. SATURDAY. . NOVEMBER , 5, 1821.
1 EFFICIENT MARKETING"
R.EC50M
BETTER FARMING
' THE; OREGON - DAILY f JOURNAL, PORTLAND. - OREGON
rfAVAL ACADEMY
THAT IS SUCCESS
Unci Etn U a (reat believer In milk
la the rmtiona of the young men he is
preparing1 to do hia work. One of the
moat interesting and convincing demon
stratlons of the value of good, dean
milk baa been provided by tha naval
academy which alma to overlook no fac
tor In tha development of brain and
brawn In the future offlcera of the nary.
The eatabllahment of a dairy farm In
connection with the naval academy haa
' been accompanied by a marked diminu
tion of caatFO-lnteaUnal disorder, which
previously were prevalent among the
midshipmen. During- the period before
the dairy farm waa established, an
are race of (74 "alck daya" a year from
dlfssUve dlaordera occurred among- the
anidahlpmen. In thla Instance, a "alck
day" meana one man alck for one day.
UALTH EECOHD MADE
During tha year ending December SI
1120, with about three timet aa many
man at the academy, there were only
IK alck daya Whether thla decreaae In
atckneaa la due to more milk, better milk,
r other factors, no one can positively
tail ; but there la mora than a strong
presumption that good milk la tha ex
planation, according to tha opinion of
the United States department of agrl
culture, which cooperates with the naval
academy authorities In the supervision
f their dairy farm.
About it years ago an outbreak of
typhoid fever occurred at the United
Stataa naval academy at Annapolis. The
secretary of the navy appointed a raedl
ej board which, after careful investiga
tion, reported that the Infection waa
due to milk. At that time the academy
was using about MO gallona of milk
ally, the aupply coming from a num
ber of local dairy farm. Investiga
tion demonstrated that the dairy prod-
seta were Insanitary and not suitable
because they were produced under 1m
proper conditions. The outcome of this
tnveetigktlon waa the construction of a
modern, sanitary dairy owned and op-
orated by the academy.
SIVAKD IS HEAVY
From the beginning, the aucceaa of the
naval academy dairy farm was assured
but aoon a new difficulty arose. Th
milk waa so good that the dairy could
not aupply the demand. Furthermore,
the land occupied by tha dairy was
needed by tha academy for other pur
poeea i so, literally, the institution had
to "tear down- Ha barns and build
. greater." Congreaa agreed to advance
1244.000 for a larger plant. Several farms,
aggregating 1(4 acres, were purchased
at Gambrllla, Md.. about 11 miles from
Anna polls, on the trolley line connect! n
that city with Baltimore and Washing
ton.
Tha first milk was shipped from the
new dairy In the spring of 1915. At
present th naval academy dairy la In
full operation and haa the appearance
of a amall village. Shelter and feeding
barna were erected on a dlatant part or
, v th farm where dry cowa and jgiung
artock are kept. On a high knoll near
th car Una stand the new buildings of
th dairy proper. The milk herd la
housed In five 60-cow milking barns,
whkh are built of hollow tile, plastered
lnalde. and stuccoed outside. These
barna are sanitary In every respect,
with concrete floors and gutters, an
abundance of windows and Improved
Ventilating systems.
COWS WELL BEDDED
Th cows are well bedded and stand
on cork-brick platforms. All modern
facilities and equipment are provided on
thla up-to-date dairy project for the pro
duction of large quantltlea of sanitary
milk. Th seven concrete silos, with a
combined capacity for 12t0 tons, are
among (ha feed facilities.
Tber are 221 cowa on the farm. 170
f which are In milk. All are Holateln,
mostly typy gradea which have been
carefully selected In the dairy districts
f Ohio and Wisconsin. Forty-one reg
tstared animals hav been, added to the
herd. Of course, all th aires are pure
bred a of outstanding excellence. Every
nlmal In tuberculin tested before It la
, purchased and la reteeted after arrival
at the farm.- One hundred and seventy
cowa now milked are producing 500 gal
lona of milk dally for about 1S5Q mid
nhlpmen.
Judging Contests 7
Between Students
To Be Keen Event
Oregon Agricultural College, Corval
lia, Nov. S. One- of the closest competl
tiona In the Northwest In Intercollegiate
stock judging haa been entered by six
atudenta in animal husbandry. The men
left Friday for Portland to represent
. A. C.
