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OItJBOO CITY, OREGON SATURDAY, JTDLY 10, E.809.
NO. 35
JvMnrFP Dio re in1
JJJ llj J i JJ iL
I
X
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O
G
o
llUSIXZSS CARDS.
pAGE & THAYER,
ATTORNEYS AT LAW.
OFFICE In Cree's Building, corner of
Fivat nd Stark .streets, Portland. S2:tf
.J. f. capi.es. J- c. mokelakd.
CAPLES & MORELAND,
ATTOBNE'YS AT LAW,
'Cor. FRO XT and WASHINGTON Sis.,
PORTLAND, OREGON.
W. C. JOHNSON. F. O. M'COWN.
Notary Public.
JOHEFSOItf & ElcCOWN,
Oregon City, Oregon.
g- Will attend to all business entrusted to
-our care in any of the Courts of tbe State,
Coiksttt money .Negotiate loans, sell real estate
etc. Particular attention given to contested
Land cases.
J. H. MITCITEIX. J. N. DOLPH. A SMITH
Mitchell, Dolph & Smith,
Attorneys and Counsellors at Law,
Solicitors in Chancery, and Proc
tors in Admiralty
Office oer the old PostOilice, Front
street, Portland. Oregon.
a . X
A. C. GIBBS. . c. iv. PAP-nrSH,
Notiiry Public and Coin, of Deeds.
GIEBS & PARHISH,
Attorneys and Counselors at Laic,
Portland. Okegn.
OFFICE Oxx Alder street, in Carter's
brick block.
Logan, Shattuck & Killin,
Attorneys at law,
No. IOO Front Street, Up Stairsj
PORTLAND, OREdON.
OIAJT.
Three. Rooms; Well, and all the coftren
lesices Cor ii rnan and hh wife or for an of
fice. Jit nt cheap.
APPLY' AT THIS OFFICE.
igga DENTIST.
f'ermantut'y Located, at Oregon City, Oregon
ROOMS With Dr. Ssittarrans, on Main st.
F. i; A 11C LAY.
ria: jbr2. czz: naiwa
(Formerly -urgeon to the Hon. H. 13. Co. 7
()FFICJ1 Residence, Main street Ore
gon City, ()ieKri..
w
II. WATKIN& 51. D.,
SURGEON. PoRTLAxn. Of.v.c, tt.
, OFFIf ti 05 Front .treet Residence cor
ner of M.un and Seventh streets.
W. F. HIGHFIELD,
Ent-iblished .since lS40.at the old stand,
Main Street, Oregon City, Oregon.
An Assortment of Watches. Jew
elry, ad Seth Thomas' weight
Clocks, all of vvhich are warranted
to te as represented.
Repainncrs done on short notice,
kand thankful for oast favors.
JMTER1AL MILL&
Savier, LaHoque & Co.,.,.
,; OREGON eff f.
C.Keep -constantly on hand f: sale, lion r
Mitliais, Bran and Chicken Feed, Parties
jMirehinjr feoti must furnish the sacks.
CLARK G3EENMAN,
City Drayman,
OREGON CITY.
"yL. All oi3trs for the delivery of merchan
dise or package's and freight of whatever des
crip.tion. to my pnrt of the city, will be exe
cuted promptly and with Care.
LOCUS & A Lit RIGHT,
EXCELSIOR
Corner of Fourth anS. 'Main stree's.
, OKE(iO CITY.
Keep constantly on hand all kinds of
fresh and salt meats, suca as
BEEF, POllK.
MUTTOINf, VEAL,-
COkNED BEEF. FT A MS,
I'ICKELED P0KK. LARD,
Ad everything else to be fouud ia their line
of business.
JOHN II. SCHftA.M.
Manufacturer and Dealer in
SADDLES, JIAPV3S,
etc., etc.,
3Ltin fi'cet, Oregon City,
6-Wishes to represent that he is now a
well prepared to furnish any article in his line
t the largest establishment in the State He
Qarticnlarly requests that an examination of
his stock be made before buying elsewhere.
ANDi'iEW WILLIS. Wit. BROUGHTCS.
WILLIS & BROUGHTOIJ.
