o 71 JJ o JJUJl Si3 o 0 OREGON CITY, OREGON, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER lO, 1870. NO. 4L4L. O o v v 11 JLIJL D Th2 Wb&ly Enterprise. DEMOCRATIC rAPER, o O FOR THE Business Man, the Farmer jPtt CIRCLE ISSUED EVERY SATURDAY DY A. NOLTNER, f EPITOI. AND PUBLISHER. OFFICE Owner of Fifth and Main streets Oregon City, Oregon. TERMS of SUBSCRIPTION: j on Single Copyne year, in auvauct, j ' 77 3 V o .1 VER TISI.XG : Tr indent advertisements, including all T 1 notioes. ,- of 12 l.nes, 1 vv.$ 2 50 For Mch subsequent insertion 1 00 on?c,,iu:na, Vear' ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; 00 ai.trfer u-huhhs Card, I sq-iarc one year. 41 12 S- Rsmltl tnre to be made at the risk o SnJtcribert, ibert. and at the expense of Agents. BOOK- AXD JOB PRINTING. The Enterprise office is supplied with h-a-itiful. approved styles of type, and mod ern M VCiUN'S I'UKSSKS. which will enable t!ie Proprietor t do J b Plinting at all times Xeat, Quick and Cheap I S3" Wrk solicited. . . AH li-iiiw transactions upon a Specie basis. AW PARTNERSHIP. J AS. K. KELLY, lle-u.K'U 'O, Columbia st bet. 2.1 ua)i 1 sts. J. n. REED, Residence corner of Columbia and 7 th sts. Jos. K. Kelly ar:d J. II. R.ed, under the -s linn name of U KELLY HEED, Will practice law in the Courts of Oregon Uiiice on First street, near Alder, over the new Post office room, Port.and. (-iotf I AXSIXG STOUT. Attorney and Counselor at Law, Oiliw Under the United States District Court U.)o:ii. Front street. 40tf pAGJ& Til A YEP,, ATTORNEYS AT LAW, OFFICE In Crce's Building, corner of Fioiit and Stark Greets, Puriland 2:tl o o J. F. CAPI.E J. C. MORELAND. (DAPLES ,t MOHELAND, ATTORNEYS AT LAW, Cur. FROX T and I VASiliXG TUX Sts., PORTLAND, OREGON. I A'CiKNK A. CUONIX, JA TTOJIXEY A T LA W, Rooms 7 and H farter's Hlook, 4. PO 11 T 1 A N D, O li EuO . W.KOSS, M. D., Physician and Saresn, o "OTice on Mam Stieet, opposite Mason- lLid, Oregon City. I3tf SAFFAUUAXS, Phyoician and Surgeon, lf7 O fli ce at his Drug Store, near Post OmJe, Oregon City, Oren. iar' J. WELCH, DEXTIST. auenivy Located at Oregon, City, Oregon ROOMS With Dr. Saflarrans. on Main st. r 11. Yv AJKINS, M.D., SURGEON. FoiiTr.vxn, Obko n. OFFICE Odd Fellows' Temple, corner First and Mder streels Residence corner of Mjiu and Seventh streets. ALAfJSpfd SMITH, Attorney and Connselor at Law, IItOCTOit ASD SOLICITOR. AV0CAT. Tractices in State and V. S. Courts. Ojjice Xo. 10S Front Slrcet.PorlhtiuL Oregon, Opposite McCormick's Uook Store. . : ar n tj ra Saloon." JEXT & PLU3IEY,. DI TENSERS OF Choice Wines, Liquors & Cigars, Main st., Oregon City. tT" Call, and TloSert Potter will show ynu through the establishment. 13tt W. F. HIGHFIELD, O Established since lSIO.at tlic old stand, .Vim Street, Oregon City, Oregon. An Assortment of Watches, Jew elry, and Seth Thomas' weight Clocks, all of which are warranted to be a represented. Repainusrs done on short notice, 1 id thankful for past favors. o CLAEK GUESNMA1T, City Orayraan, tsi 0HEG0X CITY. 5- All orders for the delivery of merchan dised) r packages and freisht of whatever des cription. to any part of the city, willbeexe c t'e l promptly and with care. JMPKRIAL MILLS. Savier, LaTtoque & Co., OR EG OX CITY. t"Tvecn constantl0.n hand foi sale, floor Midline, Pran and Chicken Feed. Parties parching feed must furnish the sacks. 6 Live and Let Live." J7IELDS & STRICKLER, DEALERS IN" PROVISIONS, GROCERIES, COUNTRY PRODUCE, &c, CHOICE WINES ASD LIQUORS. jpAt the old stand of Woitman &, Fields Oregon Cit; , Oregon. i3tf JOHN II. SCII RAM. Manufacturer and Dealer in SADDLES, HARNESS, etc., etc.. , Main Street, Oregon (,;ity, jgry Wishes to represent that lie is now as well prepared to furnish any article in his line as the largest establishment in the State. He particularly requests that an examination of his stock be made before buying elsewhere. GEO. XOAU. JAMES MORR SO". INTERNATIONAL HOTEL, Formerly Now Columbian, Corner Front and Morrison Slretts, POIlTIiAXD, OUEGOX. NOAH &. MORRISON, PROPRSETORS. Free Coach to rT from Julv 10th tf (lie House OREGON CITY BREWERY ! II E X R Y II U5IBE L, Having purchased the above Brewer' wish es to inform the public thnt he is now prepar ed to manufacture a Xo. 1 quality of IMAGER BEE It, As ?ood as can le obtained anj where in the Stale. Orders solicited and promptly rilled. JOIIX' 31. BACON, Importer and Dealer in JZJZ Z32 GO& 9 STATIONERY, TERFUMERY. &c, Ac, Oregon Ci'-y, Oregon. At Chfirman IVarners old aUtnd, lately oc cupied by S. Ackerrnan, Main street. 