Close Judging Is expected, according
to local livestock authorities. Seven col
leges have been entered, including 'the
University of British Columbia, Wash
ington State college. University of Idaho,
Utah Agricultural college. University of
Caliromia, Montana State college and
Oregon Agricultural college. The O. A.
C team will be O. F. Loy of Buena
Vista, Joe Kaaberger' of. The Dalles,
Warren Dalgh of Ontario, Cat.. J. C
Hogg of 8alem. Lawrence Brown of Cor-
vail la and Porter A, Brimmer of Rialto,
CaL
BY
RESERVE HEADS
m EREST NG FACTS
ON POTATO GROWTH
How do potatoes grow?
Why -do some vines produce many
tubers and others Only a few?
Do big seed pieces produce better po
tatoes than amall pieces?
When doea the tuber befrin to form?
When Woes moisture have the most
effect on the production of potatoes?
What is the relation of soil to potato
production?
These are a few among many-. Ques
tions which hav been asked about the
growth and yield of one of America's
largest and most distinctive crops, and
which former observers have been able
to answer only incompletely. Experts
In the bureau of plant industry. United
States department of agriculture, have
conducted a series of experiments in
potato growth, the results of which are
published -in department bulletin 958,
development of tubers in the potato,
which haa Juat been Issued. The infor
mation contained Is of. Interest not only
to the plant physiologist, but also to
the practical grower, as a knowledge of
the relation of the aetting and subse
quent development of tubers of the
potato may, to a certain extent, be put
to -practical use.
MAXIMUM GROWTH PERIOD
Tuber formation, the department ex
perts state, begins In general at about
the end of the period of flower bud
development, although this" Is not in all
cases an exact criterion. Experiments
showed that the number, as well as the
size, of potatoes In a hill Increased for
several weeks after the first potatoes
were large enough to dig. A small in
creane in ' the weight of tubers was
found to occur even after the vines had
been killed by frost. The maximum
rate of growth of the tubers was found
to occur about the last of August or
first of September, which was approxi
mately SO daya after planting.
An interesting development of the
experiments was that the number and
weight of tubers per hill were found to
be Influenced by the. else and the kind
of seed planted. Whole potatoes used
as seed yielded heavier than half pota
toes, and these more than quarters, and
the larger th seed -piece the greater
the yield per hill. A whole potato used
as seed yielded more .than a half or
quarter potato of equal weight.
LIGHT 80IL BETTER
Th experiments showed that appar
ently light soils are better for potatoes
than heavy soils. The lowest produc
tion of tubers, with respect to both num
ber and weight per hill, waa on the
heaviest soil ; the highest numbers and
yields were produced on the lightest
soil. The department experts deem It
possible, however, that these results
might be modified somewhat under dif
ferent climatic conditions.
Two-year testa with Irrigation indi
cate that the early application of water
before tuber formation had started re
sulted in an Increase in the number of
tubers, as well as In the weic-ht oer
hill. Late irrigation actually increased
the weight, but made little difference
in the number of tubers per hill. The
Irrigation experiments were not carried
Senator Bishop's
Herd Is Entered
In Internationa
No Holateln show ring In the North
wst would be complet without th
prnc of Senator William Bishop of
Chimaeum. th veteran Holateln breeder,
and at the coming exposition at Port
land th senator will be on hand with
a full entry of th black and whltea.
His famous 1000-pound bull Oreenbank
ir Ormaby Hengerveld. this year win
ner of th grand championship wher-
ever ahown. Including Southwest Wash
tngtoa and th Washington state fairs.
will head th Chlmacum ahow herd at
Portland. Haaelwood Pleterj Jewel
aged cow In th Bishop ahow herd, won
fourth place In a claaa of 20 last year
i at the Pacific International, when aha
was not In her beat condition. Sh ia
- years eld and will make over 1000
' bounds this year.
