12
THE OREGON SUNDAY JOURNAL, PORTLAND, SUNDAY MORNING, JUNE 28, 1821.
OREGON REQUESTS
I. C. C JO ENFORCE
ITS RATE DECISION
Urges Commissioners to Issue a
Mandtaory Order in Important
. Columbia River Basin Case.
Washington. June 25. (WASH
INGTON BUREAU OF THE JOUR
NAL.) Request for' a mandatory
"order to enforce the commission's
ruling and end obstruction by Puget
Sound 'interests in the Columbia
basin rate case hs been received at
the interstate commerce commission
office from Oregon and the commis
sion is expected to consider the
question next week.
In recent cases wherein state com
missions have attempted to set up dif
ferent rates from those prescribed by
national authority, or to thwart its au
thority, the state commissions have been
overruled one after another, and the fact
that the commission's decision in this
. case has not yet taken the form of a
mandatory order is considered among
rate men as a 'technicality with which
the commission is likely to have little
patience. -
The commission frequently follows the
procedure pursued in the Columbia rate
case, assuming that Its conclusions will I '
be carried into effect in good faith by '
t he defeated party, the reason, it is un-I 1
derstood, being that the commission is Ip?
enabled to make a saving in checking j .
and administration expense because fol-
lowing the course taken in this case. . jr :
"By what is termed a Shreveport' f
order the commission can make its deci- j i .
mo. effective and the fact that it has;:
this ower has nearly if not always been U;:
sufficient to restrain cantankerous litl- . ;
pants from adopting mere dilatory tac-'-:
tics. ;fes
ACTION BI WASHINGTON IN
RATE CASE IS PUZZLING
Whil the absence of a mandatory
order from the interstate commerce com
mission is not alleced as a paiiha of in.
dependent action by the Washington de-
iiurtment 01 public works, local rate ex-
jerts are at a loss to understand how
the latter could . otherwise have found
vwarrant'for its extraordinary proct-dure.
Sheer effrontery is, however, suggested
as an impelling element.
The Washington department of pub
lic works, which is also the Washing
ton public service commission, was fni
lntervenor in the Columbia basin tase
a pleader on the side of Seattle anu
against both Vancouver and Eastern
Washington.
It Joined with Puget Sound in seek
ing a rehearing of the decision which
ordered a 10. pr cent preferential in
favor of Portland. Vancouver ' and the
cone south of Snake river. . Incident to
the petition for rehearing, the Washing- j
. iou puuiiu Bcrvice commission uesired
to sit witn tne interstate commerce
commission in reviewing the issue i
which it had previously appeared as
special pleader.
The extraordinary feature of the pres
ent situation is the fact that the Wash
ington body which recognized and was a
.suppliant before the authority of the
interstate commerc e commission, and
which went through the entire contest,
'now arrogates an authority superior to
that of the federal commission, and, in
ordering a suspension of the intrastate
rates .involved in the Columbia basin
decision, avers that it has not yet had
sufficient time to pass upon their reason
ableness. Jt is believed that the mandatory order
asked will promptly "put the Washing
ton commission in its place," or that if
the Washington department continues
truculent, the railroads will know whom
they must obey, the Columbia basin de
cision will be made fully effective and
the ' recalcitrant Washmg-toniana be
forced to go to court, where preceding
decisions afford them no hope of success.
.- , . ,, , , . .. .
College Men Give
$1105 Toward Fund
For Y. M, C, A. Work
Seabeck, Wash., June 25. A total of
$1105 was subscribed by college men at
tending the Y. M. C. A. conference here
for the support of the field budget of the
V. College men from 18 educational
institutions of Oregon, Washington and
Idaho, numbering more than 140, are
winding up a 10 days' vacation confer
ence at camp on Hood canal, a branch
of Puget Sound.
Lyle Bartholomew of Salem, president
of the University of Oregon student
body, was electett president of the stu
dent government conference held at the
. same time. Forrest Foster, student
president of Reed college, is secretary.
Glenhaven School
Teachers Guests
Of Fifty Parents
Teachers of the Glenhaven school
were guests of the parents or pupils at
a dinner . spread the day before the
fechool closed for the summer vacation.
