I
THE OREGON SUNDAY JOURNAL, PORT LAND, SUNDAY MORNING. MAY 16, 1920.
Ilif ICAT ON OF ALL
RAILROAD LINES IN
CITY IS ADVOCATED
System Simplifies Freight Ship
ments anil Reduces Damage 'to
Property Near. Right-of-Way.
1
By Charles II. Cheney . '
Coovoltaat Portland City Planalng Coniitiiin
The importance of early unifica
tion of railroad lines and service Jn
cities and the prevention of further
duplication And waste has been for
. long time Appreciated by both the
carriers and! by city- officials. To
get at a comfn on hasls of solving the
problem the National Conference on
City Planning in 1919 appointed; a
cotnmittee to Investigate, ..-and their
" report was presented at the recent
national conference in Cincinnati.
This committee consisted of Nelson P.
Lewis, chief engineer cf the city of New
York, and president of the national con
ference on ci?y : planning t Colonel. Wil
liam J. Wilgua, chief engineer. New York
Central railroad ; E. P. Goodrich, . con
sulting engineerj New York city; J. P.
Neweil, consulting engineer public servr
ice commission of Oregon' and engineer
'Grand Trunk arbitration commission, of.
the Canadian government : and, Charles
H. Cheneys consultant city plan com
missions of Spokane, Portland and
Berkeley -j- '
The report Isias follows:
KEPOBTOFi COMMITTEE
J
1. Unified control and operation of all
. standard, railroad lines within the limits
of any city i4 essential both to the re
quirements of- modern business and to
the convenience ' of the public. It should
to brought about with as little delay as
possible, at the fame time providing op
i portunities for expansion both of track
age and terminals In connection with a
well considered plan of city develop
ment. Means'should he found and taken
for persuading or compelling all "rail
roads entering; the city to connect-up
, with such a unified system at the city
limits. The entire question of railroad
service should be considered as a whole,
not with relation to one system or one
part of the city only, ,
SBArV OX &AILROAD8 ,
2. The present wasteful and, - needless
duplication' of lines and terminals in
side the city limits cannot be permitted
to continue. 'Many cities can 'show mil
lions of dollars spent in unnecessary
duplication of passenger stations when
the same sums expended In added in
dustrial lines,: would' have increased both
the ' business! of the. carriers and the
. prosperity of! the city.
- This is a (useless drain on the rail
roads, resulting in additional cost of op
eration, , for which the public pays. It
Is a needless! inconvenience to the pub
lic which caa be remedied -at compara
tively small (cost by " proper cooperation
in planning by both the city and the rail
roads. Voluntary action on the: -part
of one road i is not to be expected and
generally .impracticable. The city, with
the-aid of tle state or national govern
ment; holds an advantageous- position
to undertake, bringing the railroads to
gether for such unification. . ' -
JSHIPPEBS MAI5TAIN WAEEHOCSE8
- 3. All shippers within Hhee&ty'should
be free from 'dependence, on one road for
cars. In some cities shippers now have
to maintain f--needless additional ware
houses on a; second line in order to in
sure prompt (delivery of cars on the first
"line. : This 1 a. wasteful; expense which
must be added to the. cost of shipping
and doing business, particularly-, where
a perishable: product is involved, a
4. Ktt spurs and industrial tracks
within the city limits should be "com
mon user" tracks, served by a belt' line
connected w8th all main lines entering
the city, a fair pro rata return being
rade to the Original owner of each line
for such use i t
, &. Municipal ownership -of intra-city
lines is probably not. necessary, provided
there Is unified control. Kxpansion'of
existing terminal companies to include
all lines within city limits, is probably j
the most economical, quickest and easi
est method ' of accomplishing unifica
tion in most; cities.
rBOFERT BLIGHTEI . .
New trunk lines should be allowed to
hook on toi the city terminal lines' at
the 'city limits, at any time in the fu
ture. This Would provide for competi
tive lines through the country without
. cutting the! city into further pie-shaped
sections or? causing further blighted
areas to property within a block or two
of each side of the railroad right of way
through a eity, as at present
6. Provision of complete modern busi
ness' facilities is essential to all indus
tries. RtfRroad service while important.
is not the only one of these facilities
necessary. Protected industrial districts
ot sones- appropriately and conveniently
situated, free from hampering residential
requirements,! With, wide heavy hauling
pavements, high pressure fire protection,
extra large; sewers for industrial vaate,
etc, as well as unlimited spur tracks,
are necessajryf in any city of consequence;
and many (of the progressive cities of
the country j have already established
such sones; ;j -. '.. i .v-.; , .-f:rc& ' ,
COOPERATION SECESSAKY v ' -The
, fulliest cooperation between the
city -and the railroad is necessary to
make the facilities in these sones most
useful in the development of business.