It -beoaro th regular thing at the
1129 fairs, where Senator Bishop ex
hibited, to name th Oreenbank bull
sad Halwood cow grand champions,
- th stale fair being th only exception,
wher th grand championship on cows
want to Tom Owens of Klrkland. Th
Blahop strain la widely disseminated
throughout th Northwest . and is fa
mens for Its combination of show and
r4 action type. Many high record
bar been mad by cowa of hta breeding
M show awarda credited to th Blahop
, blood will not be limited to th string
entered, at Portland thla yeir by the
senator himself.
j MEET US THIS WEEK 1 GROMllS
'.X"" :: . . ; :;j 1 RULING MADE
v I
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I
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i h r. f
PotaeMgss)OwX. n i : : . I 1
r- - -ecoxe-i unpens ! I
i t 11
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f, ,v-l I t1
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- --K r 4I'-v - s - v At - t
ii -x-, 1 r - v J t f i - 1 J f I - "
h 0- v V - ti I ' V Biotas -:
to a final conclusion, but indicate that Some typical animals which have won grand championships at state fairs and now await Inspection and awards
earn application of water at almost anv I .1 . . .
nlwt In K. .w. " "1C X M.iiiu llumijlUUlUU UTBBWCX SHOW.
r ... V k.vwma VI UiQ uu&ilu ur?-
vlded excessive quantities are not used.
may do expected to produce an Increase
In the weight of the crop, but that little
or no Increase In the number of tubers
is imeiy to result from Irrigation after
tuber formation is well started.
16-YEAR-OLD BOY IS
Oregon Prune Drier
Attracts Attention
In Far-Off Hungary
EXPERT HERDSMAN
Jlmmie Watson, the 16-year-old son
of RoUie .W. Watson of Tillamook, is
herdsman and caretaker for his father's
fine Holateln herd. . For the last four
years he has been interested in purebred
Holsteins, feeding and milking them
pounds of milk,-testing 3.894. containing
26.12 pounds of butter. This record
would have exceeded 30 pounds in the
hands of a more experienced herdsman.
The dam has continued on semi-official
work to qualify in the 305-day division.
The sire is Sir Bessie Fayne Dekol
Fobes. whose daughters are now mak
ing ARO records on Highland Grove
farm, Tillamook Lola May Dekol hav
ing a 28.66 pound butter record with
over 715 pounds of milk in seven days
and there are others that wftl, we be
lieve, exceed these records,"
says H. C. Seymour, state leader. More
than 150 registered animals will be' in
eluded in the Bhowlns? made by boys and
girls over the state.. Sixty -pens of rab
bits will be shown and 75 pens of
chickens.
Concerning the ruling recently made
"by the federal reserve board to the ef
fect that growers drafts accepted by co
operative marketing associations should
be classed, if the proceeds are to be used
for an agricultural purpose, aa agricul
tural paper eligible for rediscount at
federal reserve banks. Secretary of Ag
riculture Henry C Wallace said: "It Is
ruling of Importance . and should re-
suit In making bank credit Mors avail
able for farm use,"
In the case which resulted In the rul
ing being made, members of a tobacco
growers' cooperative marketing associa
tion drew drafts upon the association
which was acting as their agent only
in the sale of their tobacco. The drafts
were accepted by the association and
the federal reserve board was then called
upon to decide whether the drafts should
be classed as agricultural paper eligible
for rediscount at federal reserve banks
with a maturity up to six months or
should be classed aa commercial paper
eligible for rediscount only when its
maturity date is not in excess of 90
daya
AGRICULTURAL PAPER
The board ruled that where the drafts.
complied in other respects with the re
quirements of the law, and the board'a
regulations, that the drafts should be
classed as agricultural paper and
such would be eligible for rediscount by
a bank that was a member of the fed
eral reserve system with a federal re
serve bank for a- period not in excess of
six months. If the cooperative associa
tion had been the purchaser of the to
bacco instead of the agent of the mem
bers in the sale of the tobacco, the rul
ing would have been otherwise, and the
drafts would have been classed as com
mercial paper, and as such would only
have been eligible for rediscount with a
maturity not in excess of 90 daya
Before any association accepts any
drafts. Secretary Wallace pointed out, it
ahould consult the local bankers and ob
tain their opinion as to the percentage
of the market value of the products de
livered for which these drafts ahould be
accepted.
