THE OREGON DAILY JOURNALS PO RTLAND. M6NDAY, APRIL 12, ,1820.
AX IWDEPENDE7TP HCTIPim
0. 8. : JACKSON Fabliebsc
(Be calm, be confidant, be ebeerral a ad do
Unto ethers as yoo woe, Id hee these ante rosl
Y-abhehs every Mk dT ed Ssader moraine.
: at Tine Journal Buildiag, Bnedway -aad xsav
. Bill etreet. Pwrtiand. Onm. '
latere at the totoffiee at Ponlaad, - Oresc.
' - lor Mnemtailon thrash tha SUUS M eacoad
elaae matter. .
TEUCFHOMCS Mais 7178, Auto m tie SSO-ai.
' All dxpartBMtta reached by that nahi
. ' TOREK ADVEBTI8INO BEPRBBEJfTATIVS
' Rmlanli. a, Kmtnor Co.. Brnaawtek Building.
S2S rtfth avenue. Hair -Tarts- Malleta
- 'v- BoUdiaC, CblrMo. " .
, SCBSCRBTIOM KATES
' " " By carrier, eHy and country
'- One weak.-...,. 8 .16 I One month .
DAILY J BUN DAT ' .
'Ona week,..,., .1 I Om week. . , . .
On Month.. . . . .45
BT MAIL ALL BATES PAYABLE W ADVANCE
i - DAILY AND SUN DAT
' Ona mr M I Thraa montha.. .12.85
Six SjoaUM
4.26 I "Ona month.
76
, DAILY ':' "
(Without Sander)
Ona rear.. 100
Six month..... JS
THra moatba. . . I TS
Ona taoath. . , , . .60
iH-- I WEEKLY
(Every Wednesday)
Ona ...... 11.00
Si maataa.; . . . .60
SUNDAY
lOnlTl i ,
Ona aar.;.. .11.00
Stx months.. . . . 1.78
Thraa month. . . 1.00
WEEKLY AND
HfTNDAY
Ona aar.....I60
TfeflM nfd ftfmlv anlv In tb Waat.
Rata to Eaaum pointa fnmiihwl ob ppUf
tion. i Uaka ramlttaaea br Uonn Order. Expfaaj
IM a Ttntt If m, Daatofnca la not 6
SCoaay Otdar Offtea, 1 or 9-eat numpt will ba
' aanaptad. Maka al tcmittancaa aayaoia vo m
ooimi. roruana. oracoa
Tha saar moat ba wftalr Wtad and
Ubafaltr sand for. aa that maadtoity ahall
at ba tamptad Into mandwntj, ar wast
aiaaparatad into erima. Bobact Cblriai
Winthiap.
j LET HIM VOTE
rpHB Woodmere Community club, in
1 I a letter to the city counci)r de
mands that the municipal government
take steps to relieve the car riders of
the excess burdens imposed upon
them through continued collection of
fixed charges against the Portland
Railway, Ught d Power company.
In the event, of failure of the council
to act in behalf of its constituents,
the! club threatens to appeal to "other
tribunals" for relief from the unjust
unfair end discriminatory burdens
' vyhatever may be the final solution
- of the railway problem, whether it be
Increased fares, reorganization of op
. eration, elimination of expense, or
municipal control, partial or complete,
no jadjustment will be permanent un
tit at least a portion of the burden
that now rests entirely on the shoul
ders of the car rider Is removed.
1, Elimination of the fixed charges will
sot meet the sum the railway com
pany claims is essential to place it on
;,a firm financial basis. But even if
removal of the charges means only a
reduction of a quarter of a penny in
a. Warfare, elimination is warranted,
evin demanded, by the moral issue
2 Involved. No permanent structure can
be! reared on a foundation reeking
with inequalities, injustice and dis
crimination. . The Woodmere car riders are
' aroused. They propose to use their
power to gain their dues. And there
are hosts of other car riders that may
Join with those in Woodmere to break
down the double taxation system that
has been Imposed upon them.
The public service commission after
debouncing the system under which
the car rider is gouged, recommended
in j an off iclal order that the fixed
charges be removed- M is within the
power of the city council to place the
matter on the ballot In May and give
th rider an opportunity to protect
himself.
- Inefficient rail and water term!
rials result in a thirty billion dollar
waste annually, according to a Chl-
cago statistician. The cost of haul
ing freight between Philadelphia and
New Tork Is only one thirteenth the
. expense of handling the freight at
the terminals of the two cities. An
tiquated equipment results in greater
waste among railroads than new
equipment -would cost. Under tha
national average 75 Cents will pay
either for hauling a ton of freight
240 miles or far handling it at one
: Ofj our terminals. Begins to look as
if efficient terminals represented not
cost but profits. ,.
TIME TO DECIDE
r A n confusing tangle of tes-
; 7 tlmony . incident to the senate
committee hearings on the establish
ment. of an American merchant ma
rine as conducted at Washington in
- February ' and March, few . facts
stand out distinctly.
The big shipping companies of
America want the United States gov
ernment to go out of the shipping
business.
. They want to buy the best of the
- government's ships at $100 a ton or
less and, secure the allocation of the
inferior craa on the basis of such
; prices., . ; ' .
They answer the assertion that they
could not build ships for completion
six months henoe at less than $150 to
1175 a ton, by calling attention to the
fact , that Great Britain sold ships, to
companies that lost . tonnage during
the war, at a rate of'30 founds :at
a per pound value of $5 without dis
count. They also state that the for-
Sign tonna&e built bifore i14 which
survivea iae suDmanne, is usjea onjwe uj va..ci .uv.ua.,. ; ... i
shipowners' books at $50 to $60 k lonf The needs of hospitals, charities,
construction : cost, and that tohnage
sold now at high prices cannot com-1
pete with such vessels. , i
bat between the lines of the tedK
4 written testing another fact;
: less apparent.! me snip own era.
want to know what is to be Amerl-
c policy. Is the government to tip-
eraU the great, war-built merchant
marine or 1. It going to turn the craft
oyer to priYste American enterprises?:
W the government going to insist on!
keeping under the American flag,?
ships built on government account?
