THE OREGON STATES HAH: THURSDAY, APRIL . 1020. Grown in the World, Nor More ited Kinds, Than Can Be Grown CHIEF IN HORTICULTURE AT 0. A. C. GIVES HIS 0. L TO GRAPE CULTURE "Grapes Are Very Productive in This Country, and the Question of Profitable Grape Growing Rests Not on Producing the Grape, But Upon Getting a Market for It," Says Prof. Brown (Oregon Agricultural college has no available bulletin on grape cul ture but one will be prepared If the millage bill passes, giving that insti tution some money to work with; and a number of other matters im- nine feet apart and from eight to ten feet apart in the row, depending upon the vigor or the variety, the richness of the soil, etc. The Ameri can grapes are all trellised. in com mercial wort, along on two or three are usually about 12 gauge galvan- izea iron. The end posts should be very well braced and larger than inose used in between. Bortant to Oreeon farmer and frnit. ,re tne two w-re system being rrowers are awaitinr that iMiif nt "luctt mon? common. Posts are set the chief in horticulture of O A n. aDOl J- apart and the wires "has written the following for this is sue af The Statesman: Some Important Phases. VAitnr StatAamttn Your letter to Miss Helen Holgate , It tw common methods of prun- ander date of April 22nd has been -J"i h grp;,are at called the referred to me. two-arm or tie-up system, and the I am sorry we have no bulletin on f?1?rVm or, knlMln ytem. In the rrspe growing which Is available for ff"h l?w'r?, Un distribution. I have looked through ift.ftKE J 1;1 and 2i f!tV 'my flies to see If I have something 1lL"e viDe9 af ned up to the suitable which I could sent you and SlV?tlr were tWv mrm? Y,e al,low" vi.v - ij .., v e to run out one on each side alone innnt find .n.thinr ! flnul and from these arms the p-to-date in - all matters and that K?"8, "h0,t are Ve.d up t0 would be or use to you. We hope to fl 7 ,Z , uur" kii.k . oporto i I lDK the summer. In the four-arm iv.1. ,,. I system, the young vine is trained d. and we can get some more money ?'artl5f S? J?p ot tne. ,w'" to work with after May 21st. d,S.t07i f8 "! ththelg,lU I will give you a few ideas of the AhJJ6 5nL "T fee aboTe the phases of imnnn ark mar inn wi n avi im gTapej along the wires and not have to be more important To go into the matter very deeply I -. r; would require a bullettin, as you un derstand stub of the vine. This strong cane. mat nas trulted and grown through one season, will then be let down along the wire and will be the par ent cane for new shoots that will come out next year and bear the fruit. Usually two good bunches can be counted upon to come out of the young shoot which springs from the Dud of the cane which is laid down along the wire. It is. therefore. necessary to cut back these canes. after they are laid alone the wires. to a point where the Tine will not aatisfactory over bear. For strong growing Amer- Dnt owe as soon lean grapes like the Concord, a max- Plants, but will bav fruits grown not excepting the lo ganberry or the prune. The grape fever has broken out in New York, and one nursery man in Illinois wrote me that a New York syndicate had bought two mil lions of acres in Michigan and was planting it all to Concord grapes, and that they had fleeced all the nurseries m the - land of Concord plants. The Concord is king of all grapes, it being the grape that most all the commercial grape Juice comes from. For a gTape for this climate, it needs a favorable location, as It is a little late in getting ripe some 'sea sons. The Campbell's Fairly is a seedling of the Concord, but ripens two weeks earlier. The juice factories buy them at the same price as Concords, -as the aroma is identically the same. I have the King and McPfke grapes, both seedlings of the Concord, but much larger. In a former article I stated that the McPike excelled as a novely; but the last three years it has come through with a good crop, and I mean to as 1 can get e to propagate imum crop for commercial vines is I them myself, as the demand has considered to be about 120 bunches. I sent the price 500 per cent higher That would mean that about 60 buds I than usual would be left upon the canes to pro duce fruiting shoots. So far. the demand for American grapes In the state of Oregon has been largely for the fresh grape. There is some prospect, however, that grapes may be grown here In the fu ture for their juice and for jelly making, just as they are In other sec tions of the country. Grapes are very productive In this country, and the question of profit able