UYE STOCK THAT PAYS. '
YOU WANT FINE SPRING LAMBS,
here 4S Your sheep.
TOastrmtloamid Description of the Horned
JPrsct Both Sexes Have the Horns.
Heat Adapted to the Rearing ef Kaxly
Limbi for Market. '
We cab the attention of onr readers to
the Dorset horned sheep, as shown in
fits illustration. Both rams and ewes
mro horned. The Dorset belongs to the
family of sheep that produce wool of
medium length. It is excellent for comb
ing. The wool is soft, white and clean,
aad weighs on the average about six
-pounds to the fleece. When the early
lambs are marketed the fleeces are
hoaxed off and sold as lambs' wooL
It is not, however, as a wool sheep,
"but as a spring lamb producer that we
commend the Dorset to the attention of
breeders. It is only beginning to be
known in this country, but the breed
ha been a noted one in the south of
England for generations. It has not yet
teen sufficiently tried in America to es
tablish its perfect hardiness in the
northwest, but in northern New York it
lias been introduced with the greatest
i and good profit.
BORNEO DORSET SHEEP.
. It is perhaps the most prolific breed of
-sheep known. For producing- winter
and spring lambs no ewe has been tried
. that is equal to the horned Dorset. In
England the ewes are bred in April. In
September they bring the lambs, which
are marketed at Christmas. In this
country, so far as they have been tried,
the effort has been made to breed the
ewes a little later, have the lambs come
the first of November and be ready for
-market in February. No -other sheep
known has such prepotency and vigor
as the Dorset. Ewes when bred to
Donets produce more, twin lambs than
any others, and often breed twice in a
year, thus giving two crops of lambs. A
famous flock of 400 ewes owned by Mr.
Pitfield, of Bridport, England, produced
S55 lambs in a single season.
The Dorset is the breed par excel
lence for spring lamb raising. Wher
ever this is profitable try the - Dorsets.
They are hardy and healthy, and in spite
of their great horns docile and quiet.
At 2 years old they weigh 100 pounds,
-without being especially fattened. The
Dorsets have white legs, with large
xucjr uavo a uwp, lull unbKttt auu long
legs which are light of bone. When a
. cross is made between Dorset and South
down the result is a larger sheen, with a
1 .1 , , . A - ,
"heavier, finer fleece, but not so prolifio
C lambs.
Ventilating the Hens.
Ventilation, properly attended to, is
eoncintial to the health of the fowls in
- winter, and it tends to increase their
egg laving. Every hennery should have
a ventilator, but it should always be
closed tight on the approach of cold
weather. Many ventilators do more
harm than good. The idea is to keep
the air circulating only when the weath
er ia warm. During cold weather suffi
cient ventilation can be given by throw
ing the doors and windows open, in the
day time. If impure odors seem to suf
focate the inhabitants of the house the
ne thing needful is a little work in
cleaning out the place, and then in dis
tributing some absorbents around. Cold
winds and draughts from ventilators
cause the death of more fowls than almost
anything else in the improved Bort of
henhouses.. Ventilation is essential to
the health of the fowls, and, hence, to
their egg laying, but it can only be ob
tained by a little forethought and care.
Watch the thermometer, and . regulate
the air accordingly. It will pay in the
end. Annie C Webster in American
Cultivator.
Poultry Hints.
The poultry like a feed of green stuff
very day, a head of cabbage to pick at,
or a little fine clover nay. Some poultry
fanciers save a little rowen clover on
purpose for winter food for the hens,
.Now is the time when a warm mash, of
boiled vegetables and meal or bran, is
well relished in the morning, and the
eggs will be more abundant in conse
quence. Separate those which are in--tended
as the parents of the next year's
stock. The contamination from mi-ring
with inferior stock just before laying
begins will last many weeks, and per-
- haps months, as many a fancier has
Jearned to his cost.' Select those that
seem - as near perfect in form, size and
color as can be found, and so mate them
aa to improve rather than deteriorate.
Select those that are good, free layers,
if yon would raise pallets that will lay
well another year. American Culti
vator. .
Mutton, Katera.
The rapid increase in the consumption
f mutton in the United States is con,
-sidered worthy of especial note in the
annual report of tbe department of agri-
- ealture for the current year. The secre
tary for agriculture observes that a can
vass of the principal cities of the coun
try would evidently show that the con
sumption of mutton has doubled in
thirteen years, that is between 1875 and
1888, being a rate of increase twice as
-rapid as the advance of population. He
adds that "the healthfulness of mutton,
its suitability for summer use in warm
. climates and its growing popularity as
highly fed animals of the best mutton
' breeds become more common iii our
markets, contribute to the rapidly en
larging demand," and he considers that
"this branch of sheep raising shocld re-
laoeive greater attention." - '.-.' '
composting manures.
