4
THE OREGON SUNDAY JOURNAL, PORTLAND, SUNDAY MORNING, MAY- 15, 1921.
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A TEACHER AND HIS TRIUMPH
FOR "The Man With the Hoe." the
poem that at one stroke trans
lated Edwin Markham from country
school teacher into a national celeb
"Tity.ln the literary world, the author
Frecefved $25. '
. Its publication ; in the Sah Fran
cisco Examiner in January, 1899,
-created a country-wide Sensation.
The word: Vlcture of a farmer lean-
rixig- on his hoe in reverie and with
.'a, -blank expression on his face, sum
ming up the lot to which 'thousands
of years of toll had brought him,
. came as a new and painful thought
to millions. It was the power of the
picture that threw the gates ajar for
i Markham s entrance into a literary
career that has placed him in the
"deanship of American poets and that
now gives him rank among the great
- literary men of all time.
-Markham was 47 years old when
the 'poera appeared. For 25 years
he had been a teacher in the public
schools of California, with the ex-
i ception of a short time spent as the
editor of a newspaper at SanIose.
His life had peculiarly fitted him
for propounding, the philosophy re
vealed in "The Man With the Hoe.
" Bornj In" 1852 in a small onestbry j
house on what Is now the main
street at Oregon City, his whole ca
reer up to the time of writing the
poem had ; been one of close touch
with those who toil and spin. One
-of his earliest recollections is that
ie was lifted up by his mother to
look on the dead face of John Mc
. jLoughlin, already coffined for its
f !grave that was about to; receive his
-mortal remains. V . '
5 The family reached Oregon with
.the immigration of 1847 and settled
'.at Oregon City. The mother was of
; ;literary-turn, ind the files of the
"Oregon Spectator in the museum of
the Oregon Historical society, carry
numerous poems written by the
mother and printed in the paper
over the initi-als "E. M." Elizabeth
Markham. J. D. L,ee of Portland
came in the " same train with the
Markhams to Oregon, and Mrs. D.
P. Thompson of Portland was a
friend of the . mother.
- When Edwin was 5 yeans bid he
. went with his mother to Northern
California, and in the then sparsely
settled districts of Mendocino county
- the boy" grew to manhood.
The literary ' taste inherited from
his mother ealy began to show
Itself. He had a passion for books,
and in 'his quest for self -education
he carried in his pocket a copy of
Bullion's grammar as-- he herded
cattle but on the ranges. Twenty
dollars that he earned with the fam
lly jeam for ploughing 20 acres of
ground for a neighbor was hus
banded, and spent in the purchase
of books by t,he old masters of liter
mature. -. . . '. . '
At the dinner in his honor in Port-
: land Mr., Markham touched lightly
r on ' the story of his contact with
Black Bart, the lone highwayman
who for many years held up stages
and 'made traveling uncomfortable
and precarious for, passengers in the
Northern Calif ornia mountains. Mark
ham was In his teens when. he joined
..-'fk, harvesting crew In c. district remote
from his home. . "A tall,' broad-shoul
. dered and .athletic man. addressed
him one day with proposals for an
easier way of making money than at
hard toil with, meagre compensation
on the farm. By easy stages a com
radeship -grew up between them, and
at length the ? tall I stranger made
known his plans, saying that it waa
cumbersome for htm to hold the pas
sengers and stage -driver at bay while
he relieved them of their -valuables.
""Tou are quick and alert,; he said
to young Markham,' 'and you have
a steady nerve; you could bold the
gun on them while I gather up the
money and Jewelry. T The plan had
no appeal to the youngster and the
pair soon parted company. K : .;''
In the primitive life of the then
Mendocino county, the observing
mind of the boy contemplated the
privations, the Incessant toil and the
small rewards of the people. Through
bis reading he was : in close touch
with the philosophy of life as dis
cussed by the ancient masters. His
fertile brain matched the possibili
ties of haman existence with the
actualities of it In ( the scenes of
struggle and privation around him,
and then and there were ; given ; to
him the impressions that later sent
out to the world the message of "The
Man With the' Hoe", on wings of fire.
At 22 he became a- rural school
teacher,; and his first school was
kept under a spreading live oak tree
with improvised seats ; and tables
made by the teacher's own hand, all
surrounded with a pole fence simi
larly constructed, and with nine pu
pils in attendance. ! For a quarter of
a century teaching was his unambi
tious role, and until at 47 he pro
duced something that the world was
waiting for there was every prospect
that the school room with its buzz
and its dull routine was to be his
life work. . ! ;
Jt was in January, 1899, in a
chalet in the suburbs of San Fran
cisco that Markham read to the edi
tor of the Examiner the manuscript
of "The Man With the Hoe." With
in a few days the poem appeared in
the paper and the editor placed a
credit of $50 to the account of Mark
ham. But the amount seemed over
large to the auditor down in the
business office, and it was cut to $25
by that unliterary individual, and
$25 was all that Markham received.
It is the Irony of fate that another
author received -$750 froiri a New
Tork newspaper for the, so-called
"reply," which, so far as the general
public was concerned, fell flat and
quickly passed out of public notice
if not out of public recollection."