Of is it, in selling them, going to per
mit their transfer! to other registry?
.There may be a question as to
wither the government should
rect the establishment of the mer
chant marine or; entrust the task to
private hands at; cut prices for the
ships.
But there Is no doubt as to the;
justice or speeany crystauzing a pol
icy one way or the other, and no doutrtH
of the importance of requiring that4
wjhalever the policy otherwise, Amer-
lean built ships j shall sail tne seas I
under the American flag. 4
The American people are tired of
being without an! American merchant Urol of marketing to assure theni
marine. And now that America has ' selves the cost of producing fruits,
built and owns the ships, the people;
wfant no traitorous American capital
concerned more with dividends than
With the nation, to transfer those
ships to foreign registry.
Philadelphia is a much older city
than Portland but Philadelphia is
Just beginning to consider the pro-
Ject of cleaning her own streets. A
sum of 125,000 la to be set aside to of "profiteer" the extortionate tell
investigate the ; feasibility of the takers and the highwaymen on the
scheme. If the City of Brotherly road between . the producer and the
Liove will take a tip. from Portland consumed, Whether it be middle
the $35,000 can be diverted to some man, retailer or broker, the Individual
other use. Portland would not con-
eider anything other than a municl-
pal street cleaning system.
MOUNTING TRADE
PORTLAND'S foreign trade figures
v ror tne nrst tnree monins oi iwcu,
as quoted by the Chamber of Com-
merce, are nigniy. encouraging.' me
exports amounted to $14,561,582; the
imports to j,iz,so, ana me ioiai w
M7,mjo,W6.
lit Is always a healthful condition
when exports exceed imports, espe
cially when the i commodities of ex
portation are, as Is. the case here, sta-
pie ivcl yruuucw, BUU on .uuiuc. ,
four and fruit. The total shows that
the port is doing as much business in
a fourth of a year as it formerly did
In a year, even In prosperous times.
The constant growth In trade is aptly
phrased in the Chamber of Commerce
statement as follows: j
! It is not easy to follow the rapidly
lnrTAs.alnr trade of the Dort. The chan res
came raoidlv. Additional sMds are a.1-1
Sport.ocX'anrf. or"
next; a new foreign 'line selects Port
land as a terminus one day, and then
comes word that certain forelrn buyers
have purchased large quantities of this
".f0'7'-0'-?-!
not half tell the story, but explains
whv Mr. Averare Citizen can not arasD
the importance .of the kaleidoscopli
uiaiikcs ill vui Diiuaiivii. i
iThe commerce! growth of the port
is stable: SO long as we sell our sur
plus of production elsewhere and use
the money'reoelved in payment for
new development and greater produce
tioB,,therer wlll be a constant and
.
c-r nvvlnjr Hamand for tha nop nf farm,
in.i f.MUH. and fnr ih Amninvm-nt
4im amwn m. v ' a l , ,
of the steamship lines that serve the
port.
At the risk of an exodus of Wal-
tonltes who, so far this unfavorable
season have been unable to get a
bite, the assertion of the explorer
naturalist, Robert Cushman Murphy,
is here repeated, that in the coastal
waters of Peru there are enough fish
to feed the world. j
i
THE COMMUNITY CHEST
FOR some time prior to 1918 men m-
terested In Detroit's welfare were
ii.Zr.T Er JL
disunited giving, i They saw the commui-
nlty grow weary of tag- days, charity ba-
taara. rumraaea sales and money raisins
campaigns crowding; closely on one an-
Other,, which meant constant dunllca-
tion of effort and an enormous waste of
time and. money. ,
Thus the Detroit patriotic fund ex-
plains why the national automobile
fcenter adopted a plan to coordinate
ill public appeals for funds and hold
tut one drive ar year
iA similar plan in Portland is of
ered by the presidents' council of
ivio and business clubs, under the
riwro tt : erS T n in.
The contributors to charity and other
public funds assumed the- task of or
ganizing their own giving. They
lifted from the shoulders of the exi-
eoutlves of 56 organizations the ever
pnerous and vitality consuming burj
en of being primarily money beg
gars and, secondally, social- servant.
Approved Duiiaing programs were
added to administration budgets. The
f!eea8 l a :Lye-ytff PCrl? Tr V8U"
mated by the officers of the bene-
ficiary organfcatlons and by the cen-
ral diroatlna- anmmHta. !n. .. ...
tn ...a. i
1 a man nr -ivina- .ffHn,
Mude. ratherthan laeTew who mu-
ally contribute to all funds, was
ladopted. It asked for 10 per cent of
$300,000 Incomes,. 5 per cent of in
eomes from $60,000 to $100,000; '3 per
cent of incomes irom $10,000 to $20,
000; iM. per cent of incomes from
$3000 to $5000; ; two days pay from
persona earning less than $3000 an
nually; i ler Cent of the net esrninas
of corporations, . ; ?
When the total budget was asseffi-
bled It was found to reach the total
of $3,250,000. Yet this amount was
less than -the, organisations would
havs sought separately.- It was raised,
including a contingency fund of tini. -
500, in less time with1 more people
giving . more cheerfully and confl-
jdently than had ever been possible to
the km uross, n. m. u. a., visum?
nurses, foreign relief agencies such
o me comminee w ua m Anuew,
Armr. Jewish Mrnvf
XTJi h.