Once such zones are established : both
railroads and shippers can feel safe in
.- concentrating large - investments, for
permanent; ultimate service, not other
wise justified.
7. One of the greatest opportunities
for railroads: to cut down expenses and
freight rates, is by simplification of ter-
, "muials, ; On I most of the big roods it
costs as much'" to get a ear of freight
. out of the city limits, as It does to haul
it 250 miles or more on the main line.
Some roads report as much as 35 per
cent of their total freight cost in han
dling at terminals (from reports of O
W. R. & !N.i railroad to Oregon public
service commission). This isby far the
biggest single item to the railroads in
their cost i of doing business.
SHIP BY',8HORTJST TEAf HAUL
A smalfi saving' therefore Dv terminal
handling isliould effect a s considerable
CLEAN
APPETIZING
Lang & Kruse
Restaurant
LtTNCH AND DINNER
to 8 J- m. Plate Lanetteoa 40c!
jlt;j Park Bet. Alder aad aiorrisoa
EightH Measure to Be
Voted for School Tax
Nine propositions five proposed
amendments to the - state - constitu
tion and four proposed statutes, have
been submitted by the special ses
sion' of thei legislature for -approval
or rejection by the voters of Oregon
at the special ,'elec'ion to 5 be held
May 21. For the Information of the
voters . Th$ , Journal wilt present j a
brief and concise statement 'of the
purpose and intent- of- these various
proposals, one at, a- time mntil the
entire list, has been' covered, taking
them ia the order in which they'wiH
appear, upon , Uw official . ballot. :
The: eighth, measure on the ballot
of the ; special (election la the . "State
Elementary j School ? Fund Tax." It
provides, ; in -short, that "in addition
to provisions for the support of the
public schools of the state now pro
vided by law," there shall be levied
an annual tax of 2 mills on the AoU
lar of the total assessed value of the
state. This sum, so raised, Is to
be expended "fop the; support and
maintenance of the public elemen
tary schools? of the state. The
amounts levied and collected are to
be apportioned to the. various coun
ties,' to the; credit of theh- school:
funds, in ; the same; manner that
other takes are levied, and collected.
In' order to understand what the -proposed
law means; it is necessary, to note
at least the outstanding features of the
existing statutes which now provide
school revenue, to which existing revenue
the proposed tax money is to be addi
tional, j . ; 1 "', ; ""
PRESENT XAvTS EXTENT
The Jaw now provides that each county
snail levy, annually,' for- the support and
maintenance of Its: public schools, "such
a sum as will provide- "not less than
$10 per capita" for an children resident
within the county - between theV ages of
4 and 20 Tears, ; the ' school age. - The
school population, as. estimated by the
superintendent of .public instruction, for
the state at large, f totals 209,613 This
would give a minimum annual school
tax fund of J2.096.130. There was Jevied
and will be collected for thei current
year, however, the sum. of '$2,241,555. a
sum $145,130 in excess of the minimum.
1 The law ajso. provides that the Interest
earned from -the: irreducible school fund
shall be apportioned 'among the different
counties for support of the schools. This,
under the last apportionment, amounted
to $408,731. Ui r 0 i--" . :; -JV- '
i Taking -these "two-, statutes, together,
and they are the . only ones providing
Continuing state support for the- public
schools, it will be, seen that the state
at large provides the total -annual sum
of $2,650,826 for its public school sys
tem; this on the basis of the present
total assessed valuation of the state.
SPECIAL I.EYIE8 HOT ISCI-UDED
In considering the subject and the
application of the proposed 2-mill levy,
it . must- be . kept in mind that these
figures just quoted do not take into
consideration the special school levies,
or the funds derived therefrom, which
special levies form the bulk of the money
raised by taxation for school purposes.
Turning now to the proposed 2-mill
tax act and .calculating, the sum which
would flow from it on the basis of the
present assessed valuation of the state
$990,435,472 it Is seen that it would pro
duce an annual fixed mlllage appropri
ation of $1,980,854.
This sum :' would of course, .vary as
the total assessed valuations rose or fell
with passing years, but for the purpose
of the discussion here the present -valuations
are used as illustrative.
v The proposed law : provides that the
anniAl 2-mill appropriation, for that is
what .it really amounts to, shall -be "in
addition" to other funds now provided
by law. Therefore had the law been
amount of saving in freight cost and
should be t welcomed; by railroads and
shippers alike.
