IKON AND VOOD SHIPS
MATERIAL -
-. USED IN SHIPBUILDING
. AND .THEIR VALUE. .. -
Tha Points In Which Iron and SteL.Arc
Superior to Wood Their . Liglitiicw.
and Durability and .the Comparative
Safety of All Kinds of Vessel.
The three materials used- in the con
s traction of ships in general are - wood
iron and steeL Wood has been in u:
from time immemorial. Iron is only
abort t fifty years old, and steel is eaail
-within the memory of every man ol
moderate years. The importance of the
three materials are inversely as stated
steel being the most valuable then iron
nd last wood.- Noticeably is this so' in
the construction of swift steamships
for wood is nnsnited fo the great engine
power nowadays put into ships: it can
mot properly stand the strain. - -
Iron ships are superior to wooden -one
in the following particulars: Lightness
. combined with strength, durability when
properly treated-, ease -and cheapness ot
construction and. repair and safety when
properly constructed and subdivided., lu
-wooden ships it has been found that
about one-half of the total weight of the
' ship is required for the hull, whereas in
iron ships only from 30 to 40 per cent, of
the weight is thns taken up. For' in
stance, in a wooden armored warship,
the weight of the hull being 50 per cent.
fot tn4- displacement leaves 50 per cent.
- for the weights to be carried. In an iron
armored warship the weight of the hull
is only 40 per cent., leaving 60 per cent
for weights to be carried. ' ?
The tensile strength of iron is from
40,000 pounds to 60,000 pounds per square
inch, and this strength can be secured
throughout all the metal used, so that
the material worked into the ship is trai
form and homogeneous. These are quali
ties wanting in wood; the greatest care
. cannot eliminate such weak spots as are
due to the presence of knots, crossgratn
bidden defects, etc. Generally good
' -sound timber may be said to have a
strength to resist pulling' apart (tensile
strength) of about 10,000 pounds.- 5
IRON FAR SUPERIOR TO WOOD.
When in shipbuilding it comes to
fastening pieces together, as, for in
. . stance, in making a ship's keel or her
deck beams, the weakness caused by
scarfing the pieces of wood together be
comes an element of strength in riveting
ine iron. No matter how it may be nee
ess8ary to treat the pieces of metal
whether - by riveting or . welding or by
- angle irons, the iron stands far above
the wood in resistance to tensile strains.
It is only when resisting strains of coin
pression that there is a tendency of iron
plates to buckle, ' and iMt is guarded
against by making the plates thicker
than is required for other strains or by
re-enf orcrng them.
Durability is a quality of iron that is
not yet thoroughly determined. In cen
eral, a wooden ship may be said to last
about, fifteen years. . Some last loner er
but there will be much patching and re
newing to be done. The rules of Lloyds
allow about fourteen years as the aver
age durability of the best built timber
Teasels.
Iron is not subject to the internal
sources of decay to which wood is liable.
Worms and naxine animaia cannot in
juro it, nor will it . rot from, imperfect
' ventilation. - Neither can the parts work
loose from the motion and straining of
the ship, allowing water to get in and
cause decay. The danger to iron lies in
the rusting or corrosion, especially iu
the under water partsoutside from the
sea water and inside from the bilge
water. The only prevention is careful
watching, cleaning and painting, and
even witn all this supervision galvanic
action is uKeiy to do some damage
Therefore the life of an iron shin is lira
. ited, and in the present state of knowl
edge of the subject may be set down as
approximately thirty years, for, thonsrh
a ship will last longer, extensive repairs
wm nave to be made that will cost con
siderable money.
6TKEL BETTER THAN IRON.
It is also easier to repair an iron shiu
since the necessary shape can be turned
out at once. The rapidity with which
an iron ship can be built counts for
much. In the present day the ease with
which iron is obtained and worked con
. stitutes another element of ' cheapness
for the final cost today must amount to
nearly 35 per cent, less, especially when
the time, preparation, saving of weight
and life of the ship are considered.
