.
' Kilos, April ft.
Legumes, April 15.
(It will inlcTcst aorae people to know that these hack copies are
ellinir fast that, nearlr every day. orders are receWed from near and
distant points for the whole series. They will be gold out before the
nity-two Slogans are completed, without doubt.- 15d.)
H. Field. This is the name of the 1
present manager of the Field gard
ens, in the eastern suburbs of Salem,
on the north side of the extension
of Center street, on a 35-acre tract
on which the late Dexter Field,
father ot II. Field, commenced mar
ket gardening operations soon after
he came to Oregon. In 1871.
This is Chestnut farm; from which
five sons and daughters graduated
from Willamette university, and are
scattered in : missionary and other
fields around the world. One son.
Ambrl. is chief proof reader for the
great Curtis: publications, in- Phila
delphia, Including the Saturday Eve
ning Post and Ladles' Home Journal.
Mr. H. Field" is the way the let
ters usually come.
nut "Mr. II.- Field" Is a woman.
one of the graduates ot Willamette.
Bhe is the farmer; more particu
larly, she is a hot house market
gardener, raising lettuce, tomatoes
and cucumbers mostly, for the Sa
lem retail grocery store trade.
Thus, the average Salem house
wife may know whence have come
the lettuce, cucumbers and tomatoes
out of season that have graced her
table.
Miss Field has about a third of
an acre under glass. One ot her hot
and full of clods. By the time these
clods have been worked down suffi
ciently fine, the top soil has lost
much of Its moisture. Such soil might
do as a seed bed for corn or for any
crop with large seeds which may be
planted quite deely, but It will not be
satisfactory for cucumber seeds
which should not be planted over an
Inch deep. Soli wnlcn has been
plowed early and harrowed occasion
ally will be moist an inch below the
surface, even during a very dry Ume.
houses is heated; with a hot -water Piamea in sucn a sou wm ger-
system i iroinaie reauuj nu yrvuuce ma eicu
But'thla article is meant to be tnl ' me which is worth a good
hnnt ononmhori nrinpi nail v deal to any grower.
. ...... ..... T-...1.. t. v.i. - ... Third Earlr olowlna
hot house In cucumbers. This hot harrowing wll put tha soil In
ho,.. i. iso h 72 feet. RourhlT. a physical condition that it will
then, she has a patch of cucumbers
150 by 3t- feet.
From this space last year she sold
over 10.000 firsts, and enough sec
onds to make between 12,000 and
15.000.
. How much is there in it?
.The.,wice this year started at
$1.20 a dozen; then 90 cents. where
it has been for a month. That Is
the nrtce to Miss Field. The reader
can firure the returns for himself.
In former years, the years of low
prices, the start was usually at 95
cents a dozen, then on . down to
about 45 cents around the Fourth
of July.
Labor was much cheaper then.
Miss Field uses only the Davis
Perfect variety of cuenmbers.
It Is Hard Work.
' Of course, there is money In hot
house cucumbers at these prices.
There would be good money, even
counting the present abnormally
not pack and bake after every rain
It will become loose, mellow and fri
able; rain falling upon It will drain
away, leaving It in practically the
same condition as it was before tne
UNCLE SAM TELLS US SOME
WAYS TO COOK CUCUMBERS
They Are Good Stewed and Served with Sauce, and They
v Are All Right Fried, and They Are Bully in Cucumber
Saute.
high costa ot glass and other build
ing materials, and labor; the latter
not only scarce but hard to get
especially the kind that has tbe
knowledge and tbe patience com
bined necessary to make a success
of cucumbers under glass.
For It takes bard and constant
work; and Miss Field earns all ahe
gets, even at the very high prices
compared with former years.
She trains her cucumbers up on
frames, as high as her bead; higher.
Tbe glass Is high enough so that a
team Is used In plowing tbe grouni
In tbe hot houses in the fall.
And. with cucumbers, it Is a mat
ter or a night and day battle with
pests, and an everlasting pruning
and trimming and picking. Tbey
would all go to vines without the
constant pruning. They grow very
fast. They would go to seed ana
top bearing, without the constant
picking ot tbe fruit. Tne pesis
would cet them all. without the
night and day battle with them.
had long experience in handling
them in all stages, from the. seed
to the pickle Jar. though for a few
years past his factory has not done
anything in that line. The States
man has succeeded in obtaining an
interview with Mr. Stoltz on the cul
tivation of cucumbers, in which he
said:
"The best success In growing cu
cumbers can be realized on the river
bottom lands, lands which contain
and hold moisture and ' which have
been in cultivation for at least two
years, so as to have the tree and
shrub roots destroyed. The soil
fre. must be well pulverized and in good
worktDie condition.
"Planting should be done about
May 1. in hills four feet apart, and
rows eight feet apart; or better still
tbe rows and bills to be six feet
apart, so as to permit of cross cul
tivation. The plants should be
thinned out so as to leave two In
a hill and at the last hoeing they
should be well hilled up. Cultiva
tion should be thorough and the
weeds should be entirely cleared out
by hoelnc and pulling.
"Cucumbers require more soil
moisture than any other vegetable.
The plants are heavy bearers and the
product contains a heavy percentage
of water, hence the necessity of
choosing a soil that is generously
supplied with It and of conserving
the supply by extended cultivation
and the removal of all useless
growths that would absorb a portion'
of what the plants aeed. . .
