VtHE OREGON SUNDAY JOURNAL. PORTLAND, SUNDAY: MORNING. OCTOBER 17.- 1SS0.
3
LeagMe of Nations- Is PairamoMiiilL Issuae of Tliis
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ident Taft Said to Support It Even If It Is Necessary to Bolt the Party
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Text of League of Nations Covenant as
By Paris
Herewith Is presented the text
Of the League of Nations cove
nant as adopted by the peace
conference in Paria, April 28,
1911. Because of the part
played by the League of Nations
issue in the presidential cam
paign. The Journal reprints the
covenant at the request of many
readers. - All readers are urged
to save this text for reference.
pIeamble
TN order to promote international
J A cooperation and to achieve tnter-
national peace and security, by the.
acceptance of obligations not to re
sort to war. by the prescription of
open. Just and honorable relations
between nations, by the firm estab
lishment of the understandings of
International law as to actual rule
of conduct among governments, and
by the maintenance of Justice and a
scrupulous respect for all treaty
obligations In the dealings of organ
ised peoples with one another, the
high contracting parties agree to
this covenant of the League of
Nation.
ARTICLE I
The original members of th
League of Nations shall be those of
the signatories which are named In
. the annex to this covenant, and also
such of those other states named In
the annex as shall accede without
' reservation to this covenant Such
accessions shall be effected by a
declaration deposited with the sec
retariat within two months of the
coming Into force of the covenant.
Notice thereof shall be sent to all
the members of the league.
Any fully self-governing state,
dominlcn or colony not named In
the annex may become a member of
the league If Its admission is agreed
to "by two-thirds of the assembly,
provided that It shall give effective
guarantees of its sincere ' inten
tions and shall accept such regula-,
tlona as may be prescribed by the
league in regard to its military and
naval forces and armaments
Any member of the league may,
after two years' notice of its inten
tion so ' to do, withdraw from the
league, provided that all its interna
tional obligations and all Its obliga
tions under the covenant shall have
been fulfilled at the time of lta with
drawal ARTICLE II
The action of the league under
this covenant shall be ef footed
through the instrumentality of an
astiembly and of a council, with a
permanent secretariat. '
ARTICLE III
The assembly shall consist of rep
resentatives of the members ot the
league.
The assembly shall meet at stated
Intervals, and from time to time as
. occasion may require, at the seat
of the league, or at such other place
as may be decided upon.
The assembly- may deal at its
-meetings with any matter within
the sphere of action of the league
or affecting the peace of the world.
At meetings of the assembly each
member of the league shall have
one vote, and may have not more
than three representatives.
ARTICLE IV
The council shall consist of rep
resentatives of the United Sia'.es of
America, of the British Empire, of
France, of Italy. -and of, Japan, to
gether with representatives, of four
other members of the league. These
four members of the league shall be
selected by the assembly from time
to time In its discretion. Until the
appointment ot the representatives
ot the four members of the league
first selected by the assembly, rep
' resentatlves of shall be mem
bers of the council.
With the approval of the majority
of th6 assembly, the council may
name additional members of the
league whose representatives shall
always be members of the council ;
the council with like approval may
Increase the number of members of
the league to be selected by the as
sembly for representation on the
council.
The council shall meet from time
to time as occaalon'may require, and
at least once a year, at the seat- of
the league, or at such other place as
may be decided upon.
The council may deal at Its meet
ings with , any matter within the
- -sphere of action ot the league or
affecting the peace of the world.
. Any member of the league not
represented on the council shall be
- Invited to send a representative to
sit as a member at any meeting
ef the council during the considera
tion ot matters specially affecting
the Interests ot that member of the
league.
At meetings of the council, each
member of the league represented on
' the council shall have one vote, and
. may have not more than one repre-
sentatlve.-
t ARTICLE Y
Except where otherwise expressly
provided In this covenant, or by the
" terms of this treaty, decisions at
- any meeting of the assembly or of
. ' the council shalT require the agree-,-
ment ot all . the members ot the
league represented at the meeting.
All matters ef procedure at meet
. . ' Ings ot the assembly or the council.
, the appointment' ot committees to
. , Investigate particular matters, shall
; be regulated by the assembly or by
the council,, and may be decided by
' a majority of the members of the
t league represented at the meeting.
- The first meeting of the assembly
and the first meeting Of the council
"' v shall be summoned by the president
Of the United -State ot America.
,' AftTICLK ft v t. '
' The permanent secretariat shall be
. established at the seat of the league.