- ,-,
! .""SSf
T .i?." Z fwi
k.i; An
uId lt,,
t "S
ul Int0 wrlUn " Pitude for the
enange. , ;
Many farmers are studying farm
accounting in the courses given by
the department of agriculture in 16
lZTZ ind If
farms are hereafter to require an
office force! there may be an exodus
from the cities to the farms.
pnfir.TTf,Tta ANTJ profiteers
a MERICA . presents two groups
r keenly concerned in prices paid
by consumers for .the products of
general demand;
in one group are the organized pro
duoers who seek by cooperative coh-
grains, wool, vegetables and milk. To
their persuasive arguments the con-
sumer turns a receptive ear. He is
always willing that the producer
should be compensated for his es
sential services and ever opposed to
the Influences, that seek to exploit
him.
in the other group are those who
are stigmatized under the ugly name
who seeks to reap where he has not
sown and to be paid for service uh-
rendered, is constantly the object nf
distrust and dislike
In this day of high prices, it is time
tnr fha i.nnaiiminr nnhlln to diffp.rPTl-
tlate between the two groups. The
orfM4Ur. who are nrenarln: for co-
operattve marketing and want only
- reasonable return deserve suDDOf t.
extortionate toll takers and the
highwaymen of trade deserve elimi
nation. In the future, issues will
i between the two touds and
the winner will be the group rein
forced by public sentiment,
nmrtmlr, TVMia-laa r tr. tn RrltiH
Columbia produce extremeiy 8Wet
sugar valued at $66 a pound.
Has
nature turned profiteer?
SAFETY TRAINING
GUARDIANS of public safety must
be such in fact. Unless police-
men use iudsment and exercise self
the' endanger safety more
than they protect it. , j
a fw rlavs a art Kvn nnlir officer,
A le,V j18'8 f0 A p"ce orcers
compelled an intoxicated man whom
tney had placed under arrest, td drve
,. .. . ,i
his own machine three miles to police
headquarters. The inebriate steered a
sfnuous and erratic course, endanger
ing other vehicles. He had constantly
to be restrained from a disposition to
speed. Good judgment would have
trec the police officers to forbid
him driving the machine wh.le ntoxl-
ifllni at An thntiirh lha aafrA St its a a
r""' w.wu0" "i w va-
sengers. Inquiry disclosed the fact
that the two officers were new men
and had been sent out without "train
ing or instruction. Further investi
gation showed that the police bureau
lacks a draining school for officers,
More vividly in the public mind Us
the unfortunate Incident in the lobby
of the police station when Wayne
Cason, a drink-crazed youth, was
killed by an apparently accidental
shot from an officer's revolver. But
this wayward youngster instead -of
being handcuffed by the officers I at
the time' of his arrest, was beaten by
them," tne coroners jury discovered,
Had not the rule been violated requir-
ta& that every officer must keep the
- . . . . , .
empty chamber, under the hammer ; of
his revolver, the weapon could Dot
have beeh accidentally discharged.
-u. r,.i: t 1.1 i i.ii
.",cf vi ,f "l ! JC ,1"8 wte"
steps to call his captains, lieutenants
and eergennts togethtr for instruction,
Pstrolmen ought to be trained sys-
tematically before they assume their
n"'e8- The excellent purposes of the
present police administration will thus
be made! attainable.
THE BITER BITTEN
rthwst
Z.;X"ta Z.ZZ
that city; headquarters. -Seattle frowns
and snarls at the jlan to mate San
Francisco permanent headquarters: of
all Pacific coast shipping board dis
tricts. The Seattle Times says
It is idle to assume that with repair
ana operations oi uie anippina; ooa.ru con
I centrated in one coast city, that that City
I The mere fact that all transactions
ated hundredTf mile.' disSnTfrm
Seattle win ..be- a serious handicap; on
eot?2"I?1l ?.!mf!Sfl?,tv...
1 osiwra ww,uubu; auou. uo
advantages of coordination and cbn-
solidation when made headquarters of
f ct, which Included
Portland. :. "
: Seattle squeals when ' the biter is
bitten. L
1 Seattle has Joined Portland by a
five to one vote tn agreeing to keep
hands off the clock In the matter
of daylight saving. But the East,
wWch la daily lighted by the sun
j some three hours earlier Cham in trsa.
vVesW 'eels differently. Daylight
ving ordinance hava been adopted
by; the following: : In New Tock
New. Tork city, Buffalo, 7 Coffee
j Troy, Utlca, Syracuse. Yonkers and
1 Gloversville. ; New Jersey Camden,
1 PlainfleldV New. - Brunswick, . Hobo-
ken, Jersey City. Maasachosetti
Clinton. Lynn. Marlboro,' Wacstsr.
Pennsylvania PhIUdeIphia,'"Pltts-
burgk: Corey.- Allsntown, Bartisburg.
Baston. Connecticut Hartford.
Putnam. Maine Portland, South
Portland. New Hampshire -Manchester."
Michigan Detroit, St. Jo
seph. ColoradoDenver. ; , Ohio-
Columbus. Delaware Wilmington. &
THE TREATY AND
-THE SENATE
NO.
League's Foes Made a Great Clamor
About Their Domestic Quae-. ;
tions Reservation ; 1
By Carl Smith. Waihi&fton Staff Corraapoa.
eat of The Journal. -Waahlnrton.
April 12. The aueation
of a reservation on domestic questions
was one of the most troublesome in the
treaty discussion In the senate, and; the
text first proposed by Senator Lodge
from the committee on foreign relations
was several times revised. To under
stand the divergent views concerning it.
the provision of the league covenant
and the reservations must be first stated.
The provision of the league "covenant
to which this reservation applies Is found
In Article XV of that instrument, and
reads:
"If the dispute between the parties is
claimed by one of them, and is found by
the council to arise out of a matter
which by international law is solely
within the domestic -jurisdiction of that
party, ' the council ahall so report, ' and
shall make no recommendation as to its
settlement" .
Critics of the league objected that in
ternational law does not clearly define
what are domestic questions ; that under
uua provision, the council of the league
would pass Judgment it any1 particular
case as to wnetner It would assume Ju
risdiction, and that the United States
might be obliged to submit . some dis
pute to the league which it regarded aa
domestic. 4
In reply, it was aaid that there would
be only a remote chncefor such a
controversy, as the field of domestic
questlona Is fairly well covered by In
ternational law; that In any events the
vote of the council would have to.be
unanimous that a question was not do
mestic before the council would take it
up, exclusive always of the parties to
the dispute, and that any effort to
write special favors into the. league by
this country would be subversive of the
principles of the league, where nationa
are equals and supposed to stand on the
same basis.
