1 i VIEW ON LABOR I II OPTIMISTIC Commissioner Comments on Returns of Recent Crop and Labor Survey "While a labor shortage of fronulS ! r v . I 3 1 A. -1' to 35 per cent is evident in Oregon for the bravest season, State Labor 1 Commissioner . Hoff, he believes -that a sufficient number of labor ers can be recruited to glean the ' crops, counting upon the boys work ing reserve and the loyalty of city employer In allowing their employes' tL6 to the country for a few weeks to help with the crops. 'A state ment-issued by thev commissioner based on the recent farm crop, andj taoor survey estimates mat me D creased acreage of fall wheat this year will be 45.5 per rent over 197 and spring wheat will shoy an In crease of g.6 per cent. The statement follows: "While the labor situation ,in Or egon according to the, survey and statistics gathered from other, reli able sources .indicates a shortage rarying from 15 to 35 per cent and dependent a great deal upon location and consequent isolation of the farm? ; In districts where the greatest short, ages exist On the whole, however. f I am inclined to view the future of the harvest from the labor stand point somewhat optimjsticajly and feel that when the time arrives f or the performance of this work there will be a sufficient numfier on hand, to a greater or lesser degree unskill ed, to be sure, to cope with the situ ation. The survey returns show a 'Variation from 10.000 all-year help to 17,000 haying-help in farm labor needs, aa Indicated by the percentag of returns upon this question from the farmers. The United States cen sus returns for 1910 show a total of 46,070 farmers in the state to 33.312 farm laborers, on dairy and general farms lncluhivelyi Allowing for a reasonable and conservative increase of 10 per cent In bptbrof these class ifications we would ' have possibly 60,000 farmers and 36,000 laborers. "While the enlistments for . war and the extraordinary ; prices paid by h -war industries in the cities hate attrattted labor from; the farm. It rs believed that the adoption of a uniform wage -of $60 per month in Children Cry Tho Iliad Yon Have'AIvravs -i.i r m w .1 I.I in use for over over 30 years, has borne the signature of All Counterfeits, Imitations Experiments that trifle "with, uana ana uniiarcn .Experience against Experiment, :What- isCWSTORIA - : Castoria is a harmless snbstitttte for Castor Oil, Paregoric, Drops and Soothing Syrups. , It is pleasant. It contains "neither Opium, Morphine nor other narcotic substance. Its age is its guarantee. For more than thirty years it has "been in constant use for the relief of Constipation, Flatulency, .."Wind Colic and Diarrhoea; allaying Feverishness arising therefrom, and by regulating the Stomach and Bowels, aids , the assimilation of 'Pood; giving healthy and natural deep. The Chillrea's PanaceaThe Mother's Friend.' csiuiris CASTORIA always . . ft'- " . ' m ? yyociaa uic -re .j Ifl Use For Over 30 Years The lUnd You Have Always Bought ' wTuw cmpwv. ywvoi OTV. Yl Class The Oregon Statesman 215 S. Commercial phone 23 the wheat raising counties of the stat trill have a tendency to over come this difficulty in a large degree while at the same time it will re move two other difficulties hereto fore experienced that of doing away with the bidding between farmers for labor and eliminating to a consider able extent at least, the constant movement of transient labor on the lookout for better , pay. " "Probably the greatest shortage of seasonable help wi'l be experi enced fn the . berrv fields end or- chards of the fruit producing section .. . . o line siaie. jne nrjiauizaiu'u "i the United States Hoy's Working Re serve under the authority of the de partment of agriculture and the di rection, in Oregon of Farm Help Specialist J. V Brewer, in which it is estimated the recruits win ap- proximate 10,f00. will ser ve. to re. lieve this condition very materially as the boys, women, and eirls f the state can perform the labor without hardship ad to their pecuniary ben efit. - "There are thousands of skilled farm laborers engaged in other more or less essential industries In tho state which,- through some system of voluntary action on their part and that of thejr employers and an effi cient organization, could b utilised to the greatest benefit for