TTTK OREOO STATESMAN: FTIIDAY. PRIL 1 1. 1010
EXPERT COMES
T0 HELP FIGHT
PRUNE THRIPS
Professor Loyett to-Arrive in
Salem and Insp ect Near
; bv Orchards
OTKER PARTS AFFECTED
Treatise Shows Life : History
and Antidote for Newly
Found Pest
The prune thrips which' has been
reported from the Liberty district as
doing serious. Iniury to the develon-
JJnfc fruit buds is eTidently present in
"other orchard districts in the vicin
ity of Salem.. Collego authorities
onsider' the situation serious aad
-advise growers to spray at once..
The situation was sufficiently 1
alarming that Robert Paulus, Knight I
Pearcy and Lee Lane took specimens
of the infested twigs to O. A. C. for !
inspection. Professor Lovett diag
, nosed the trouble as dno to the work
oX the thrips. Because of the gray
Ity of the situation," Professor Lot-
districts today and attempt to out
lice the extent and severity of' the
. infestation. -.--
In the meantime, because of the
nrgent nature of the case. Professor
Lovett makes the following state
ment: "Growers Bhonld make a careful
examination of their orchards for
the trip. - Break off twigs here and
tthere through the orchard, place
ithem in a paper sack and in -a warm
room after Jarrijg the sack well ex-
amine for the small 'elongate, active
. brown thrips. They are about 1-20
Inch Ions, move with i gliding mo
tion and hop when ' d'sturbed, .
'"Where an infestation occurs pro
viding the blossoms are not yet open.
spray at once with the following so-
Alntioa: Fish -oil soap, 10 pounds;
black leaf 40; ' r pints; water, 200
gallons. One should have a large
kettle or vessel outside in which the
Boap. may be heated In a small
amount of water to dissolve it:'
The solution should, be applied
with considerable pressure, 175 to
225. pounds and as a driving spray.
. For very tall trees a tower is advte-
SPRYFGR
THRIPS
For thrips on prunes, pears
md plums use lilack Leaf 40
Spray. UsqJW U. of lilack
Leaf, 4 lbs. Fish Oil Soap to
each "100 gallons "'' water.'
Use power sprayer 'and spray
in very best possible way,
both on top and under leaves
and blooms. Spray at. once,
if thrip-is showing in your
orchard, if you want to save
your crop.
We have a large stock of
Black Leaf 40 for usual re
quirements, but will not last
long if. this disease is gen
eral, so buy now and be pre
pared. ; D. A. WHITE & SONS
f Phone 160
253 State Street
I CMI niM t n.lll. ,.,Vll. Ik.
deciduous fruits In the ecclious men
tioned have to contend. On account
of the minute size of the insect, the
rapidity of its spread over larger
areas, and the suddenness of attack
in great numbers, completely blast
ing in a few days all prospects for
a crop, the control of this pest is a
matter of considerable difficulty. As
the insect each year is extending its
range or food plants, its capabilities
for dissemination are corresponding
ly increased. There is .no reason to
believe that the insect .will dissapear.
it should be regarded as a permanent
and serions pest. Conservative esti
mates place the damage caused by
tbe pear thrips In California during
the years from, 1904 to 1912 at least
$6,000,000, It Is safe to say that
the thrips In the absence of treat
ment would cause an .average yearly
loss to the state of over $1,000,000.
Character of Injury: Injuries to
the various fruit trees by this species
is caused by the feeding of the
adults on the developing buds and
yearly blossoms, by the deposition of
eggs into the fruit sterna, leaf stems,
and newjy formed fruit, and by feed
ing of the larvae in the blossoms and
on the young fruits and foliage. On
pears, the greater Injury is produced
by the adults, which often prevent
the trees from, blooming, while on
the prunes and cherries the larvae
frequently prevents a crop of fruit
from setting after the trees have
come Into full bloom, also the de
position of eggs into the fruit stems
of the prunes and cherries so weak-
able; take time to be thorough. The-lens the stoma that much of the young
oretically for the average eight year
oia orcnara about 125 to 150 gal
lons of spray will be required to the
aere. To effectually handle the sit
uation requires immediate intelli
gent effort.
Professor Lovetfs headquarters
while in Salem will be, during the
day at the Salem Fruit union. lie
will stop at the Marion hotel,
County Fruit Inspector S. H. Van
Trump and Mr. Paulus have procur
ed for the benefit of growers a trea
tise prepared in California which
will apply to the Willamette valley
orchards with the exception that to
apply here the date given should be
set ahead from four to six weeks.
The treati3e follows:
Distribution: The pear thrips is
at the present, time very destructive
in San Francisco bay region and . in
the larger part . of the Sacramento
valley of California. . More recently
it has been found in destructive num
bers throughout New York state and
northwestern Pennsylvania.