'The plants begin to bear about
the beginning ot August and wilt
furnish . picking tor two months.
They can be made a profitable crop
under the conditions above outlined
and by parties who can be sure of
the necessary labor. Tbey can be
made to yield from $150 to 920'
worth of cucumbers to the acre. If
a sufficient acreage were planted -
around Salem to Insure .a supply tor-
pickle making, there would be a
ready market for ' them, but tbe ,
berry and fruit industries ot inf
lection have so absorbed the avail
able labor that for the past few
years' encumbers growing on a large
scale has been practically aoan-doned.-
.
There Is plenty ot the best kind
of cucumber land within a tew miles
ot Salem, along the Willamette riv
er bottoms, the Pudding river, and s
the various creeks which snb-irri-.
gate a wide area in places on either
side of their courses. It la simply
a matter of getting people Inter
ested; families that have plenty of
help within themselves to care for
a few acres, and other parties who
are situated to hire the necessary
help, which Is needed in qusntity
only during the picking season.
Some of these days there will be
many acres ot such land In cucura-.
bers. land which Is bow to a largo
extent Idle and which will be made ,
very valuable as a producer of
pickles.
ROOM FOR A BIG CUCUMBER
INDUSTRY IN SALEM DISTRICT
The Sarage Brothers Are Carrying on the Gardens that
Have Been Frirnishing Supplies to the Salem Market for.
the Past Forty-three Years.
So Miss Field 1. thlnklni : o t d - LoV. well k.oV mar-
(Preparation of Vegetables for tbe
Table" is the subjwt of Farmers
Bulletin 256 of the I'ni'cd States de
partment of agriculture, the author
leing Maria Parola. The follow In z
A what Js r.a!d under the heading ot
Cucumbers' In this bulletin:)
? Tbe cucumber Is much oftcner
eaten in the United State as a salad
than cooked. -yet It is a very palatable
vegetable when stewed and served
with a white sauce, or seasoned with
butter, salt and pepper, and served
on, toast. Tbe pared and quartered
cucumber should be cooked until
tender In boiling salted water, which
will require about. 15 minutes, and
then served as directed. Curumbers
may also be cut In slice lengthwi)
ami fril like mmniT fiiah oi
egg plant. r
Nlrnl ( urumlvr
Stew pared ciirmnbors. cut in
quarters or in thick Ut.-. for fif
teen minutes In a saucepan with a
little water and a mlnred shallot or
a small minced onion. Pour off tbe
water: stir in a little flour, butter,
and salt; beat for two or thrf min
utes, and then serve.
Cucumber Kant?
lioil pared and quartered curum,
bers for three minutes only. Then
drain tbe pieces and season wllb salt
and pepper. Boll in flour and cook
tn a saucepan with butter for ,70 tnln
utes. This dish may be varied by
adding mlBced'pafsley. 'chives, and
chervil about five minutes before the
cooking Is finished.
votlnc the space she has been giving
to cucumbers to tomatoes, after this
year, till the help situation grows
better. She was yesterday getting
18 tents a pound for her hot house
tomatoes. She can rilw tomatoes
with a little less work that is. to-
iii a toe under plass
retail trade.
ket gardens, out on the Garden road.
In the northeastern suburbs of Salem,
which gardens have been supplying
Salem with vegetables and fruits for
43 years, have usually produced
some hot bouse cucumbers, as their
r.ihr if W. Ririri did before
lor the fancy them
They have used the London Long
Not that there is not money In Green and White Spine varieties, ex
rummers and a larger market elusively.
than can now lie supplied. Hut one! They usually picked every morn-
un.w hnw to cct the bett eu- ins: and when the vines were clean
v......Kr. ,ImhI and on the market of marketable fruit one day they
at the riKht times. generally got as much the next day
ii ,u. h.r.if rrrn- for cucumbers grow very fast, under
w .h.n -m.r. the right conditions.
nnura iu vn -
ket gardener.
The writer wants to say that she
is not a green gardener.
The Savages have bad no hot-house
cucumbers this season. J. W. Sarage
says be wishes they had. for good cu
cumbers began retailing this year at
ltut she U free to say tbat there 130 cents each, and they are bringing
mrm Int of ihinrs to kifow that she 10 and 15 cents now. at retail
has not yet learned, especially In J But their hot hoase became-Infest-.,.,i,.nn
t.ittl with bugs and led with pent that ate the fibrous
t II v v: w w a - - -
they have gone afler the pests with k
a 21 per cent solution ot a moo I a. di
luted S ounces to 5 gallons of water. .
sprinkled and spaded under Imme-
dlately.
They expect to be rid of this par- .
tlcular pest and back In the cucum
ber game again next year.
Tbey have two hot house, -each
100 by 30 feet, and with what they
can raise in the open and what they
produce under glass, tbe Savage
brothers have something to sell every
day In the year.
(ood Cucumber Couatry.
J. W. Savage says this is a good
cucumber country; that there Is Bone
better, for cucumber produced un
der glass or la the open; and they
are two separate Industries. -
Glass Is blgh now, and so are other
materials and all labor. Hut so are
tbe prices high, and- the demand
great.
Mr. 8a raze thinks there Is room for
a great cucumber industry In the Pa
tent district, with pickle factories and
pests of blgh and low degree.
roots of the cucumber vines, and I Urge shipments to outside market.