SAFETY OF 1HT EBTMEHT
"It Is only natural." he said, "that if
the drafts are drawn. for a conservative
percentage of the value of the products
which the farmer haa delivered to the
association, that the bankers, and even
subsequent holders, will regard the
drafts as a much safer Investment than
If the drafts represent a high percent
age. This Is especially true during the
present time when market valuea are so
uncertain. Either notes, drafts or bills
of exchange, it should be remembered,
drawn or Issued by farmers for agricul
tural purposes and secured by federal
warehouse receipts for readily market
able staples are eligible for rediscount
under the six months' rule."
Department specialists in farm finance
believe that the method employed by the
tobacco growers association woefld be
found of value by other cooperative as
sociations, especially when used in con
nection with receipts for agricultural
products Issued by warehouses licensed
under the federal warehouse act.
There is a growing tendency on th
part of bankers throughout the country
to require federal warehouse receipts
when making loans based on agricul
tural products. '
BC8IXESS IS BUSINESS
The president of the New York Bank
ers' association, in discussing the matter
of granting credit on product to farmers
and the Importance of a warehouse re
ceipt, recently said :
"My own theory is that w ought to
be free in extending loans to deserving
farmers and make them feel that we
are ready to cooperate when the credit
Is right. Our credit man. for instance, is
having an interesting time educating
farmers to see the' difference between
loaning on potatoes in the farmer's cel
lar which are ungraded, uninsured, sub
ject to frost and other hazards, and on
apples graded by a third party and
stored in a warehouse with warehouse
receipt issued to the bank. In other
words, we are showing to the farmers
that if they would handle their produce
in the way the best business houses do.
their loans would t as welcome as those
of the business houses."
Will Demonstrate
Canning at Show
Demonstrations of meat canning will
be given at the Pacific International
Livestock show all next week, each day.
except Sunday, from It a. m. to 1:10
p. rl, according to Hiss Helen CowgllL
assistant state club leader. A special
booth has been provided in th new two
acre exhibits annex to the stock snow
pavilion for. this purpose, fitted up with
an electric stove and other equipment.
Each day the booth will be in charge of
a different team and the girls will serve
sandwiches made of the meat canno
th day before,
SQUIRRELS KILLED
BY POISON GRAIN
COW TESTING PUN
INCREASES IN U. S.
The nractioa of testing cowa to deter
mine their milk and butterfat production
and feed consumption hy means or cow
testing associations haa become wide
spread. There are now 452 associations
of this kind in the United States, besidea
many in foreign countries.
In most cases eacn association "
one tester and no more cowa man can
be well handled, but there are some
verv laree ones and some that are mucs
smaller than the standard. Th theo
retical number of members in a cow.
testlnr association is 26. which makes
one member for the tester to visit each
working day of the month.
A member of aucn an association is
supposed to have not more tnan o
cows, as that makes a large flays wora.
If every member had that numoer. uicr
would be 788 cows In the association,
but few of them have that many.
OXE TESTS tH COWS
There la no definite relation between
th number of members in an association
and the number of cows owned. In Cali
fornia there Is one. association that tests
4000 cows and another that tests- 4400.
and the number of members are. respec
tively. 46 and 10.
Another in the same stats has U
members and only 1439 cowa There are
12 associations In California with over
1000 cowa each. ?
Ordinarily th number of cowa In an
association runs from 300 to sOO, th
average for the country being 429. The
number of herds averages 24.9- T h-ve
more than on tester 4a a California
practice, and on association In Uiat
state has three. In contrast to the large
associations in California, and a few
elsewhere, there are some that are quite
small.
IXPKOTEMEST SHOW
Ofle in Massachusetts has 9 members
and 125 cowa; another. In Kansas, has
10 members and ti cows, and In Mich I
gan there is one with 4 herds and only
45 cows.
The use of cooperative cow-testing as
sociations haa resulted in great Improve
ment in the quality of the dairy cowa In
the localities where they have been or
ganlsed. by reason of the sifting out of
the low producers and the discovery of
good cows that might otherwise have
been sacrificed.
The Cnited States department of agri
culture collects statistics of all the cow-
testing associations and issues a direc
tory of all those that are active on July
each year. -It also assists In the
organization of associations, working
through the county agent. If there is
one In the community.
Ground squirrels m tl Oregon counties
were this year fought with 70.00 pounds
of poisoned grain prepared In accord
ance with the formula recommended by
th biological survey. This grain was
used on 1664 farms, and. according ta
reports, was aa effective as it has ben
in th past years. Th poisoned grain
was prepared by county agents and dis
tributed In the different communities
through members of the county peat
control committees.