emergency work in the harvest season. The release also of soldiers in training in the camp eimtonnients for harvpst work, as has. been contemplated by the government, will relieve the sit uation insofar as the war products are concerned very materially. "In this time of stress when the future of our nation Is at stake thcr Is no sacrifice too great for any of us to make and the voluntary en listment inith a war harvest organi zation would be rendering invalna ble service to the country and its cause. Onr soldiers are willing to go into the trenches, dig ditches, build railroads, and ri?k their lives, and many of our citizens can well afford to devote a part of their time to serve In the furrows and In the harvest fields. The women who can alwavs be depended upon in any emergencv will play an important part in all lines of war industry and I believe they will form a very Im portant part In the successful con duce of the war sarvest. "The farmers, too, have learned a valuable less on In the benefits to be gained by co-operative commun ity and exchange of labor as a result of last year's cxpcrlece and 'this kowledge has already had its effect upon advance orgaization and pre- for Flotchor'o' "Bonrht " and -urniVV f,9'ise- f 1 D ) trui ana nas oeen xaade under tus per sonal Irsloa since its infancy. and Just-as-good "are but and endanger the health of oignarare or : 1 IS THIS Jl JK Hill SIV If SME Only the passers-by will know if you have a placard on your house, but Thousands will see f vou use a 31 In TIIE I paration for the approatching bar I vests. The granges and farmer's un- ions are active and ef fectual agen cies of organization and co-operative effort and their good offices have bee not Inestimable value in emerg encies such as these. "While the farm .crop and labor survev returns show a comparatively small percentage of reports from all farmers in the state, they, however, idicate a satisfactory and encourag ing increase in acreage f the most essential crops, as compared in 1917. which, taking into consideration with a average normal yield, in contrast 'with at least, 40 per -rent decrease In yiled in the staple products of 1917, give promise of abundant increases in yields in all the Important crops over those of last year. "One of the most satisfactory indi cations of increase in acreage Is that shown for both winter and spring wheat. The former, as indicated by the report, will show an increase of ..! ner cent in acreaee over 1917 while spring Wheat shows an Increase of 5.6 per rent. The great increase of winter wheat over spring wheat is accounted for undoubtedly from the farmers' beefit as a result or their . experience of last year, when owing to the extended dry -season a lare prcentase of the spriifg grain failed to mature, whereas the fall sown grain yielded at least fair ov erage. . "The spring wheat yield was 40 per cet below the ten-year average of IS. 8 bushels per acre, while the win ter wheat yield was but 29 per cent below the ten-year average of 21.9 bushels per. acre. Taking the pros pective increase In acreage and a reasonable assumption of an average annual yield of 23 bushels per acre Into consideration, using as a basis the acreage planted to winter and spring wheat in 1917. as deduced by a collaboration of government sta tistics with survey returns, the 'in dications are that the wheat yield for 1918 will he 19.739.000 busheM. as compared to, 12.311.000 bushels i 1917 ad 19.500,000 bushels In 1916. (U. S. IJtireao of Crop Estimate Re ports). "The same condition is practically true with every other staple crop with possible one or two exceptions, the government reports upon which show conditions at this time ranging from 97 per cent of normal winter wheat npon April 1. 