8. "Whatever, the origin of destination,
a merchant or manufacturer should be
able to receive and shlp at the rretgni
station which entails the shortest team
heul. . j .-. .;. ;
9. Adequate expanded . classification
and freight yards must be provided in
every city s as part of its future plan as
an - adjunct of industrial development.
These yards ' should have long areas
uninterrupted by grade crossings and
preferably; located at one' side of or
on the outskirts of the city, away from
the probable expansion of business and
main street traffic lines.
MAIN LIXES OX OUTSKIBTS
Main railroad lines' should be diverted
around the city and outside the city
limits, wherever practicable, so that
through freights ; and other tnrougn
trains need not pass through the con
gested parts of the city.
In light of i the development of mod
ern street transit, consideration should
also he given to the possible advantages
of relocating In passenger and freight
stations away from the congested dis
tricts: .l H t
10. In cities, which have water-borne
commerce, whether coast or inland ports,
rail and water terminals should be con
sidered as a single rather than as sep
arate problems ; coordination of facil
ities for both methods of transportation
should be insisted upon in the interest
of the public and of the carriers them
selves. .; (-'.-
RELATION OF RAILROADS
TO STREETS
11. The relation of the railroads to the
street system of the city should be care
fully worked out. The value of the rail
road to the prosperity and the very life
ot the city should be recognized. t
Wide heavy hauling pavements to
freight terminals, docks and the indus
trial zones are equally essential and
form a natural and important comple
ment to the greatest use of railroad, fa
cilities. Direct and amply wide traffic
thoroughfares should lead to all prln
cipal passenger and freight stations.
12. The elimination of grade crossings
on both steam and electric' rapid transit
lines is economical' to public safety and
convenience, to prevent the interruption
of traffic and for the , proper conduct
of business.
The problem of grade crossing elimina
A. Lang
John Kruse
u
In effect at the beginning, Of the current
year, the public schools of the whole
state" would have received - from state
funds, the $2,241,555 from the state school
tax, the $408,731 from the irreducible
school fund interest apportionment, and
the $1,980,854 from the 2-mill levy, or a
total of $4,633,140, not counting any sums
from special levies. " " 3 1
ALLOW AXCE FOB SALARIES j
Now,' the existing- law provides that
85 per cent of the total amount received
from the state school' tax and from the
school fund interest apportionment shall
be devoted to the payment of salaries of
teachers. This shows then, that) $3,
252,743 of the amount now received from
the state goes for salaries, leaving only
$397,543 annually of state -aid for main
tenance purposes throughout the entire
state, while m fact the entire state fund
is insufficient to meet the salary charges;
a circumstance which accounts for the
high special levies prevalent in nearly
every school district of the state. . ; j
The proposed law, in other words,
would; give a continuing and definite in
come, ; varying . from year to year only
with the increase or decrease of the
assessed valuation and the interest earn
ings of the school fund.' The proposed
law ia not" limited to any proportionate
distribution - as between salaries and
maintenance,' so that whatever; portion
might ! be necessary to . meet the salary
demands could be used for that purpose
and special levies would deal solely with
upkeep and maintenance of the schools;
a situation that would, on the face of It,
result In lower special levies everywhere,
except to meet emergency conditions. '
MFLTJTOMAH IS CITED f .
"What would result from the operation
of the proposed statute probably can be
best illustrated by its application to the
financing of .Multnomah county's schools,
which Include the Portland public schools,
the largest district in the state requiring
the most money to operate. The school
population of .Multnomah county totals
62,025. The state school tax money re
ceived amounted this year to $623,371.' a
very few dollars in excess of the $10
minimum required by statute. The dis
trict received $120,948 from the appor
tionment of the school fund Interest ac
count, bringing a total of $744,319 of
state aid tor the county as a whole.
There was levied, and will be collected,
special school taxes within the county In
the total sum of $2,799,845. This in
cludes the special levy of $2,715,736 made
in District 1, Portland, and this Portland
total in turn includes the amount flow
ing from the salary bill initiated by the
teachers and approved at the special
election of June 1919. i. v ; I
Totaling the whole list up shows that
Multnomah county schools received, or
will receive, during the current year, the
total sum of $3,544,164 for salaries, sup
port and maintenance, ot. which total
only $744,319 came from state sources.