The Lodge reservation as finally form
ulated and adopted reads:
"The United States reserves to itself
exclusively the right to decide what
questions are within its domestic ftirls-
diction and declares thst all domestic
and political questions relating wholly
or in part to" its internal affairs, includ
ing immigration, labor, coastwise traf-
fio, the tariff, commerce, the suppres-
s.on or traffic in women and children
and In opium and other dangerous drugs,
and all ether domestic questions.'; are
solely within the .Jurisdiction of the
United States, and 'are not under' this
treaty to be submitted in any way either
t. arbitration or to the consideration
of the council or of the assembly of the
Leaguevor Nations, or any agency there
of, or to the decision or recommenda
tion of any other power."
In place of this. Senator Hitchcock.
the administration leader, proposed the
lo llo wing:
That no member nation is reauired
to Submit to the league, its council, or
its assembly, for decision, report, or
recomendatlon, . any matter which it
considers to be a domestic question.
such as Immigration, labor, tariff, or
other matter relating to its internal Or
coastwise affairs:"
Hitchcock explained that he never con
sidered a reservation necessary on the
score of any danger to the United States,
and that he Introduced It in the hope
that it might secure the votes of sens
tort "who had -become obsessed with
the idea that their reservations are more
Important than the league itself."
He did agree that under the treaty as
it stands the council has power to act
in deciding what is a domestic question
It a dispute arose on that point, but he
argued that if the United States reserved
the right to decide for itself what ques
tions - are domestic, it should grant the
same privilege to the other nations in the
league.
The only difference between it and
the reservation presented on the other
side," said Hitchcock during; the debate.
Is that this reservation of mine leaves
the United States an equal with other
rations. It claims no rights; exclusively
for the United States, but accords to the
oth-rs the, same rights which we claim
for ourselves over our domestic mat
ters."
:
Republican senators aaaailed ' the
Hitchcock reservation as being In. fact
an amendment, because it applied to aU
members of the league. After long de
bate centering around this point Hitch
cock modified his substitute to make it
apply to the United States alone. . The
Hitchcock reservation was rejected by
a vote of SS to 44, a strict party ) vote,
except that Reed and Shields, Democrats,
voted in the negative. . t
The Lodge reservation was then agreed
to, 66 to 25, the following Democrats
voting for It: Ashurst, Chamberlain
Cror Nugent, Phelan, Pittman, Reed,
Shields, Smith of Georgia, Thomas and
Trammell.
Borah, during the debate, contended
that there had not been a question raised
Since the League of Nations: was formed
in which it had attempted to take Juris
diction "that has not been essentially
a domestic question," and asserted the
fear that the league would regard
nothing as a domestic question. ' $
An opposite view was expressed by
Senator McNary in a speech referring
to the .exclusion of domestic questions
from consideration by the terms of the
covenant, when he said:
"Those opposed argue . that the
language does not place important mat
ters of domestic concern, like immigra
tion and tariff, out of the Jurisdiction of
the council or of the assembly. They
propose reservations exempting the con
sideration of these matters from the
league. This action I think unnecessary.
for the reason that the highest tribunal
in our land has decided that by the rules
of international law subjects of this kind
are absolutely and exclusively within the
jurisdiction of this country, inherent
a right of sovereignty and, therefore, im
possible of alienation by treaty.
After citing the authority of the su
preme court in several cases, McNary
continued r i
"Sharing tha belief that our supreme
court has correctly stated the rule of
International law as applied to a nation's
internal affairs,. can find no serious
complaint with a policy that ahall annex
a resolution to the treaty redefining an
established doc trine of the law of na
tions. This action of the senate, in my
opinion, would not be an amendment nor
Change of treaty in substance requiting
ratification. While a work of Suner-
tloh, if found -comforting it would have
have its own reward." , -
The McNary view is the same
President Wilson's view. In his speech
at San Francisco, September 17a ISIS,
the- president referred to those who were
"nervous about domestic questions," and
said: , r , ' ' - -
;, "They say t IS Intolerable to ! think
that the League of Nations should' inter
fere with domestic questions,' and when-
ever they begin t& specify they speak of
the question of Immigration, of the ques
tion of naturalisation; j of (he question
of the tariff. - My fellow ciUsens, no
competent or authoritative student of
International law would dream of main
taining that these -ware anything but
exclusively domestic . questions, : and the
covenant of the leagu expressly pro
vides that the league can take no action
whatever about matters which are In
the practice of International law regard
ad aa domestic questions.
"We did not undertake to enumerate
samples of domestic questlona for the
very good reason, which wiU occur to
any lawyer, that if you made a list It
would be Inferred that what you left
out was not Included.? .
What the president said about "mak
ing a list," and the difficulties of Inter
pretation which may follow, was not
regarded by those who drafted the Lodge
reservation. It "makes a list," and the
very objection mentioned by the presi
dent waa a subject of debate In the
senate and formed a part of the objec
tions offered to the Lodge reservation,
it
Another point in the president's San
Francisco speech, should be recorded.
He pointed out that the United States
Is not the only country Jealous of Its
sovereignty, and that! throughout tne
peace conference other countries were
as keen to protect themselves against
possible Intervention. In domestic affairs
as was the United States. Senator Mc-
Nary made the same point, saying:
"A stronger reason 1 Interposes Its un
yielding force, and that Is that ques
tions of a domestic character will never
arise to embarrass this nation, for the
reason that the great white race, the
dominant peoples of the league in tne
sense of civilisation and power, is as
Jealous of its sovereign rights to adjust
all domestic questions as we are."
The next article in this series will dis
cuss the reservation on the Monroe doc
trine.
Letters From: the People
1 Com munina. tion sent to Tha Journal for
publication in this department ahoald ba written
en only one Mr of the paper, should not exceed
800 word ia lenftb and muit ba ncned by tha
writer whose bmjI addraat -in full must eeoonv
paojr the contribution.
WHEN LEAGUERS- COME
Dayton, April 8. To the Editor of The
Journal Your Series :of articles entitled
When Leaguers Come" I will change a
little and finish for you. when leaguers
Come, wiU the farmers and city workers
join the league as they ' have In other
states? This raises another question
Why shouldn't they?;
Agriculturists, prior ' to the late war,
existed In the face of great difficulties.