1918, as against 84 per cent for the corresponding date for 1917, and 100 per cent for rye aa compared to 94. per cent for 1917. The ten-year average condi tion for winter wheat on April 1 is 83.6 per cent, while that for rye. is 97 per cent. "Aside from grains those crops which suffered most severe from dry weather conditions last year include, among the most Important, potatoes and beans.' Government reports show the total acreage of beans har vested in 1917 was 14.000. an In crease of 230 per cent over the 1916 acreage harvest and 29 per cent of the total acreage planted abandoned. The acreage report in the crop sur vey for 1917 (914 Sacres) is 40 per rent of the acreage reported by the government, with a decrase of 13.6 per cent for 19 IS as compared to 1917 acreage indicated by the report. it would still leave an increase acre age of 233 per cent for 1918 over 1917, or about 17,000 acres, which with conservative a vera re. of COO pounds to the acre would yield 141, 600 bushels, or 50.600 busheds more than in 1917. The same condition aplies to tbe potato prospects for 1918, which. like beans. Is an alto gether uncertain crop as to acreage in yield. "Owing to the confusion which seemed to prevail as to what data was war ted in relation to hay acre age and the variance of interpreta tions placed upon the questionnaire questions, it was impossible to se cure n accurate report upon thse crops. This is especially true of al falfa, clover, timothy, and grain hays. Alfalfa, clover and timothy, producing successive crops from a single sowing, were grouped by some as both. old and new acreage, while others listed the new acreage, hence the acreage as given for 1918 Is in correct nd misleading. Conserva tive estimates by agricultural au thorities place the probable Increase in. acreage of alfalfa at 13. & per cent, and timothy and clover at 10 per cent, respectively. "The great percentage of the grain cnt for hay consists. of that trimmed from around the edges of the grain neld preparatory for the harvests and this acreage, which Is consider able, is not taken into consideration In the listing of grain hay acreage fo rthe purposes of this survey. !,ast year. too. owing to the extended sea son of dry weather, much of the grain acreage was cut for hay. With normal weather conditiona this yar Til M PAD Ad OREGOX STATESMAN: TUTOSPAT. BE PRETTY! TURN GRAY HAIR DARK Try Grandmother's Old Fa vorite Recipe of Sage Tea " and Sulphur Almost everyone knows that Sage Tea and Sulphur, piopeily com pounded, brings back' the natural color and lustre to ' the hair wh n faded, streaked or 'gray. Years ago the only way to get this mixture was to make it at home, which Is iniissy and troublesome. Nowadays, by ask ing a any drug store for "Wycth's Sage and Sulphur Compound." you will get a large bottl of this famous old it ripe .improved by the addition of other ingredients, at a small co?t. Don't stav gray! Try it- No one can. possibly tell that you darkened your hair, as It does it so naturally and evenly. You dampen fa sponge or srtt brush with it and draw this through your hair, taking one small strand at a time; by morning the gray hair disappears, and after an other application or two. your hair becomes beautifully dark, glossy and attractive. . .1 Wyth's Sage and Sulphur; Tom pound is a delightful toilet refrulstte for those who desire; dark hair and a youthful appearance. It is not In tended for the cure, mitigaion or prevention of disease. x this situation will not prevail and the acreage harvested for grain will tie greatly in preponderance with a consequent reduction la harvested in the hay acreage. Acreage of other hays Is always problematical and seldom correctly reported. The reports upon livestock was incomplete in many of the principal livestock counties of the state and the returns are. In most instances. Incorrect and misleading. This is especially true of cheep, as. some of the largest sheep producing counties of the stat did not have an oppor tunity to report, owing to spaser set tlement and widely scattered ranch es, hence the sheep returns are in accurate for the purpose of compar ison. This applies to' Harney and Malheur counties, two of the largest sheep producing counties in th Northwest, either of which contain upwards of 80,000 sheep on their respective ranges. The last two col umns in the tabulation, herewith, are government figures on livestock oa hand for 1917 and 1918. The principal agricultural crops are estimated as follow: Crop. - Inerased ' V Area per cent. Est. yield 1913 bushels. 1.840.400 9.639.488 10.099,530 12.595.500 7.368.540 911.423 32.040 Corn for silo.'... 44.2 Wheat (winter).. 45.5" Wheat (sprin)... 5.5 Oats lo.O Barley 6.S Rye . . 60.4 Buckwheat 182.0 Alfalfa hay. . . 13.5 Clover hay ..... r 1 0,6 Vetch hay,. .'. 