The proposed law, on the basis of the
same assessed valuations, would give a
millage appropriation to Multnomah
county of $673,239. This added to i the
school tax now provided by law and the
school fund - interest apportionment
would give the county schools a total of
$1,417,558, which is less by $2,126,606
than the revenue raised for them under
present methods. j, r
JCO INCREASE POSSIBLE
Simmering ' the whole question down,
the conclusion comes that the 2 mill : tax
bill, in itself, would not increase taxes,
in.. Multnomah county, or ! the state.! It
would provide, however, a definite an
nual income as a working basis j for
school support, large enough, taken with
funds from existing laws, ; to meet
necessary salary charges, and. leaving
the question of operation, maintenance,
additions or improvements to be cared
for by the surplus, augmented by such
special levies as the particular occasion
might require.- - ' ; - -.
It would result in the reduction, in all
cases, and the elimination in many,' of
the special levy, which in Multnomah
county, as an illustration, ranges from
half a mill in one country district, to
18.3 mills, the: highest. In another.
tions should be studied in the most com
prehensive way and not in a piece-meal
fashion, even - though : the execution of
the work is to be carried out gradually.
DAMAGE TO PROPERTY "
XZ. The 'fullest cooperation should be
given cities by the railroads in planting
and improving the appearance of bord
ers of rights of way, yards, bridges,
viaducts, stations and terminals within
the city limits. ; c .f -, ;
Much of the per cent damage to ad
jacent property values and rentals can
be done away with in this' manner at
reasonably small expenee, by closer
working together of railroad officials.
14. These fundamental considerations
in the relation of railroads to city de
velopment we respectfully commend to
railroad officials, city plan commission,
state public service commissions, and
to the distinguished members of the
interstate commerce .commission, with
the conviction that the grave questions
of economy and public policy , involved
merit their fullest concurrence and co
operation. 3
Raymond Robins and
McGee Have Praise
For Hiram - Johnson
The cause of Senator Hiram Johnson
was upheld by Raymond Robins and
Charles A. A. McGee at The Auditorium
Friday night. Both Robins and McOeo
dwelt at length on the record and pub
lic life of Senator Johnson, discussed the
issues involved - in the League of Na
tions controversy,! f ronv the standpoint
assumed' by the senator, and contended.
generally, that his political ' and public
record as well as his stand on the peace
treaty and league covenant . made him
the. logical candidate for ' election as
president at this time, when, the ques
tion of peace with Germany : still un
solved. America would have to find its
solution. ' . .". f - " S - ; '
Spinning Wheel Is
Out to Beat H. C. L.
Clearfield, Pa. May 15. (U. S.)
Dragged fromj the attic and the accu
mulated dust of several : generations
wiped from its wheel, the spinning wheel
owned by Isaiah Davis of Bell j town
ship is doing a Twentieth century part
In fighting old man H. C. L. Mrs. Davis
has been making good old-fashioned
"homespun" clothing for members of
the family during, the winter, j The wool
is first carded on another machine and
then woven on the spinning wheeL Both
of the old time relics now seeing service
are heirlooms ot -the . family. :-
Boy Burned to Death '
Mount Vernon, 111, May IS. (L N.
S.) Playing "hide and seek" in a barn
at i Mount Vernon . proved disastrous to
4-year-old Sidney Harlow. The barn
caught on fire while he was hiding . in
a manger. Unable to get out, he was
burned to death when the building w.it
G.E.HAMAKERSUES
iniiDMAi mm irpi
JUUlUinLI UllLIULL ATTmr
Democratic Politician Files Action
Asking Damages in Sum
of $300,000.
. Gilbert E.-Hamaker, chairman ot
the Democratic county central com
xnittee ; of Multnomah, county, : filed
sUit Saturday afternoon against The
Journal Publishing company, alleg
ing that 'he had been libeled by rea
son of an editorial published by. The
Journal in . its issue of May 10, and
asking damages In the sum of $300.
C00, together with csots and dis
bursements of the action.
In - his : complaint Hamaker alleges
that he has been a resident ot Multno
mah county for more than nine years,
during which time he has practiced law ;
that he has sustained a good name and
reputation during that time for honesty
and integrity among his acquaintances,
friends, patrons and the general public;
that for the past two years he has been
duly elected, qualified -and acting chair
man of the Democratic county central
committee of Multnomah county; that
as such official it . has been his duty
to look after the best interests ot the
Democratic party; that the office is
one of honor and trust and that as such
official he has -had the respect, confi
dence and esteem of the members of the
Democratic party and the citizens of
Oregon, and particularly ot Multnomah
county, up 'to and until the publication
of the "false, malicious and libelous
charges of the defendant.' - - -
He quotes the offending editorial and
alleges that it was intended to assert,
and to have its readers understand that
"plaintiff Is a political grafter and faker
and that as chairman of the Democratic
county central committee he entered Into
a corrupt .unlawful and felonious bar
gain or arrangement by which : he, as
chairman of said, committee, is giving
his support to the Republican candi
date for United States senator for Ore
gon, the said R. X. Stanfield referred
to- in said editorial." ;
The .complaint also alleges that Ha
maker by reason of the statements com
plained - against "is greatly Injured in
his reputation and personal, political,
social and business standing and has
suffered and will continue to suffer
great loss of business by being thereby
deprived of the confidence and esteem
of his clients and the public all to his
damage in the sum ot $300,000."