Having purchased the interest
of S. Cram. In the well known
LIVERY STABLE
.City, announce that they will at all time
i;ne ooor wen ot LSCelsior Market iw.mr.
Keep pooa uorses arcl carriages to let. at
reasonable rates Horses bought and sold
J)AVID SMITlII '
Successor to SMITH cfc MARSHALL,
Black-Smith ayid Wagnn Maker.
Corner of Main and Third streets
Oregou City , a Oreaon.
C7
Ap-Blacksmithingin all its branches Wao
on making and repairing. AH work warrant
ed to give -satisfaction.
JJELVIDEKE SALOON.
Main Street, Oregon City.
M. BROWN, Proprietor, thankful for past
favors, solicits a continuance of the same,
e Fll EE L UNCH DA IL V,
And the very best qualities of Wines. Liquors
ind Cisars.
:-r Pigs Feet, Tripe. Herring, Ovsters
nd Sardines constantly on band. "
S. MARKET !
A H1MN OJF PEACE. ,
I Cuba.
Vlrnvir . What is Slie Gt.otl For An Aeotmt
WHITTEX FOR THE NATIONAL PEACE JUBILEE, of Her P.,pultio,i and Natural K
BT OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES. SOurees.
To the music of Keller's "American Hymn." From the Xew York Sun,
Angel of Peace, thou has wandered too Ion"- Since the island of Cula en-
Spr- nd thy white wings to the sunshine of
love !
Come while bur voices are blended in song-
Fly to our ark on the wings of the dove,
love,- "-ieai garland ot what Cuba really is, physically,
Angel of Peace, thou has waited too Ion! geographically, agriculturally and
r 4l 4 financially.
Lrcthers we meet on this altar of thine i T,.i r i - i
... ,. it .r , mine. includinr the cii'cumiarent keys
Mingling tbe gifts we have gathered for ' a r i i " .
het? fcdiueieuici and reefs, her superficies is about
Sweet with the odors of myrtle and pine, 24,000,000 acres, of which four
Breeze of the prairi" and breath of the sea! fifths are lands of almost UllSUr
Meadow arid, mountain and forest and seal parsed fertility. Her cultivated
Sweet is the fragrance of mynle aud pin;, tracts, however, are comparatively
Sweeter the incense we oiler to thee. very few,, the entire extent which
Brothers once mors round 'Jus altar of produces crons beinp- under two
wun mine olive-leaf sar and ot
thine !
Angels of Bethlehem, ansn-er the strain I j and natural pasturages embracing
iiark! a new birtk-song is tilling the sky l' some fifteen million acres. The
Loud as the storm-wind that tumbles the lands on which her crops of SUgar,
tvi !air ,i , . , coffee and tobacco are raised are in
Bid the lull breath of t he organ replv. i i i i ii-
T. . .t ... . yiH most cases cleared land. With
L,et the loud tempest of voices reply, -r-
t I, , , ... Ai ! v L , this very insignificant proportion
icoll its long serge like the earth-shaking n .i F 1 1 f ,
main 1 of the soil under cultivation, Cuba
Swell the vast. -ong till it mounts to ihe sky, produces crops to the extent of
Angels of Bethlehem, echo the strain 1 not less than one hundred and
.. -, thirty million dollars per annum.
Observance of the Sabbath. J" .f1 l"1"1' there1at
0 i staple of the island, figures to the
One advantage of the proper sum of sixty or seventy million ; to
observance of the Sabbath is thus baeco to some fifteen or sixteen
fitly expressed by the JVorth Brit- , million, and coffee to about five
ish Tievieiv 1 mc a million dollars. For
the production of surxar, probably
"The Sabbath is God's special no otber hlU(A in the' world 'are so
present to the workmgman, and admirably adapted, both from
one of his chief objects is to pro- tlleir character and geographical
long his life and preserve efficient position. While the Louisiana
his working tone. In the vital pl:inter is obliged to replant his
system it acts like a compensating iiei,is cvery Ve.;, thcre dre many
pound; it replenishes the spirits, sugar estates in Cuba which yield
elasticity, and vigor, which the 0non!1os crops consecutively from
last six days have drained away, forty to fifty years without re
and supplies the force which is to planting. Sugar is cultivated
fix the six days succeeding; andm , moro oress al! over the island, but
the economy of existence it an ti,e mmt important sugar districts
swers the same as the economy of j are n tne jurisdictions of Cardenas,
income it answers by a savings ; MatarzasC Sagua, and Iiemedios on
V!ihk. The frugal man, v. ho puts; tlc norti, 8j(Us am Cienfuegos,
aside a pound to-day and juiother j Trinidad, and Santiago on' the
pound next month, and who, in a sonth. The sugar estates are own
quiet way, is ahvays puffing by . e(l ailost entirely bv native Cu
his stated pnul from time to time, I bans, with the exception of a few
when he grows old and frail gets iXYcrV ones belonging to some of
not only the same pound back the wealthy Spaniards of Havana,
again, but a good many pounds j The coffee crop is obtained al
besides. And the conscientious j m0!?t exclusively from the extreme
man, who husbrmds one day of ex-! o:vr(rn rnl of-th inlfiml. in tlw.