The secretariat shaU comprise a see
' : retary general" and such secretaries
' - and staff aa may be required.
V. ' The first secretary, general shall
, be the person" named .in the annex:
thereafter the -secretary -'t general
5 shall be j appointed ' by the council
' with the approval of the majority of
v: the assembly.::,:;,.., , '
' The secretary general shall, act In
that capacity at ail meetings of the
assembly and of the council.
The expenses of the secretariat
i ' shall be borne by the members of
,'.,-,. the league In accordance with the
4. apportionment - of the expenses -of
Peace Conference April 28,
the international bureau of the Uni
versal Postal union.
ARTICLE TII
The seat ot the league is estab
lished at Geneva.
The council may at any time de
cide that the seat of the league shall
be established elsewhere.
All positions under or In connec
tion with the league, including the
secretariat, shall be open equally to
men and women.
Representatives of the members of
the league and officials of the league
when engaged cn the business of the
league, shall enjoy diplomatic privi
leges and immunities.
The buildings and other property
occupied by the league or Its officers
or by representatives attending the
meetings shall be inviolable.
ARTICLE Till
The members of the league recog
nise that the maintenance of a peace
requires the reduction of national
armaments to the lowest point con
sistent with national safety and
the enforcement by common action
of International obllgatlona
' The council, taking account of the
geographical situation and circum
stances of each state, shall formu
late plans for such reduction for the
consideration and action of the sev
eral governments.
Such plans shall be subject to re
consideration and revision at least
every 10 years.
After these plans have been adopt
ed by the several governments, lim
its of armaments therein fixed shaU
not be exceeded without the concur
rence of the council.
The members of the league agree
that the manufacture by private en
terprise of munitions and Imple
ments of war Is open to grate objec
tions. The council shaU advise how
the evil effects attendant upon such
manufacture can be prevented, due
regard being had to the necessities
of those members of the league
which are not able to manufacture
the munitions and Implements ot
war necessary for their safety.
The members of the league under
take to interchange full and frank
Information as to the scale of their
armaments, their military and naval
programs and the condition of such
of their industries as are adaptable
to warlike purposes.
ARTICLE IX
A permanent commission shall be
constituted to advise the council on
the execution ot the provisions ot
articles I and VIII and on military
and naval questions generally.
ARTICLE X
The members of the league under
take to respect and preserve aa
against external aggression the ter
ritorial Integrity and existing politi
cal independence of a'J members of
the league. In case of any such ag
gression or in case of any threat
or danger of such aggression, the
council shall advise upon the means
by which thl.i obligation shall be
fulfilled.
ARTICLE XI
Any war or threat of war, whether
Immediately affecting any of the
members of the league .or not. Is
hereby declared a matter of con
cern to the whole league, and the
league shall take any action that
may be deemed wise and effectual to
safeguard the peace or nations. In
case any such emergency should
arise, tUe secretary general shall,
on the request of any member of
the league, forthwith summon a
meeting of the council.
It Is also declared to be the
fundamental right of each member
of the league to bring to the atten
tion of the assembly or of the council
any circumstance whatever affect
ing International relations which
threatens to disturb either the peace
or the good understanding between
nations upon which peace depends.
ARTICLE XII
The members ot the league agree
that if there should arise between
them any dispute likely to lead -to
a rupture, they will submit the
matter either to arbitration or to in
quiry by the council, and they agree
in no case to resort to war until three
months after the award by the arbi
trators or the report of the council.
In any case under this article the
award of the arbitration shall be
made within a reasonable time, and
the report of the council shall be
made within six months after the
submission of the dispute.
ARTICLE XIII
The members of the league agree
that whenever any dispute shall
arise between them which they rec
ognise to be suitable for submit-,
sion to arbitration and which can
not be satisfactorily settled by di
plomacy, they will submit the whole
subject matter to arbitration. Dis
putes as to the interpretation of a
treaty, as any question of Interna
tional law, as to the existence of
any fact which. If established, would
constitute a- breach of any interna
tional obligation, or as to the extent
and nature of the reparation to be
made for any such breach, are de
clared to be among those which are
generally suitable for submission to
arbitration. For the consideration
of any such dispute the court of ar
bitration to which the . case Is re
ferred shall be the court agreed on
by the parties to the dispute and
stipulated In any convention existing
between them.
The members of the league agree
that they will carry out In full good
faith any award that may be. ren
dered and that they will not resort
to war against a member of the
league which complies therewith. In
the event of any failure to carry out
such an award, the council shall pro
pose what steps should be taken to
give effect thereto.