The publication of "The Man With
the Hoe" was followed by storms of
criticism on the one hand and a tidal
wave of approval on the other. News
paper clippings taking the one view
or the other began to 'pour in upon
the author. Telegrams and letters
flooded his"-simple home with re
quests and offers for future produc
tions. Some of the publishers pro
posed a royalty of 20 per cent for
books of his poems. -Almost - over
night, the teacher leaped into a na
tional prominence .that in his quiet
modesty and in; his inadequate esti
mate of his own talents, he could not
understand. Out of all came a grati
fication, in which, he" is said to have
found as much enjoyment in the ad
verse criticisms as in the commenda
tions. He found immense amuse
ment in the attack of a professor of
English in one of the great universi
ties,, who declared that he found in
the poem a "veiled though vicious
attack upon the farmers of the
country." f j
The insistent demands of Eastern
publishers for further contributions
from his "pen quickly convinced
Markham that he must get nearer
the center of things in order to canl-
rtalize his new found fame. In a
commodious and f comfortable home
on Staten Island,; 22 years later, he
is, at 69 years young, the president
of the Society of American Poets, by
general, consent the poet laureate1 of
America, and the author of some of
the most majestic poems in the
language. He is almost as popular
in the lecture field as in poetry,
partly because of the rich vein of
humor that often runs through his
platform work.; His poem on Lincoln
is accounted by j critics as perhaps
the most majestic and nowArfni
characterization ever Written of the
martyred president and, along with
his- "Gates of Paradise," is classi
fied as a creation upon which his
surest fame will rest ;
Nobody can -measure the power
that a great poem exerts upon the
thought of mankind. Its influence
is not transitory,1 but, because of Its
sublime sentences, goes on forever.
It is read here and read there, today,
tomorrow and on down through- the
generations, and its philosophy and
its conceptions go into the perma
nent convictions of mankind, fast
ening a leavening - and - uplifting
thought upon the ages, j
THE CHILDREN'S CONGRESS
WITHOUT food there could be no
, life. Without the soil the
world would starve. Without human
force, food would remain in the
earth.V -:: : i , ; . ;..
It Is taken from the soil today by
tne men of this generation. It will
be taken from the soil tomorrow by
the men of the next generation or the
cnnaren or this generation. And
the food must come.
.. With the view of stressing the tre
mendous importance of food nroduc
tlon. of improving methods for pro
duction, of encouraging production
and of bringing" the productive force
of the next ; generation to Oregon,
tne uregon Farmer has proposed
tnat a Boys' and Girls' International
Congress be made a part "of the At
lantic-Pacific Highways and Elec
trlcal Exposition to be held in Port
land In 1925. It is proposed that
other states and even foreign coun
tries be urged to send representatives
to the congress, representatives .who
excelled In producing foods of qual
ity and quantity; and that other or
ganizations such as the Boy Scouts
and girls' organizations, also be in
vited to send representatives to the
international congress. 5 -l ? ; ;
v Summing : Up ; the activities 4hat
might be 'made a part of the con
gress, O. M. Plummer, a strong sup
porter of the congress, says:
Teere is almost no end to the various
ph (f en of farm life which might be
brought out by such a-congress. Very
likely a modern country school could be
carried on by men and women who had
proved most successful along these lines,
the pupils to be actual farm boys and
girls who would be in attendance during
the entire six months, really doing post
graduate work. Perhaps, also, a modern
rural school from the beginning age up
showing to what extent rural education
might be carried. Maybe a modern rural
home of, say, 40 acres or more located at
the exposition grounds fully equipped
with all the labor-saving devices for the
home, as well as with the usual modern
machinery and equipments for the farm.
This modern farm should also show the
best breeds of livestock and exhibit the
value of rotation of crops and . other
features of better farming. Another ex
hibit could be a farm family living in
t,his home in a modern, natural American
way so that other farm boys and girls,
as well as grown ups, may see the pos
sibilities of such a home.
The plan contemplates display of
the possibilities of the soil, instruc
tion, encouragement and assistance
to those who will .be called upon to
work It, and a foundation for i the
food structure of the world of to
morrow. It is a purpose well worth
while.
YOUNG MEN AND THE MINISTRY
THE board of Methodist bishops
sitting in Portland merely gives
an old question new force by .asking
why more :young men do not enter
the ministry. ; !';;
; The pulpits of the country have
been seriously short of men for a
quarter of a century. Men of very
ordinary talents have risen high in
ecclesiastical affairs ; because they
had so little, competition. Scarcely
a denominational gathering has been
held without prayers and; pleas for
more young men and more - able
young men to dedicate their lives to
the ministry. ; .; "-;:"; j
, Ministers have had it impressed
upon them that a vital part of their
duty was , to go and find men, as
Paul did Timothy, that they might
become spiritual leaders of the peo
ple., Theological seminaries have
had a student enrollment problem
which would have been more serious
had it not been for the other equally
difficult problem ,of . securing ade
quate facilities for the training of
the few. V'' . .