Some counties carry on Very intrnalT
campaigns poisoning all the cultivated
landa in many com muni ties. Farmers in
W'asco county eatlmate that more than
90 per Cent of the privately owned land
in that county was treated thia vrar.
As a result of thia effective work, the
biological survey "used sotn government
funda for poison on public lands and for
est rrtrtM adjacent to cultivated. B
pooling orders through the county agent,
large savings are made In the cost of '
poison, since th ingredients are pur
chased In large quantities at wholesale
prices from government stores.
Th most extensive drives this year
were made in Wasco. Wallowa. Crook.
Lake. Union and Malheur counties In
Eastern Oregon and Eouf1aa. Benton
and Polk In Western Oregon.
Wallowa county used the mol poison,
five tons having been distributed lo
farmers and by County Agent C. U
Jamison. Seven hundred and fifty
farmers used poison. This number Is ,
more than three fourths of the farmers
of the county. This is the-fourth ear
Intensive work has been carried on tn
Wallowa county and the number of pests
on cultivated landa is estimated to have
decreased by 90 to 90 per rent. Crook
county used four tons of poison. Wasco
county more than three and Lake county
about three Ions.
With Increased cultivation of land In
Eastern Oregon, the ground squirrels in
crease in number bwiuat of the added
food aupply and in two or three coun
ties uhere nb effort have been made
toward control. Increasing damage ia
noted from year to year.
To get your money's worth, advertise
in the. farm, section, of The Journal.
Don Fairfax, Grand
Champion Bull, Is in
Hereford Sale List
Interest In the Pacific International
Hereford sale scheduled for Friday, No
vember 11. was Increased 1th the an
nouncement that Don Fairfax, grand
champion Hereford bull, at th Western
Royal held last week In Spokane. Wash.,
has been consigned lo the Portland
Hereford sale.
The grand champion steer at laM
week's Western Royal mas a purebred
Hereford bred by Herbert Chandler of
Baker. Or. and fitted and exhibited by
th University of Idaho. Thla line bred
Prince Rupert steer is a senior calf and
he has not only been entered at the
Pacific International at Portland but
be mill compete in the. steer classes at
the Chicago International. Fred Bejr
llss, herdsman for the Idaho university,
fitted and showed the steer champion.
B A N K of
KENTON
PORTLANb, OREGON
FARMERS TO BE GUESTS
Montesano, Wash., Nov. 6. Farmers
of Grays Harbor county will again be
the guests of the Montesano Commercial
club at a good fellowship banquet thla
fall. . Last year 300 farmers and their
wives were entertained. The date has
not yet been announced.
Oregon Agricultural College. Corval-
11s, Nov. 6. The fame of the Orearon
tunnel prune dryer, designed by E. M. and making some official records with
wiegana or tn horticultural products the foundation cn- The m-ork that
department, has spread to foreign landa Jlmmie has been doing and the records
A nsAiiast fnAtM T U7litaseatav sV O n 6 I.. ...
" jm m. svu vl 1 mat ne nas made snouid be an lnspira-
Budapest has been-recelved . for blue Uon to other- boys who are Interested In
yruiiB i mi irun apparatus. I dairying ;
California Is also being attracted by ghow with
tn new type 01 oner. iwo 01 ine DefcoL
lartBBi prune growers oi loai Slate
Carl K. Schnavel and Ned Raney of
He will go to the livestock
Sir Bessie Canary Fobes
Sir Bessie Canary Fobes Dekol, owned
Tuba City and Llva Oaka respectively- by Waton' ,won an?
wer In Corvallla recently gathering in-
grand champion male at the Tillamook
ranches.
Crook Spuds First in
International Show
Organizers Going
To Marion
formation and data with .a view to in-1 cnX and was fifith to a large
stalling this type of drier on their own CJ" Oregon state fair. He
nvara.M iuvus competitor tor snow
ring honors at the Pacific International.
Following la an excerpt from a letter
written by Watson:
"Sir Bessie Canary Fobes Dekol was
dropped on February 3, 1921. His dam,
Canary Fobes May Dekol, started on a
seven-day official test in the stanchions.