istence every week ; who. instead
of allowing the Sabbath to be
trampled And torn in the hurry
and scramble of life, treasures it
devoted up, the Lord of the Sab
bath keeps it for him, and in the
length of days afrd a hale old age,
gives it b.nck with usury. The sav
ing bank of human existence is the
weekly Sabbath.-
Cast a Link for Yourself.
A young man stood listlessly
watching some anglers on bridge,
lie was poor and dejected. At
last approaching a basket tilled
with wholesome looking fish, he
sighed : " If, now, I had these I
would be happy. I Could sell them
at a fair price, and buy me food
and lodging?.'. " I will give just as
many, and just as good sh," said
the owner," who chanced to over
hear his words, "If you will do me
a trilling favor." "And what is
that?" asked the other eagerly.
" Only to tend this line till I. come
back, I wish to go on ft short er
rand." The proposal waj? gladly
accepted. The old man wa:s gone
so long that the young man began
to be impatient. Meanwhile the
.hungry fish snapped greedily at
the baited hook, and the young man
lost all his depression in the excite
ment of pulling them out; and
when the owner of the line had re
turned he had caught a large num
ber. Counting out from them as
many as were in the basket raid
presenting them to the young man
the. old fisherman said : "I fulfill
my promise from the fish you
have caught, to teach you when
ever you'see others earning what
you need, to waste no time in fruit
less wishing, but to cast in a line
for yourself." Home Monthly.
Savixo Money. Many families
have commenced with saving ten
cents a day, ami in time have found
it easier to save twenty cents ; noth
ing is more certain than that, in es
tablishing a saving habit, the abil
ity to accumulate is acquired, for
the act gives strength, and is' well
known that strength is necessary
m every occupation. , Wre care not
wKrvt may be a mans' station, cal
ling, or ability, unless a habit of
saving is established as a part of
tne character, he cannot, in the end,
be otherwise than an unsuccessful
or a lost man. On the contrary,
when a habit of saving becomes
fixed, it is a nnel hinh
' v ut vuiit ?r iiiv.il
I , t TUties gather and
i make the man.
.?rs8es to-day, a very consideranie
stiare ot public attentron and m-
terest in our community, we ha
thought it well to lay before O
ave
onr
r. snpciiift stiitempnt OT
-T.
ii i i
i
mnnon acres, ner virgin wooas
hilly districts lying back from the
torts of Santiago do Cuba and
Cuantanamo. Forrwerly coffee
was extensiveU' cultivated in the
Vuelta de Abnjo that is, in the
districts on the south coast lying
west of Havana ; but the price of
the article tailing some thirty years
ago to about four cents a pound,
the planters began to abandon
their plantations, and transfer their
slaves to the districts back of Ma
tanzns and Cardenas, where good
uncleared sugar lands were cheap,
and devoted themselves to the cul
tivation of sugar. Sugar, more
over, offei-s many advantages over
coffee planting, both to large and
small capitalists. In the first
place, sugar cane can be cut eight
months after it is planted, where
as the coffee plant bears only in
the third or fourth yeair of its
growth, thereby excluding per
sons of small capital; and, second
ly the season good or bad, too wet
or too dry, cane always yield eome
proceeds, while the coffee planter
is always exposed to the danger of
losing the whole of his crop by an
unseasonably heavy rain while the
bush is in flower.