10 tf STEERS' & HINDE0 Wholesale Dealers in FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC "Wines. Tt randies. M7il.s7les, Ez No. 4Tj, Front Strkft, TonTLAxn, Orf.gcs. Constantly on hand a genuine article oi C'lttei Wh.sky. CI1AS. HODGE.. CHAS. E. CA LEF . . GEO. W. SXELL. ROUGE, CiiLEF t Co., DEALERS IX DRUGS and MEDICINES, PAINTS, OILS, ASD WINDOW GLASS, rARJTSriES, BRUSHES, PA IX TEES Materials, una Liriujijhis Sundries. 07 Front Stieet, So. Portland, Oregon. S THIS FOR HIGH? PAUL GRISBSR Having tho -r u l.ly 1 econslructi-d inside and ut. I.osru building, formerly occupied by ('has. Freidenrich, has pei.d the same, where the best of W'lne, Deer and Clfars, ran be had. A s'lare of public patronage is respectfully solicited. Aug. 20:"m:J COSFilOPOLaTAri HOTEL (Fornieily Ariigoia's,) Front Street Portland, Oregon. J. B. SPREHGSR, PROPRIETOR. rpiTE PROPRIETOR OF THIS WELL JL known House having superior accom odations, guarantees enure satisfaction to all puests. 2.7 f he Hotel Coach will be in attendance to convey pasellsers and baggage to and from the llotel, tree of charge. Othce Oregon and California Stage Co. Aug. l:tf Patronize Home Industry. THE PIONEER CURLED HAIR MANUFACTORY SNOW PREPARED TO SUPPLY THE market w;th a No. 1 article of Curled Hair tor Upholstery work, which vvili com pare with any imported article In quality or price. I p:iy the highest price for Manes and Tails of Horses and Tails of Cows at niv store, coruer Front aud Salmon streets. I. MF.TZ'.FR, Portland. Oregon. jTEW YORK HOTEL, (Dentfches Gafthans,) o. 17 Front Street, opposite the Mail steam ship lauding, Portland. Oregon. H. H0TKF0S, J. J. WILXENS, PROPRIETORS. J Board per Week " " ' with Lodging. , " " Day $5 00 . G 00 . 1 00 How the Poor Man Pays a Heavy Taxt3 the Government. It is a law of principle in all de partments of commerce and trade, that the cost of production gov erns the price of the artisles pro duced, unless it is in some cases where capital has been transferred from one branch of industry to another under the protection of Government, as for illustration un der the operation' of the present, odious tariff S3-stem, which trans fers capital from the agricutural to manufacture interests, which latter the Government protects by im posing a heavy duty upon foreign manufactured v goods, at the ex pense of agrieiilturc. YVhatever is the rate imposed it is added to the home manufactured article, and its price is by so much in creased. But capital having been largely withdrawn from agri culture and receiving no protec tion from the Government, nor foreign demand for its products, because a high tariff has driven commerce from our shores, and prohibits exchange of products be tween tills and other. countries, the cost of production to the farmers is not realized in the price they received for their wheat, barley and other articles. This excep tion to the rule, however, that the price of the article is governed by the cost of production, is the re sult, solely of the unjust and inqui tious workings of a tariff system, that robs the many of the pro ceeds of their toil and transfers them to to the pockets of the rich. The poor man pays the tax the same as the rich ; and as the num ber of poor men are largely in the ascendency, averaging nine to one in the population of the country, they of course aud of necessity pay more tax than the rich. As incontestable evidence that the poor man does pay tax, and a larger tax than the rich man, we call attention to the articles of daily consumption. o matter, now, what may have been the original cost of the article, the manufac turer or producer has his profit which is added to the original cost ; the profits of the commission mer chant, the wholesale dealer, and all the cost for transportation, are idded to the price of the cjoods. X'ow the poor man the laborer and the mechanic purchases oi the retailer, and pays ail the tax and other costs noon the article from the manufacturer to the re tail dealer. Thus, the poor man who is the largest consumer pay: the larirest share ot taxes. i et there are many politicians so silly or dishonest as to contend that the poor man pays no tax that it is the rich man on whom the burden of taxation falls. Out upon sucl stupid nonsense, or low, knavish deception and cunning hypocrisy iut iei us enquire lurtner : 1 lie poor man pays the same on all his groceries as the ncn man ; he pay the same on the clothing for his family as the rich man; he pays the same tariff 011 iron, steel, tools, farming