grape growing rests not upon producing the grape, but upon get ting a market for it. Hoping these few suggestions may be of some help to you. I am, yours very truly. W. G. BROWN. Chief In Horticulture. Corvallis. Ore.. April 24, 1920. I have been asked times without number which Is the best grape for eating. AVith my grapes, the one that Is best of all is the one you have in your hand. The Concord will keep until Christmas, but to grow a grape for long keeping requires a little addi tional treatment more than it does to dump them on the market at picking time. Some of the advantages of trow ing grapes for profit over her small fruits are: The plant is long lived; perhaps about Zi years. The plants do not winter kill In this climate. I don't think I lost a sfngle plant last winter. There are no eft years. There was one season several years ago when we bad a heavy frost la Sep tember that got almost the entire crop. As for harvesting, one man can pick one ton per day in a good vine yard. The McPikes are as large as com mon cherries. The Eclipse is the earliest grape of the Concord type, and very sweet; Unfortunately it makes a poor looking bunch. The Green Mountain Is the ear liest of all white grapes and very good; but It was another grape 1 turned down as undesirable In my earlier experience. But I am informed by grape; spe cialists that It overbears when vouni to such an extent that it is almost worthless unless It Is restric ted. Since I learned to prune heavy it delivers the fine goods. Moore's Diamond Is perhaps the most desirable white grape, always on the Job with tine bunches, but a poor keepr. SALEM MAY BECOME THE YESTFIELD OF OREGON And the Country Surrounding This CityJ lay Become the" Chautauqua Grape Belt of the Pacific Co ait This Dix-i trict Can Grow the Right Kind of Grapes . they come out, droop down. In both these systems, the cutting In the first place, the grape re- "7"!,", " c""e r - th if.iit ln.m. .u tu i pracucauy.ine same, ine 1,,. vI.T.- ir.i I!" r . old cane, which sent out the fruiting WUI uu wiwr iuis awit la vu - ivi. A.tii v south or southwest exposure to as-1 . . . 4 ' . inf wr .rm)i, .nn,hii. cut oack to a strong cane nearest the MS 9 fA h J VS V V 1U MMMWMHva Grapes must have plenty ot sunshine to manufacture ! sugar. Very fre ouently the lightest and poorest soils on the farm are used for the culture of grapes, but that does not mean that the grape will do Its best oa such soil, although It may come through fairly! well. Of the varieties that I would recommend in! the Willamette valley. 128 M Mr. Ruble Had to Give Up the Growing of All Fruits But Worden and Agawam. Tnese an, as von know, are American .varieties. The climate in the Willamette valley is not suited to the production of tne vinif era or Eurooean grapes. Grapes are planted In rows about JIM LINN HAS A BEAUTIFUL LITTLE VINEYARD NEAR SALEM FIFTY YEARS OF GRAPE GROWING IN OLD POLK He Grew Grapes in Competition With Jack London When He Was a Youngster, and He Thinks He Put It All Over the Great Story Writer One, He Would Stick to Grapes Some of the Advantages of Grape Growing Baby Chicks Leghorns, Reds, Rocks, Anconas, Buttercups, Wyandottes. Prices reasonable. Best full-blooded stock- Free poultry books to all visitors. C. i N. Needham, 658 State street. Phone 400. Kinsman CIGAR The 8c kind at a 5c price At all 'Cigat Stores SH0WALTER i& JACOBS Distributors 125-149 Front Street, SALEM ROTH GROCERY CO. STAPLE AND FANCY GROCERIES FRESH FRUIT AND VEGETABLES D. R. Ruble, who lives across the Willamette riTer .from Salem, oyer I in Polk county.' was asked for an article on grape culture and when his reply arrived, promptly, the 8a- .lem slogan editor was sure he had made no mistake in choosing grape growing as one of the 52 most im portant basic Industries for Salem, and the country surrounding this city. Following is the reply: ) Grape Culture in the Willamette Valley (By D. R. Ruble, Salem, Ore.) Fifty years ago I was in -the pri mary class of grape culture in Polk county. Ore. Some grapes that did well In those days hare lost their prestige owing mainly to mildew that did not exist in those days. I have been growing grapes for the last 20 years as a side line, but III now realize that It is a poor side line but a very good main line. If 1' was compelled to gire up all fruits but ' one for cultivation it would surely be the grape I would hold to. But just why I am not growing grapes on a larger scale is from the fact that the mildew commenced Its destructive work few years ago. and about three -ears ago I got an laea rrom some one that the mildew could be con ! trolled and I am now satisfied that J. R. t"Jim") Linn of Salem la interested in a good many things. In cluding hops, prunes, loganberries. general farming and stock raising, hotels, the state fair, politics, etc. But he takes as much personal in terest la his yoang vineyard n four miles south of Salem, in the Liberty district, as he does in anything else. When Mr. Linn was a number of rears younger than he is now, he was on the payrolls of the state i California wra-lna at tK hnma for It is no serious trouble if one will the fwble-minded children at Glen unij uo m pan. Cll-n. In thm RABflmi vail. Ha thea I use dry sulphur once In the had the care of the vlnyard of that bloom and about twice aftea the J institution, and the vineyard that he berry Is formed. (attended was across the road from A new idea dawned upon me last I the one on the farm of Jack London. season. I found that I could keep me great novelist, ana near one grapes of certain kinds all winter owned by Dr. Donnelly, mayor ot long and have a few culls by Christ-1 San Francisco and whilom can- mas. And the thought of putting! diaate tor governor oi California. my grapes on the market In March There was a good deal of rivalry looked better than a cold mine. I between Mr. Linn and Jack London. . But I hesitate Just now. for the "r Jae rV rf wmer ""V idea seems to have somewhat ot a he. kT " 'ab?uj ,!?. Ti"f: tendency to backfire, as people are d l?k rl delint ,n tbe rU IrLll i?teerbCbhri.;LaT,nR ButMr L?nn made a study of the grapes after Christmas. lQo he WQrked narJ I have at this writing (April 25). Mnd hm think. h. BUt it all over Jack the Agawam grapes In my fruit Lonaon in the quality and quantity nouse mai nave aepi gooa ana sauna 0f grapes grown, all winter, but some are wilted. I Mr. Linn says the grape land of suppose people would think the the Sonoma valley district Is like the goods too old to be good. But such Pont COunty hills, only rougher, is not the case with a tough skinned ne says the rough rocky land of grape. If they were shipped to Cen- lne Willamette valley, with south tral America and sent back as new siops. to get the best advantage of goods, I doubt not but they would the sunshine, is the beat for grapes be In great demand. However, such in the country around Salem. grapes would be In demand In the uin Own Viae and Fl Tree months of November and December Mr. Linn's own vineyard Is a four- at double the price at harvest time. Are Grape Profitable to IUUe? With the right kinds, the right location and proper man to back it acre patch of land that was formerly grown up to oak grubs and wild things of tne woods. He set out his grape vines In the spring of 1915; Concords and Word- I0NE OF MOST DELICIOUS FRUITS THAT GROWS HERE up. it should be equal to any kind of ens. which he gU from New York The Wordens are of the Concord North Liberty Street The Grape Does Not Receive the Attention It Deserves Set Grapes Deep, Like Trees, and Cut Them Back Every Year, and Keep Suckers Broken Off family; only laraer and finer. lis set his vines eight feet apart; set them like hop vines, i There are three ways to cultivate grapes; the stump system, the trellls Ing system, and the layering system. The grower can produce more grapes to the acre with the layering system than with either of the other two: some Hungarians and Germans In Marion county are producing 10 tons to the aere with the layering system. But that system takea the most labor of all. Then there la the trelllslnc sys tem deacrlbd in this Issue by Prof essor Brown, or the Oregon Agricul tural college. Mr. Linn uses the stumping sys tem. He says this Is the system used in California for . large acreage- It makes for easy cultivation and har vesting. The stumping system is like this: The second year tie up the first year'a growth to a stake 18 inches high which makes the stump of the vine. Each year after that cut back th season's srawth to about two eyes. Thus the new growth will branch out and make a bush high enough to carry the fruit off the ground. When the vines produce fruit, to get perfect fruit pinch back the vines about the first or July to two Joints In order to throw the growth Into the fruit. Another advantage, this will make the winter pruning much less. Mr. Linn says that, while be set his grapes about like bops, deeper holes are better. lie says that a grower here may safely count on an average of thre tons to the acre, uader the stumping system; a well tended trellised vine-! yard