There are very substantial reasons
why more young men do not enter
the ministry. -. Here . are three of
them: . . t
- First, save in . exceptional - cases.
there is absolutely no incentive for
the sons of ministers to follow in
their fathers' footsteps. '
Second, though it harmonizes
poorly with high ideals of devoted
sacrifice, the pay is too small and too
uncertain. ;
Third, there is so much frivolous-
n ess In the life of this commercial
generation, so inaccurate a. measure
of real values, and so little spiritual
Inspiration among the masses most
of the people are not going to church
-that the call to preach is not heard
by young men whose ears are filled
with vain noises. , .1
In certain craftsmen's families son
follows father from generation to
generation. There comes to be a
pride of skill, of training and of ac
complishment which la deep-rooted,
almost, as life itself. 'But the
preacher's son gets largely an im
pression of the crass, the unwelcome
and the near-sordid phases of min
isterial life Hesees his father pre
occupied I with the problems, not al
ways spiritual,, of his congregation
and of his own tenancy. He sees his
mother wear dowdy clothes with the
shamed feeling that women of her
husband's congregation are looking
superciliously down upon her with
out a thought of their own responsi
bility. He feels the pinch of poverty
an4 privation, painfully concealed, in
hisi own home. H
witk the grudging contributions and
attendant czarlsm of members who
themselves enjoy the greatest luxury-
His disgust for the petty poll
tics of internal church administra
tion grows. Sooner or later he be
gins to feel that the average congre
gation holds the worker unworthy
of his hire, however poor the pit
tance. Everything that is red
blooded In him resents the dull pau
perizing process and calls out for in
dependence which ; he seeks where
talent and hard work are appreci
ate. ', ;, y.-- ; f ; t .vs-; :j
'.This may seem extreme, but not
to those who have been members of
thej majority of ministers families.
UPLAND LORE
TWO pairs of heavy blankets and
one pillow case. A bath towel,
fishing ! tackle ; and a tooth brush.
Stamps; and stockings' and a bathing
SUlt ; ; J .. :. :; s :
Youths In Oakland, ' CaL, may be
seen checking the various f articles
over and over on their fingers. On
the middle fork of. the Tuolumne
river in the Stanislaus National f or
est is the place 'where such articles
become essential as part of an
amateur outdoorsman's equipment
What .. makes ; it different : from
other mountain resorts is that it is
Oakland's municipal camp, and in
struction in the enjoyment of the
outdoors has become a part of the
education of the Oakland girl and
boy. - j ,
- And It appears, as a natural se
quence that when the young folks
get up above the bay j and other
routine things they have' a perfectly
ripping time. Nature, they find, has
spread entertainment - of so many
forms and kinds that if Judge Ross
man were in Oakland he would not
find the pool halls able to compete
for a minute with the superior . at
tractions of the mountains. ; ,
In a good many ways, j Portland is
like other cities. It has houses and
churches and streets and motion
picture shows. But.lt has, far and
beyond what ordinary cities have, a
great, encircling, attractive out of
doors. . , s
- j If the Portland park bureau were
to accept the Implied suggestion of
Oakland's mountain camp, facilities
would be found already provided
Along the Columbia River highway
la a 14,000-acre fairyland of valleys
and summits and lakes and streams
permanently set aside by the forest
service for the enjoyment ot Port
land people. A portion of it has
already been discovered to their in
tense delight by the Boy Scouts. The
rest of it is many times worth ex
ploring by the youth of the city as
a whole; .; .
- One hundred men and women
were found delving into garbage bar
rels along the river, in Wilmington,
Delaware. They said- they were out
of work, hungry and had to eat gar
bage or starve to death. Tales like
this from China are not astonish
ing, but from free, rch America
they are staggering. . Now that the
saloons are gone, to what are we to
attribute this terrible condition?
LA FOLLETTE AND EUROPE
SENATOR LA FOLLETTE'S de
scription of American Ideals as
expressed in his resolution denounc
ing the administration j for permit
ting envoys of this .nation to sit In
the allied councils are Senator La
Follette's ideals, not the ideals of .the
country. " .
His resolution says that "it is con
trary to American ideals and tradi
tions for the government of the
United States to participate in any
manner" in the allied councils.
American aspirations do not con
template a stagnated United States.
American thought does . not picture
a crippled country. We do not as
pire to aK position wherein foreign
governments shall control the cable
bases of the Pacific to our exclusion.
We do not aspire to . a position
wherein foreign governments shall
parcel out the oil fields of the world
and close the door to the United
States. We do not favor a Europe
which is in continual turmoil over .
reparations, over disposition of lands.
over governments and I over various
other questions, to the immense com
mercial, industrial and financial deg
radation of this country." We do not
aspire to a position wherein there is
no protection whatever for American
interests and American rights in
other lands. ; T" " "
This nation is not isolated. We
were not isolated from the war. We
were forced into it because our af
fairs were so closely interwoven with
European affairs that we could not
protect . ourselves and remain aloof.
In peace our affairs are even more
closely allied with European affairs
and when we are directly Involved in
practically every political, economic
and social event in the old world it
would be folly to permit our Inter
ests and rights to be abandoned be
hind a false wall of thin air isola
tion. !;
One of the very great reasons for
the lull in business activity in this
country now is the unsettled condi
tion of Europe. Foreign nations,
unsettled, cannot buy from nor pay
us. Their markets are closed to us.
Our activity is thereby diminished
t . . -
and the nation suffers. .
There is one thing about Senator
La Foil ette h is cam paigh slogan is
his performance slogan. What he says
when he is seeking votes he says
after he has received the votes. ; But
his Interpretation of our ideals and
his views on foreign relations are
not so commendable as his political
honesty. r -
ON A SIDE STREET
... . ...