Ab to the safety of a ship when, prop
erly constructed and subdivided, it is
only necessary to say that when the in ¬
ternal space of an ' iron shiD is sub
divided into many ' compartments bv
longitudinal or " transverse partitions
rising to a snmcient height, or. by hori
zontal platforms, or inner skin, and all
such divisions are made water tight, then
that ship is safer than any' wooden shin
would be against foundering, for the
space required for these bulkheads can
not be found in a timber built vessel.
The subject of Bteel may be briefly dis
cussed py remembering that steel is aim
: pry a superior kind of iron, and by vir
. toe of its greater strength is of lighter
weight. The strength of steel is from
VU.UOU to 100,000 pounds Per sauare inch.
Steel is as strong lengthwise as it is
broadwise; 'iron is one-fifth stronger
lengthwise than it' is broadwise. The
elastic limit of steel is about- 25 per
cent greater than that of iron, So steel
may be trusted with working loads
nearly 25 per cent, greater than the oth
er material. Lloyds estimate that by
' building ships of steel there is a saving
in weight over iron of about 15 per cent,
or,' to put the some thing, in another
way, a steel ship of the same dimensions
as an iron ship would have an increased
- cargo capacity (in weight) of some 15 or
20 per cent. .. -1. .
In the matter of cost, steel fo more ex
pensive at first, but the best proof of its
ultimate cheapness is found in the in
disputable fact that; modern merchant
ships are being built of steel. : In ISM
there were 560 steel ships built, T iron
and 27 composite and wood: There need
be no further argument as to the su
periority - of. steel from every point of
view. New York Times, :
Tha Taloo of Hedlciae.
"" .; . - .:. v-sMrfasa feus the - fat--lowing
story against himself: ' 'At times,''
he said, "there comes to most people a
doubting of . all that has heretofore
seemed the truest; Doctors,: as , well as
priests, are subject to these periods of
depression in which they question the
efficacy of their own judgment. In such
a mood, while I was superintendent ol
VHoepital de , I divided the treat-'
ment of the wards. In one I exercised
the best medical skill that the aid of
drugs could afford; - in the other I only
gave as medicine a little acrid water.
This experiment I continued for a month
with equally good nursing in both
wards." " - --
Well, with what results?" said his
listener.
"The cases in both wards' averaged
just the some," answered the doctor.
And what would you infer from
that?" said his companion.
I hardly know, continued the physi
cian. 'I was only thankful that the ex
periment did not actually score" against
the profession more than it did; but on
the principle of doing one's -best, I have
gone back to my medicines if not with
absolute confidence, at least with the
consciousness that we can at least alleviate-strifering,
and, all things being
favorable, may effect a cure. New York
Tnbnne. -
Kept Money in the farlor Stove.'
One of our well known school teachers
and her mother met with quite a loss re
cently, and a novel., though costly one it
was. They had saved some money dur
ing the summer, and had placed it for
safe keeping in the parlor . stove, this
stove being unused, of course, during the
summer. With the coming of the cold
snap a fire was lighted, the money for
the time being forgotten. When the
purse was thought of, it had been en
tirely consumed. The ladies lost fifty
dollars. . They had used the stove be
fore for a saving place, bat everything
had turned 'oat well. Lawrence Am'er
Gid
Feoole.
3. V. S. li the only Ssrsaparllia thst old or
feeble people should take, as the nvineir.1 potash
which is in every otherSarsai-arills t:-at v. c know
of, is under certain conditions known to be
emaciating. - J. V. 6. on the contrary is purely
vegetable and stimulates digestion aud creates
new blood, the Terr thing fcr olil, celitato or
broken down people. It builds them up and
prolongs their Uvea. A case in point;
Mrs. Belden an estimable and elderly lady ol
610 Mason St., & F. was for months declining so
rapidly as to seriously alarm her family. It got
so bad that she was finally afflicted with fainting
spells. She writes: " While in that dangerous
condition I saw some of the, testimonials con
cerning J. V. 8. and sent for a bottle. That marked
the turning point. I regained my lost flesh and
strength and hay not felt so well in years."