They- bought at retail9 and sold at whole
sale, as one great mam safa, and the re
suit is well summed; up by the United
States public land commission's report
in 1905. which stated: 'There exists and
Is spreading in the West a tenant or
hired labor system which not only repre
sents a relatively low industrial develop
ment, but whose further development
carries with . it a most serious threat.
Politically, socially and economically,
this system Is indefensible." j
Prices "on farm products are hot fixed
by supply and demand. That law has j
been suspended by the boards of trade
and chambers of commerce, and millions
of bushels of grain are -bought and sold
that never existed, and by bidding the
members of these organisations can
"bear" the market down or "bull" the
market up at will. At a hearing before
the house committee on agriculture at
Washington, May 29, 1917, Benjamin
Drake, a Minneapolis attorney, testified
(eee house report 4610, 1917, i ;e 473) :
"In the Chicago market you ha.ve prac
tically 3000 bushels of wind sold and
bought for every bushel of real grain."
I bave a fine field of wheat which
promises a good crop, and as the gov
ernment's price ends in June and things
in general are again assuming a peace
time basis, I hate to think of the grain
gamblers dictating to me a price below
cost, - which is very apt to happen.
.The memberships of these "price fix
ing" concerns are confined to millers.
commission men, warehouse men, bank
ers, etc., and farmers and farmers' or
ganisations are excluded from partici
pating In their workings. The Minne
sota Farmers Exchange was excluded
after it had acquired i a membership at
a cost of 14200. ,
These conditions have sent thousands
of farmers and farmers' families to cities
to compete with the city workmen in
the labor market, and have swelled the
class of 'the unemployed, have lowered
the wage of the city worker, raised rents,
raised the price of food by cutting down
production, and have helped to cause the
cities to establish their free soup houses,
etc.
What is going to be done? The farmer
is waking up. The farmers of North
Dakota have revolted' and are going to
take their produce entirely out of the
control of the grain gamblers. They are
gcing to establish state owned mills and
elevators and handle, theif own grain
and manufacture the i by-products. This
calls for money, and knowing they could
not depend on the bankers for the neces
sary finances they established the Bank
of North Dakota, which will control
around 1100,000,000. They bave cone an
other step and Intend to provide homes
and farms for the people by their pay
ing 20 per cent of the purchase price
and the balance over a period of 20
years. They are also; lending money to
the farmer on the amortisation plan.
The farmer pays interest for his loan
and at the end of a period of years
his principal ia paid off by the interest
he has paid, leaving his place clear.
All these undertakings are handled by
an Industrial commission, which has
great powers and can establish dis
tributing agencies in foreign countries
In case the opposing forces bring about
a boycott, and When I they have had to
fight everyone from a i Minneapolis baker
to a Wall street broker, such a boycott
would not be a surprise.
Ana nare is wnere tne uregon jj airy-
men s league can take a Up. establish
ing these by-products corporations, be
cause tha forces they, have already met
are no respecters of persons and will
play their last card to win.
So the question is, ' Are the producers
of this state going to join hands with
the leaguers, who have already spread
to Texas on the south and Wisconsin on
the north, to Washington on the west
and Iowa on the east and havs become
the greatest organised force for reform
this country has ever seen or are they
going to stand aloof and stake their all
with the forces of the past 7
W.; E. Orabenhorst
Olden Qregron
Harsh Law Against Free Negroes Was
... Enacted in 1144.
. The adoption of the ordinance of 1787
as the basis of the organic law of Ore
gon made the territory free soil. Special
legislation, however, on the subject of
slavery followed in 1144 which not only
prohibited bringing In slaves, but also
prohibited the presence of free negroes.
Such already in the . territory, If male.
were given two years and If female three
years. In which to get: out of the territory
after the passage of the law. The pen
alty for disobedience was, on conviction.
from 30 to 89 stripes upon the bare back.
So contrary was thai law to th Spirit
of " free institution that it was seen
amended by repealing the penalty pre
scribed and providing that the offend
ers might be hired to- persons who would
give bond to remove them out of the ter
ritory In a reasonable time, pending
which the bondsman was entitled , to the
labor of the offender.-
COMMENT AND.
SMALL CHANGE. -
aFseaasaajaaBB . '
The next day it rained. .
- a
Score one wonderful Sunday.
a.. .
Tale ether woman la tha eaaa la often
"the" woman.- .
An
other neoDla must dla in order that
the undertaker may live. ,
a . a : -Men
whOM onlv ' books aura woman's
loo lea are students of folly. .
.
There must have been a lot of lone
some garages in town yesterday.
'Whan a man la down his enemies atoa
kicking him and his friends begin.
There la mora atvla about aoma board.
big houses now than there la grub.
A woman" will nardon lack of sense
quicker than ahe will lack of manners.
It's a poor day Indeed in these ad.
vanced times that doesn't see some new
aviauon record broken.
Never luda-a a man hr tha alllr
brella he carries: he mav have left a
conon one aomewnere in its place.
MORE OR LESS PERSONAL
.. j . j ail i ii : '
Random Observations Abut Fdwn
Are Seattle Chamber of Commerce
officials on a still hunt to discover how
It Is done tn Portland? Saturday's reg
ister at the Multnomah hotel showed
the name of the vice president of the
Seattle body and soon thereafter ap
peared the name of K. J. Middleton.
vice chairman of . the trade bureau of
the Seattle chamber. Middleton, how
ever, has other claims to distinction. He
is general manager for Dowell A Co.. an
important Puget sound firm. Ralph T.
Jones, office manager for another Seat
tle institution, was a Multnomah hotel
guest over the week-end.
Mrs. John Hlles, Miss Pearl and Miss
Alice Hlles. Mrs. T. W. Tern pi in, John
H. and F. W. Templln. arrived at the
Imperial hotel Saturday en route to
their home at London, Canada, after a
tour through California.
Mr. and Mrs. F. D. Small are among
the Tillamook folk who found Portland
to their liking over the week-end. T.