Newton McCoy is attorney for Ha
maker. .-', ':' .. ; " ..'-- .
War I Veteran Is
In Race for Office
Of County Coroner
-: t :.--'-'..;''
, Dr. H. M. Greene of Portland, Candi
date for Republican nomination of coun
ty coroner, was born at Ashville, N. C,
i , . October 5, 1878. He
attended P a 1 1 o n
academy, Morgan
town, N. C, and is
a graduate ' of the
University of Ore
gon, medical department.-
He has
- practiced . medicine
and surgery during
the past 16 years.
The . latter part of.
1916 was spent in
the service of the
United States army
on the Mexican
border. He entered
the ' army at the
beginning Of Amer
ica's participation in the great war and
was honorably discharged after having
served continuously for more- than two
years. . ;
In his platform Mr. Greene says that:
If elected to the office of coroner I will
conduct the affairs of the office in a
business-like way. I will maintain the
present public morgue with economy,
fairness and impartiality. -1 am a tax
payer in Multnomah county and will take
a personal interest In saving money for
tne commonwalth. In my opinion a
monthly report should be rendered by
the coroner to the proper official to file
for the Information of the public."
Child Viewing Train
Falls From Machine
Joplin, Mo., May 15. VL N. &) While
riding in his motor car with his wife
and two small sons, Charles Wells was
startled to hear the older boy, shout:,
"Hey, dad. stop! Dick fell out back
there." Bringing the car to a sudden
halt. Wells gave "first aid" to the
4-year-old, who fortunately suffered only
a few scratches. Dick came to grief
when he leaned against the rear door of
the car to "get a good look" at a pas
senger train. .
Stampede for Real
Beer; Proves Fake
Kansas City, Mo.. May; 15. (L 2. S.)
Kxcitement was at a high pitch around
Kansas City's s-a-I epft drink - par
lors the other day. Old feet beat new
paths to the brass rails. The procession
soon developed into a stampede. "Real
beer!" traveled like ' a prairie fire
whfppedon by a 60-mile gale. Finally
federal officials heard of the "find." An
agent took a "chance" on "a "two-bit"
bottle. Upon examining the label he
found that it read : "Alcoholic contents
approximately .2 per cent by. volume."
Somebody had overlooked the decimal
point. " .
'-
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MADE-TO-MEASURE SHIRTS
COMPLETE LINES OF MADRAS, OXFORDS,
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JACOBS SHIRT CO.
Raleigh Bldg., 327 Washington St., Cor. 6th
' ESTABLISHED (Since Heck Was a Pup) 1888
About Capital Punishment
' 6 It : $t Wt . ' K V t
lative Plea Answered
. An outline of the; affirmative ar
gument for capital punishment and
a fuller presentation of the negative
than is contained in the state docu
ment, has been, prepared by the anti
capital ; punishment committee, ' in
cluding Norman F.. Coleman, Fred
eric ; K- Howsft-d, ' S. C. Kohs, Ben
Selling, Millie" RJ Trumbull, Saran
Evans, George Rebec and "Walter T.
Sumner. ' v "
It follows:.
A consideration of the : affirmative
argument for. capital punishment, tn tne
document Issued by the state of Oregon,
by the anti-capital punishment commit
tee of Portland. ": ; . - ;i
Outline of the Affirmative Argument
1. Jury should have power to hang for
murder in the first degree. '
Negative Argument 1. Proposed
amendment is useless since,: as the af
firmative puts it. "Experience shows
that the average jury is chary of send
ing' any man to the gallows." How then
will criminals be hanged if the penalty
is left to the jury? ri
More convictions in states without the
death' penalty. Read per cent under
Capital i Life "
Punishment . Imprisonment
Mass. .......16 1891 Maine ..64.5
Cal. ..21 Si 1890 Minn. ..60
Conn. ....... 2a. j 1908 Wis-? ... 63
Outline of the Affirmative Argument
2. Statements made by Johnson, a de
based murderer, are- quoted -as reasons
for restoring the death penalty.