Composting- Versus Drawing Out Manure
as Fast as Made. -
The idea is becoming prevalent that
composting is of little benefit, and that
the cheaper method of drawing out the
manure as fast as made and spreading
it on the land is nearly as good. It is
argued that the manure must ferment
some time, and in the soil there is little
chance for its fertilizing properties to
escape. But, says American Cultivator,
we suspect . that the fact of the new
method saving labor is with many the
most important consideration.
It is not doubted that composting ma
nure makes it more immediately avail
able. It does not add to the benefit that
the manure ultimately gives, but if the
compost heap is properly protected it
need not detract from it. Assuming
that the same quantity of manure will
ultimately in. either case pat an equal
-amount of plant food in the soil, there is
still a great advantage in having it ready
for use early in the season. Excepting
winter wheat and rye, no farm crops are
sown late in the season, and even these
make only a small part of their growth
in the falL If manure is applied late in
spring Tmfermen ted it is often past mid
summer before the crop gets full benefit
from it Corn ground, cultivated often,
may be helped by the 1st of July, but
small spring grains, on ground covered
in spring with wholly nnf ermented ma
nure, rarely receive much benefit.
Stable manure is never drawn out
wholly unf ermented. It has to be gath
ered into heaps for greater convenience
in handling, and thus gathered fermen
tation, especially with horse manure, be
gins quickly and progresses rapidly. . It
is for this reason in great part that horse
manure is generally reckoned worth
more than that from cows. It is ' some
what fermented, and therefore some
what soluble before being applied. Pile
the cow manure in heaps a few days,
give it equal fermentation, and if the
cows have been fed as well as the horses
their manure ought to be equally valua
ble. We believe farmers would find it to
their interest to pile up all manure at
least a few days, and especially in win
ter, before drawing it to the fields. Of
course the heaps thus piled up should be
protected from rains and snow, and
should also be covered with loam or other
absorbent to prevent evaporation. In
such condition they might be left a month
or more without loss by evaporation.
Tbe extra labor in piling up the manure
is partly offset by the lessened amount
to be drawn, and its finer condition,
which enables it to be more evenly dis
tributed, and by its greater availablity.
It is somewhat strange that this prin
ciple has not been more generally recog
nized. Farmers pay large amounts of
money for commercial manures, mainly
because they are immediately available
and easily distributed. If they put more
labor in composting their own home
made stable manure, a part at least of
this expense would not be needed. The
farmer might himself compost the ma
nure, and if he purchased commercial
fertilizers, mix both, and thus get dou
ble the immediate benefit from manur
ing that he does now.
The TJse of Comb Foundation.
Beginners who are not familiar with
the use of comb foundation will find help
in the following advice given by A. L
Root, recognize authority on all mat
ters pertaining to apiculture, in his bee
and honey manual for 1891. He says:
I think there is little question that it
pays to use foundation in full sheets in
the brood frames and sections, especially
the latter. If you think you cannot af
ford so much you should at least have a
strip for a starter. It will help much
more than it costs in getting straight,
even combs. You can use a starter any
width from one inch up. Heavy, medium
and light brood foundation is used only
in brood frames, thin and extra thin only
in surplus boxes.
For frames without wire, and those
deeper than L frames, heavy or medium
brood should be used. Never use light
brood in full sheets without wire, and
even with wire medium brood is much
more satisfactory. Light brood costs
lees per square foot, but is very liable to
sag without wire and to wrinkle when
wire is used.
If you use otly a starter in section
boxes thin foundation is' best; if full
starters axe used extra thin will be bet
ter, as it is not so perceptible in the
honey when finiwhed, and does not make
what has been called "fishbone" in comb
honey, it bein; so thin some have
trouble with tie bees tearing it down,
and therefore they prefer to use thin.
For the person who is not sure what he
wants we advise medium brood for use'
in brood frames and thin surplus for
sections.
Profits of Sheep Raising-.
Aside from the usual profit of Kheep
raising, the farmer who judiciously pas
tures them over his land for a number of
seasoiis will have the finest and most
productive lands known to agriculture.
In this maimer a further and more staple
source of profit may be secured than
from any other class of stock. Sheep
require frequent change of pasturage,
and good range for them is always com
pensated for by an increase of vigor and
growth. Do not keep your sheep con
fined, and in herding allow them to scat
ter about as much as possible at their
will V
Ag-rienltnral Motes.
The smart man will cut clover hay and
mix corn and bran with it for his hogs.
The next smartest man will give his hogs
ensilage and bran with some linseed
meal mixed in.
If a farmer who grows beans has no
sheep he can soon teach the cows to eat
bean fodder.
It is the freezing and thawing that is
injurious to pansies and strawberries.
Cover them to prevent this. ,
When the-hens are Blow to lay, one 6"f
the best invigorators is a mess of lean
meat twice or-three times a week. ' About
an ounce for each hen is sufficient at a
meat
FREIGHT CONDENSERS.
WHAT THE ADVANCED FARMER
RAISES UVE STOCK FOR.