implements, and other av tides with which he works. There is no article of daily consumption upon which there is a tax, that the poor man does not pay as much a the rich. But more, and what is more shameful, outrageous, and un just, the poor man is taxed upon his axe, his grubbing hoc his kit o tools or his plow, and the proceeds of his labor earned with these very instruments are niched from him in the form of other taxes, to pav the interest to bond-holders who have invested their thousands in Government bonds, and who cut off their c 11 pons upon which they ire not taxed ' a cent. It is the poor man, then, who pays the .11 v argest amount of taxes, and sweats and toils from sun to sun, only to be robbed of a lare pro portion of his earnings, pays in ad dition to his taxes, the bloated de bauched idlers and leeches, the in terest in gold on their bonds. Poor men should study the facts, and remember the party which has so oppressed and burdened them to maintain villainous monopolies and debauched bond-holders. There is still another way in which poor men pay tax. We will suppose a capitalist to have invested his money in dwelling houses upon which he pays State, county, municipal and income tax. He rents these tenements to poor men who are unable to buy a home of their own, and all these taxes are added to the price of the rent, which comes out of the poor man's pocket. And further in ad dition to the high rent with taxes added, the owner must have his interest on the original investment, which in the present state of Gov- eminent, under the control of scoundrels, outlaws, thieves, nig gers and conspirators, is at least ten per cent, and which the poor renter has to pay. Under the Mongrel Government the poor man is completely owned by the capitalist. He is as much a slave as ever was the nigger on a southern plantation, and the very men the puritanical winners, psalm-singers, bible-bangers, hyp ocrites and nigger-worshippers of the God ami-morality party, whose sympathy for the nigger slave found vent in putting bayonets to the hearts of white freemen, are the ones who raised the hue and cry that the slave was robbed of his earnings by his master, which were his own by right, are now robbing w.hite men and oppress ing them a hundred times greater than was ever the southern slave under the most cruel master. About Dcgs. Said a dear friend to us the oth er day: "Better the good-will even of a dog, than his ill-will." Excuse us for not accepting ev ery bone of an idea thrown at us. Because a man says it is only four hundred miles from New York to Chicago, we are not bound to be lieve him. The good will of a dog is all right, but we have seen more clothes soiled, dirtied, pawed, torn and mussed till they were spoiled b)- these good-natured dogs than we ever saw torn by bad dogs. These good-natured, mussing pups that paw their dirty feet over your clothes try a man s temper more than all the curs in the world. They are the ones who leave stains on you who, in kindness cover von with spots and make people think you are more free with dogs than dignified 111 your manhood. We have seen filled with ill-will bark but what of it? His is a poor sort of equanimity the bark of a dog disturbs. Sometimes a mad-dog bites at a man then kill the dog. AYe have seen dogs full of good-will paw and spoil many a suiL Have seen ill-willed dogs go by with their heads and tails down but never biting at a man who knows where to place them. And what matters it whether a dog cares for you at nil? We can live without dogs be they two or four footed ones. Dogs eat up all our earnings, bring us fleas, hair, .and dirt. They are not necessary to our salvation or success. If you want their good will, all right. But we do not care to spend an hour or a moment of a valuable life tickling dogs or fitting them to paw us over and mark our clothes. The best way is to do as you please then the dog will think you are master. Some people like dogs. Some women think more of a dog than of a baby. Some women pet, fon dle, caress dogs till their clothes be full of lleas, or till their mouth be all dog-spittle and say it is so sweet. But every one to their taste. If women like or love dogs it is none of our busines, no more than it is of theirs what we think of such people. When you see a man playing with doll-babies, and women in love with dogs, you "will see "spoons." Yon will see per sons whose chief bump is amative ness, and who are of about as much use to the world as a scared dog with a tin-kettle tied to his tail would be worth to hold a can dle to catch fleas by. Democrat, "Restes." Many of our read ers may may not have a fair un t ,.,.i:., c 11 ueiMauuiiig in uiu uuin ieue, which occurs so constantly just now in our foreign dispatches, and whose rise and fall seems to consti tute the financial Barometer of Paris. They are the funded debt debt of France, not, however, in the form of bonds; but simply loans from, the people. 