IV II OTHER dropped Sonny's hand
this morning where the safe
gravelly path of home loses itself
in the wide cement sidewalk where
on may be found such formidable
elements of the big world as over
alled worklngmen and shaggy-faced
dogs. ..,.:;;.....,:.-;:; . v.i; ;;;, J -
He already had a cluster of narcis
sus for teacher tight in his little fist
but Mother broke a spray from the
lilac bush which grows just Inside
the scroll-work picket fence.1; .
She added the purple to the white
flowers of the bouquet Then: "Run
along, sonny," she, admonished, "and
you be mother's good ; boy, today."
'When he stepped out by himself
he was seen to be only a tiny begin
ning of a man. - He hadn't even worn
the new off his first knee pants.
Mother stood looking after the boy
with that expression which gives to
the lips the smile but to the eyes
the deep solicitude of love.
" He had gone but a littlej way when
ne stopped, turnea. "iou never
kissed me good bye," he charged.1
"Oh, but I did, , sonny, when I
fixed your hair." i j
He trotted back and his memory
was refreshed.
On his second venture out on that
side street, which - was to him ' the
wide highway of the world's traffic
he got a little farther before he
turned. ' ' , ,
"My apple has a dirty place on It,"
he complained.
'"Come back and" mother will , fix
She did. ; And she also erased a
little - smudge on his nose, v She
patted down again the rebellious
part in his hair.
This time he didnt stop. But at
the ; corner he bravely waved the
hand that had the flowers in It : .
I "You be mother's good boy to-Jay,"
came softly floating to him again
from the figure standing by the lilac
bush. .'.. -. '. ' '
This was on a side street. In Port
land. But there are many who can
see back on tha side streets of life,
mother's form by the lilac bush of
memory, hear her - voice softly
calling, "You be mother's good boy
today." .
THE MAN WITH
THE HOE
By Edward Markham
Bowed by the weight of centuriea he leans
Upon his hoe and cazea on the f round, t
Tba emptiness of uea in his face
And on his back the burden of the world.
Who made him dead to rapture and despair.
A thing that grieves not and that never hopes.
Stolid and atnnned. a brother of the oil i
Who loosened and let down- his brutal jawr
Whose was tha band that alanted bauk thw brow?
Whose breath - blew out- tha light within tills
. . ,.j . brain T ;
Is thia tha Thins tha Lord 3od made and tare
To hare dominion over sea and land;
To trace tha stars and aeaxcu tha heaTena (or
- i Dower:
To feel tha passion of Eternity ? r
Ia this the .Dream Ha dreamed who shaped tha
suns
And pillared all the firmament with light T
Down all tha stretch of hell to its last gulf
There u no shaoo more terrible than this
Mora tongued with censure of the world's blind
More filled with sins and nortenta for the
More ; fraught with menace to tba uniTerae.
Wnat golfs between him' and the seraphim t
Blares of the wheel of labor, what to him
Are Plato and the swing of Pleiades'.
What the long reaches of the peaks of song, .
Tha rift of dawn, the reddening of the rose?
Through this dread shape tha suffering 'ages look;
rime a tragedy la in that arming, stoop ;
Through this dread shape humanity betrayed.
Plundered, profaned, and disinherited.
Cries proteRt to the Judges of the world, ,
A protest that ia alw prophecy. !
O masters, lords; and rulers in aH landsi
Is this the handiwork you give to God. 1
This monstrous thing distorted and soui-ouenched T
How will you ever straighten np thia ahape;
Touch it again with immortality:
Give back tha upward looking and tha light;
Rebuild in it the musio and the dream; i
Make right ! the immemorial infamies.
Perfidious wrongs, immedicable woesf
O masters, ' lords, and rulers in all lands.
How will the future reckon with this man?
How answered his brute question in that hoar
When whirlwinds of rebellion shake tha world?
How win it be with kingdoms and with kings.
With those who shaped him to the thing he is
When this dumb Terror shall reply to God,
After the aiienca of tha Centuries? i
Letters From tl?e People
Communications sent te Tha Journal for
publication in thia department should be written
on only one aide of the, paper; shouid not exceed
300 words in length, and mu&t be signed by the
writer, whose mail address in full must; accom
pany the contribution. )
IN REPLY TO MRS. HATS J
Recommending Certain Documents on
. Political Topics - for Perusal.
PorUand. May 13. To the Editor of
The Journal Please allow me space to
answer Mrs A. I Hays, whose letter
appeared in yesterday's Journal, j
First I want to say I am registered
a Democrat, but in fact I belong to no
party, creed or class, for I find right
and wrong in all. and must allow my
fellow man the Bame privilege. I would
ask Mrs. Hays why we have had so
many amendments to our constitution if
it: is so perfect? And are they not just
as much a part of the constitution as
the preamble? I advise her to read
Doctor Rosa's report on the national ex
penses, where he shows 93 cents of every
dollar collected by the United j States
government - goes for war. Then read
Senator Capper's address as to what will
be the effect on the white race if this
practice is kept up. Read Senator "La
Follette's statements on our railroads.