ARTICLE XIT
The council shall formulate and
submit to the members of tho league
for adoption plans for the estab
lishment of a permanent court of
International Justice. The court
shall be competent to bear and de
termine any dispute of an interna
tional character which the parties
submit to It. The court may also
give an advisory opinion upon any
dispute or question referred to it
by the council or by the assembly.
ARTICLE XT
If there should arise between
members of the league any dispute
likely to lead to a runtnra. which
is not submitted to arbitration as
above, the members of the league
agree that they will , submit the
matter to the council. Aay party to
the dispute may effect such sub
mission by giving notice of the ex
istence of the dispute to the secre
tary general, who will make all nec
essary arrangements for a full In
vestigation and consideration there
of. For this purpose the parties to
the dispute will communicate to the
secretary general, as promptly as
possible, statements of their case,
all the relevant facts and papers ;
and the council may forthwith direct
the publication thereof.
The council shall endeavor to ef
fect a settlement of any dispute, and
if such efforts are successful, a state
ment shall be made public giving
such facts and explanations regard
ing the dispute and terms of settle
ment thereof as the council may -deem
appropriate.
If the dispute is not thus settled,
the council either unanimously or by
a majority vote, shall make and pub
lish a report containing a statement
of the facts of the dispute and the
recommendations which are deemed
Just and proper in regard thereto.
Any member of the league repre
sented on the council may make pub
lic a statement of the facta of the
dispute and of lta conclusions re
garding the same.
If a report by the council Is unani
mously agreed to by the members
thereof, other than the representa
tives of one or more of the parties
to the dispute, the members of the
league agree that they will not go
to war with any party to the dispute
which complies with the recommend
ations of the report.
tr trie council rails to reach a re
port which is unanimously agreed to
by the members thereof, other than
the representatives of one or more
of the parties to the dispute, the
members of the league reserve to
themselves the right to take such
action as they shall consider neces
sary for the maintenance of right
and Justice.
If the dispute between the parties
Is claimed by one of them, and is
found by the council to arise out of
a matter which by international law
is solely within the domestic Juris
diction of that party, the council
shall so report, and shall make no
recommends tlon as to lta settlement
The council may In any case under
this article refer the dispute to the
assembly. The dispute shall be so
referred at the request of either
party of the dispute, provided that
such request be made within 14 days
after the submission of the dispute
to the council. -
In any case referred to the as
sembly all the provisions of this
article and of Article XII relating to
the action and powers of the coun
cil shall apply to the action and
powers of the assembly, provided
that a report made by the assembly,
if concurred in by the representa
tivea of those members of the league
represented on the council and of a
majority of the other members of
the league, exclusively In each case
of the representatives of the parties
to the dispute, shall have the same
force as a report by the council con
curred In by all the members there
of other than the representatives of
one or more of the parties to the
dispute.
ARTICLE XTI
8hould any member of the league
resort to war In disregard of its
covenants under Articles XII, XIII
or XV, It shall ipso facto be deemed
to have committed an act of war
against all the other members of
the league, which hereby undertake
Immediately to subject It to the sev
erance of all trade or financial re
lations of the covenant-breaking
state and the prevention of all finan
cial, commercial or personal Inter
course between the nationals of the
covenant-breaking state and the na
tionals of any other state, whether
a member of the league or not
It shall be the duty of the coun
cil in such case to recommend to the
several governments concerfted what
effective military or naval forces the
members of the league shall sever
ally contribute to the armaments of
forces to be used to protect the cove
nants of the league.
The members of the league agree,
furtherj that they will mutually sup
port one another in the financial and
economic measures which are taken
under this article, in order to mini
mise the loss ahd inconvenience re
sulting from the above measures,
and that they will mutually support
one another in resisting any special
measures aimed at one of their num
ber by the covenant-breaking state,
and that they will take the neces
sary steps to afford passage through
their territory to the forces of any
of the members of the league which
are cooperating to protect the cove
nants of the league.
Any member of the league whtch
has violated any covenant of the
league may be declared to be no
Are You for Cox and the Peace League
t 1 nrr nfrirn , n- -Mm iim nrt 7rir steaasnraiwt w iiewiTr thmm i rusai -as unis n i
Adopted
1919
longer a member ot the league by a
vote of the council concurred In by
the representatives of all the other
members of the league represented
thereon.