Wore than SO parents were in attend-J
nmA (feferv. tnlb. J 1 . 1 1
uuvib latRO v!7lo IliauB vy Li 1C
teachers to which the parents responded,
'in the afternoon pupils of the school
gave a program. Afterwards the Paf-ent-Teacher
association of the district
elected officers for the ensuing year.
A feature of the day's program was
' an exhibit placed by pupils in the sew
ing class : of the school. It attracted
much aUention from visitors.
Service
Men
- We h to installed a department
tit will riTe jroa 11 the infor
mation relative to the obtaining
"of the $3000 under tha ataU
boaua bill. , f
Write op Phone to Us Today.
ELWOOD WILES & SON, INC.
-BUILDKRS OF HOMES",
SSJ Stark, at 4th Phone A. 524-5S
$25 a Day Off Until Sold
1118 Chandler Toerlvg Car. Good
Tires. Good Finish Seat
' Covers.
Regular price $!
ow dowa to.. tS
COYET JIOTOU CAB COMPACT
COLUMBIA RVER WATER GRADE NOW AN ESTABLISHED FACTOR IN RATE STRUCTURE
MJr2gZe,P-''-:
r?-
- -
.J00d
j 1 I : j , I ' . 6REUT NORTHERN RAILWAY u I
" J i
; . L0 CHICAGO. MIIWAUKEE &. $T PAUL RY.
? Jjfc ? 1 N0RTHFRN PACIFIC RY.
; : " . SPOKANE, f ORTLAND & SEATTLE ; RY , ,; ' r "Sy
.coo I I ! : ; - j - - I I
OREGON -WASHINGTON RAILROAO & NAVIGATION JCO.-
g ... 1 ' - . . I -
Jw ;' - " " t wmmmm - , 2 -a.
w. . W IJ 200 : 250. '300 ISO 400
Above Scenes along the Columbia and in the Inland Krnpire shdwlns a rail and water terminal at an up-
river point; a general view in Umatilla- county and a glimpse of highway, railroad and river at Utehell
Point tunnel, on the Columbia river highway. Center Portland's municipal terminal No. 4 and publicly
owned bulk grain elevator; an Inland Empire wheat ranch. Below- Profile map showing grades on
leading railroads from tho interior to Northwest ports. The three top grades are on roads crossing the
Cascades to Puget Sound ports; the two lower t grades are on routes traverse the Columbia.
Portlands Advantage in New Columbia Basin Rates
From
Walla. Walla
TVaitsburg
Pendleton . .
Dayton . . . .
Fomeroy
Mileage.
294.9
315.1
. 319.1
349.3
2S5.7
305.9
828.7
348.9
312.3
To
Portland. . . . .
Seattle
Portland. . . . .
Seattle ......
Portland . . . . .
Seattle ......
Portland. . . . .
Seattle
Portland
856.1
ClaneS 1-4 Teoresent 1cm than rarbuil
. .vvwwwij iHiucu u in commocuij raiea
Between
. Carlos f Commodity
Rate.
Pendleton
; and
Portland. Seattle.
Orain-and flour...... 20
22
25
Haj ........ . i. ... 23
Potatoes and onions... 21
Canned goods 66
Baes and baesSn . . . 56
iresh fruits 44
Packing house products 56
Structural Iron A steel 42'
Painte 56
. Paper ........ i .... 64
teed, poultry and stock 20
Sa.vh, doors and blinds. .42
Lumber ......... .8
. Sugar ......... ... 66
Syrup . j . . . . 66
23
62
62
49
2
.47 .
62
60
22
47
25
62
62
or snake river. The rates shown are in cents per hundred weight. The .difference of 2 cents a
40 cents a ton. a differential sufficient to control the shipment of the greater part if sot all
grain and its products produced in the 4200-4quare-mile snne. Ratee to Vancouver. W ash., are
the same as to Seattle. The mileage shown is that over the lines of the S. P. 8. railroad. -
llAJL?KrZVT ,-A J f .n,, B .. .-I j I Ui , Sill jsi
; : CLASS BATES" ' '
1 2 S 4 j B A B C D K
121 H 103 85 73 lft 61 49 86 H 31 24
134 115 94 91 67 67 64 41 ' 84 ' 26
130 111- 92 79 i 65 65 62 38 88 26
144 123 102 87 72 72 58 42 86 29
113 97 79. 68 56 .56 44 34 28 23
125! 107 87 75 62 62 49 38 81 25
133 114 94 80 67 67 53 40 34 26 4
147 126 104 88 74 74 59 44 . 38 . 29
149 3-27 105 89 "75 75 59 45 37 30
184 158 130 ,111 92 02 74 65 47 37
Tiinm.nf, r MHv.f;a
oeiow.