26.5- 2.069.760 Timothy hay 10.0. Grain hay : : Other toys..' " t Beans - -13.6 Peas ... ..v. 22.5 Potatoes . . . .1 4.3 112.500 1.831 8,000,000 Root c rt.ps. . .: . . . 11.4 Livestock; Dairy cows 80.530 Rulls. dairy or beef - 5J269 Reef cows 55,941 Steers . . . . . 35,278 Horses and mules. 62,4 so Rams 6.969 Mutton sheep 43.617 Breeding ewes. .. .310.222 Roars 1.62 89.639 7.557 70.505 51.293 79.916 11.959 65.405 439.607 2.493 19.104 Rrood sows. . 14.693 Other hogs 69.221 67.340 f- Minns sign Indicates decrease. () Indicates tons. - Kay Predicts Ryan Will . Yin in Voting Tomorrow Stale Treasurer Kay yesterday made the prediction' that iudee Thomas K. Ryan will show his strength over all other candidate In the election tomorrow for the Re publican nomination for the office now held by Kay. "Some tif the candidates are strong in one place, but not well known In another." said Mr. Kay, "while Judge Ryan is known over y where. The contest pceius to lo lefveen Ryan and Hoff. and I think Ryan will easily receive tbe iomina:'on. He will carry Marion county without question." County Is Asked to Grade and Macadamize Highway All but 315.000 of th 8188. 849.C9 in Ilean-Rarrett IkmkIs avail able for the years 1917, 19 IS and 1919 will be used in Marion county, according -to G. Ed. Ross, secretary of state highway commission. The $13.00 mtIU be used in Tillamook county. In return for application or the funds to this countr r.nd for the paving this year of tho Slem Aurora stretch of the Parifl.? high way, the rommisfion I ins'-rting that Marion cotjnty pay the jprs of grading and macadamising the hiEh way from Salem to Jef"er.on. The county court has returned no l?finite answer. The commission.! declares this was the condition tn which improvement of the SaJf-m-Aurora stretch has been undertaken. fJIRL SiaCKT-RS TO lin CALLKD. The "girl slacker" is to be the tar get of a concerted attack by the Speakers Bureau In the Wisconsin Division of tha Woman's Committee, Council of National Defense. "The idle giil, the girl with no definite plan for the future, the gtrl who is not now preparing for, useful work," is io te maie to feel that an obi! Mmn io uo ner part in tne war rests on her no less than upon her brother. Girls are to be. urged to fit themselves for nurses, teachers or MAY 16. 1P1 The Fireless Cooker in the Farm Home Too can't afford to be without one. The fireless cooker can save fuel In winter and mike your kitchen com fortable in summer. It will give yon better food. It will aave you time and labor for you can have your din ner cooking while you attend to other duties or go'away from come. Wake one Tor yourself. It raay cost lest than a dollar and will pay for Itself In time and fuel saved. Or bay a ready-rpade one. llow a Fireless Cooker Cooks. First tbe food is made as hot as it can be on the stove, then It Is pnt immediately into the cooker. Once there, it stays hot and keeps on cook log. a The walls of the fireless cook er keep the heat in just as the walls of a good refrigerator keep the heat out. . j Materials needed for a fireless cooker are: 1. The outside container any good-sized box or bucket with a tight cover a grocery hex. a bu'tcr firkin, a wooden candy bucket, a 100-pound lard can, or a new garbage can. 2. Packing material soft hay, excelsior. gTOtisd cork, sawdust. tightly crumpled newspapers, or any other good non-conductive material that can be packed in closely. This packing material forms a nest for the cooking vcsseL j . 3. Tha nest lining a metal or enamel backet and sheet asbestos to cover tbeVJcket. The backet must have straight sides and a lid and must be of such a size as to allow at least three inches of packing ma terial between it and the outside con tainer, top, bottom, and sides. 4. The cooking vessel' a vessel with a tight lid to fit closely Into the nest lining and yet slip in and out easily, or two or three of the small ones especially made for the fireless. The. best kind is of enamel, granite or aluminum. 