ARTICLE ITU
In the event of a dispute between a
member ot the league and a state
which is not a member ot the league,
or between states not members of
the league, the state or states not
members of the league shall be In
vited to accept the obligations of
membership In the league for the
purposes of such dispute, upon such
conditions as the council may deem
Just. If ruch invitation is accepted,
the provisions of Article XII to
XVI Inclusive shall be applied with
such modifications as may be
deemed necessary by the council.
Upon such Invitation being given,
the council shall immediately Insti
tute an inquiry into the circum
stances of the dispute and recom
mend such action as may seem best
and most effectual In the circum
stances. If a state so invited shall refuse
to accept the obligations ot member
ship In the league for the purposes
of such dispute, and shall resort to
war against a member of the league,
the provisions of Article XVI shall
be applicable aa against the state"
taking such action.
If both parties to the dispute, when
so invited, refuse to accept the ob
ligations of membership in the
league for the purposes of such dis
pute, the council may take such
measures as will prevent hostili
ties and will result in the settlement
ot the dispute.
ARTICLE XVIII
Every convention or International
engagement entered Into hencefor
ward by any member of the league
shall be forthwith registered with
the secetarlat and shall aa soon as
possible be published by It No such
treaty or International engagement
shall be binding until so registered.
ARTICLE XIX
The assembly may from time to ,
time advise the reconsideration by
members of the league of treaties
which have become inapplicable, and
the consideration of International
conditions whose continuance might,
endanger the peace of the world. -ARTICLE
XX
The members of the league sev
erally agree that this covenant is
accepted as abrogating all obliga
tions or understandings inter se
which are inconsistent with toe.
terms hereof, and solemnly under
take that they will not hereafter
enter into any engagements incon
sistent with the terms thereof.
In case members of the league
shall, before becoming a member of
the league, have undertaken any
obligations inconsistent with the
terms of thts covenant It shall be
the duty of such member to take Im
mediate steps to procure its release
from such obllgatlona
ARTICLE XXI
Nothing in this covenant, shall be
deemed to effect the validity of In
ternational engagements such aa
treaties of arbitration or regional'
understandings like the Monroe doc
trine for securing the maintenance
of peace.
ARTICLE XXII
To those colonies and territories
which as a consequence of the late
war have ceasea to be under the
sovereignty of the states which for
merly governed them and which are
Inhabited by peoples not yet able to
stand by themselves, under the
strenuous conditions of the modern
world, there should 'be applied the
principle that the well being and de
velopment of such peoples form a
sacred trust of civilization and that
securities for the performance of
this trust should be embodied in
this covenant.
The best method of giving practic
able effect to this principle is that
the tutelage of such peoples be In
trusted to advanced nations who.
by reasons of their resources, their
experience or their geographical po
sition, can best undertake this re
sponsibility, and who are willing te
accept It and that this tutelage
should be exercised by them as man
dataries on behalf of the league.
The character of the mandate
must differ according to the ktage
of the development of the people,
the geographical situation of the
territory, its economic condition and
other similar circumstances.
Certain communities formerly be
longing to the Turkish empire have
reached a stage of development
where their existence as Independ
ent nations can be provisionally
recognized, subject to the rendering
of administrative advice and assist
ance by a mandatory until such
time as they are able to stand alone.
The wishes of these communities
must be a principal consideration
In the selection of the mandatary.
.Other peoples, especially those of
Central Africa, are at such a stage
that the mandatary must be respon
sible for the administration of the
territory, undei conditions which
will guarantee freedom of conscience
or religion, subject only to the
maintenance ot public order and
morals, the prohibition ot abuses,
such as the. slave trade, the arms
traffic and the liquor traffic and the
prevention of the establishment of
fortifications or military and naval
bases and of military training of
the natives for other than police
purpose and the defense of terri
tory, and will also secure equal
opportunities for the trade and com
merce ef other members of the
league. .
There are territories, such aa
Southwest Africa, and certain of the
South Pacific islands, which,-owing
to the sparseness of tbetr popula
tion or their small slsa or their re
moteness from the centers of civ
ilization or their geographical con
tiguity to the territory of the man
datary and other circumstances, can
be best administered under the laws
of the mandatory aa Integral por
tions of its territory, subject to the
safeguards above mentioned In the
interests of the indigenous popula
tion. In every case of mandate, the
mandatory shall render to the coun
cil an annual report In reference to
the territory committed to Its
charge.
The degree of authority, control or
administration to be exercised by
the mandatary shall, if not pre
viously agreed upon by the mem
bers ef the league, be explicitly de
fined in each case by the council.
A permanent commission shall be
constituted to receive and examine
the annual repotts of the manda
taries and to advise the council on
all matters relating to the observ
ance of the mandates.