1 hese loans are entered to the credit of the lenders on the Government ledgers, and draw a specified rate of interest. The holders of the debt are called "renters," and the fluctuations in its value denote pop ular distrust or confidence in the Government. As a man was driving cattle and wishing to alter their course, he called out to a boy a short distance ahead, to turn them. Says the boy, they are right side out now. Well, head them then. They have heads on. Whose boy are you? I don't know; I'll go and ask mother Ladies can draw a beau into a knot at the hymcnial altar. The Mormon Currency. The September number of the Overland contains the following: The Mormons reached Salt Lake Yalley in an utterly impoverished condition. The cash capital of the entire community would not proba bly have exceeded 81,000. The California migration furnished them a market for their surplus products; but, as they had but small use for money, they preferred taking of the miners instead some thing which they could either eat, drink, or wear, and not procurable at home. As they increased in numbers and means merchants es tablished themselves among them, thus enabling them to use their small stores of money in the pur chase of needed supplies." Their, I great distance from market, and the small proportion ot their crops Avhich would bear transportation, have, however, at all times made money extremely scarce, and have led to the perpetration of a com plicated and often amusing system of barter. Hundreds of farmers, living in comfortable circumstances and having large families to clothe and educate, will not see a dollar in money for years. Such a far mer wishes to purchase a pair of shoes for his wife. He consults the shoemaker, who avers his wil lingness to furnish the same for one load of wood. He has no wood, but sells a calf for a quantity of adobes, the adobes for an order on the merchant payable in goods, and the order for a load of wood and straight way the matron is shod. Seven watermelons purchase a ticket of admission to the thea ter. He pays for the tuition of his children seventy-five cabbages per quarter. The dressmaker receives for her services four squashes pei day. He settles his Church dues in sorghum molasses. Two loads of pumpkins pay his annual sub scription to the newspaper. The Cheap Chinese. The American mechanic and skilled laborer is not afraid of com petition. He welcomes to this country 'the -oppressed people of Europe, and is perfectly able to take care of himself. But he does not wih to be un- lerbid, and the work taken out of lis hands, and the-bread from his mouth, by cheap importations of inferior and ignorant men from Asia. The wholesale engagement of Chinese who receive utterly in significant wages in their own country, are ready to be swindled u-re, is destructive to the interests of American free labor. We are willing to have the individual Chinaman come and make all the money be can, but it will not do to have Chinese colonies drive American mechanics out of their workshops aird factories. The solution of the problem is difficult, but whatever is decided, one thing is certain, the American eople trill not consent to have imerlcan labor pauperized. Cheap labor is good for the capitalist, but pauper rates of payment will not be permitted by the intelligent workingman. PL Vadelph ia Dost. . -a . c It is said that a distinguished gentleman of Boston was among the number who took a dec) inter est in the laying out of Mount Au burn for a cemetery, llesubsenb- f 1.1 1 A. 1 ea ior a lot, out wnen uic assess ments were called for, he declined to pay up, upon the ground that the lot assigned to him was not in a healthy location. . -O- -S- A gentleman called at the house of an honest old lady, for the pur pose of collecting a small debt. Xot collecting the amount, he promised to send in his bill that evening. The old woman suppos ing that he meant his son William, replied, "Oh, la, our Sail never set up with any one yit; but Dill's a clever boy and they may build a fire in t'other room." A gentleman popping his head through