The Cuban coffee planters of to
day about Guantanamo and Santi
ago are in nowise related to those
who abandoned their coffee planta
tions in the Western part of the
island. They are, in . fact, almost
a distinct race, both in origin and
language. They are mostly .de
scendents of families driven out of
Santo Domingo at the time of the
revolution, who,- finding, land emi
nently suited for coffee plantations,
transferred their industrial pursuits
and social institutions to Cuba.
Even now French is the almost
universal language on these estates,
both among the owners and their
slaves. As an agricultural pur
suit, coffee planting is infinitely
preferable to sugar making. The
estates are generally on elevated
and hilly lands, free from the in
tense heat of the low, seething su
gar districts ; the nights are always
deliciously cool, and the labor is
infinitely less severe to the field
hands.
The tobacco districts are to the
southwest of I la van a. Th e estates
are in the bauds of small planters,
who in some, eases, pay enormous
rent for choice lands, and obtain
an equivaleiitly enormous price for
their crop. Tobacco of inferior
quality is raised in other districts,
such as Puerto Principe, Yara and
Santa Clara.
The central portion of Cuba, in
cluding the large jurisdiction of
Puerto Principe, known locally a
Camaguey is the great pastoral
district of the Island. The cattle
estates in this section of the coun
try are of very great extent, con
sisting of virgin woods and savan
nas in about equal' proportions,
and affording admirable pasturao-e
for very large herds. Havana cfe
rives her principabsupply of cattle
from this portion of the island;
The average annual value of cattle
sold is estimated at over four mil
lion dollars. The enormous amount
j of large and valuable timber, of
which the untouched woods of this
section are full, including mahoga
ny, cedar and innumerable other
kinds, must some day draw capital
thither. At prescntf owing to the
present, owing
want of facilities for getting timber
from the interior to the coast, this
branch of commerce is almost neg
lected; Moreover, this district of
Camaguey is the most sparsely
populated of the island. Geograph
ically, few countries in the world
offer such advantages for commerce
as Cuba, from the very large num
ber of splendid harbors with which
her coasts are studded from Maisi
to San Antonio. Of these many
are almost unknown, such as the
magnificient ones of Xipe and
Lavisa on the north shore, in the
Eastern Department.
The population of the whole is
land of Cuba is under one and a
half million. The last census in
1862, Vv hich was pretty accurately
compiled by the government, gires
the figures at white, 764730 ;
lree colored, 221,417, and slave,
373,071 ; total, 1,359,238. WTeare
not inclined to believe that the
population has greatly increased
since 1802, the excess of births
over deaths of the white and free
colored races being more than
counter-balanced by the decrease
of the slaves. The number of the
latter can only be maintained in
Cuba by importations from Africa,
which, thank Go.d ! are ended, un
less the Spaniards should succeed
in reconquering the island.
The apparent anomaly that only
fib;. it one-twentieth part of an is
land so prolific of valuable crops
should be under cultivation, is ex
plained by the statistics of its pop
ulation. Crops are raised in Cuba
exclusively by slave labor; or, in
other words, deducting one half
the number of slaves for young
children and old men, and from the
remainder at least 25 per cent, for
slaves employed as house servants,
coopers, lightermen, etc, we find
that some one hundred and fifty
thousand field hands raise agricul
tural crops to the annual value of
one hundred and thirty million
dollars an enormous average of
over -$500 each. The freedmcn are
very exceptionally seen in the
country. When manumitted they
take, as elsewhere, to the cities.
The profits arising from com
merce, trade and manufactures in
the cities of the island, in 1861,
are authorativcly stated at 8154,
870,000, and in this statement the
city of Havana figures for ninety
three millions. In other words,
the industry of Cuba, in cities and
country, produces annually nearly
$300,000,000.
The property, Government lands
and other real estate excepted, is
estimated as follows :
IxCitl estate in the country...... $ 380,000,000
Real estate in the cities. 170,000.000
Capital investment in trade 774,000,000
Total. . .'. . .$ 1,324,000,000
. These figures are deducted, at
the current rate of interest on the
island, ten per cenf. from the. an
nual income derived from invest
ments of all sorts, which' Sraormts
to about 8135,000,000;
. TiieBuilding of the Alabama.