Prlnv-rU- m S An Mhlhit of no- I unoer oruinary I arm care, euong wun
iatoea sent to the International Potato 1th r8t of, tha cows and made 536.60
show at Duluth, Minn., from Crook
county won first prise and also took
prises for being the best potatoes from
a distance. A peck of Irish Cobblers or
Earliest of All potatoes raised by S. D.
Mustard on his farm In Powell Butte
carried off everything' in - that class.
Mustard's crop Is estimated at about
20.006 sacks and he has built three po
tato houses on his place to tak proper
care of hia crop. Potato raising is be
coming on of tha leading; Industries of
Central Oregon.
County
alenv nor. 6. Orcanliers of the
State (arm bureau will enter Marlon
county within the next two weeks, ac
cording ts Ooorg A. Mansfield of Jack
so county, president of the stats or
ganisation. The organisers this week
worked la Yamhill county where 34
meetings were held In schoolhouses and
Rhode Island Reds
Primed for Exhibit
' Corbett. ' Or.. Nov. 5. A. Raney has
been busy getting his prize Rhode Island
birds ready for the Pacific" International
Livestock show. He will also have two
fine hogs of the Chester White type at
tho show. The hogs belong to Julius
Meier of Portland.
Boys and Girls to
Have Big Exhibit
Oregon Agricultural College, CorvaTlis.
Nov. 6. "Portland will see a ' 100 per
cent larger exhibit of boys' and girls'
club exhibits at the facific International
Livestock exposition than last year,'
COXDTO TO BIO SHOW
Aberdeen. Wash., Nov. 5. -A large
delegation of Grays Harbor livestock
men and farmers will attend the Pacific
International Livestock show at Port
land November t. The list so far In
cludes Wlllard Taylor of Wlshkah val
ley; J. H. Taylor, Wjwoochee valley ;
w. H. Franca and Harry Wilson, Mon
tesano; James Carstairs of the hatch
ery, and James Clancy and Harry
VISITORS
TO THE' PACIFIC INTERNATIONAL
LIVESTOCK EXPOSITION
Make
the
Your
Headquarters
RITZ HOTEL
Morrison and West -Park Sts.
Near all Theaters, and Stockyard Cars
Depot and Morrison Cars pass the door
This ia a home-like Hotel Families of farmers, livestockmen and poultry
. men will feel at home atThe Rita. First class, but reasonable rates.
FRANK A. CLARK, Prop., formerly of the Clyde Hotel
PACIFIC INTERNATIONAL
HEREFORD SALE
Friday, November 11 1 P. M.
Containing consignments of bulls and females from the leading herds in
the Northwest, including DON FAIRFAX, the Grand Champion bull, at
the 1921 Western Royal.
There never was a better time tj start breeding HEREFORDS
R. P. BANKS. SALES MANAGER, BOX 85 PORTLAND, OREGON
AUCTIONEER. COL. A. W. THOMPSON. YORK. NEB.
PIONEER BANK of the
STOCKYARDS DISTRICT
We invite stockmen and visitors
to make our bank their , headquar
ters during the Pacific International
Livestock Exposition.
Huiimmuiiniiuimnmmnmimmiiiiminmminmimuimmiimiimiiinmii
Take Advantage of Your Opportunity! I
While you are here for the
Livestock Show, do your Christmas
shopping;. , ,
We Invite you to look over tha
. largest stock of Watches and Wrist TV
Watches in Portland and at prices fcr
. Diamonds by the hundreds to
choose from and Silver . in pro
fusion. .... .
This b also a road tJaM to have
. year eyes looked ever. .- ...
WE WILL AFFKECIATK
torn call ;.
v v Y
h . J
STAPLES The Jeweler-Optician 1
S 26S MORRISON ST.. Bat-at Tkird a4 Faarffc, PortUas. Ofs.
An Invitation
to viaitors to
The Pacific International
Livestock Exposition
Be sure to visit the home of
Premium Hams
Premium Bacoii
Silver Leaf Brand PureLard
.
Visitors received
9:30 to 11 and 1 to 3 daily.
SWIFT & COMPANY
North Portland, Oregon
other cent arm. ,
scnowweiier of Elms.
mnmmiimimimmiiminiiiuiiiuiinmuiuim
i-