5. Cardboard to'makeAhe col lar. ' 6. The. cushion denim or mus lin stufred with the packing material. Thla cushion Is to be pressed down across the top under the outside ltd. 7. Two scapstone disks pur chasable at a hardware store. They are not needed for all cooking., but with. them you can cook more quick ly and in greater variety. ' To make the fireless cooker: 1. Line the outside I container with newspaper It a wooden box Is used. " 2. Pack the bottom of the Outside container compactly, with a layer of the packing material to the depth of three inches or more. 3. Cut a circle of asbestos two inches larger in diameter than the nest lining. Place the asbestos mat in the center of the-packing. - 4. Cut a strip of asbestos big enough to cover completely the out side walls of the bucket which Is to serve as the nest lining, and tie It In place, - j 5. Place the bucket with Its as bestos covering directly In the center on the asbestos mat. Ilold In place and tightly fill In the space between the walls of the outside coft- Italner with the packing ' material J Pack in solidly to. within one-half inch of the top or the bucket The success of your cooker depends large ly upon the tightness with which you crown In the packing material, which prevents the heat from escaping from your hot food. . Cut a piece of cardboard to fit la the outside container. Cut a hole In the middle of it .which will fit closely over the bucket which forms the nest lining. This "collar holds the packing material In place. 7. Make the cushion for the top by cutting two pieces of cloth the sice of the cutside container and putting, them together with straight strip of cloth three Inches wide. Stuff with the nackinr m. terial. s. Outside finishings. If a box Is used for the outside container, the lid should be hinged and fastened down with a hook. If it is of wood paint or. stain it a dark color. Casters make it convenient to move about. some precautions in using the fireless cooker are: Don t let the food or disks cool before you put them In the fireless. The food will not cook unless there is enough heat shut up with it. Re beat the ftfo'd that requires long cooking. If it cools before it Is fin ished. Reheat the food before serv Ing. If -necessary. A small quantity of food cools quickly, so either use the disks-or put a small vessel con talnlng the food in the regular cook Ing vessel and surround It with hot water. Soapstone disks will Increase the nsefulness of your cooker. They can be heated hotter than tho boiling point of water and when shut up la the fireless furnish heat which cooks the food. If you made your fireless according to directions, you can safe ly use the disks. Heat thqm very hot. but do not let them get red hot for fear of cracking. With one below you will be able to roast meat or even i. Hv bread or puddings. Without the disks your fireless Is useful only for certain kinds of food cereals, beans, pot. roasts, stews, etc things that can be cooked In water. Some fireless ; cooker specialties are: Cereals Prepare as for the stove, but use one-sixth less water. Boll for ten minutes, or longer with coarser cereals. Place In the cooker boiling hot and leave six or eight hours or over night Meats. Buy cheaper cuts. The fireless can make tongh meat tender. Creole Stew. One pound lean beef or one medium fowl, two cups toma toes, one enp carrots or okra cut small, one cup chopped sweet pep pers, one-half cup rice, one-fourth cup chopped onion, one teaspoon alt. one tablespoon fat. Cut the meat in small pieces or cut the fowl Into joints. Melt the fat add the onions, peppers, meat or chicken. Brown for a Tew minutes. Put in cooking ves sel with seasoning, rice, vegetables, and one cup boiling water. Simmer for one-half hour and pat In fireless for three hours without disks or two hours with them. With chicken and okrar this Is the famous Creole chick en of the South. Roasts. Sear the roast, season, place in the cooklnff vessel between two hot disks. Do not add water. Al low twenty-five minutes per pound. Soup Stock. Cut up meat, crack bones, and cover with cold watr. Let it reach the boiling point, then place la cooker for several hours. ' Dried .Fruits aid Vegetables. Peas, beans, corn, dried fruit soak in water nntil restored to the original size. Boll a few minutes, then keep n the cooker six to twelve hours. Baked beans or peas are especially good cooked in tbe fireless. For more recipes send to the U. S. Department of Agriculture. Washing ton. D. C, for Farmers Bulletin 771, "Homemade Fireless Cookers and Their Use." HKLrs ron the iiocsewtfk. To Cut Batter. Fold a piece