Negative Argument 2. No one, of a
sane mind. - would accept; Johnson's.
judgment on any other subject. . Why
give him credence In this, important one
involving the lives of mothers? . J
Outline of the Affirmative Argument
3. Tlie effect of the . proposed amend
ment .will be to -give Juries authority to
except from the death, penalty. , -
A. Convictions based on circumstan
tial evidence.
B. PosslbiUty of perjured testimony.
C. . Character of accused may be such
as to give promise "of repentance and
of reform. Any other reason which may
secure Justice by life imprisonment.
D. Only the most flagrant cases will
receive the death penalty
Negative Argument 3. --There are in
prison in Salem at least three persons
convicted on circumstantial evidence.
A. Thomas Mott Osborne, ex-warden
of Sing Sing, - gives the following illus
tration of mistakes : -' :.'.'..
CASES RECALLED - W- ,,
Of the four gunmen electrocuted for
the Rosenthal murder two -were inno
cent. ; A lad named Bambrick, executed
because the government r would": not be
disturbed the night before an execution
so evidence, could not be presented of
his : innocence.' Governor- Dunn of IIHt
nois tells of a man who was rich enough
to get his appeal before the supreme
court. Meanwhile evidence was pro
duced showing that ' he was four miles
from the scene of : the 'Cripie for which
he 'was convicted and sentenced to be
hanged. ' : -' ' ' ' I -.
B. Leo Frank. In the Georgia case,
was convicted on the testimony of a
negro ' who -was strongly suspected of
being himself guilty.
Testimony by Oxraan,. proved to be.
perjured, would have hanged Thomas
Mooney if the governor naa not com
muted his .sentence to life imprison
ment. -
' C 'These Cases are justly cared tor
under the present law which also guards
against' a possible revenge verdict la
times of excitement when popular pas
sion influences juries. . i
D. Can the advocates of this amend
ment insure this result? Why risk the
possibility of injustice in order to reach
exceptional cases?: The legal murder of
Innocent persons is sufficient ground for
abolishing the death penalty.
Outline of the Affirmative Argument
4. : Capital punishment deters others
from like crime.
Negative Argument 4. This is a
popular but false argument. History
shows that it is not the severity but
the certainty of punishment that deters
from crime. Statistics show that more
crimes are committed in states having
capital punishment than in those pro
viding milder penalties. ..For, states per
100,000 population i L :' ;'
With C. P. 1 Without C P.
New York .. 4.8 Michigan .... 2.6
N. C ...... ..16.4 Minnesota ... 3.6
Ohio 5.5 Wisconsin ... 2 J
Missouri 9.1. Kansas 6J
Montana 12.2 Wash. 7.4
Colorado' ....12.6 Maine ....... 1.8
New York's percentage ranges through
10 years from 4.1 per cent to 5.3 per
cent. If capital punishment is a deferent
Why does not crime decrease each year?
' .Moreover; legal hangings do not even
prevent lynchings as is shown by the
record of the Southern states, where
more persons are executed by mobs than
by law. Inhuman legal penalties edu
cate people to use' barbarous unlawful
methods of revenge. !
Outline of the Affirmative Argument
5. Capital punishment, protects society.'
Negative Argument S. The above tlg-
ures indicate that society is less pro
tected by the death penalty than with
out it. -- . -.- r-. ': .
BIBLICAL QUOTATION
Outline of the Affirmative Argument
6. Teaching ' of the Bible claimed in
suport of capital punishment. . The Old
Testament contains a. command that
takers of human life shall be slain.
Jesus fdrbade private, but not 'corporate
vengeance. 1 f , .
: Negative Argument 6. Christians ac
cept the Old Testament as interpreted
by Jesus Christ. The New Testament
is often opposed to the Old Testament
in ' the spirit of its teaching, in none
more . so than in forbidding retaliation
-and the spirit of revenge. .
- Concerning some ' traditional teaching,
Jesus said, "It was said to you by them
of old time 'an eye for an eye -and -a
tooth for a tooth,' but I say unto you :
Resist not evil Love your enemies
Da good to them that hate you." Thus
Jesus forbids all teaching and action
contrary to the law of love. On one
occasion (St. Luke IX, '56). Jesus, on
his way to Jerusalem with his disciples,
was refused hospitality by the Samari
tans. . - x . -i
Because of the traditional hatred be
tween Jews and Samaritans this angered
James and John, who said: "Master,
shall we call down fire from Heaven
and consume them, as Elijah did-" . He
turned to them and .said, "Ye know not
what spirit ye are of, for the .Son of
Man came not to destroy men's lives,
but to save them." -
Society, which cannot give life, has
no right to take, human lifac by so
doing, it sets a bad example to its in
dividual members to go and do likewise.