Between
. Between
Waitsburg -and
Walla Walla
and
Portland. Seattle.
PortUnd.
21
24 -21
65
69
44
69
44
69 -67
21 -44
23
65
65
20
22
23
21
61
56.
44
56
42
56
34
20
42
23
61
61
25
23
67
62
49
62
47
62
60
22
47 :
25
67
67
3
- .. ;
s w j'-
, , x " b : "
Claaa S and Classes A-E represent carload shipments of freicht
Between
Dayton
Between
Pomeroy
and
and
Seattle. : Portland. Seattle PortUnd. Seattle.
,23 21 23 25 28
27 . 24 27 . 28 81
23 21. 23 25 28
72 t 7 74 . ' 75 .. 92
65 69 65 59 65
49 i; 44 49 X. '44 49
65 69 65 59 65
49 44 49 44 49
65 ; ; 69 . 85 59 - 65
74 67 74 67 74
23 21 28 21 23
49 44 49 44 49
25 23 25 23 25
72 67 74 75 92
-72 67 " 74 75 92
and Seattle and several key shipping points in the zone south
hundred pounds in grain and flour would mean
of the 10.000.000 to 15.000,000 bushels of
the same as to Portland. Rates to Astoria are
- . -.
-
1 !v''''4iwW'i
RATE SCHEDULE
EFFECTIVE JULY 1
Down-Grade Haul Given RecogT
nition After Long Insistence;
Journal's Fight Ends in Victory
Continued Prom Page One)
private interests, the great river of the
West can also be made to serve the
public in irrigation, i in power develop
ment and in supplemental boat transpor
tation. The public rights In the Columbia must
never be lessened, abridged,, alienated
or lost.
With its manifold fcids to. reclamation,
electrification and transportation capi
talized underL public control exclusively
for public benefit, the development of the
Columbia basin, its cities, its farm lands,
its forests, its mines and its industries
can be made one of the world's wonders,
and its yield in human life, in manhood
and womanhood a challenge to - any
other spot cm the globe.
A SIGNIFICANT VICTORY, ;
The victory of the people' in the Co
lumbia basin rate issue has . back of it
a long story of far vision, devotion, sac
rifice and intense effort.
; The city of Pendleton is located in the
great interior grain belt of Oregon and
Washington. Years ago, when C S.
Jackson, now publisher of TheJournal,
was publishing the East Oregonian; at
Pendleton, he began to wonder why
the Columbia river did not exist in the
minds of railroad rate makers..
From Pendleton it was 218 miles to
Portland and 304 miles to Seattle. - A
car loaded at Pendleton and give(n a
slight push would roll by force of grav
ity down the Columbia. The same car
and nine others, if consigned to Seattle,
would ,call for the services of two
mighty , engines to lift them over the
mountains. - .-,. ''' '' '
There "wasn't any easy road to Puget
Sound. . If the car was sent by ? way of
the Northern Pacific it had to be lifted
2852 feet through the Stampede tunnel.
If by way of the SJreat Northern, the
peak of the lift was 3375 feet through
the Cascade tunnel. Then came the Chi
cago & Milwaukee line which has two
tunnels 2562 feet through the Snoqual
mie tunnel - and 2300 feet through, the
Boylston tunnel.
But Pendleton, 216 miles from Port
land by water grade, and 204 miles from
Seattle : over the) mountains, paid the
same rates ' to both places, i Walla
Walla, 241 miles from Portland and 312
miles from Seattle, paid the same rates
to both places. In fact, it -was, the rule
throughout the Inland Empire that
where distance and grade favored Port
land the rate would be the same as to
Portland. But where distance, not
grade, favored . Seattle, as at Yakima,
then the rate would be lees to- Seattle.
AN IDEA EXPANDED - .
Mr. Jackson became Imbued with the
idea . that : the . Columbia river ought to
I
ft
4. r? '
1 -wH
i: : x , : A-; :
be worth more to the people.' He had
some preliminary investigations : made
while he was in Pendleton. lie brought
the idea with -.him to Portland. He
found here a sympathetic friend and co
worker in the person of Joseph N. Teal.