a tailor's shop window, exclaimed, " What o'clock is it by your lapboard ?" upon which the tailor lifted up his lapboard and struck him a blow on the head, an swering, "It has just struclc one. - A man who had a scolding wife, being willing to excuse her failing, when called upon to give some ac count of her habits and character said she was pretty well in general only subject at times to breaking out of the mouth. "There's a woman at the bottom of every mischief," said Joe. "Yes," replied Charley; when I used to get into mischief, my moth ' cr was at the bottom of me." STATE NEWS. A man whoso name could not be a?cer tahu'd met with a severe accident on the Mollala river bottom last Saturday. He was engaged in hewing ties at the time. As be was in !he act of stepping over a piece ot timber he slipped and fell sgainst the edge ol a broad axe with the heavy portion of his body, initiating a severe gash. The Eugene Guard says that Dr. Whit comb and Anderson recently left that place very suddenly, leaving quite a num ber of persons losers. A great deal of sickness been prevalent in this vicinity of late, probably caused by a sudden change of the weather. The .Oregonian says : The opinion ol Judge Boise in the Yam hill election contest covers more than one hundred and twenty pages of legal cap. J. II. Foster, of Albany, last week pur chased S.00D bushels of wheat in one lot for 75 ceuts per bushel. On Saturday morning a barn belonging to a man named i'rown. a lew miles trom Mc.Mirnville. was burned. Two horses perished and ten tons oT hay were con sumed. Indians are supposed to have set the barn on fire. The Bulletin says : t Jo. Teal, the Oregon Cattle King, has added another large purchase to his al ready exiensive real estate possessions in the Willamette Valley. He has bought the. Henry Fuller tract in Benton and Polk counties, about three thousand acres in extent, and the whole of it splendid grazing or tanning lands, well limbered in portions, and well watered. It is about twelve miles back from the river. This year there has been produced from pr. r tions of the land an average of eighty three bushels of oats to ihe acre, and of a trifle over sixty bushels uf white bearded wheat. Asa cattle range the tract is not surpassed ia the State. Last Saturday, just as we were going to press, it was reportea mat trie man who was temporarily placed in the station house to await further disposition by the county authorities, way dying. Judge Shipley was absent during the vveoK, and that prevented the stranger being placed at once under more suitable treuimeut. His naoe was John Clark. . -- The Saving Influence of a Sister. Among the choicest blessings of love is that of a good sister. Xo one can fill her place, which is sa cred and rich with opportunities for doing good and dispensing happiness. Manv sisters rob each other of the sweetest companionship by seeking other friends, and bestow ing their heart-treasures and little confidences upon strangers, in stead of cementing the sisterly af fection by all those most potent means. Thus is much trouble and anx iety caused. Friends prove false and betray confidences, while a good sistei is true and silent as the grave over all things which could injure a beloved sister or brother. As a rule strangers never pos sess the uninterrupted interest for you that your own family feel. X"o one else will always defend you, always protect, and hide your faults from censure. No one else will always rejoice at your success and mourn over your failure, as will your parents, brothers and sis ters. What a pity then that families do become so alienated from each other, their interests separated and paths divided. It is such a bless ing for a young mar. if he has a kind sister who can influence him to stay at home, finding pleasures in the unbroken fireside circle which is filled with precious jewels of confidence, love, and harmony. Boys have gone to ruin who might have been saved through the in fluence of a thoughtful sister. Debt. Debt is a perfect bore. It haunts a man from pillow to post; lurking in his breakfast cup, poisoning his dinner, embittering his tea! How it stalks from him like a living, moving skeleton, seeming to an nounce his presence by recounting his liabilities. How it poisons his domestic joys, by introducing its infernal " balance" into the calcu lation of madam respecting the price of a new carpet, or a new dress. How it hinders dreamy plans for speculations, and cripples resolutions too good to be fulfilled. At bed and