ARTICLE XXIII
Subject to and in accordance with
the provisions of' International con
ventions existing or hereafter to be
agreed upon, the members of the
league a) will endeavor to secure
and maintain fair and humane con
ditions of labor for men, women
and children loth in their own coun
tries and in all countries to which
their commercial and Industrial re
lations extend, and for that purpose
will establish and maintain the nec
essary international organizations;
ft,) undertake to secure Just treat
ment cf : the native inhabitants of
territories under their control; fc)
will intrust the league vith the gen
eral supervision over the execution
ef agreements with regard to the
traffic In women and children, and
the traffic In opium and other dan
gerous drugs; (d) will intrust the
league with the general supervision
of the trade in arms and ammuni
tion with the countries in which the
control of this traffic is necessary In
the common interest ; (e) will pake
provision to secure and maintain
freedom of communication and of
transit and equitable treatment for
the commerce of all members of the
league. In this connection the spe-
clal necessities of the regions devas
tated during the war of 19K-1918
shall be In mind ; (f) will endeavor
to take steps in matters of inter
national concern for the prevention
and control of disease.
ARTICLE XXI T
There shall be placed under the
direction of the league all Interna
tional bureaus already established
by general treaties if the parties to
such treaties consent. All such In
ternational bureaus and all commis
sions for the regulation of matters
of International interest hereafter
constituted shall be placed under tho
direction of the league.
In all matters of international In
terest which are regulated by general
conventions but which are not
placed under the control of inter
national i bureaus or commlssloae,
the secretariat of the league shall,
subject to the consent of the coun
cil and If desired by the parties.
: collect and distribute all relevant
Information, and shall render any
other assistance whtch may be nec
essary or desirable.
The council may include as part of
the expenses of the secretariat the
expenses of any bureau or commis
sion which is placed under the direc-
ASTir iT TIT S
The members of the league agree
to encourage and promote the e
. tablishment and cooperation of duly
authorised voluntary national Red
Cross organizations having aa pur
poses Improvement of health, the
prevention of disease and the miti
gation? of suffering throughout the
world.
ARTICLE XXVT
Amendments to this covenant will
take effect when ratified by the
members of the learue whose " rep
resentatives compose the council
and by a - majority of the members
of the league whose representatives
compose the assembly.
No such amendment shall bind any
member of the league which signifies
its dissent therefrom, but In that
case It shall cease to be a member of
the league.
or for More War?
The
a b c
' of the
Paris Covenant'
or a
LEAGUE of
NATIONS
wTT.T.TsU H. SHORT
BteMUrg f Xayae to Sfort Fete
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A. LAWRENCE LOWELL
Prfident cf Sarvard Vtnveriity
GEORGE GBAITOIT WILSON
Trofmtor of Iiitnutii&Kol Lav
Earvmrd Univertitf
QHtiBlBt W.WICKERSHAM
Formor Atttmy-Gtneral
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aad other distiagalthed laths ri ties
JHtefeW by
LEAQUE- TO ENJOBCE PEACE
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13d Wear 429 BnzET
Nxw Tou
I. THE AIM: The Paris covenant
provides for a voluntary league of civil
ised nations, which shall undertake to
promote the justice and preserve the
peace of the world by accepting obliga
tions net to. resort to war, but to deal
openly. Justly and honorably with one
another, by scrupulously maintaining the
sanctity of treaties, by firmly establish
ing the rules ot International law as the
rule of conduct between governments,
and by establishing close cooperation in
matters of common concern.
It does not assume to Me able to end
war, any more than governments assume
to be able to end crime. But aa govern
ments reduce crime by settling disputes
peaceably, by punishing crime when it is
committed, and by organising society in
the general Interest; so the League of
Nations alma to reduce war by settling
disputes peaceably, by penalizing the na
tion that begins war contrary to the
covenant of the league, and by an ad
ministration of matters of common con
cern in the Interest of the people of the
whole world.
II. THE COVENANT : To accomplish
these purposes, the members of the
league agree that they will-
Respect and preserve the political inde
pendence and territorial integrity of each
member against external aggression.
Submit disputes to arbitration by a
tribunal administering international law
or to mediation by the council of the
assembly provided for In the treaty, and
furnish a statement of the case to thev
secretary general of the league.
Abstain from war against any mem
ber until the dispute has been sub
mitted to arbitration or mediation, and
until three months after the award or
recommendation ; and even then not go
to war with a member of the league that
complies with the award of the tribunal
or with the unanimous recommendation
of the council or .assembly.