As. the years went by the idea ex
panded. It became evident that the issue
would be resolved only by a trial of
strength. Some interstate rates were
involved, it -was not a question that
Could be settled by appeal to the pubLc
service commissions of Washington and
Oregon. It must be carried to the inter
state commerce commission at Washing
ton, D.-C. . ' -.
The Inland Empire Shippers' league
was organized. With The Journal back
of it. the league directed the attention
of the commerce commission to the fact
that the Northwest rate structure was
based upon the longest mountain haul,
that of the Northern Pacific, and had
been since 1887. The mountain haul with
its hazards, delays and costs had, for
a - third of a century, taken toll from
every bushel of wheat, every ton of
agricultural production and every pound
of merchandise moved to or from the
Inland KmDire bv rail. Th -wnnnVrful
J water grade cut by the Columbia directly
across and through the Cascade range
was absolutely ignored as a factor in
rate making. .
The appeal of the shippers' league was
n general terms, for lower rates. When
Portland and Vancouver came into the
fight they asked specifically for lower
rates between the Inland Empire and the
er ports of the Columbia. The dock
and port commissions, the Portland
Traffic St Transportation association and
the Chamber of Commerce were Port
land's spokesmen. The city of Vancou
ver, its port commission and the Cham
ber of Commerce and Clark county
Joined with Portland in the formal, ap
peal for justice.
STATE COMMISSION JOINS
The Oregon public service commission
supported the demand for a lower rate to
Hortland on the basis of a notable study
into transportation costs as affected by
distances, grades and curvature. This
study showed startlkigly the economy of
the -water grade. For instance, in resist
ance mileage' Pendleton was found to be
215 miles nearer Portland than Seattle,
and, in equated mileage, 348 miles nearer
Portland than Seattle. Resistance and
equated mileage, of course, translate
grades and curves into the terms of level
track. It takes the same energy to lift
a carload of wheat one foot vertically as
to move It 344 feet on a straight, level
track.
Pendleton and Kennewick joined In the
iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiinir
Sacrificing
Three If loors
Packed With
Standard
, and Up-to-Date
Footwear, Made
Especially for Us
Back to
Normal
Prices
- When a few weeks ago we
announced a general reduction
on our prices we had no idea
what effect on the purchasing
public this would have. Our
stock has been melting away
like snow in -summer, and we
have kept the wires hot for up-to-date
Oxfords and Strap, Pumps
and they ate arriving every day.
We do all, we can to supply you
with the latest in good footwear
at normal ptites.
Goodyear Shoe Co.
BRUCK & STONE, PROPS.
NEW PRICES ON REPAIRING
MEN'S
Best Oak tanned leather Halt
Moles . 1 s5
tO-Day guaranteed raato
Half Sole 91. 25
All Rabber Heels.. ......15?
Leather Heels ........450
Leather Bottoms with Heels
for .....92.50
149-151 Fourth St.
Fiiimiiumiiiimiiuiiiiijiiiuiiimimii.u
appeal ; for recognition ... of the water
grade. Spokane asked that any recogni
tion of the water grade should apply to
that city as well as to the porta of the
Columbia. f . j
With the energy of desperation,- Seat
tle, Tacoma and Everett, aided by the
Washington public : service commission,
opposed' any modification of the artificial
rate structure. .
Astoria successfully concluded in 1915
long, tedious contest. In which it had
the cordial support of this newspaper,
for rates on a parity with Puget sound.
In the 1919'contest Astoria Joined with
Puget sound in resisting and lowering of
rates to Portland. Its fear .was that a
I .-eduction won by Portland would be met
;"y Seattle and Astoria again would be
ift "hanging on the long end of the
Tole." It Is apparent now, however, that
inch a contingency is unlikely, if notim
lossible. Astoria with its proximity to
he ocean and Portland-Vancouver at
he head of deep sea navigation have an
importunity that doubtless will be utll
zed to Join in gaining the: very large
rade which should be theirs -by reason
f geographic location -and natural acj-
i vantages. , . t :
On July 21, 1419, Interstate Commerce
Commissioners Eastman, Daniels and
Hall, attended by Henry Thurtell. then
2hief examiner of the 'commission, opened
.'n Portland the hearing of the Columbia
Basin rate case. The United -States rail
toad administration, then In control of
the railroads, and the carriers Northern
pacific. Great Northern. C. M. &' St. P.,
S. P.& S.. and O-W. R. & N. appeared
s defendants, with the Puget sound
ports and Astoria as hostile interveners.