W. Armstrong was another of the cheese
city's citizens In town. The Smalls
snd Armstrong were registered at the
Oregon hotel.
a a
Following close upon the trail of his
relatives, who were guests at the Port
land hotel a day or so ago. Ben Alex
ander of Wausau, Wis., arrived in Port
land Saturday. The Alexanders are
extensive holders of timber lands, and
are identified with the lumber Industry
at home aa well as around Silverton, Or.
- . .
Henry J. Bean, associate justice of
the state supremo court and all too In
frequent a visitor in Portland, came to
the big city Saturday to spend the week
end. He made his' headquarters at the
Seward hotel.
Don Carlos Boyd, editor, manager.
publisher, treasurer, secretary and fore
man printer of the Junction City Times,
is In again. As usual, he s stopping at
the Perkins hotel. Junction City, Lane
eeAnty, isn't very sadly behind the
times, for it has had a creditable news
paper since 1891 29 years, to be exact
and it's still going strong.
Mr. and Mrs. Norman L. Bassett ar
rived at the MuHnomah hotel Saturday
from Indianapolis, where Bassett Is
ticket agent at the big union station.
He represents as many railroads, al
most, aa did William G. McAdoo when
he was running the nation's transporta
tion facilities. According to reports,
Bassett sells the tickets for the C. L
& L. ; C. I. & W. ; L, E. W. ; P. C. C.
& St L. ; C. C. C. St. L. and the L C.
railways. If thf reader knows what
they mean he knows a lot more than
the man who told the reporter who Bas
sett is.
James H. Hinkle of Monmouth and C.
D. Calbreath of Independence are a
brace of Polk county gentlemen In the
city for a brief stay. They were guests'
IMPRESSIONS AND OBSERVATIONS
OF THE JOURNAL MAN
By Fred
r An aiAitin aniaoda of tha days Ttt pre-
cedinc tha cam war la recoamaa or . -
RVl 1I HI, WVIM'U... .aw, ii
leT't sketch ot tha career of thla remarkable
sun. A typical "proeram" of thoee days, re
produced by Mr. Matlock, ia of aistorto interest
"Joe" Matlock of Eugene has been
teacher, farmer, county official, state
senator, hotelkeeper, miner, merchant.
city councilman, mayor and stockman.
Though be was born on Marcn s, Xooj,
and la over 81 yeare old. his interest in
current events la aa keen as It ever
waa When I visited him recently at his
home in Eugene he told me not only of
the early days of Eugene, out or its pres
ent activity and Jtu future promise.
"In 1884 I bought T. G. Hendricks'
Stock of merchandise," said Mr. Matlock,
"and shortly thereafter I built the Matlock
building. Thirty-five years ago it was
considered the last word in modern store
buildings. In 1897 I closed out my store
and took part in the rusn to tne K-ion-dyke.l
JPor two years I ran a road ho use
at Lake Bennett I bought caribou, moose
and bear meat to sell to the miners,
as well aa running a storage business.
Later I bought and sold miners' outfits.
Would-be miners who couldn't stand the
gaff would sell their outfits for almost
nothing, glad to get out of the country.
I cleaned up over 110.000. which I took to
n. That wlntait I Added 14000
rsa WW Wft a,e - -" i " v
more to my pile by trading there.
"I decided to go to the -new beach
diareinrs at Nome, so with my
family I want sown tne x uaon
to St Micnaeia ana mence to
Nome. I reachedthere July L 1900.
Smallpox had broken out, so I took the
first steamer for outside. I came back
to Eugene and bought a store, which
I turned over to my son, for I had been
tn the harness SO years and decided to
take H easy the rest, of my Ufa. That
was 20 years ago.
Tes, that's right; I promised to tell
you something of the Eugene of CO years
ago. I started in as a -student at Co
lumbia college at Eugene in the fall of
1861 Hare In our family Blbls I bave
kept a program of the 'exercises of Co
lumbia collage for April S, 1M0. Pro
fessor Ryan was president of the col
lege. After music and prayer P. M.
Curry gave the prologue. 3. V. Watson
gave a reading. He became a circuit
Judge later. J. 3. Henderson gave a
declamation.. He was a son of James
H. D. Henderson, a newspaperman and
minister from Kentucky who had a farm
a few miles out from Eugene. He was
elected to congress ln.lM. Mlaa M.
3. McAlexander gave a reading from the
Gaaette. Then came a dialogue by A.
P. Smelling, 3. J. Henderson, William
Brattaln and 3. R. NelL Neil was later
county judge of Jaokson - county for a
long time. iW. H. Byars gave a read
ing. He became surveyor general of the
state and tor many years lived at
Salem.; W.'J. White gave a 'declama
tion, and I followed him by reading an
essay: My essay nearly . broke up the
, r it
NEWS IN BRIEF
. SIDELIGHTS -
" ri 4 "aaaaeaaaaasssawe,
"Just the saUie." declares the Pendle
ton East Oresbnlan, "eur fire depart
ment usually puts out a fire very quick
ly, and we hae a fire chief who Is a
regular hourkftwhen It comes to fire
prevention. C&e us credit for that."
S3
"One reasonfor.the house shortage."
aaaarta tha . PCdidleton East Oreaonlan,
"is that tooftiany people want others
to build f or rtjem. Tney, snouia ouua
more houses,' 3s a eomrrx
who are thejrlf not you
lot of other y?u and I'sr
a common cry. out
ou ana i ana a
"PortUnH b:la bar Rosarlana. Salem
her Cherrlana iand now Vancouver has
her Prunarlantl We suggest," says the
Astoria Budgrl, "that Deep River or
ganise the Pclatarlane, and wa nomi
nate J. EX Jolnaon for chief potentate
of same." . j w
"Bend's Business Booster," offered
hv Mlaa Evalr-n Carlson, a teacher in
the Bend ptbilc schools, Is the name
seiectea oy m' committee oi wa
MaKhuita' aaisociation for its trade pa
per, to be published monthly, and to be
mailed to evry household In Central
Oregon. Miss Carlson, incidentally, won
a SZ5 prise.
r
over the weekend at the Imperial hotel.