will produce five tons to the acre, and a layered vineyard may bear 10 tons to the acre. The price should be at least $100 a ton. In normal years. He says the Jelly and Jam plants will need all that Is grown or may be grown for a long time, hereabouts: for grape Jelly la a standard product, la demand everywhere. The Iyerta- Hyslem The layering system is rather hard to describe without a picture. But the principle is the growing the year '.before ot two or three vines about six feet long, from the parent stumpy then the covering ot these vines with soil for about two feet, supporting the rest of the vines with slakes. The part of the vine under the soil grows rootlets and gets sustenance from the soil to put growth Into the grapes on the part of the vine ex posed to the sunlight on the stake and the retult is a great crop. (By Jesse Haber) What uw do I Intend to make of the crapes when my vines shall be gin bearing the tempting clatters? That question should be decided ty the grower before the plants are set. Ther are hundreds of varie ties of grapes, each havlag som distinct use. There is so one varie ty that can be nsed for all the par poses to which this delicious fruit may be put. Here. In the Willamette valley, we have favorable conditions for grow Ing successfully only a few of the varieties of grapes. Ours is a region la which the so called American grapes prodace well. Among these sre the Con cord. Campbell. Niagara aad Wor den. The Concord Is still the premier grape of this aad other regions where the summer heat is Insuffi cient to produce some of the more delicately flavored fruit. It Is the variety that Is grown extensively and successfully In the . region of the Great Lakes, la New York sad in some sections la New Es eland. Good Commercial Variety The Concord may be turned Into several valuable commercial prod ucts. It Is a good table grape. It is used extensively la usaufactariag Jelly and grape Juice. Probably S per cent of the commercial grape luice on the market Is extracted from the Concord grape. The Worden aad Campbell grapes are closely allied to the Concord aad differ only In their period ot ripen ing. The three varieties caa be grown as succesafally here aa la aay of the older eastern regions, u planted extensively on our well drained, alluvial soils, they woald nrodoce a sufficient bulk of deli cious, vinous fruit to form the basis of a new tadnstry. Grare J nice la PwpaUr Grape Juice Is now aa established commodity. With the Concord vines burdened, each ants mn. with entie- lag clusters, there is no reason why It should not be planted sufficiently extensive to snpply Ike grapes for a pressing and bottling plant la Ba lmy be prepared for the market. Travelers, retaraiag foot West field. New York, state that for a radius of SO Biles around that nty the bottom laad. level stretches and hillsides sre covered with the pro line vines cf the Concord grape, the trait from which is nearly all sold to the maaafactsrer of the wvO known Welch grape Jake located ta that city. Might not Salexa become the West field oa the Pacific roast. If the acre age of grapes were sufficiently ex tensive? Indications are that this possibility might be developed lata a reality if sertoss coasideraUosi were given It. Completion la Uasited (Many efforts nave been made ta utilise the several varieties of grapes grown la California ta the maaufactare of grape Jalce. list the Quality of the prod art la sack that It haa never met with the gen eral favor arrorded the sprightly flavor of the drfak extracted from the Concord grape. Competition from that source woald. I hart fore. be aegliglble. Soft a Xrw lad cry Here Crape culture Is not new aad na med ta the Willamette valley. In divid sal vises are dotag nicety here aad there en the farms. A number ot small vtaeyardi near Salem are jleldiag heavily. Several rather extensive plan liars ot grapes are fouad near Forest Grove aad at Mouat AageL The Benedictine fathers at the latter place have been carry lag forward grape eultare nader Earepeaa Beth- ords of csltlvatioa for a a amber ef years with most eacos ragtag re tails. Head Roils far Grape The grape will grew en ma ay klada ef soils, but. for beet results, the conditions exacted by their beet fruitage mast be fairly uet If the highest success Is expected. Generally apeak lag. sella ef a porous or sandy natare harve the proper texture. It the aeeeeeary elemeale ef fertility are not pros rat these shoald be supplied by enrich ing the soil by the atsaal snetheda recommended for aay ef the