After a week of evidence-taking in
Portland, the hearing was transferred to
Seattle where another week Vas con
sumed in the same way. The filing of
formal briefs followed. .
On January 8, 1920. Chief Examiner
Thurtell, filed a tentative decision, rec
ommending that the rates'betwecn Portland-Vancouver
and the zone south of
Snake river should not exceed 90 per
cent of the rates to Puget sound or
Astoria.
All Involved in the case, plaintiffs, de
fendants and Interveners, took exception
to the recommendation. - The plaintiffs
thought he order should apply to all
that part of the Inland Empire in which
it had been shown that operating costs
were less to. Portland than to Seattle.
The defendants, especially the northern
lines, trembjed at the thought Tof a break
in "sacred rate structure.", The Puget
sound lntervenor were aghast at the
thought of what might happen to them
if their artificial advantage should be
removed, even in limited degree.
The decision of the interstate com
merce commission was announced De
cember 2, 1920. It came as a wonderful
Christmas present to Portland, Vancou
ver and the interior. It confirmed the
examiner's recommendation. It in
structed the railroads to file amended"
rates granting Portland and Vancouver
a 10 per cent preferential to and from
the interior zone. It suggested that the
new rate be obtained by: raising the
Puget sound tariff 5 per cent and lower
ing the Portland-Vancouver rate by an
equal amount. 1 ,
The railroads had by that time been
returned to private operation. They ac
cepted the order of the commission with
out protest.. It is evident that the O-W
R. & N. and S. P. & S. were given an
advantage in what bad been highly com
petitive territory. ' j
DECISION Vi rKOTESTtD .
But Seattle, .Tacoma and Everett
kicked high over the traces. The Wash
ington Public Service commission, which
had disregarded the claims of Vancouver
and Interior Washington in order to sup
port, the Puget sound contention, main
tained its partiality to the political cen
ter of Oregon's daughter state. . Astoria,
with lesfe fear of ill than In the begin
ning, joined, however, with Puget sound
in petition for a rehearing of the case.
The Issue had been so thoroughly, so
exhaustively reviewed by the commission,
its report had been so unanimously given
and its order so emphatically entered,
that it "was difficult to see upon what
basis a rehearing could be asked. In
point of fact, Seattle was merely striving
to escape Judgment by prolonging delay.
Had it not been for the petitions for
rehearing, the new rates would have be
come effective in April.
The commission announced on April
23, last, its formal unwillingness to re
hear the case. It gave no long state
ment. It .made) do apology. It stated
simply: .i
"Upon further consideration of the
records in the above entitled proceedings
and of petitions for rehearing, filed on
behalf of the public service commission,
state of Washington, on behalf of the
I 1
BACK 110 '-NORMAL I
' IW ONE JUMP! I
ARRIVING DAILY BY EXPRESS
Oxfords and Strap Pumps for Women and
Growing Girls -
On Sale Now $4.95 and $7.45
brown and black kid pumps,
one and two straps, french
and baby french leather heels,
aul Sizes and widths, back to
normal price - 7
$745
SAME. STYLES IN GREY SUEDE
LADIES' i
Bottom with ! Faneo
Entire Faneo Bottom with ! Faneo Heel
for I 92.SO
Best Oak Tanned Leather Half Sole 81. lO
9-Hay Guaranteed Faneo Half bole 91. OO
Alt kind Rabber Heel,....... , ...,tOO
Fixing Leather Heels. .................. .aO?'
New Cnban or Military Heel..... ..Kl.OO
Sew In place of wooden heels.. ..... 91.50
isaiB..as.s..BMsBsssis.saBi.M...B
Port of Astoria and on behalf of certain
Seattle, Tacoma and Everett. Wash., in-,
tervenors, it Is ordered that the said pe- I
-tltiotis be and they are hereby denied by
the commission." . '
The preparation of the tariffs modified
to accord with the Interstate Commerce
commission's order was turned over by.,
the railroads to the North Pacific freight
-bureau with headquarters at Seattle. It
was first announced that the new rates
would be published effective June 20.