Read Representative Clyde H. Taven
ners talk on the Navy league: r Read
ex-Controller of Currency Williams' let
ters to the president of the steel corpora
tion in regard ,to the eight hour shift
instead of the 12 hour. He Bays records
show, this corporation could pay' double
the wages, have its legal dividends, and
still clear $100,000,000 a year. Read some
of our United States senate documents
say No., 259 where records show cor
porations' net profits reach In the hun
dred thousand per cent on capital stock,
or the recent number of the Congres
sional Record, page 50, and 11 pages
more, each containing a list of 170 names
of majors and captains and lieutenants
who have been appointed. Now read the
preamble. Then see if you can find
one word Debs, St John or Doctor Equi
really said that Is contrary to the prin
ciples set forth In the preamble. Or,
better yet go to hear them, then read
a report of the talk in our average daily
paper and see . how the people are
blinded by the spleen of the reporters
so they cannot see how far ahead all
the above named . people are ' in hu
manity's work. Mrs. Kate Bonham, .
A Welcome Home to Edwin
i - Markham ! .
By June MacMillan Ordway
A Fweet Toice called. "Ooma, come, my child;
The world would applaud and greet;-
The boy who dreamt through rms. lor g days
Among firs and cedars sweet"
This sweet voice said, "A pen I'll place
In your, youthful, trusting hsn.l.
Tbat you may aire the great, wide world
Great thoughts that ahall-bleat our land."
Then into untried paths you passed
'Mid the world's harsh ways, untold;
ton saw with wiser eyes the gin
God gare yon. to keep, to hold.
Tour pen has lightened tha gloom of years.
May It arer faithful be, - I . -
And cheer us by the wayside.
As we pass to eternity. .
To ns yon come , with world-wide fame;
'T our pride; though far you roam.
Friend of our friends of tha years long gone,
; Welcome back to your boyhood home!
Uncle Jeff Snow Says
"Science is a great thing. It dips Into
most everything from a prize- fight to
squlntin at the fixed stars. But when
it comes to listenin" to a scientific dip
talk In German about the universe bein'
round ' and ever'thtng on the outside
bein' unknown,. I don t b lieve I d care to
set around onless they had mighty com
fortable seats and no flies to bother
if a feller took a cat nap. It's like a ser
mon Elder Simpkins preached on the
forks of the Sandy in Texas 40 year ago
on wheae Cain got a wife. It was four
hours Hag and I lost track of it after
the second hour, 'cause the seat was
mighty comfortable, and I hain't never
ziggered out the problem sence. .
THE BLBSSINGS OF PROHIBITION
From tha Chxttian Science Monitor.
Right out of New York, where the ob
jections to prohibition have been so bit-
COMMENT AND
SMALL CHANGE
Fine day today if Udoesn't rain, j
4 Youngr men have learned that clothes
oon t nana tn man, out tney win tne
women every time. . . . -i
a ... ' :
The brilliant Me. Edison might be ''able
to tell ignorant and worried college men
what has become of Harry Thaw.
The world would have thoufrfat better
of Banker StUlman if he had -quit) his
divorce case before It was started,
a a .
Polish parliament overthrown. The
Paderewski music that soothed the sav
age breast has moved to other dimes.
.a a a
Artistic neurosis may be a very happy
ailment but it doesn't make two blades
of grass grow where only one has been.
Church cliques and un-Christlan
piques, poor pay and ceclain poverty do
not enthuse young men of today for the
ministry. j
a a a "
Bersdoll wanted to serve, no doubt
just as .his Teutonic mother confesses,
but he was too far from a German re
cruiting office. , . . j v
Waves of-crime prove it is high time
moral science were , taught children in
the public schools as well as arithmetic
and geography. r - - ,
a a a ; j
Senator Lodge celebrates his seventy
first birthday. Doubtless received con
prratulations from Bill Hohenzollern.
There ere two "patriots" who have; gone
to -seed and are dead at the top. ,
i ,;'
Tt mirfat Vie hll,r fnw th. .n.;
of wartime shirkers and those who have
forgotten their debt to our heroes if a
wa.r is never io una ior communicaung
With the BOUls Of men Who diftd under
arms.
MORE OR LESS PERSONAL
Random Observations About Town
Leon Cohen of Pendleton has been a i
Portland visitor. He is largely reapon- j
sible for the organization -of the Pendle
ton Commercial club, which has done so
much to put Pendleton on the map! On
February 9, 1893, a meeting was held in
the city council rooms at Pendleton.! pur
suant to a call issued by Jesse Failing
and Leon Cohen, to organize a board of
Trade and Chamber of Commerce, T.
F. Rourke was elected temporary chair
man and Mr. Cohen temporary secretary.
T. C Taylor, S.. P. Gould and Jesse Fail
ing were appointed a committee to form
a permanent organization. These Inter
ested met again February 16, adopted
the name "Pendleton Commercial asso
ciation,' and the following men became
charter members: Leon .Cohen, Jesse
Failing, Colonel EL D. Boyd, J. R. Dick
son, C. S. Jackson, T. F. Rourke. R.
Alexander, R. B. Beattie, Dr. K. WJ Vin
cent H. I Hexter. S. P. Gould, Frank
Frazler, Ed Ketsch, R G. Thompson,
George Ash, W. P. Lathrop, T. C. i Tay
lor. W. II. Carnine, J. H. Robblns, J. V,
Tallman, S. Rothchild. R T. Cox, C. H.
Carter, J. A. Howard, II. Shulthis, ;R P.
Foster. J. F. Johnson, Frank Wamsley,
J. A. 'Bcie, H. E. Bickers and Judge G.
A. Hartmanc
a e a '
John W. Cochran signed the book at
the Imperial Saturday. He reports hat
the office of secretary of state, in
which he is chief deputy, Is doing some
business. - j
C Cecil, who went to- what is now
Harney county .in 1878, Is preparing to
return to his ranch on Silver creek. '
W. Jj. Slater of La
Portland on business.