ether tern la which this delicious beverage fruit bearlag viaes or treee and the Sweetwater have been ob served to be very good yield era. The preference for any one of these vari eties for table purposes is of course a personal one. but experience has shown that the Niagara Is a favorite and the Wordea Is also Ja very much demaad. Both of these sre much sweeter than the Concord, which eieila for Juice sad preserve making. The limiting factor la the prod ac tion ot grapes la the past has been the market ploblem. The adveat ot the Jalce and pre- ropean varieties with the result that the berries were tasteless aad hard ad natlt for coasamptlon. We assame that this practice, therefore, ta not wise. I aaa teld. however, that the Caapbeli'a Early aad Sweetwater will stand this prac tice with greater success than ether v arte Ilea. Yields attalaed here at the hos pital have been eery aallsfartery. Last year ea S.t acres we prodaeed a a aggregate ef Ji.llt possds. At the prevailing" market price et S ceata per poaad thla yields a greee serving plants la this community return ef till. Mr. C Laake re- A PROGRESSIVE STORE Whose Slogan 'Is: MERCHANDISE OP IERIT, MODERATE PRICES COUR TEOUS SERVICE V Dry Goods Ladies' ReadyvTo , Wear Ladies' Shoes KAFOURY BROS. 466-474 State Street Enjoyed Wherever Good Candies .Are Appreciated SPA CHOCOLATES Our Fountain Specials. Too, Have a Different Taste THE SPA Always In The Lead Editor Statesman: Replying to your request on grape culture, will say that one of the most delicious fruits that grows does not receive the attention that It de There are few localities in this world that it does not thrive. Being a deep rooted plant. If given a fair chance to make a start, it will pay well. In this section of the Lnited States it has not been grown exten sively enough to gtve real data as to Its iwssiblUtles. I have only about one-twentieth of an acre. The nrice I sold them at to the Phez company ta cents per pound), would would hare brought me. haa i an acre, over $700. No doubt this is much more than one could count on year by year. I am somewhat partial to ne Concord grape, as it Is one- oi tne best commercial varieties. . However, there are lots oi gooa varieties to suit all tastes. nnu vnr essential thing to re- mmbfr. 41 ene wishes good, strong, rigorous vines. Is to set tne piama out deep. It will not be a success STATE OF OREGON RAISES SOME VERY GOOD GRAPES you' were going to set a tree and use the same methods. Put the top soil in the bottom in filling up. Another thing perhaps more important is to cut them back every year. For the first three years cut back to two ot three buds. Thta will insure thick, sturdy stocks after which more buds can be left to produce fruit. Unlike other fruits, the grape pro- Attrom frnit nn rrnvlnr wrMvl An. t1a nun i-harrln tr fnrm thip I UDC lOIIOWlDR OJ Mr. 4.iner, nor fruit spurs and buds the year be- "V"u"". w lof , , fore fruiting, but not .so the grape. F. Howard Zinxer, Horticulturist at the Oregon State Hos pital (Asylum for the Insane). Writes Very Instructirely and Entertainingly of His Methods Good Yields. Too and unless it is cut back to a few buds, there will be too many bunch es rormea ana tne iruu win oe small and Inferior, or there will be no fruit at all. Soon arter a grape bud starts to grow generally two bunches start at the same time; pltal (asylum for the Insane). Is commended to the readers of The Statesman as a very well considered and written article on grape culture for this district:) Some Grape Growing Kipertenrra Perhaps there Is no place outside of the famous grape growing sec- . . . . . . ...It inn nt Vr VnrV vhlrK YnAm xirk soon tne vine is several incnes long . "V 7. . " and more bunches set. and often a rx"ibilitles for the culture of the third set of bunches appear and as American varieties of rrapes as does the vine grows longer suckers will country immediately surround- form and grapes will form on them. In 8al'.m- It .... . iknn.h vnnA rn rrovm hroak th The climate, soil, conditions and ...v,. rr i th. hnnoh. market all combine to form an al- rrmt ha fnii irnrth of th vin most Ideal situation! f . The sloping red hills or the level A. fc. Zimmerman. Dlack Talleya all hold possibilities Salem Or., Rt. 9, Apr. 2. I for profitable vlnexirds.. . The European varieties so widely grown In California do not do well this far north, so we can only deal with those more hardy varieties na tive to America. I have been par ticularly Interested to note the safe ty wtth which thee varieties have withstood the