Calbreath is m, member of the city coun
cil at Independence.
i I . . a
Grant Smlthgof the Grant Smith. com
pany. railroadScontractors, and formerly"
active In then ar time shipbuilding pro
gram in Porftjind, is at the Multnomah
hotel from Se&tle. With Smith is A. B.
Gray, presided .of Gray k. Barlsk, man
ufacturers of! electrical machinery at
Seattle. i
I a
There ough to be a good story for
a budding Oregon fiction 1st down in
Langlois, CuVjy county. It couldn't be
a tale of the lonesome pine, however,
because it la j said 'there are so many
pines thereabouts that no one of them
cin ever get lfnesome. It Is from Lang
lois, among tl)e pines, that Miss Verna
Larders come. Miss Larders is a guest
at the Multnomah hotel.
Mr. and Mrs. A. M. Taylor, resident
of Burns, whe "Bill" Hanley buys his
Easter necktfss, are stopping at the
Benson hotel while sojourning in the
coming city tf the Pacific coast
?
J. M. Morregr and Dan P. Smyths, the
latter a freVjaent vialtor in Portland,
are among the Pendleton folk stopping
atr the Portland hotel
Mr. and Mrs. G. C. Fulton are guests
at the ' Port3,nd from Astoria, where
the former ts- an attorney.
t
Denton Q.iBurdlck, who deala In drugs
and state lawt at Redmond, Or., is again
a firure on i the landscape, tn the Im
perial hotel ilftbby, where he Is making
his headauaVKers over the week-ena
Burdick Is ftate representative from
Crook, Descjiutes, Grant. Jefferson.
Klamath an4KLae countles, the largest
little niece territory tn one repre
sentative dlsttjct to be found on the map
of the old Ulon
C. IT- Gram; and W. A. Marshall. the
latter chairman of the state Industrial
accident commission, are guests at the
Seward hotel Sover the week-end. Oram,
by the way, iu state labor commissioner.
E
C. F. Haines, who lives at Seattle.
not only lookfi the part of a busy man
but is one. . jtfe is president and general
manaerer of tie Pacific Steamship com
pany and vkA president of the Seattle
Chamber of ' C;ommerce and commercial
dub. He Is transacting business in
Portland antjt for the duration of his
visit he is , guest at the Multnomah
hotel. 1 1
Jewelers" display windows, and even
those of hardw are stores, would indicate
that about "mne tenths of the world's
table silver Supply Is made In the home
town of Mr. nd Mrs. A. M. Alien, tour
tats reaisteretf at the Benson hotel dur
Ins- a Drier, tojourn in tne city. ine
Aliens come from Oneida, N. V
Lockley
t exercises.
: discussed the slavery
I question
anfl Dredicted that war
was inevitable if the slavery in
teres t s Insisted on trying to force sla
very on Kansas and other free territory.
J. H. D.k Henderson, who was a, regent
of the colleger told me I could not finish
reading my composition, as it was a po
litical discus lon, and that we should
let sleeping dogs lie.' Some In the audi
ence called out That's right; make
htm stop,' while others shouted. 'Go on,
Joe.' I stopped while the discussion
raged about letting me continue. Some
said that, i as tha exercises were being
held in the Courthouse, Henderson . had
ho right aa a regent to interfere with
free speech.' Party feeling ran high
then, for it was just about a year be
fore the Civil war started. It looked
.as If the school exercises, would end in
a free fight. Some of the anti-slavery
men tried to throw Henderson out of
the second story window. They sent for
my father. Father was a scrapper, and
wanted to settle the whole slavery ques
tion then and there with his fists.
Finally, It was decided that, I should not
finish my composition that night, but
that a meeting would be held the fol
lowing night at welch I should finish
it. Next day the foes of slavery started
out on horseback- and notified all their
men within 80 miles to be On band, as
there might be a fight when I tried to
read my essay oh the spread of slavery.
Next night the courthouse was lammed.
The anti-slavery men threatened trouble
unU8, Mc
Henderson would publicly
apologise. He did so in a very manly
way, saying he did what he did simply
to prevent discord, and not to prevent
the cause I espoused being heard. ,
e . e
"To get back to the rest Of that pro
gram: After the excitement had sub
sided ,and all had resumed their seats.
S. McRoberts gave a declamation.
George Thompson, later county judge of
Crook county, and A. F. Snellingv gave
a dialogue. ; James Fountain- spoke on
eloquence,- A. F. Ensiling and W., It
Byars had essays, and were followed
by a debate in which CH. Miller and
John Thompson upheld, the affirmative
and were opposed by John D. Miller and
J. F. Watson. C. H. Miller later 'as
sumed the name 'Joaquin Miller and be
came celebrated as a poet He was a
harum-scarum fellow in those days and
wore his hair long and. wore Shoccaslna
He had lived with the Indians a year
or so.. He waa bright, all right He
was .valedictorian of his class. The
last number on the program was a dia
logue by .Mis M. C. Chapmen, M. Har
low, M. 3. McAlexander. C Henderson,
Ella Miller Joaquin's sister), 3. Thomp
son. vie Henderson and S. KiUlngs-
woron. ii you win ioo over mat list
of students -you will find that almost
without exception they became useful
and Influential cltlsens, ; and scores of
the children and grandchildren of those
students are-now making good in Eu
gene and Lteeixahout the state . .
The Oregon Country
Kerthawt Bappanlnat ta Briaf totm fat Um
, Buajr Eaadar
ORCOOK NOTES
Sea"! for 80S will be provided at the
banquet of the Albany Chamber f
Commerce. , j . .
The Lane county chapter of the Red'
Cross has written ex-soldiers' Insurance
to tha amount of $47,000.
The Snow creek Irrigation district of
Deschutes county has sold $40,000 worth
of district improvement bond a
Trt win a tin . . nr.u.- v. .... .
wood of Klamath Falla ate IS raw I
hamburger sandwiches at one sitting. J
The Commercial club of Bend has
unanimously hmiorai.ii tha kia-k.
cation millage hill and tha 8 mill school"!