Grande
is in
OBSERVATIONS AND IMPRESSIONS
OF THE jJOURNAL MAN .
By Fred Lockley
( Hera la in brief the life story of a man
of God who baa labored long and fruitfully, at
first aa a pioneer circuit rider, undergoing all
tha rigors of that serrice, later being called to
tba highrnt honors bis church can bestow.
-Nicholas Castle is bishop" emeritus of
the church of the United Brethren. He
lives at Philomath, Oregon. j '
"I was born," said Bishop Castle, "at
Klkhart, Ind, in 1837. My father, Wil
liam H. Castle, was born in 1796. My
mother, whose maiden name was Har
riet Van Brunt, was born in 1804. In
those days Elkhart county was a pio
neer country. Our log Cabin was situ
ated on an 80 acre homestead. At night
we could hear the wolves howling in
the nearby timber. These wolves went
away but there was one wolf ! whose
gaunt form menaced us constantly, and
that was the wolf of poverty. My father
died when I was Jess than twp years
old. When I was 11 years old my
mother died. I found myself homeless
and thrown on my own resources. I
can remember, - when my mother died
and our home was broken up, wandering
away from our cabin not knowing where
I would eat or Bleep. I found a place
on a nearby farm where I worked for
my board. , School held three jmonths
each year. We went to. an old log
school house .with puncheon floor and
home-made benches. Readin', 'ritin" and
'rithmetic was as far as the teacher was
able to go.-
a a "a
"When I was 21 years old I became a
circuit rider. I had to cover a good por
tion of three counties. ' I had 24 appoint
ments and I tried to be at each) one at
least every month. After eigh years
service as circuit rider I became; a pre
siding elder. - ' j
l
"In May. 18T7, I was elected ( to the
office of bishop and was assigned to
the Pacific coast district which em
braced the states of California and Ore
gon and the territories of Washington
and Idaho. X came to Oregon and made
Philomath my headquarters. In the
'70s, when I came here, there were no
transcontinental railroads. Most of the
travel was done by stage coach or by
boat
"As I look back to those days in Philo
math, more than two score years ago,
I can remember what a sterling group
of pioneers I worked with. Among
those I remember best were the Henkles.
Wyatts, Aliens, Crows. Browns, Ben
nets, Rosses, Masons, Edwardses, Wheel
dons, Bronsons, Gellatlya and others
who had come across the plains and who
had helped make Benton county and
Oregon what they are. Most of these
friends of my young manhood are now
gone, but their children and their grand
children are still here. The first spring
I spent on the Pacific coast I traveled
1500 miles on 'horseback through West
ern and Southern Oregon. Presiding
Elder 3i B. Mosher was, with me and to
gether we went by mountain trail or on
muddy roads all over the highways and
byways of Southwestern Oregon.' Some
times we would ride all day long through
ter and continuous, comes ths most con
vincing testimony that has lately been
published, showing the undeniably good
effects of the dry regime. First admis
sion at state hospitals of persons suffer
ing from nervous and mental ! diseases
decreased from 67 in the 1000,1 in 1917,
to C3.S last year. Alcoholic first admis
sions dropped from 10.8 in the 1000 in
1909, to only 1.9 last year, despite the
fact that the prohibition amendment was
In effect only half that fiscal period, of
persons admitted for treatment who were
not suffering from alcoholic effects, the
number making regular use of the stim
NEWS IN BRIEF
SIDELIGHTS
Enough money has been thrown away
on roads in this old country of ours to
have surfaced them with silver dollars.
Cottage Grove Sentinel.
. a. e
The English paper which declares tha
world is overpopulated is wrong; it is
merely overhoboed, overpoliticianed,
overvamped and underp lowed. Hood
River News.
The corrupt practices act having been
declared unconstitutional, the . "free
handed candidate may run.-for an of
fice without running from an officer.-
Weston Leader.
. a a a
Oregon Is discredited with mors di
vorcestwo to every five marriages
than any other state In the Union ex
cept Nevada ; and its grass widows
aren't even edible. Athena Press.
If everybody could escape punishment
by the excuse of being drunk when the
crime was committed, what an easy
thing crime would be, and what a lot
of fellows would be free. Amity Stand
ard. ' :. ,.;
a . a a
v-anyon ctty has Just completed sJ
rine new road to the cemetifry. This
ia cheerful news to those who have a
dread of the evil consequences that are
to follow the collision of the earth with
a comet in June. Blue Mountain Kagle.