Th at was two years ago and Mrs. Belden is well
and hearty tp-day, and still taking J. V. B.
Ii you are old or feeble and want to be built up.
..Aikfor ': : : , .;
Sarsaparilla
Most modern, most effective, largest bottle.
Same price, S LOO, six for SSlOO.
For Sale by SNIPES & KINERSJLY
. " THE DALLES. OREGON.
Fifth Street Grade.
fcTOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN THAT THR
i.1 Common Council of Dalles City is about to
Iiroceea to ettaDusn oy ordinance tnegraae upon
IV. A.W.I. UK I.U DllxX, .1. DOIU Al...,
to-wit: On Fifth street from the west side of
union street to the east side of Washington st
The grade of said street will be fixed with refer
ence to the supposed stage of low water in the
l oiumijia river, wmcn is nxea at a point D2.81
feet below the ton of the hydrant at the south
west corner of first and Washington streets, in
said Dalles City, which point upon the Columbia
river is designated as the initial point from which
the elevations hereinafter stated are made. The
squares made by the crossings of streets with
said street, shall be of the following elevations
above the datum plane, or low water level of the
Columbia river, hereinbefore fixed. At thein
tersection of Fifth and Union streets. 78 feet At
the intersection of Fifth and Court streets 73.5
feet. At the intersection of Ffth and Washington
streets 78 feet. The grades of the aforesaid street
irom square to square snail Deunllorm and equal
xy vruer 01 we tommon council.
FRANK MENEFEE.
Recorder of Dalles City.
Dated this 4th day of March, 1892. - 3-7dl4t
Dissolution Notice.
Notice is hereby given to whom it may
concern that the undersigned partners
doing business under the firm name of
E. Jacobson & Co., at Dalles City, Ore-
on, have by mutual' consent, . this day
issolved the said partnership, J, w .
Condon bavins sold his said nartnershio
interest to Otis S. Savage, who will con
tinue tne Dusiness under the old farm
name with E. Jacobsen..
Dated Dalles City, March 12," 1892.
" . - JWv Condon,
- s ' ' E, Jacobsen.
notice. - :
To whom it may concern : " ' Notice is
hereby given that the undersigned, hav
ing this day sold his interest in the
partnership doing .business under the
firm name of E. Jacobsen & Co., will
not be responsible for any- indebtedness
in the name of said firm from and after
this date' .
Dalles City, Oregon, March 12tb, 1892.
" " ' r- - J. W. Condon.
JDISSOIjVTION NOTICE.
The partnership heretofore existing be
tween J. A. Orchard and U, S. Becknell,
Is this day dissolved by mutual consent.
J. A. Orchard will continue the business,
pay all debts and collect all accounts.
Dated, March lltb, 1892.
i ' . J. A. Obchabd, u
S-12d6t- XT. S. Becknell.
Joys
: NOTICE TO CONTRACTORS. ,
'Sealed proposals will be-received at
the office of K. F. Gibons until . Monday
noon, April 4th, 1892, for the erection of
the superstructure of the First Congrega
tional church building, of The Dalles, Or.,
according to the plans and specifications
tobeseen at the office of Crandall &
Burget. The building committee reserve
the right to reject any or all bids.
Dated March 14th, 1892.
. - R. F. Gibons,
" . B. & Huntington," -
3-14td Building Committee. ; .
THE BEST INrTHlORLI
BlackwelP
ull
Smoking Tobacco
. Situated in toe immediate section of country that produces a. grade
of tobacco, that in texture, flavor and quality is not grown elsewhere
in the world, and befog in position to command the choice of all offer
ings upon this market, we spare no pains nor expense to give the trade
THE VERY BEST.
When in want of the best; ask for
ull Durban?.
Sold everywhere. : None genuine without .the
Trade Mark of the Bull on each package.
BLACKWELL'S DURHAM TOBACCO CO.,
DURHAM, N. C
lew o. Columbia flotel,
THE DALLES, OREGON.
Best Dollar a Day
First-Class Meals, 25; Cents..