Economic importance: It is at the
present time the most Important in-
Axe Poor
7rt AT CouP Be SYrs
: .- With ;
rtcufbro tier 'P't 'g-AJ g
i
. a I m JfeT
Constipated Children Gladly Take
"California Syrup of Figs"
v- For the Liver; and Bowels
Tell your druggist
''California Syrup of
for babies and
Figs."
you . want . genuine '
-Full , directions
children of all ages
and dose
who are constipated, bilious, feverish, tongue
coated, or full of cold, are plainly printed on
the bottle. Look for the name "California"
and nccept no other "Fig Syrup." .
vr.
-m6
P:R - Y
. ROSTEl 4
t - 210
, 9
Rostein &
Greenbaum
This popular-department in rear
room is showing all new styles.
Ladies', Girls' and Children's
Hats. Here you will find high
grade materials, . combined with
latest styles and moderate prices.
Large assortment of artificial
flowers, almost natural. Hat
braids, trimmings, ribbons and
malines: Iiig selections' Don't for
get the Hisses' hats, vc are show
ing a nice lot, sure to please you.
GREENBMJ1
North Commercial St.
Salem
fruit f alia. ' By rasping the tender
surfaces In the developing fruit buds.
the young fruits ; with their hard
ened mouth parts, the thrips rupture
the skin, causing 'an exudation of
sap which is often followed by more
or less fermentation, especially be
fore blooming. ' The feeding by lar
vae cn prunes after blooming causes
the welt known thrips "scab," while
most, of the scarred and misshapen
pears are caused by the work of the
idults.
- LIFE HISTORY
' ' Adults .
The adults or winged form of
the thrips appear on the trees about
the middle of February appearing in
greatest numbers in late February
and early March.
By the time the fruit buds have
swollen sufficiently to separate Use
ffud . scales slightly at the tip the
adults force their way within, feed
ing upon the tenderest portions in
side the buds.
I'ecr
As Foon as the first leaf surfaces
or fruit stems are exposed, egg-laying
usually begins. depending some
what on the variety of fruit attacked.
Egg-laying begins the first day
of March and continues 'until the
middle of April. Most of the eggs
ire deposited Just under the epider
mis in the fruit stems, young fruit
and leaf stems. The eggs require
about eight days to hatch.
' Larvae ;.- , -,
By the time the leaves are break
lng into full bloom the adults have
done most' of the damage caused
by their feeding; and oviposition is at
its height. Many of the earlier ap
pearing: adults are dvins off and lar
vae are beginning to appear in num
bers. The" very first larvae can us
ually be found about March 20th, and
are in maximum numbers on the
trees, feeding on the small fruit and
young foliage, from the first to the
middle of April.: Reaching their full
development, the larvae drop from
the trees of their own accord or with
falling calyces, or are blown By wind
or knocked off by rain. After the
middle of April the number on the
trees diminishes rapidly and by the
lat of April all the larvae are off
the trees and in the ground. Here
thev work down into the first three
or four Inches of hard soil below the
loose surface mulch and construct a
tiny cell, where they remain until
the following spring. . ;
The larvae mostly remain as such
im these cells until September, when
pupation begins, pupae being most
abundant during October and Novem
ber. ' Many adultsi can be found in
the ground In December, and by the
first of January practically all the
thrips are In the adult stage and ap
parently ready to emerge and go in
to the trees whenever conditions ate
right. Broadly speaking,' the thrips
spend two months in the year in the
adult, eggs and larval condition on
the trees and the other ten months
of the year as larvae, pupae ana
adults in the ground.
COXTKOL MEASURES '
. The pear thrips is in some respects
an unusual insect in that it remains
In a dormant or semi-dormant con
dition for about ten months of the
vear. Although on the trees for only
two months ouf of the twelve. It Is
Uble in this short time, in the absence
of treatment, to completely destroy
all prospect of a crp,of fruit. In
many cases within a very few days.
The trees are attacked at the period
of budswelling and blossoming, when
tlinv am most susceptible to injury.
Thes-e minute insects literally come In
in swarms, and may. U leu aionr.
completely destroy all of the rmit
f on orchard In four or five
days. Many cases have been known
where a delay of four or five days In
sprayinsr resulted in loss of the entire
crop of fruit, and in some cases half
or the buds were killed in three days
arter the thrips appeared on the tres
in great numbers. In view of this
condition it is very evident that any
means of control must Ikj very thor
ough and done in the mot exacting
manner at the proper time.
i CULTIVATION'
r .nvDiiv nn sandy soils plowing
to a depth of from seven to nine inch-
. it. IHKnr from bO to 8U
es reuu. -v " . . . . .
per cent oi uo - -
enough thrips, escape to cause great
?.?" 1 thJhnds the following
spring. .
SPRAYING
A tnliarrn extract containing
per cent nicotine, diluted at the rate
4 ft in n fi oer cent iri3tlllate-
tiiu all the thrina
. 'ixnetratcs well Into the
-TnThnd The pubescent
Stai vt tho indlTldual buds iu
the cinster, Iteing resistant to water,
seem $ to ct in the dilution in distillate-oil
emnl'lon in much the same
manner as the wick upon oil in a
lamp;.