Under date of March 27th 1869,
the Messrs. Laird, builders of the
Alabama, publish a letter in. the
English papers, attempting to vin
dicate their own conduct in con
nection with that vessel. ..Tfiey
claim that the piratical craft was
built in the way of business, that
no haste or secrecj" was used in
any of the operations, and that the
buildidirig of the vessel and the
purpose for which she was intend
ed were well known to the British
government,' the public, and the
American Minister. Had there
been anything illegal in the con
struction or fitting out of the ship,
tne government Bad ample time
and opportunity to seize her. They
take the ground that the contract
entered into for the building of the
ship was not at varaiance with the
laws of England, the opinion of
the LmgiisB people, or the practice
of foreign
nations.
warrants, Mibpcenas, etc.,
sold at $1 per 100, at this office,
HOW TO FILL THE, CliUKCii,
, Wherever a congregation has
been organized and a house of wor
ship erected one matter of great con
cern very naturally with many of
I the members iS expressed by the
f t -w r .tit -' -ii. .i
mqury : ilow snail we add to tne
membership, and thus fill our
church ? Various experiments are
resorted to for the purijose of
meeting the felt necessity but they
often fail to produce the desired
result. The true secret of perma
nent success is, in such cases, over
looked, and some expedient adopt
ed which docs not carry in it the
elements of success.
Tlie injunction td fill up the
church, it is very properly said, is
j "0t designed lor the minister alone,
r?muClls.e.xtedof himV es"
pecially in this direction: Mern
berg Of the congregation' stand
back arid look on, to see whether
the minister is going to fill the
church. If he does, all is right ; if
he does not, then he is not the man
for the place. " Wre want a past
or who can fill the church, and then
it will be an easy matter 16 keep
up the congregation." To be sure,
the church ought to be filled, not
because it will relieve burdens, but
it will bring more under the influ
ence of the Gospel, and more good
may be accomplished. But the
question is, how is it to be done ?
Suppose the minister does it by
his talents, his eccentricities, or
some other attracion which he may
posess, will it be a healthy growth,
which will really increase the
strength and efficiency of the
church, or will it be the minister's
hangers-on, who will leave the mo
ment he does? Such care noth
ing about the church, but are mere
ly satelites around their own soli
tary primary. When that goes,
they are no where to be found. Hav
ing no love for the Church,' they de
part with the minister.
This is not the right way to fill
the church,- and it will fail of the
highest utility. Christians, wKen
called into the service ofChrist,are
called as laborers, each one bidden
to work, and of course each one
having something to do, they are
all by the rriost solemn obligations,
to use all their influence in 'accom
plishing this work. Whether it be
the influence of wealth, learning,
or what not, all should be conse
crated to God and his cause. All
these should be brought to bear, so
as to bring the stranger to the
house of G6d and to retain him
there.
But these alone, without the so
cial power,- will fail, while with
out them the latter may prove ef
ficient. The former will appear
cold and aristocratic, and fail of at
tracting men ; while the
lit tor
which every Christian ought
to
posess, will bring all other influen
ces down to the practical work be
fore him. It will make the con
gregation courteous, impress' the
stranger with their civility, make
him feel at home, and induce him to
come again. He may find j ust as
good singing elsewhere, and ust
as good preaching it may be, and
forget them during the week ; but
he cannot forget the smile of
friends, the warm shake of the
hand, and the kind invitation to
come often and make himself at
home.
Kindness will make him feel at
home. Eloquence will fail to do
this costly music will fall short
of any such result but affable
ness, which costs nothing, will le
gitimately accomplish it. Then
let each church have ushers, and
let them be men of Christian court-
eousness, who will
give as warm a
welcome to the stranger, as they
would if he were a customer to
their places of business, and who
will not suffer him to leave the
house without a cheerfnl grasp of
the Jisnd, inviting him to come
again. . This can be done without
any hypocrisy, it is the very spirit
of the gospel; it is a sort of mis
sionary work which all Christians
are bound to do'. And if they do
it, it . will be atteuded with the most
gratifying results.