First Class Hotel in Every Respect.
. : None but the Best of White Help Employed
T. T. Nicholas, Pvop.
THE CHURCHES.
ST. PETER'S CHURCH Rev. Father Bboks
QKB8T Pastor. Low Mass every Sunday at
7 a. it. High Mass at 10:30 a. m. Vespers at
7r. M.
ADVENT CHRISTIAN CHURCH. Preaching
: in the Y. M. C. A. rooms every Sunday at 11
a. rn. and 7 p. m. Sunday school immediately
after morning service. J. A. Orchard, pastor.
ST. PAUL'S CHURCH Union Street, opposite
Fifth. Rev. EU D. Sutelifle Rector. Services
every Sunday at 11 a. m. and 7:30 P. M. Sunday
School 9:45 A. v. Evening Prayer on Friday at
7:30 ..- .
FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH Rev. O. D. Tat
lor, Pastor. Morning services every Sab
hath at the academy at 11 a. h. Sabbath
School immediately after morning services.
Prayer meeting Friday evening at Pastor's resi
denee. Union services in the court house at 7
P. M. v , '
CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH Rev. W. C.
Cdbtis, Pastor. Services every Sunday at 11
A. M. and 7 p. M. Sunday School after morning
service. Strangers cordially invited. Seats free.
ME. CHURCH Rev. A. C Spbncer, pastor.
Services every Sunday morning. Sunday
School at 12:20 o'clock P. M. A cordial invitation
is extended by both pastor and people to all.
J. B. BCHXXCXj
President.
H. M. BBAla.
. . Cashier.
first
Bank.!
:he dalles. - -
OREGON
A General Banking Business transacted
. Deposits received, subject to Sight
Draft o Check.
Collections made and proceeds promptly
.. remitted on day of collection..
Sight and Telegraphic Exchange sold on
New York, San Francisco and Port
. land.: -- .
DIliKCTOHS.
D. P. Thompson. Jno. S. Schknck.
Ed. M. Williams, - Gbo. A; Libbk.
- II. M. Bbaxl.
& CO.,
BANKERS.
TRANSACT A GENERALBANEINU BUSINESb
Letters of Credit issued available in the
' Eastern States.
Sight Exchange and Telegraphic
Transfers sold on New. York, Chicago, St.
Louis, San Francisco, Portland Oregon,
Seattle Wash., and various points in Or
egon and Washington. . .
Collections made at all points on fav
orable terms.
Closets S Chimneys Cleaned
Carpets take up, cleaned and put down,
- also Closets and Chimneve cleaned
on short notice at reasonable
- - . rates. .
Orders received through the po6toffice
GRANT MORSE
G;V. Johnston & Son,
BnUflers,
Shop at No. 112 First Street
, All Job Work promptly attended -and
estimates given on all wood work.
Jacob aVTbser
Has opened a shop in the "building
, mediately east of Skibbe's Hotel,
im-
Garpenters
v- - -FOR . '
Making and Repairing -
LADrES' ani GEHTLEMES'S
r : BOOTS AND SHOES
k? ; First-Claes Work and Low Prices
2-27tf . GCABAMTEXO. -
Durban)
House on the Coast!
SOCIETIES.
A 69EMBLY NO. 4827. K. OF L. Meets in K.
J. of P. hall the second and fourth Wednes
days ol each month at 7:30 p. m.
w
A8CO LODGE, SO. 15, A. P. & A. M. Meets
nrst ana tmra Monday of each month at 7
DALLES ROYAL ARCH CHAPTER NO.-6.
Meets in Masonic Hall the third Wednesday
MODERN WOODMEN OF THE WORLD.
Mt. Hood Camp No. 69, Meets Tuesday even
ing oi eacn weea in ue or K- ia.au, at 7:3U P. M.
COLUMBIA LODGE, NO. 5, L O. O. F. Meets
every iriaay evening at 7 :30 o'clock, in K.
of P. hall, corner Second and Court streets.
sojourning Drotners are welcome.