- a a a
C. K. Tngalls, editor of the Corvallls
Gazette-Times, upon his return from a
trip to Portland told his readers that hb
was so shocked at the short skirts worn
by Portland ladles that he cut his visit
short and hastened home. No wonder
the public' gets the. impression that all
newspaper men are liars 1 Astoria
Budget
'Civil ene-inin or
Lyman Griswold. "From this I reason
tuai oeuer times are in sight, especial
ly in the construction line," be adda
"You will always notice that th an.
gineer Is the first man employed when
new worn is started, and he first one
discharged when retrenchment becomes
necessary." .
a a a
In a few 'days' it will be known at
Mosier whether or not there is to be
a big fruit crop this year, according
l" jiarn a. mayer or Aiayervllle. . In
dicationa now nra fnr a Hfimw
Mr. Mayer is not very enthusiastic over
tne prospects ot tne Wasco county road
Dona issue carrying, in everything ex
cept collecting taxes it is forgotten that
Mosier la In the county.
a a a
A compromise has been reached be
tween the county court of Polk county
and, the state highway commission
whereby the work on the Salem-Dallas
road will be resumed this summer, Roy
Donahue of Dallas in visiting in Port
land. - , 1
r a a a
The salmon run in the Columbia river
is light says Frank Seufert the can
neryroan, who was In Portland for tfie
week-end.. By some the decrease Is at
tributed to the intensive purse seining
and trolling oft the mouth of the river
four years, ago.
a a a
F. J. Glaze of Eugene was seen -on
the streets of Portland Saturday.
P. A. Hantz of Baker Is among those
from out of town.
a a - a
Lloyd Harris of Lewlston, Idaho, is
visiting the niotropolia
dense forests of pine and fir, where the
solitude was unbroken. Oftentimes we
would travel for hours without seeing
any sign of settlement Our lunch and
our horse feed we carried in our saddle
bags. In those days many of the streams
were unbridged. i
,
"There were many bright spots in the
life of a circuit rider but I can still re
member how cold some of the swollen
mountain streams : in winter or early
spring were, when my horse, in fording
the stream, would lose his footing and
horse and rider would be submerged, to
scramble out on the bank some distance
below. I could tell you strange tales
of . some of the places we stopped over
night. Traveling in Coos and Curry
counties in those days of little settle
ment was always a problem. In crossing
the mountain trails, my. sympathy for
my horse would get the best of me, -so
I would let him go ahead on the trail
while I hung onto his tall, to make my
way up the precipitious winding paths.
In some of the remote districts of the
coast we found " primitive and pioneer
conditions. In one section we found
there was but one white woman living
in the district. Most of the white men
were living with Indian women and rais
ing half-breed families.
"I had not been long here when ex
posure and III health made it -necessary
to cease, for a' while, my ministerial
work. Medicine not seeming to prove
effective, I got -a double-bitted axe and
went Into-the woods. Bfore I came
out of the woods I could chop and stack
a cord and a half of wood in half a
day, so I decided that with muscles
like iron and an appetite like a wolf, I
could resume my evangelistic work.
a ,; a . a
v "The first year of my pastorate I re
ceived a salary of $60 a year. That
year I was married and set up house
keeping. I married Ellen Llvengood.
Being a married man, my salary -was
raised to $160 a year. I remember what
affluence I thought was mine when I
received a salary of $300 ' a year. In
those days a minister was' looked upon
as a follower of Him who had not where
to lay His head, and It was considered
a disgrace for a minister to possess
property, for tt was thought its posses
sion would distract his attention from
following the lowly Nazarene. Our
minds were set on things above.
t
"I have never cared to acquire wealth
or honors and I feel that I have been
greatly blessed in having- been a minis
ter for 65 years. 44 years, of which I
have been a bishop. My wealth consists
o.f my three children, my five grand
children and my four great-grandchil-drenj
To my mind, the great need of
the world today is to realize our de
pendence on God, and the brotherhood
of man. I believe we need more real
piety and less jazz. We need to do more
praying and less playing, to make this
a better world for our having lived and.
wrought in It" c
ulant decreased from tl.l in 1917, to 12.2
in ,1920. 'Apparently the statistician,
Horatio M. Pollock, speaks truly when
he says that "the great reduction In
the rate of admission since the prohibi
tion amendment went into effect indi
cates that excessive drinking has been
lessened, if not entirely stopped." Straws
show how the wind is blowing. What
the prohibition policy in ths United
States is doing, tn the direction of re
storing and maintaining mental health
amidst the people of the country, is only
just beginning to be understood. In
time it will doubtless be fecognlzed as
ths great outstanding benefit of this
policy.. - ' . . . ,
1 - The Oregon Country
Northwest Bappeninga in -Brief Form fog tha
Busy. Keadar
OREGON NOTES '
Methodists of Lakrvlew -will erect a.
new church edifice this summer to cost
Three hundred, new lock boxes have
been added to the eaulpment of tha
Astoria postoffiee.
Mohair recently sold at Toledo In
small lots brought S3 cents. -Several
clips of wool have been sold at 13 cents.
School directors of Astoria have let
a contract for the new annex to tha
high school building, the cost of which
will be $67,017.
W. JL. Elkins of Eugene has Just re
ceived . a medal in recosmttlon of his .
services as chaplain with the Coast
artillery during the war.
The leper Mltrou. recently shipped
back to Marsh fie Id from Portland, will
be. cared for in a special home built for
him at the county farm near TJbqutiW.
The money raised In Lane county for
the relief of tha starving Chinese will
be used to buy Lang county Hour, which
will ba turned over to the relief com
mittee. "
The campaign for salmon In the lower
Columbia river district is on In full
force following the adjustment of tha.
strike, but results are said to be dis
appointing. The county court has authorized tha
Hood River county fair board to expend
all moneys available, a total of $10o),
in the purchase of a permanent fatr
grounde site.
' S. Wood. SO years old, a pioneer
resident of Umatilla county and father
of Clark Wood, editor of the Weston
Leader. Is dead at Westou after a
lingering illness.