Capital post.; American Legion. Balenv'f
has adopted resolutions In favor of edu
cational tax measures to be voted on la
Frank C. McColloch haa filed his
candidacy fori the Democratic nomtn-4
ation of stale representative from Baker;
county.
Students of Jthe Rosehurg high school
are registering in preparation for an .
election to be eonducted just like a regu
lar election.
Bonnie Prior, a 14-year-old girl of
Roseburg, was run over by an automo
bile driven by the county coroner. The
a. ,w ta m uronfii.
While nlavine- with a l
the 8-year-old daughter of MrsrTTlor
ence Huntley wf Bend accidentally dis
charged the pistol and shot herself
through the thigh:
Fifty-four a-nld medal h ava Haah
dered by the school superintendent of
Deschutes cauntv. Thv win ba
awarded to first place winners In the
trl-county meet to be held at Redmond.
Attempts of persons in Portland. to
secure a parole for John Karia, serving
a 10-year sentience for- his share in 4ha
aenauuonai rcrooery at Mcottabtirg sev- ,
eral months ao, have been blocked by
District Attorney Nauner of Doueiaa -
county. ' i-
WASHINGTON
AbotSt 70 accredited delerataa attend.
the state session of the Daughters of the
revolution at watia walla.
Of the deleatates selected at fimn ia.
the Republican county convention all are
said to be favorable to Wood.
Twelve foreianers have bean admitted
to cttixenxhlp at South Bend by Superior
Judge Hewen. Five of them served ia
the army during the war.
With nearly 200 neonla In attandanea
from all parta.of tha upper Chehalla val-!
ley. Downing' Post American Legion,
held Ita first annual banquet at Pe Ell. .
The Clarke County Prune Growers' as
sociation in a drive to get the growers of
the county to iorm a cooperative organ
isation have signed up nearly 8000 acrea
Advances Irs salaries granted teachers
In the Camas schools by the school di
rectors will segregate more than 70S
for the coming year. The minimum saV
ary ts $1060.
Alexander Henry. 84 years old. ha
returned to his home tn Tkcoma, after
visiting six brothers and sisters in New
Zealand, whoai ha had not seen for (
years. He made the trip alons.
The United : States court of appeals
haa sustained; the federal court of Ta.
coma In the conviction of August CeoS
and Bruce Richards of Centralla on the
charge of shipping Intoxicating liquor
Into the stated
The international mining convention"
in session at Seattle has declared tn
favor of theiMcKadden bill, providing
for an excise: of $10 an ounce on new
gold used In manufacture and a bonus
of $10 on new mined gold.
Officials of Selah and Yakima are
looking for a man who was detected try
Ina to break into tha plant of tha Selah
Evaporating company and was shot by the
night watchman. Although he escaped
he Is thought to be wounded.
All the playground apparatus on the
Yakima school grounda In gradually be
ing taken down. Within the past two
several times- for damages and tn one
Instance had to pay $6000.
..
! IDAHO v
Federal forest officials In submitting
to the state game warden a census for'
Southern Idaho report a big Increase In
Dig game in me state.
School systems of Oroflno, Mull an.
Bandpoint and Bonners Ferry have ap
plied for designation to receive voca
tional courses under the Smith-Hughes
law.
Much damage has been done to roads
and bridges ly nigh water near Troy,
The new concrete dam huill by the city
to create a storage basin for the water
system has seen destroyed.
The lower ; house of congress has
passed a bill authoricina Sand point to
purchase lands In Hand creek and
Hweltser creeic bottoms for the protec
tion of the ctty water supply.
Uncle Jeff Snow Says:
When Los : Angeles had more Mexi
cans in it than it's got consumptives
and real estate agents now, the politi
cian that coaldn't speak a little Mexl
cano didn't git nowheres In the conven
tlons. Tom A Geary run a little nurs"
'ry out a ways and had a notion he'd
make a good sheriff, but he couldn't
say "Howdy' In Mexican and the poll
tlclans had to turn him down. Tom
'lowed afterwards he was mighty lucky,
'cause he west In then fer business, and
sold mdre'n a million dollars worth of
orange trees: In five year to Eastern
folks who klader sot store by that per
ttkler fruit ,
The Journal's Work Counts
In Portland's High Status";
As a Livestock Center.
It has long been the view of Th?
Journal that Portland should take
aggressive advantage of Its oppor
tunity to become permanently the
livestock center not only of the
Northwest but, of the Pacific coast
First of all It was necessary to
direct attention forcibly to the. fact
that la both Western and Eastern
Oregon, ass well as throughout the
Columbia basin, natural conditions
assure the production of the highest
quality .beef, pork and mutton, "i This
waa at a t(me when millions of dol
lars' worthj of pork and other t.-.ects
were, being shipped into . Oregon
very year; from the Middle West;
Now Oregon not only produces suf
ficient for home consumption," hut Is
an exporter of meats. , Incidentally,
the same condition held truajn con
nection with poultry..but Oregon has
now the world's champion laying
hens aa a reault of careful breed inaj
j s .. w!- . el
under ikfuiiuK winiiuuiw, ,j
The Jourgal first voiced the protest
against shipping livestock from Pen
die ton and, Umatilla through Port
land to Seat'.le at the same rata as
to Portland. It called attention to
the well kno... fact that 'livestock
can be shipped via the water gradS
to Portland from the Interior with
leas loss la weight and less delay
than when shipments are" made ovtr
the mountains to Puget, sound.
While Incidental affairs were be
ing promoted by' enthusiastic cam-'
palgna. subscriptions to the livestock
exposition buildings in North Port
rtand were coming slowly. The
Journal insisted that jround business
policy on the part of tha community
should result in what has since oc-
curred. the, adequate financing of the
great exposition. - ' ' i. '.. V
; The meat! packlg business In Port
land amounts to $1,800,000 a month
at the present time. This city haa
become permanently the livestock ex
position center or tne coast, it nag
reached art excellent place - to make
a real start
i