Let all that artificial etiquette
which' waits for" t an introduct
ion in the house of God be entire
ly ignored, remembering that the
social element there is the strong
est feature in it. What is wanted
is to have this element brought
out; and it can very easily be
done, Let the warmest hearted
men and women in the congrega
tion have courage enough to go to
work in this direction, and they
will soon be able to revolutionize
the whole of the membership.
Then the visitor will receive Chris
tian greetings from anyone and ev
ery one that he meets, which will
give him a "delicious nome-ieeiing"
'indeed.
. Then we may say; to all, Sqw
the seed and reap the abundant
harvest. The investment is small
but the returns are great.5 Try it
and fill np yotir. house, and you
will find that 4 the people , are not
the mere satelites of the minister.
They are there by a stronger, a
more permanent bond of union in
worship, in labor, and in love.
Lutheran.
, . .
"VVliat Spain Meant to do in 1803.
Something good has come out of
the disgraceful Hale-Perry imbro
glio', one which we lately remark
ed, besides tjie naive confession of
Mr. Hale tljat he was ignorant,
"of course,", of the "language,
laws, customs," etc., of the people
to whom he was accredited as Min
ister of th(? . United States... .The
something good to which we refer
is the incidental development of
the .fact that in .1863, when our
country wis in greatest peril, and
the civil war at its height, Spain
agreed with France to declare tear
against the United States, . The
9th of October of that year was
the day fixed for the commence
ment of hostilities and, orders
were sent out to the Sjmnish forces
in the West Indies to that effect.
The success of our arms in the in
terval, and some other influences,
not yet clearly indicated, btit ap
parently those of the republican
leaders in Spain itself, induced a
change in this treacherous and in
famous programme ; but the orders
were not countermanded until Sep
tember 15th,only twenty-four days
from the time fixed on for hostili
ties to begin. j
With these facts before us, we
do not see that General Grant is
called on to enforce the understand
ing made between the Peruvian
Minister and Mr. Seward, touching
the iron-clads now lying in the
neighborhood of "Cuba, especially
since the Government of the lte
Queen Isabella, id whose interests
this understanding was made, has
entirely disappeared. , -
The development of these facts
will completely extinguish what
little sympathy may exist in this
country for Spain in her contest
with Cuba;
Advantage of Learning a
Trade. The advice of Benjamin
Franklin, to give every child a
trVKle by wMch. he can enrr a liv
ing, if necessary, comes of an ex-
penenee umei man ui. xn isume
countries this has been the law ; in
others, a common custom. St.
Paul, though educated in the law
at the feet of Gamaliel also ac
quired the important oriental
handicraft of a tent-maker, by
which he was able to earn his liv
ing while prosecuting his mission.
It is a good and wise thing to do.
You. may be able to save your
children fortunes ; but" riches take
to themselves wings." You may
give them finished educations, and
they may be gifted with extraor
dinary genius; but they may. be
placed in situations where no edu
cation:, and no talent may be so
available as some humble, honest
trade, by which they can get their
living and be useful to others.
.
Should be Known and Remem
bered. The public should know
and remember that a recent change
in Post Office regulation to prohib
it the delivery of letters addressed
to initials or numbers, or their de
posit in a Post Office box. A let
ter addressed to' A B, or Y Z, box
200, must not be deposited in that
box, but must be destroyed.
F emale Temper. Xo trait of
character is more valuable in a fe
male than the possession of a sweet
temper. Oh! wej:can never 'be
made happy without it. It is like
the flowers that spring up ?in our
pathway, reviving and cheering
us. Let a man go home at night,
wearied and worn by the toils of
the day, and how soothing is a
word dictated by a good disposi
tion ! It is sunshine falling on his
heart. He is happy, and the cares
of life, are forgotten. A sweet
temper has a soothing influence
over the minds of a whole family.
Where it is found in the wife and
mother, you observe kindness and
love predominating over the natu
ral feelings of a bad heart. Smiles,
kind words and looks characterize
the children, and peace and love
have their dwelling there. Study,
then, to acquire and retain a sweet
temper. It is more valuable than
gold ; it captivates more than
beauty ; and to the close of life re
tains all its freshness and power.