Because crime springs out of bad in
heritance and environment, society must
share responsibility tor it and teach all
to bear one another's burdens and so
fulfill the law of Christ, which is the
spirit of humanity that is pushing out
the . old savage spirit of revenge with
its evil traditions and cruel customs,' of
which capital punishment is one of the
last vestiges.--: .';.."vv';
PSYCHOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS
Outline of the Affirmative Argument
7. Psychological argument- (not ad
vanced, however, by soand psychology)
is that all criminals are simply mentally
sick and should' be coddled and cured,
not electrocuted. . ' ' j '. -
Negative Argument 7. It is being
continually stated by sound psycholo
gists, with ' years of practical ex per ience
with the delinquent and criminal classes,
that the persistent criminal or delin
quent Is a "not-normal person." Careful
Investigation, corroborated and covering
a long period of years has clearly dem
onstrated that there is something wrong
bi the mental make up, the environment
or the education of those criminally in
clined.' This is not a matter of senti
ment but one of cold, scientific fact.
Sound psychologists do not maintain
that these criminals "should be coddled
and cured" coddled, never cured, cer
tainly, - If it Is In our power to do so.
To "cure" criminals is as important a
function of organized society as pro
viding treatment for the insane or the
physically ill. Sound psychology is not
against the death penalty if it is the
best method to accomplish the purpose
of a civilized and democratic society,
namely, to safeguard the fundamental
rights of life, liberty and the pursuit of
happiness for all. But it is denied that
electrocution or hanging are either of
them among the best methods. They are
undoubtedly the easiest ways out, but
far from necessarily the best.
Outline of the Affirmative Argument
8. ' "Those who have practically dealt
with : -crime ' say that there are three
classes of criminals: 1) The mentally
defective who is dangerous; 2) the
willful and wicked miscreant;' 3) the
careless youth who unintentionally de
velops into a criminaL",
' Negative . Argument 8. Those who
deal practically with crime deny that
criminals are devisible into three classes.
Each offender is in a class by himself,
different factors having been . operative
in producing each offender. It is for
this reason that diagnosis and investiga
tion, both mentally and socially, are be
coming recognized as necessary pre
liminaries to treatment.
BEGABDI9G SEXTIMEJIT
i Outline of the Affirmative Argument
9. Humanitarian argument saysx"Let
us not be weakly sentimental."
Negative Argument 9. Is it senti
mental to refuse to- be a party to the
killing of men though committed in the
name ox the state? Every person who
votes to hang a man is morally respon
sible for murder. Brutality begets bru
tality. Such elimination bi a sowing of
dragon's teeth.
-If society may execute murderers to
get rid of the unfit, why stop with one
type? Why not make a clean sweep of
insane feeble minded, degenerates and
aU who are a burden, a liability and
not an asset to society? Why not?
Because humane people would not al
low it. Why allow it then in the one
case which is. only the most prominent
example of the weak, i. e., those who
Superior Work
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BUTTONS
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Room 618 Oregon
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297 WASHINGTON, Bet. 4th aad tth
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li-Poundl-oaf Day-Old Bread .... . 10c
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do not or cannot practice self control?
. The Christian precept, "We that are
strong ought to bear -the burdens of
the weak," is he only humane attitude
toward social derelicts. Those who can
not practice self control should be kept
shut away from the society of their fel
lows. Those who do not, but can be
taught self control, should be educated
until they can return as social units to
society. . -,.'
In i regard to both ' classea we must
observe the Golden Rule. -
la "voting to hang men a "doing unto
them as we -would they should do unto
us" as citizens of Oregon?
' Outline of the Affirmative Argument
10. "A person who wilfully commits
murder thereby writes his own doom
the state merely executes the. Judgment."
; Negative Argument 10, As to the
justice of this contention where ia the
basis of justice save in the law of right
The state cannot give life ; hence it has
no right to take life, - A suicide takes
his own life. An executed person, like
any other murdered person, has his Ufa
taken. Because one man stains his soul
with murder, must the entire population
of a state do likewise? Do the people
of Oregon want to be a party to such
murder? '
Four Days by Skis,
Two Hours by Aero
North Park. Col., May 15. (I. N.S.)
J. H. Dickens, wealthy rancher, con
sumed four days m journeying from his
snowbound home here to Denver on
skis and by sled, so he decided to "make
up for lost time" on the ' return trip.