Carry out in good faith any awards
that may be rendered whenever the
partiea to the dispute voluntarily agree
to arbitrate.
Boycott any nation that goes to war
contrary to the covenants of the league.
support one another in economic mea
sures necessary to make the boycott
effective, support one another in resist
ing any special measure aimed at one of
their number by the offending state..
and afford passage through their terri
tory to the forces ot league members
operating against the offending nation.
Exchange information concerning mili
tary and naval programs and Industries
adaptable to warlike purposes, and for
stated periods not exceeding 10 yearn,
unless relieved of the obligation by the
council, observe limitations of arma
ment when voluntarily adored by each
of them on recommendation of the
council. -
Sees re fair aad namaae treatmeat for
labor, as far at nraerlrabU, at Some aad
la all eoaatrles wltk wkleh they trade.
Secure lust treatment, so far as pos
sible, for naUve Inhabitants of territor
ies under their control.
Entrust the league with supervision
over the execution of International agree
ments providing for the suppression or
the white slave traffic and the sale of
dangerous drugs, snd with the super
vision of the trade in arms ana ammuni
tion in countries where the control of
this traffic is necessary In the common
Interest
Maintain freedom of rtanslt and equit
able treatment for the commerce of
members.
Cooperate In measures for the preven
tion and control of disease.
Kncourage ana promote organization
and work of the Red Cross.
Establish International bureaus to ad
minister such matters of common inter
est as may be agreed upon.
Abrogate all treaties and obligations
among themselves Inconsistent with the
covenant and enter Into no such obliga
tions in the future.
Register all new treaties, which shall
not be binding until so registered.
Pay a due share of the expense of ad
ministering the affairs of the league.
IIL THE AGENCIES: The covenant
provides the following agencies to advise
and assist in carrying out these agree
ments AN ASSEMBLY which shall represent
all member nations, determine by ma
jority vote its own procedure, and meet
at stated intervals and aa occasion may
require. Each member of the league
may have three delegates but only one
vote. The assembly shall make its de
cisions by unanimous vote except as
otherwise provided, and shall have power
to
"Seal with" (that I, discuss, and, no
doubt, express opinions concerning) all
matters within the sphere of action of
the league, or affecting the peace of the
world. . .. ' - ;
Advase the reconsideration of treaties
which have become inapplicable, or ot
International conditions dangerous to
peace.
Select the four non-nermaant mem-
Ibers to the council. In succession to Bel-
iiuii, ori, ureece ana spam temporar
ily appointed by vote of the Farts con
ference pending- action by the assembly.
Aamit new members to the league by
two-thirds vote.
Inquire into disputed referred to It by
the council or the parties to the dispute
and by majority vote make recommenda
tions which, if concurred in by the votes
of all the states represented In the coun
cil, exclusive in each case of parties to
tne dispute, win protect from attack the
states complying with them.
A COUNCIL of nine which by majority
vote shall determlae Its owe procedure
asd meet at leait oaee each year, each
member aarlag oae vote, as follows!
Repreteatativfi of the United States,
Great Britala, F rases, Italy, Jaaaa aad
the follewlag foar nations detlgaated by
the peace eoaiereaee to serve aatll the
aiaembly shall assolat their rcetiora
Belgium Brasii, Greece aad Spala. Tat
eeaaetl shall have power, by aaaalsioas
vote, to
Expel a member that Has violated asy
eovesaat of the leagae.t
Ferm slate plaas for the redaction ef
armameats for the eoaslderatton of the
several goverameats, inch plass to he
abject to revltloa at least every II
years. .
Advise how the evils attendee! apea
the manufacture by private eaterprtse of
monltloBi or lmplesitsU of war may be
obviated
Adrlte apoa the means of preeervtag
the territorial laUgrtty aad peUtleal la-
dependence of the members agaiast ex
teres! aggretiloa, whether aetaal or
threatened.
Propose what shall be dons to give ef
feet to the decision, If a state falls te
carry eat the award ot aa arbitration
by which It hat agreed to abide.
Formnlate plaas for a permanent eoart
of International JatUce.
Iaqalre Into dlsoatet aot within the do
mestic - Jurisdiction of a state, aad not
tabmltted to the eoart or to arbitration
or to the assembly; eadeavor to seen re
a settlement by mediation' aad, falling
this, make a reeommesdetloa which. If
nnanlmoDS, protects the state eoaplylag
with it from attack.