H. Clough, Sec'y. . H. A. Biixs,N. G.
FRIENDSHIP LODGE, NO. 9., K-. of P. Meets
every Monday evening at 7:S0 o'clock, in
Bchanno's building,' corner of Court and Second
streets, sojourning members are cordially in.
; D. W.VAC8I, K. of R. and S. - C. C.
UNION will meet every Friday afternoon
at S o'clock at the reading room. A 11 are invited.
TEMPLE LODGE NO. 8, A. O. U. W. Meets
- at K. f p. Hall, Corner Second and Court
streets, inursaay evenings at 7:30.
, . W. 8 Mtieb, Financier. . M. V.
TAB. NESMITH POST, No. 32, G. A. R. Meets
crerj oaHirusy at v:du r. M., in tne K. ot r
B.
OF L. E. Meete every Sunday afternoon in
HJO A.. VI x . nun.
rSKSANG VEREIN Meets every ' Sunday
cvuiuig ill Ul3 (V. m ST. X1EUI.
BOP L. F. DIVISION, No. 167 Sleets in the
. K. of P. Hall the first and third Wednes-
uy vwu 1UU11U1, st :mt f. M.
JOHN PASHEK,
t - Tailor,
Next door to Wasco Sun.
Madison's Latest System used in cutting
garments, ana a fit guaranteed
- each time. '
tepairring acid Cleaning
Neatly and Quickly Done. ;
Severe
Law.
The English peo
ple look more closely
to the genuineness
of these staples than
jre do. In facf, they
have a law under
which they make
seizures and . de
stroy ' adulterated
. . , - products that are
not what they are represented to be. Under
this statute thousands of pounds of tea have
been burned because of their wholesale adul
teration. . - .
Tea, by the way, is one of the most notori
ously adulterated articles of commerce. Not
alone are the bright, shiny green teas artifl-
- dally colored, but thousands of pounds Of
substitutes for tea leaves ere used to swell
the bulk of cheap' teai; ash, sloe, and willow
leaves, being those most commonly used.
Again, sweepings from tea warehouses are
colored and sold as tea. Even exhausted tea
leaves gathered from the tea-houses are kept,
dried, and made over and find their way into
the cheap teas. - .
The Eugli&h government attempts to stamp
this, out by confiscation; but no- tea is too
" poor for u and the result is, that probably
the poorest teas used by any nation are those
consumed in America. - v i ;
Beech's Tea is presented with the guar
anty that it Is nncoiored and unadulterated;
In fact, the sun-cured tea leaf pare and sim
ple. Its purity Insures superior strength,
about one third less cf it being required for
an Infusion than of the a-tincial teas, and Its
fragrance and exquisite flavor Is at -once ap
parent. -It will be a revelation to you. -la
order that it parity aad quality may' be guar
anteed, it is sold only In pound packages
bearing this trade-mark : -
BEEC
AsWdhbod?
SUM
Price We per pound. Forsalaa.
. Xieslie X3-ix-tXox6i,
. THE DALLES, ORBGOH.
THE DALLES GHROWICLE
IS
Of the Leading City
During the little over
has earnestly tried to fulfill the objects for which it
was founded, namely, to
industries, to advertise the
adjacent country and to
the sea.. Its record is before the people and the
phenomenal support it has received is accepted as the
expression of their approval. Independent in every
thing, neutral in nothing,
for what it believes to be
Commencing with the first number of the second
vclume the weekly has been enlarged to eight pages
while the price ($1.50 a year) remains the . same.
Thus both the weekly and daily editions contain
more reading matter for less money than any paper
published in the county.
GET YOUH
DONE AT
THE GIIR0I11CLE JO
Done cih
LIGHTi BINDING
Address all Mail Orders to
Chronicle
THE DALLES,
Jlill
of Eastern Oregon.
a year of its" existence it
assist in developing our
resources of the city and
work for an open river "to
it will live only to fight
just and right.
PHlJlTIIiG
Short Notice.
NEATLr DONE;
Pub. Co.,
f
OREGON.
WW