Leaving Denver at S o'clock In the morn
ing, in an -airplane.. Dickens arrived
home shortly after 10 km:, consuming
littre more than' two hours. In the 80-odd
mile flight. - ..' -. , .
Jingle of Gold Is
' Once More Heard
San Francisco. May 15. CL-N. S-)--"The
days of old, the days of gold" are
to return, 5 For the first time since 191
the mint here is again turning out gold
coins. Eagles and double eagles are be
ing coined, but no $5 gold pieces. Dear
to the hearts of all Californlans and all
Westerners the gold coins once so fa
miliar before the invasion of paper
money will again be obtainable, although
it is expected the number to be turned
e Oregott (Brill
Not only famous
for its delightful aft
ertheatre supp e rs,
where music and
dancing'' add to the
evening's enjoyment
-but an ideal, cool
and quiet spot for
the
Noon
Hour
Lunch
(60c)
Patronized by Port
land's business and
professional men, as
well as by the ladies
who appreciate a
tempting cuisine, po
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, atmosphere of lux
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A. H. Meyers
Manager
Broadway and Stark
STOP
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LISTEN
BREAD!
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out at the local mint will scarcely meet
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8 Reasons Given for
Girls Leaving Home
San Francisco, May 13. (I. N. S.)
There are .eight reasons "wby girls
leave home." This was the declaration
of Dr. James L. Cordon in a sermon at
the First Congregational church. The
reasons are these : To see the world.
To secure an .education. For financial
gain and advantage. ItecauHe the boys
In the family receive more conHideratlon
than the girls. To secure the social
recognition tha.t 1b. denied them In a
town or village. Because of the lack
of tact on the part of parents. To re
lieve the heart of a great sorrow. Some
times, but not: often, to cover up a
mistake or blunder.
Pigs Run Wild When
They Fill Up on Wino
Pinole, Cel., May 15. (I. N. 8.) The
lowly porker generally Is an object of
contempt. But three pigs were regard
ed enviously by the thirsty here recently
when they painted the town rod for an
hour or two. The properly of Antonio
Ouisipe, the three porkers became the
sole beneficiaries of a barrel of wino
dumped into their pen by stern federal
officers who conflBcated it from An
tonio. The pigv ran amuck and were
captured only with difficulty.
Here's Your Opportunity
i 3W
THIS IS THE PLACE
ujni (if-
AND THIS IS THE CAR
HERE IS TIIH T'HOI "ORITION :
Tou can buy this 1917 I'aixe abHO
lutely at your own price. It Is the
. 7-passeriger moijl, has.Juwt txtun
painted, practically new top, five
. good tires, 1920 lici'iiso, niul 1 fruar
anteed to he mechanically pprtwt.
Tlie owner of this car wIkIh-h to
purchase a new KI(J 8, anil we
have promised to help hi nr. ('onio
in and look it over at No. 12KNrtti
Broadway, and If you mean biml
liess try it out enywiicrn you like.
Then make up your mind what It In
worth to you and give us an offr
In writing. Your offnr will ho
sealed in an 'nvelop' and plmvd
in the eafo until 'i:M) Ha turd ay aft
ernoon, May 22, All bids will q
opened at thaf tirni. -and th our
will hti dellvernd to the hiKhrat bul
der regardless pt the amount ot
tered. -
As an added Induicmrnt, the
Rubin Motor Car Co. l willing to
fly you terms of 40 per ciwit of
your bid down, and 10 month in
which to pay the balance. If you
have a entailer car to trade In, I
will five you a cash allowaiicn rf
all it in worth, and take it aa firnt
payment
Bids will be received AFTKIt 10
A. M SUNDAY, MAY 1, and w
will be open for bUHlnettM all day
Bunday, and every evvuliiK during
the week until & o'clock.
DON'T MISH THIS OIU'OP.Tt!
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128 . BROAUWAY OIV HOYT
. . OPP. EW POSTOfKICK
UN IO N
DENTISTS
Dr. Fred Mellish
M TEAR f!f PORTI.Ajri
HoncfC Conacientloua Uentlatry
Examination Free
231 MORRISON
'ORSEtt SECOND
TtLKPHONCi , MAIN f
Hinistefs Library
OF ABOUT l0t VOLLMKS
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HYLAND'S
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t4 FOCIITH 8TRKKT
net we d Taylor and ftatmoa
THE FRATERNAL
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LOS ANGELES, CALIF.
Furnishes protection to both ir.en
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also provides acamst Isi of time
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sums Of $50.00 to $500 month.
An up- and coming organization.
For Information, call J. D. SWORD,
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CALCULATOR
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