Recommend what asUltary aad aaval
forces shall be eontrlbeted by each mem
ber to protect the eovtaaata ef the leagne
against a nation that resorts to war
eoatrary therto.
Intalre Into, asd offer faelUUet for,
the settlement ef disputes with or be
tweea non-member states aad, la ease of
refnssl by the sob. member state or
states to accept inch offer, make re com
mendations and, If ateetsary, take actios
to prevent hostilities aad settle the di
pnte. Fix the terms of a mandate, by a na
tion willing to accept It, over any colony
or territory formerly governed by Oer -
many or Turkey, whenever this has not
been previously agreed upon by the mem
bers of the league.
Appoint the secretary general, sub
ject to confirmation by majority vote
of the assembly, and confirm his subor
dinates. Appoint permanent International com
missions and control international bu
reaus. Supervise the execution of agreements
to suppress the white slave trade and
the traffic in dangerous drugs.
A SECRETARY GENERAL, and his
subordinates, chosen by the council for
administrative work.
A COURT OF INTERNATIONAL
JUSTICE to be established In accord
ance with plans to be worked out by the
council, with power to decide any dis
pute referred to it by the parties thereto,
and to give an advisory opinion upon any
matter referred to it by council or as
sembly. A MANDATORY COMMISSIONTo
oversee and advise respecting the admin
istration of colonies and backward peo
ples formerly governed by Germany or
Turkey.
A PERMANENT COMMISSION to
advise on military and naval questions.
INTERNATIONAL BUREAUS for the
regulation of matters of international
interest ; existing international bureaus
such as the International Postal Union
to come under the league's direction
when the parties to the treaties creating
them so agree, and all International bu
reaus hereafter created to come, auto
matical ly under the league's direction.
IV. GUIDING PRINCIPLES: The
covenant formulates the following princi
ples for the guidance of league members
and administrative agencies I
That the validity of International en
gngements for the maintenance of peace
snch as the Monroe doctrine and treaties
of arbitration shall aot be affected by
the covenant.
That war or threat of war anywhere Is
the concern of the league, since war, like
fire, is liable to spread ; and the mem
bers of the league may take action to
safeguard the peace ot nations.
That making war contrary to the cov
enants of the league shall be deemed an
act of war on the part of the offending
nation against all other members of the
league.
That maintenance ef peace reqalre re
daction of armaments to the lowest point
consistent with aatloaal safety aad the
enforcement of International obligations.
That submission of any disput to me
diation by the council can be effected by
either party thereto by giving notice of
its existence to the secretary general.
That each member of the league shall
have the right and responsibility of call
ing the attention of the league to any
thing that threatena to disturb pea;e
ahd. good understanding among nations.
That publication of the facta of all dls-
Concerning a Beautiful
CdnXplexiOn an Unusual Powda)
Culture, personality, dreg, all contribute to thai undefinablfv thing
called beauty but of all factors, the subtle-charm of a beautiful complexion
is easily first.
Have a complexion that invites the most 'critical tare a skin radiantly
beautiful in sunlight or under the glare of brlgfct, artificial light. Win tba
admiration that only a complexion which bespeaks the bloom of youth caa
cabmen
COMPLEXION
lta final touch impart to the most
subtla charm and gives aven rough
TU FUmJ Tease"
i J
: v
' r,
putes that threaten war and nnt Bat
tled by arbitration shall be made, an fa , .
as expedient, whether or not unanimous
recommendation of an award is reached.
That the well being
f backward peoples residing In colonies 'J
01 me centra empires, or in territories
taken from them. Is a sacred trust, and
that they shall be administered by na
tions acting as agenta or mandatories of
in league; a principal consideration In
the selection ot such mandatories being
the wishes of the peoples In the areas
to be administered.
That all positions in connection with
the league shall be open equally to men
and women.
V. THE LIMITATIONS : Things the
Paria covenant does not do.
Dost aot create a tuper-goternmeat
eatraaklag those of members or mala-
talalsg armlet to Over-awe themi bnt Is
a treaty la which the members pledge
themtelvet to maintain a condition et
International morality akin to that mala
talaed by every elvUlsed tlale wlthia Its
own borders.
Does not commit members to obliga
tions they cannot get out of. A nation
may withdraw from membership on two
years' notice, if Its International and v
league obligations have been fulfilled,,,.' ,
Just as a partner may withdraw from a
partnership.
Does aot place the Vailed States la
position where It ran be eoereed fey tho
vote of ether nations la the eonarn or the
assembly, at the power of these bodies is .
almost wholly advisory aad evei for tkls
a anaalmoat vote It repaired oa all vital
matters.