DISTILLATE-OIL E3IULKIOX
IIOME MADE riil'l'AILlTIOX
To' make soap use this formula or
some! multiple ofsaine:
Water, gallons ... ... ... . . .6
Lye (98 per cent) pounds .. ..2
Fish iil. gallo.ns : , l 4
Put the water In a cauldron or
boiler and add the lye. When the
lye Is. thoroughly dispolved and the
water boiling, pour in the fish oil
stirring, in the meantime.' and boil
slowbr for two hours. When the
soap bas boiled sufficiently it should
give p ropy effect when etirred and
broutht up. with the ladle. This formula-gives
about 40 pounds of mod
erately firm soap.
Growers are cautioned to buy on
genuine fish oil and not -a fish oil
compound or mixture of fish oils and
vegetable oils. Herein lies part of
the secret of penetr.-.ting efficiently
cf ihe dl"Iat rmnlrlAns r?ade by
using nimal oil oap li-j emull
fier. The cot of, the socp is $.0155
per pound utada from fih oil at 35
cents a gallon.
The distillate oil stock emulsion
should be made as follows:
Hot water (boiling) gallons ....12
Fish oil or whale oil map. pounds 30
DlrtiTlate oil ' (raw) 24 to 40 de
grees Itauine. gallons 20
Have the crater boiling-, hot when
put into the spray tank and the
soap immediately wh'.le- the agitator
N running at a good speed. When
the roap is all thoroughly dissolved,
pour in the oil slowly, keeping th
mixture well agitated while the on Is
go'ng into the ta.
For a ppray tank of "209 gallons ca
pacity, five tm-n this formula can
be made at one- time.
When all the oil is In and well
mixed, pump out through the nozzle
at a good pressure (not less than 175
pounds) intr storarc tanks.'
No one should attempt to make
this stock emulsion without a pro
per spraying machine, a thorough
agitation and high pressure are Im
portant requisites. Alco, care should
be ued In having measurements rea
sonably exact; the watet boiling hot
and soap dissolved thoroughly before
any oil is put in. This stock emnl
siqn contains approximately 55 per
cent oil, and to make a 3 per cent
emulsion use five and" one-half gal
lons of this stock In each 100-gallon
tank. To dilute, first put the stock
emulsion In a spray tank (have the
agitator going) and tnen add the wa
ter, keeping the agitator mnnlng all
Vinol will Stop a Cough
and Break Up a Cold
A constitutional remedy that removes the cause by
building up the system. These elements contained
in Vinoi Beef and Cod Liver Peptones, Iron, Man
ganese and Glycerophosphates soon create an
energy that throws off the cold and prevents its
reoccurrence. 1 1 has given ninety per cent satisfac
tion for sixteen years. HERE IS PROOF:
Lafranr! fLC
I KiiTered with a chronic cold for
four aeatha, cosgned day and night,
lld to keep on working when I was
czt cble to. I taw Yinol advertised
end tried i and I wast to tell yoa it
13st cured that cold in a abort time,
t raaia raw cat and lep well, belter
eTerywtj.'V-J. c. Eagley. Dcan,N.C
For mu rnsm. .i mi. vMnl 4 til . weak w
Xnvbl old fip a 4Uc cKUdxw, Utr mm
Tcrywra I suffered with efcronle
coogh, so I coald cot tlerpnichtsand
ecntinaed to lose fl?sh. My crerxist
asced me to try Vinol. It cured try
cough. I can aieep nights and have
gained twelve pounds. Vinci is the
best tonic sM tissue builder I have ever
taken." -W. D. Ren, LagraEge.N.C.
4
T Ilk Viaot.
V-
' EMIL A. SCIIAEFEK, DRUGGIST. AND DRUGGISTS EVERY
WHERE. . - - '
the time. This Is important with ' diluted to the desired strength. These
tiie commercial preparations as well
as with the home made emulsions.
For the combination sprays of ell
emulsions and' nicotine- solution the
nicotine should be added last, that
Is after the oil emulsion baa been
solutions should not be mixed togeth
er without first diluting one of them.
This concentrated emulsion will
cost the grower about 5 cents per
(Continued on Pare 8)
I:
Chain
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MX I 1 ' i v.. M I I 1vJ ffttt!y'.v4 f .J?:! II II liM'i .- VI. I. ; - i
4 , J
Mm
ri'j "1 r- ...
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u
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' . im Oood-Tires
We know United States Tires are good tires. That's why we sell them.
G j G. .Quackenbush Auto Supply and Vulcanizing Co.
Salem Vulcanizing Works f
A. L. Boneb, Turner
Ralph ;Urban, Stayton ,
AntonefDeJardin, Gervais ;
Allen Bros., Silver ton
'' 4