board, by night or by day, in joy or in grief, in health or m sickness, at home or abroad. debt grim, gaunt and shadowy, 11 . : 1 4 J 7 iuus an lucuuiurance. s no pres ence is too sacred, no ground too holy to leter the memory, "bilh and notes payable" from taking immediate possession, so ro recon is enlivening, no reminiscence more than the debt has fallen like a Jan nary morning, twenty-nine decrees below zero. It is said that Hon. A. II. Ste 1 1 vens weigns only seventy-six pounus. mat, is in the flesh: in tellectuallv. he weighs several tons when balanced against some of the 1 wiseacacs of modern times. Monarchs Retired fron Business. Our lively and very readable co temporary tlte Standard f some what sneeringly aliudcg to the fact that Jeffei 'sou L)avis is about visit ing Europe, alid says: It he stays long enough inu rope he may be able too welcome one more celebrity to the ranks.of "monarchs retired from business," in the person either of Count Bis marck or the Emperor. Napoleon. We do not know that it is ne cessary for the Hon. Jefferson Da vis to go -abroad to extend the hand of welcome to retiring mon archs, for the months are not so many now before an eminent busi ness man named Grant, with whom the Standard appears to be on fa miliar terms, will have leave given him by the American people to re tire from business. To be sure, his business' differs a little from that in which Jefferson Davis was en gaged, or 'that to which Bismarck and Napoleon are nowr giving their attentions, the great object of all except Grant, being the conquest of nations or sovereignties: while Grant is content simply with sove reigns, or such articles of value as may bring them. The only differ ence, therefore, between Bismarck, Napoleon, and Grant being the style of "sovereigns each would bring to his feet. And there is another monarch lately retired from business in this count.iy we allude to the wife of the late President, who retired from the White House with ninety boxes of stolen goods- who retired from Xew York after . failing to sell her old clothes and who" has now been graciously retired by a benevolent Government on $3,000 a year! lomeroy s Democrats The St. Louis Depmbllcan hurls back the insinuation that the pas sive resistence idea is intended as a scheme. It says: The Democracy, as we believe, intended no trick in abstaining from the nomination of the State ticket. They- simply mean to pro test against the cowardly despot ism which. decides be f o reh and that no such ticket shall be elected. There never was a time when the Democracy felt more confident of carrying a fair and square election in Missouri, than now. They could beat their opponents, with 12,000 white men disfranchised un der the constitution ; they could beat them with 15,000 new col ored votes added to their oppo nent's strength ; they couldo beat either B. Gatz Brown, or Gov. McClurg on an aggregate vole, by a decisive majority, and carry0 three-fifths of the counties in de tail. But no such fair election was held in I860, nor in 1868, and none will be allowed in 1870; and the Democracy have no desire to put on harness for a light which thirty-three registry superintend ents have decided against them. Bachelors have a new dignity in Georgia. The supreme court of that State has decided that a bach elor is a "famihv' and being so, he is, of course, "the ." head of the family, and as such entitled to the privilege of the homestead act. It seems, according to the New York Tribune, that Cono-rcss re used to repeal the income tax be cause it would throw so many rad ical patriots out of office. That excuse must of course be satisfac tory. The Boston Journal thinks tho radicals M ill have all they can at tend to to carry Jlasssachusetts this fall. The tfmrrnal. heino- rad ical, is reliable on this point.0' A minister at camp-meeting saidv If the lady with blue hat, red. iair, and cross eyes, don't stop talking, she will be" pointed out to' the congregation. 7 A smart minister in Toledo, with in ten months, married a couple baptized their first child, preached the husband's funeral sermon, and married the widow. A dispatch from White Sulphur., Springs, Ya., says: Gen. Robert E. Lee has not tendered his service, to France. He has sheathed the! sword forever. f The late election in Montana re sulted in a glorious , victory ior the Democracy. Only legislative and county officers were elected.. . A young man in Illinlois .has eloped with the second wife of Jais' I own uncle. . ' ' l-. , -. o o o O o o o O