Sees aot Involve the calling eat et
American soldiers la case of local tsaeb
blte In the Balkans or elsewhere. While
membert ef the leagne are obliged te
take part la a boycott agalatt a natfea
that attacks another member eoatrary te
the leagne covenant, they do aot other
wise agree to Join la making war.
Does not place peace -above Justice, but
provides for war as a last resort to re
strain an aggressive nation and does)
not forbid war against a nation that re
fuse to accept the awards of league
tribunals and in case of disputes where
no decision can be reached by the coun
cil or assembly.
Does not prevent the division or anion
of existing nations, but keeps open ,
every means of effecting changes In na
tional boundaries except by external ag
gression.
Doet aot affect the constitutional aa
thorlty of congrees to declare war, al .
tbengh congress wonld be morally feoaad
by this treaty, as by every other. The
council can recommend, war bnt only
congress ran declare war.
Doet not destroy the Monroe doctrine.
Oa tbe contrary, the Monroe doctrine for
the first time In history Is expressly
recognised by all the members of the
leagne, and Its principle extended In
the world by meats of the provlslos that
! the territorial Integrity and political In-
dependence of all the members shall be
preserved.
Does not Interfere In the domestlo
affairs of any natlSV That also is ex
pressly provided agalnt I. The league
has no right 'to interfere with revolu
tions, rebellions, immigration, tariffs and
other internal problems of its rnembv.
although it may take notice of them and
make recommendations when such mat
ters threaten the peace of the world.
Does not exceed the treaty power
1 ander the constitution. - The Tutted.
States has during Its history entered
Into treaties Involrlng all the powers
affeeted by the covensnt.
VI. MEMBERSHIP: The covenant
provides the following rules for members
ship in the league :
Charter membership is open to the fol
lowing signatories to the treaty of neaa I
United states of America. Belgium, Bo
livia, Brazil, Urltish Kmplre, Canada,
Australia, South Africa, New Zealand,
India, China. Cuba, Chechoslovakia, Ec
uador. France, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti,
Hedjas. Honduras, Italy, .Inpan, Liberia,
Nicaragua, Panama. Peru. Poland,
Portugal, rfoumanla. Serbia, ' Slam,
Uruguay; and to the following states
which are Invited to acede to the cov
enant :" Argentine Republic. Chile, Colom
bia. Denmark, Netherlands. Norwty,
Paraguay, Persia. Salvador, Spain, Swe
den. Switzerland, Yenrzucla.
Other self-governing stales, dominions
or colonies may be admitted to the
league provided they give "effective
guarantees" Of sincerity arid accept such
regulations regarding military and naval
armaments aa may be prescribed by the
league.
Vlt. IX5CATION. The seat of . the
league shall tx at Geneva unless changed
by The council.
VIII. APPROVAL,, KATiriUATIUW
AND AMEDMENT ,
This covenant Jn Its original form was
unanimously approved by representa
tives of 14 nations, at the peace confer
ence, was then referred to the peoples
of the world for criticism and sugges
tion and revised in the light of this dis
cussion. It Includes all the material
amendments requested by the people of
the United States. In Its final form. It
Is now referred to the governments of
the nations for adoption. When ratified.
It can be amended by the unanimous
vote of the majority of the nations rep
resented In the assembly.
No amendment, however, shall bind
any member of the league which signi
fies Its dissent therefrom, but In that
case the dissenting state would cease to
be a member of the league.
Tb Council mr. Yy unanlmeoi me of fits"
own ntnilMn and a usiarltjr ou of tba mem
bly, ipcrMe tUt permanent mmbThip Ry sim
ilar procedure it my tttcre&ae the number to tie
elected bf the awembly.
1 The. toW of the rioTenaat-brrak Ing nttinn, if
S member of the ('ntmMl, would be. lnord la
determining unanimity of setlan.
n 1 u
lorelr natural comnlarion an added
skins a velvety smoothneaa that cbal
engts cweo inspection.
WhiU. Pink, Fti$h, Cream and the ExquiHt
Nfto CARMEN BRUNETTE Sluidt
-S0 Cents Everyw lure v
Trial Offor7Jr.r"K2:
yoa would like te try It. Send U eeoU to cover posUre sad
peeking asd we'll send yoa the bandy parse else box eoe
saiawsst twa ee three weeke supply aad a mirror. Or We'll
ssssd say ether shade preferred. , 1
SUUord-terCoSU Louis, !
TV
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