A depth of 2010 feet has been reached
by the drill at the Lower Columbia Oil
& Gas company's well and the runh of
gas and flow of oil la arrowing heavier
as a greater depth is reached.
At a meeting of sheep and. frost raisers
of Douglas county, SO per rent of the
growers present signed up their product
tor tne state pool, which Is now being
formed to obtain better prices for wool
and mohair.
John R. Humphry, cashier of ths Ore
gon City Bank of Commerce, who last
year mads an offer to finance the Boys'
and Girls' Calf club in tha purchase, of
calves for a period of three years, has
repeated the offer this year.
. WASHINGTON
. Inheritance tax receipts totaled $1.
469.09 for the month of April while in
March the receipts were $159,OoO.
Henry Van Hise, 42, who his ben
under treatment at Davenport for men
tal trouble, has been mts&ing since May i.
Prospects for a bumper wheat crop In
the Big Bend section are said to ba bet
ter than in any spring for the last seven
years.
-A federal farm loan association has
been organized at Pullman. Twelve of
the members are seeking loans aggregat
ing $60,000.
Cyrus F. Morrow has been appointed
by President Harding as postmaster of
Walla Walla to succeed George B. Day,
who recently resigned.
Taklma county's new $150,000 bride;,
the lower Moxee structure, is nearlng
completion and will bo thrown open to
traffic In about 10 days.
Three hundred Milwaukee raOroad
shopmen returned to a full time schedule,
In Tacoma this week after working throe
days a week for several months.
Plans are being drawn at the present
time for the erection of four large resi
dences in Walfa Walla which will cost
between $10,000 and $15,000 each.
Apple growers . of the Pacific North-
wesL, ai a meeuna; in luuna j nurw
day. decided to organize a corporation
to handle all fruit shipped abroad.
J. D. Melkle has been named secretary
of the Spokane Merchants association to
succeed J. B. Campbell, recently ap
pointed to the interstate commerce com
mission. "
Sea Beach Canning company made a
pack at its Copalis plant last Saturday
of 1031 canes, the largest in its history.
All canneries on the harbor ars working
overtime. .
The state of Washington has received
aa the inheritance tax on the Jeor;e
Wohlwend estate a check for $21!9.a:i.
Mr. Wohlwend waa a farmer in Colum
bia county for many years.
Claiming that In Ignorance of the dam
age wrought by the Olympic peninsul
storro on January 29. they mirchaHpd
timber land valued at $3,000,000 from the
Clallam Lumber company, the Larson
Lumber company has filed suit at JSeal
Ue to get their money hack.
IDAHO
Caught between two heavy trucks
loaded with crushed rorltf, Uo Htone,
aged 19, was Instantly killed at Mom. ow.
A melon growers' assoHatlon ban been
organized at Kmmett. The crop wil' he
pooled and sold through a board of di
rectors. The Boise schools have been cloned
for a few days on account of the npreail
ing of scarlet fever and diphtheria epi
demics. - As railroad rates are almost prohibi
tive, fruit growers of Idaho are '(IIsc-.ubh-ing
the feasibility of shipping by water
to eastern and European points.
Water storage In the Jackson Hole
reservoir Is now the hlprheHt In year,
there being 350,570 acre t'-rt as against
178.820 at this time last year.
Franklin K. Smith. 81, a veteran of
the Civil war, was found dead in bis
room at Boise a few mornings ago. He
retired the night before in bis usual
health.
John W. Tearlan, aged 60, was in
stantly killed recently by a eaveln in
a mine tunnel near Leadore, He waa
a pioneer of 40 years' residence In I -em hi
county.
John Van Alsfe of Ooldendale. Wash.,
was probably fatally Injured Thursday
when his biplane, equipped with pon
toons, plunged 50 feet into Lake 1'eiid
Oreklle. about a mile from Kandpolnt
I6NOW YOUR.
PORTLAND
A few days ago Portland's new
municipally owned bunkers at Ter
minal No. 4 were, successfully oper
ated for the first time.
The bunker bins have a capacity
for 18,000 tons of phosphate rock or
8000 tons of coal. Used for the han
dling of several hundred tons of coal
as a beginning, the bunkers were
found to operate exceptionally well.
Pier No. S of Terminal No. 4 cop
tains the facilities for the storage of
phomphate rock, sulphur, coal and ore,
with more than four acres of storage
space for lumber, steel and like com
modities. All materials handled In bunkers
are moved on 30-Inch belt conveyors
Impelled by direct connected motor
drives. Auxiliary equipment Includes
drives, traveling hoppers, trippers,
chutes, automatic scales and travel
ing towers.
One of the conveniences employed
In connection with the conveyor belt
is a portable spout. Move 1( to the
point where it is desired that It pick
up the load of the belt, and It docs
mo. throwing the commodity to the
point, car or hold where it Is desired
to bs placed.
Two traveling towers ' operated
along the face of ths pier transfer
material from the belt conveyor to
the vessel: these towers act as auxil
iaries of the portable spout so that
material can bs delivered at any de
sired height or level of water for
trimming cargoes In the hold. Theru-J
towers are also used for unloading.
Approximately 250 tons of phos
phate rock or 100 tons of coal per
hour can be handled through double
hoppere'd pit for unloading bottom
dump cars with "Duplex" fhake feed
ers which discharge the material on
the conveyor belt