Mechanical and clerical reasons were
offered as a reason for extension of the
time to July 1.
VICTORY ESTABLISHED
The Columbia basin cas waa1closed and -won
with the denial of the petitions for
rehearing. The- fuming forces of oppo
sition are' beaten.. Portland, Vancouver
and the Interior zone have come- into
their oun. They have won what should
have been enjoyed as a matter of rfght
many years ao. The principle wltjch
stands today is worded thus by the in
terstate Commerce, commission in 41s
order :
e e tne rates for interstate ap
plication on classes and commodities be
tween points in said Columbia river
basin south of the Snake" river on the
one hand and Portland and Vancouver
on the other are unduly prejudicial to
Portland and Vancouver insofur as they
poraneously upplied on like traffic be-.'
tween the Columbia river basin points
on the one hand and Astoria, Seattle
or Tacoma or points -on Grays Harbor
and Wlllapa Bay on the other."
The decision applies to gruin rates, and
the first evidence of its value to Port
land and Vancouver is the strengthened
establishment of grain handling and
milling Interests in this district. It ap
plies to livestock, lumber, canned goods.
musical instruments, groceries on all
classes and .commodities. There are no
exceptions. . 1
1 ne zone kouiii ui oiiitne river nea in
the Washington countios of Asotin, Gar
field. Columbia and 'alla Walla and
the Oregon county of Umatilla. Tha new
rates apply to such important shipping
points and - communities as. Pendleton,
Walla Walla. Wallula, Milton, Athena,'
Freewater, Pomeroy, Dayton and Turner.
The effect of the order will doubtless be
felt in the rate arrangement and the
competitive opportunity Immediately
north of the Snake river, including Ken
newick and Pasco.
The interstate commerce commission
obeyed the immutable law of economy.
The mountain haul can never be nego
tiated as cheaply as the water grade.
Anything contrary to this law cannot
be permanent.- Puget sound cities un
dertook to build their greatness in part
,on the oasis or arunciai ovampt.
They have lost. Portland and van-
couver and the interior have won. These
cities, ranches and towns have been pre
sented with -great opportunity. It is
theirs to use. It gives enhanced value
to every farm, every shipping station,
every railroad, every grain elevatorand
every port facility. It gives industry
and business a chance, to turn the new
3 . ,A Jnll.ra n nA SAntl urffUlFlt
Huvaiiisc i. v vj " ...... . . . -
The Journal rejoices in this Buccesswon
for the people which will mean so much
to the progress and prosperity of the
future.
e
States Suicide Wave
Is Hitting California
Sacramento, Cal.. June 23. (I. N. S.)
That a "sulciae wave - is Bwerpms uci
California as a result of business de
pression and economic disturbances com
mon to after the war periods, was the
statement of L. VI Itoss, head of tha
state bureau of vital statistics. In com
menting on his official report on suicides,
made public today, which states that 314
Callfornians took their own lives during
k- tira four months of this yeax. Of
this number only 78 were women.
Six tli Man Is Convicted .
Pasco, Wash.. June 25. George Ralney
was convicted on a charge of criminal
syndicalism Thursday and sentenced to
the penitentiary for from six months to
five years. Ralney Is he sixth man
sent to the spenltentiary or; iuj reimm
atory from this county for criminal
syndicalism.
$100,000 lieft Colorado College
Denver Colo., June 25. ftT. P.) Colo
rado college receives. 1100.000 by he
terms of the will of the late Henry It.
Wolcott, wealthy Colorado pioneer, it
was learned today. A bequest of $25,000
was left to Yale university.
immiiiiimmiiiimmiiiimiiimiiiini:
GREY SUEDE BLACK AND BROWN
KID AND CALF OXFORDS, GOOD
YEAR WELTED SOLES. LOW AND
MILITARY HEELS, ALL WIDTHS AND
SIZES. BACK TO NORMAL PRICE-
CHILDREN'S
Best Leather Half Sole 81. l6
Fanro Half Sole ...:..$1.()0
Fixing- Heels ......40C
Children's up to size 11 Kest
Leather Soles 85
Flxlnt; Heels 3U?
gruffer Bottoms p to size 11
at 91.25
Next to Honcyman Hdw. :i
iiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiin::!'