General Grant is credited. with
the epifrrammatic remark that
Office seeking is fast becoming
one of the industries of this country."
SENSATIONS IN A BALLOON
The question "Are you not dizzy
in looking down .from a balloon
may be answered as follows : Diz
ziness or giddiness is something en
tirelv unknown in aeronatic trav
eling, and therein is one of the
most surprising facts of ballooning..
You look downward with the same
steadiness and composure with
which you look.off from a moun
tain top. Another strange feature
is that the balloon seems to stand
perfectly still. - Common sense
teaches you that you are . moving;
when the distance between you
and certain objects is widening,
but there is no other indication of
the fact, nor is there in rising or
falling in the atmosphere. Im
mersed in the air current, and trav
elling the same, or nearly the same
velocity, the . .balloon seems rela
tively becalmed. ! t
, This fact .sufficiently explains
the utter uselessness of sails and
rudder. Tbere is no wind to fill
the one, nor fulcrum or . resisting
force for the other. The only pow
er of. a gas ballori'.is its; buoyant
force; and thus all inward efforts at
propulsion or control, beyond a
simple means of rising or falling
through a depreciation of the bu
oyant material, or the ballast
weight; are .materially ; fruitless.
Until some other inward motive of
power than mere buoyancy is de
vised, no forward step can be
made in aerostatics; and the union
of any other with the gas balloon
is entirely hopeless, since the craft
is wholly at the 'mercy of the ele
ments which sustains it. The wrind
currents, too, are so variable, that
navigating the air between given
points under their control would
be quite as much out of te ques
tion. No difficulty is experienced at
a less height than two .or three
miles, by persons In Ijeilth, nor is
any Other decided sensation felt
under .ordinary circumstances.
There may be a slight ringing or
closing of the ears with some per
sons in a Jess altitude ; but in , the
upper regions a deafness is experi
enced. At the height of, three and
a , half miles , the atmosphere is
known to have just half the density
it has at the surface; and there is,
of course, the corresponding de
crease of atmospheric pressure. At
the surface, a man of ordinary size
is irLtiu. T.i (susir-;. ai ,-vtwkopheric -pressure
of 25,000. pounds, while
at the height nsmeel it is reduced
one-half, the change bringing with
it many discomforts. The reduc
tion of the atmospheric pressure is
felt by the balloon through the ex
pansion of the gas and the disten
sion of its envelope, and thus to
rise to great altitude necessitates an
expenditure of the gas, as well as
of ballast. . To. guard against' a
too sudden expansion of the bal
loon, the. open neck at the bottom
serves as a sort of safety valve, v
while it also becomes necessary to .
let out gas at times through the
valve at the top.
A HOUSE BUILT I5T 19 1-3 HOURS.
The new house and how it was
built. : We neglected to state the
other day that the house built by
Nr. Mrshler, which was to have
been commenced and finished in
thirty-hours, witli the exception of.
painting, which Mr., Pool with his .
live assistants, completed. in twenty-five
hours, including penciling,
painting , the front, the roof and
everything complete, and all of
wThich vas done in a workmanlike
manner. The house was partially .
occupied at 3f o'clock on Wednes
day afternoon. Ruth & Jeffries
bricklayers, employed . ten hands
and completed their work jn twelve
working hours; Johii Brch;'x; Co.,
plasterers, in fifteen hoiirs; John,
J ohn 1). Boring, carpenter, in .19.
hours ; Mitter Hess, sash factors,
in 19 hours ; Jacob Cable, plumber
and tinner, in 5 hours ; Frederick
Coonley, biickmaker, delivered
the brick in eleven hours ; and A.
Lechlet, put up the lightning rod m
fifty minutes. The house is forty
by eighteen feet, thre? stories high,
and .required 42,350. brick. All
parties who Worked on the build
ing did their work in a satisfacto
ry manner, and it is the intention
of Mr. jUishler to publish' a list of
their names as soon as they can be
procured. ZayicaMer, Fa., Regis
ter. A New Word. The name of
the new art of boring Washington
officials is the most recent coinage.
When one of them goes through
this ordeal of annoyance he is said
to have been ".interviewed."
gfAsk your neighbor to sur
cribe for the EsTEKrBisE
4
ii
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A
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JJ