Farmers with Grass and Grain to Market
Prefer to Get the Goods in a Shape
Where It Can Walk Off of Itself Shall
It He Horses or Steers?
Advanced farmers in the west use the
farm's animals merely as freight con
densers. They have a large amount of
grains, grasses and hay for which they
must seek a distant market, and they
prefer the animal which will carry these
products to market with the greatest
profit. With some farmers the hog is
preferred for grains, the steer for grasses,
while others prefer the sheep, still oth
ers the horse, while ordinarily a combi
nation of these with the corn is required
to serve the purpose of the farmer.
There has been no little discussion as
to the difference between the capacity of
the horse and the steer to make a profit
able use of food. The horse, pound for
pound, sells for about two and a half
times as much as the steer, but the first
cost is relatively much larger. Given
both as weanlings there is probably very
little difference between the; cost of the
pounds added that difference ia in the
conditions and circumstances of the
farmer, rather than in the animals
themselves. With winter blue grass
pastures north of the winter mud line
we are satisfied that a pound of horse
flesh can be made cheaper than a pound
of beef. German experiments seem to
show that the steer digests coarse food a
trifle better than the horse, while French
and American experiments lead to about
the same results.
Whether1, therefore, the horse or the
steer should be preferred depends on con
siderations other than those of. the cost
of making the pounds. These are lia
bility to damage from accidents, the
character of the farm as to its adapta
tion to grain or grass, the individual
tastes of the owner, the quality of brood
mares or colts available for purchase,
and other matters of like character.
Homestead.
Fancy Poultry.
The chicken breeder who has got far
enough along in his business to gratify
his eye for the picturesque cannot do
better than to go in for fancy fowl rais
ing to some extent. But he should do it
cautiously, and even here with an eye
to ultimate profit. At the country
places of wealthy people fancy fowls are
in demand. They look handsome and
striking about the grounds. Rich peo
ple are increasing in the United States
every year, and more of them are want
ing country places, therefore the careful
breeder of poultry novelties may be tol
erably sure of a market for them if he
lives in the right place.
houbans. -
One of the most picturesque breeds of
fancy chickens is the Houdan, a French
fowl. The Houdans are black and
white penciled birds, with splendid
crests or topknots. They are bearded
about the throat, and are altogether odd
and attractive. They are very good
layers, too, producing fine large eggs,
but the hens are not inclined to the sit
ting and hatching business, and it will
be well to let some of the common
hens mother the chicks, or stepmoth
er them, according as one regards
the hen that lays or the hen that
hatches the egg as the mother of the
chick. The Houdans come naturally
from a warmer climate than bur -northern
states, . therefore they must have
warm, dry quarters in winter. Their
flesh is excellent eating. lake the Dor
king, they have a fifth toe.
The Japanese bantam is another odd
and pretty fowl. It comes black and
white. In rearing bantams the object
is to make them as - small as possible,
and the chicks of a little Japanese ban
tam hen look scarcely larger than young
birds.
JAPANESE BANTAMS.
A pair of these quaint and attractive
little creatures is shown in - tbe illustra
tion. They are popular as pefc chickens.
If you want to keep them very small in
deed, hatch them in the fall, bo as to stunt
their growth by the cold weather. The
flesh of the bantam is excellent, though
there is not much of it, and bantam
eggs are considered the finest flavored
of any for table use.
Points of Interest.
Gather eggs twice a day during freez
ing weather.
For breeders, select the pigs from old
sows. They will be longer bodied and
have stronger bones. For pigs to marke:
and mature early,- however, young sows'
offspring will fill the bill. '
Dr. Koch's lymph has been tried on
cows with lung disease, and been found
to work as well with them as with hnmar
beings.
- Many a well to do farmer got his land
paid for by raising hogs. In suitable
localities no better paying stock can b
kept..
J. M. HUNTINGTON & CO.
Abstracters,
. Heal Estate and
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COUNTRY OR CITY,
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And Will Write Insurance for
on all
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Promptly Answered. Call on or
Address,
J. M. HUNTINGTON & CO.
Opera House Block, The Dalles, Or.
JAMES WHITE,
Has Opened a
IjiTa.xxolx Counter,
In Connection With his Fruit Stand
and Will Serve
Hot Coffee, Ham Sandwich, Pigs' Feet,
and- Fresh Oysters.
Convenient to the Passenger
Depot.
On Second St., near corner of Madison.
Also a
Branch Bakery, California
Orange Cider, and the
Best Apple Cider.
If you want a good lunch, give me a call.
Open all Night
C. N. THORNBURY, T. A. HUDSON,
Late Rec. U. 8. Land Office. Notary Public.
THORNBURY & HUDSOH.
ROOMS 8 and 9 LAND OFFICE BUILDING,
PostofHce Box 325,
THE DALLES, OR.
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Prescription lruggists,
175 Second St. - The Dalles, Or.
$500 Regard! -
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cnronicie