freete ot last winter. There seui. to be very little Injury, which is another point In favor of viticulture in this locality. hardiness. The rarletles provlag very eue resaful at the Oregon State Hospital for the past few years are: Moore's Karly. Worden. White Niagara. Con cord aad one red variety the name ot which seems unknown. It re sembles th Delaware somewhat, so for the sake of conformity we call It the Delaware. Campbell's Early should now create a demaad aad take care of all prodactloa. Diseeeee which may be limiting factors la other sections are not so prevalent here, and the only oae of aay ser ious nature Is mildew. We have not been materially afflicted, with this pest st the hospital, but It seems to be In evidence In other vineyards. Dusting with sulphur two or three times during the season will effec tively control this situation. An ap plication of Hordeaax 4-4-St Just af ter the berries hsve set Is very ef fective. Just a word with reference to nrualag may be ot some help. Pruning of American varieties Is altogether different from that ot tne European varieties. We practice the Knltfln system or modifications ef thla system, here at the hospital. Pruning must be done during the winter or very early la the spring to avoid unnecessary bleedlag dne to wounds made after the sap has started to flow. Do not begin prun ing, however, before the vine la en tirely dormant In the rail. Decem ber is s good time to start If It la a mild winter. The Kallfla system consists In allowing one ana ot last season's growth to be tralaed along the trellis wire la opposite direc tions. Either the single or double method may be employed, that la a pair of arms oa the upper wire er a pair on both upper aad lower wires. depending on the rigor ot the vises. Two to tour bods sre left at the Juncture or stem and new afro for the renewal arms of next year. Grapes are borne on this year's wood, aad It Is esseatlal that enough ot thla wood be produced and still not too much. The tendency of most growers who have a tew vines for home coa sumption seems to be to lesve too many arms which develops an ex cess! re amount ot wood, aapptag the Ufa of the vine aad prodsclag a poor quality of grape. Eiperlmeata car ried ent here st the hospital have proven that It Is not policy to snip back too heavily the shoot growth through the summer, but allow plea ty ot leaf surface to develop on the - . . a a arms used for this yesr s suppip ot txarlar wood. Ealppiag tak to it axresaJve decree reduces the leaf surface and Inhabits the power to maaufactare starches aad sugars necessary for fruit development. In our experiment' we kept two rows snipped back very cloarly si liar to the method employed oa Ex ports a return ot fSM en three rows of fiweetwaters abost USt feet toag. These yields show a very Uter es! lag poalbllity wtth reference I considerable acreage aad prove the valae ot the grape aa an add U ion le the list of aaccewafsl 'Traits, aula sad berries perrulisriy .adapted ta this valley ot the Wlllaasetle. F. Howard Zlaser. SCHOOL MONEY IS INVOLVED GeKHnr's Contention Con cerns $50,000 Annually; Case May Go to Court An estimated fSt.ttt a year for the Irredadble school faad ef tha state Is lavolved la a question which District Attorney Mas Gehlhar at Marion couaty haa placed before the state lead board aad which the hoard now has nader advtseatat. Mr. Gehlhar la forms the hoard that since a royalty paymeat of it cents a cable yard 14 betag aanssil by the tate agalast dredging w earns Uklng aa3 and gravel trot the Willamette river for use ea roan ty high wars the dredgiag eoapealee are of f-eettlaa" the charge by rsialsg the price et their service to the coaa- ty by 1 cents a yard. Ills conten tion Is that the compaalts are really ageata for the coaaty and that nader the act of It 19 prevtdiag for the royalty paymeats they shoald be ex empt front the royalty charge, since the lew provide that cos stirs are aot required to pay the royalty. The board's coateatlon Is that th!l applies oely ta cases where the coun ties sre owners ot the plants. The extra cost to Marlon cos sty uader the board's laterpretaUo et the act will be about list this year. All cos sties on the Willamette river, many of those on the Columbia and some la other parts ef the stale are effected. Whether the Question will be tat en Into court ts problemsticai. Bat we do not uaderrtaad that Kir Oliver Lodge pretends to be able to summon the spirits armaeatl. That Is the start that Interests so many In this vale of tears. If plaaUd.ahJloF.... a s