of waxed paper in which the butter has been wrapped over the knife, wet the paper, before beginning to cnt. and the butter will hare cUan, straight edges. A Ball for Baby. A. worsted.ball makes an excellent plaything for a little baby. If It is suspended from his carriage or crib It will help him to learn to focus his eyes, and he will be amused by It for a long time. When the child Is a little older let him sit on a quilt on the floor and play with several balls in the six pri mary colors, red, orange, yellow, green, blue and Tlolet. " To Unseal An Envelope. Steam the flap over the teakettle spout, or wring a cloth out of water and place over the envelope flap, then press with a hot Iron. "Enclose the for gotten message, dipping.- or snap shot, and In the absence of muscflage or paste, it may be reseated with the white of an egg. No Substitutes for Milk. The U. S. Food Administration emphasizes that it has never advised the public to decrease whole milk consumption or attempt to substitute other food for milk. This statement is Issued to make clear that the effort to stop the waste of milk Is in no way aimed at reduced consumption. To Remove Sewing Machine OIL If a spot of oil gets on the material you are working on, do not despair but promptly rub the spot on both sides of cloth with a block of mag- Good Printing is A MASK OP GOOD BUSINESS ,- THE JOB PRINTING DEPARTMENT OP THE STATESMAN PUBLISHING CO. HAS ONE AIM THE BEST IN QUALITY AND SEE VICE PHONE 583 215 S. COMMERCIAL UPSTATES LAST CONTEST TO BE TONIGlii High School Has Progrfca Junior Class Winners cf Debate Yesterday The last of a, series of six pi- speaking contests Iv-tirra i school classes will take place ia t school assembly hall tonikL. It consist of selections by mnu lives from each clas eitlrrea is t. seclions. The following are la u. "serious" division: Letlie Sprier -senior; Howard Sanders. Jut.-' Kathryn Gibbard. sophomore. TV ' whose numbers will 1- hucorr are Lloyd Waltz, senior: Kit. Ioose. Junior, and Turfirld Fi:.. ler. sophomore. Yesterday afternoon the st . junior debate, another prorr .s the series, was woo by the thlM y . c lass by a 2 to I decision. Tfc& 3 the winning Junior team were aid Ryan, Thomas Tuve. and Ho'--Notson. Judges were Rev. rj. r. Holt. Professor J. O. Hall and i: , LMyrtle Maon. PRESIDENT m NOT VETO BILL WASHINGTON. May 1 Pr"' dent Wilson today declined. to vcj the bill passed by congress ctaac:;? the. basis of army draa qootas In, state population to the bitjW f men In Class 1 because of bji 2 to the -elimination f the plan i giving credits lor volunteer. In a letter to Senator IT- I as .' California, who has asked that ti bill be returned to ccngress, U president said:, . - "I admit there are two sides i: tbe qneeUoa about allowing 't red :v for volunteers; In conducting ti draft, but I am convinced that ti Interests of the country in the rat ter of winning the war will bert U served by the measure as It rUr HEAVY BATTLE IS ANTICIPATED STOCKHOLM. May IS. Accord ing to the Tidnlgen. further fcstirr between the Russians and Finns a in prospects. le reports that U frontier is blocked with mastes t troops and predicts a heavy battle. RAILWAY JU.XCTIOX TAKES' Harbin. Saturday, May 11. Tit Kaiimskaya railway Junction tii been captured by General Semenot. the anfl-Bolsbevik leader. Military railroad engineers fct-t beea dispatched to restore the n' -way in the rear of therctrcating X J sbevikL The people in whole dIHricts it dying of starvation owing to the U'.l of transportation of foodstuffs. nesia; in a few moments the spot Tl disappear. Starch can be used u successfully we are to!L Here Is a Clever Idea for An A nouncement Luncheon. Follow I; i the old saw. the guests may lltera.il;--. "Let the eat out or the bag. A papcf bag at each place does not bctrtr any suspicion of the secret wlthia. Small pasteboard cats can be easily made and painted black. "malUs" or yellow. The yellow ribbon, whlck ties on the cards, completes the csL The. bags must be blown up after tt cats have been placed In them, axl then tied tightly with yellow rlbboas. With a centerpiece of yellow daisies, plates of corn bread, yellow tst-l cocktails, and salted almonds, tit table will look very festive E. X si ' sienograpners. and one on top of the cooking vessel x