2
THE OREGON SUNDAY JOURNAL, PORTLAND SUNDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 8, 1820.
OREGON
SECURED
MUCH
PUBLICITY
3
Endeavors of Kelley, Bonneville
and Wyeth Failed but Colum
bia River' Became Well Known.
f Thlf It tU Until "of eri of rutlM on
Orton nd iti hlntorj. written for tiw Hundy
foomii by J. B. Horner, profwwor of lilrtory. Or
oo Agricultural collefe, nd muthor of "Oregon." J
By J. B. Horner
Prior to the coming of the Methodist
missionaries there were three men who
did much to attract the attention of
Americans to Oregon. They were Hall
J. Kelley. Captain B. I. E. Bonneville
,and Nathaniel Wyeth. Knowledge of the
relations of these men to Oregon will
contribute to a fuller understanding of
the Important events that followed in the
early development of the Pacific North
west. Hall J. Keiley, a Boston schoolmaster,
placed before the American people the
necessity of Oregon colonisation. As
arly as 1817 he directed public atten
tion to the Pacific Northwest. He or
ganized a land expedition In 1828 that
ailed for want of adequate equipment.
Then he urged the formation of an ex
pedition by sea with the view of colon
izing the Fuget Hound country. In this
tie also failed to secure sufficient sup
!ort. In 1828 Kelley organised the
American society which was Incorpor
ated by the state of Massachusetts for
jthe colonization of the Oregon territory.
Two years later the society presented
a memorial to congress setting forth
that It was engaged In the "work
of opening to a civilized and virtuous
population that part of Western Amer
ica called Oregon," and It asked con
gress to aid it In carrying into opera-
jation Its purposes, to grant It military
'assistance, to make It possible for set
'tlers to obtain sufficient lands at the
I June Hon of the Multnomah (Willamette)
Iwlth the Columbia, and to grant it such
(ther rights and privileges as might con
tribute to the establishing of a respect
able and prosperous community.
jsETTLEMENT PLAIT FAILS
i Congress having failed to encourage
(the scheme, the society in 1831 published
an announcement which began, as fol
lows "Oregon settlement to be com
menced in the spring of 1832 on the
delightful and fertile banks of the Co
lumbia river:" The expedition was to
.tart In March, 1832. ' Upon its arrival
!ut at the junction of the Columbia and
Multnomah and each emigrant was to
(receive a lot and a farm In that local
ity also a lot In a town at the mouth
lf the Columbia, these places being al
ready platted on paper. But congress
did not take action, and the plan failed. I
'Kelley In 1832 set out for Oregon by
'way of Mexico. Two years later he fell
iln with Ewlng Young in California.
jFrom there they drove a band of horses
to Oregon but upon their arrival in
Vancouver October 1" they found
themselves accused of horsestealing.
Dr. McLoughlin provided for their Im
mediate needs but denied them the priv
ilege of dining at his table assigning
as his reason that he would not eat
with n. horse thief. Later they were
exonerated by the governor of Califor-
. and fortune In the effort to colonize
Oregon, returned to Massachusetts the
following March.
One of the early adventurers attracted
to Oregon partly through the writings
,of Hall J. Kelley was Captain Bonne
ville, whose experiences as related by
Washington Irving are familiar to the
average school boy. Bonneville was a
native of France, a graduate of West
Tolnt and an explorer of the Rocky
mountains and' Far West (1831-6). By
driving wagons through the South Pass
to Wind River, Wyoming. In 1833, he did
much to establish the correctness of
Senator Benton's prediction that Oregon
would some day be connected by wagon
road with .the states. But. according to
Washington Irving. Captain Bonneville's
Chief object in pursuing this explora
tion was "to make himself acquainted
with the country and the Indian tribes;
It being a part of the scheme to estab
lish a trading pont somewhere on the
lower part of the Columbia river so as
to participate in the trade lost to the
United States by the capture of Astoria."
TRIES SECOND TIM?
He reached the Hudson's Bay trading
post. Fort Walla Walla (now Wallula).
,Iarci 4, 1834. After remaining a few
days at the fort "he returned to the
general rendezvous for his various expe
ditions." In July of that year the cap
tain, being well supplied with trappers
and goods, started on a second expedi
tion on the Columbia. "He still con
M
"Bayer" introduced
THROUGH
MEN
Pflr
ml
"Bayer Tablets of Aspirin" to be genuine must
be marked with the safety ."Bayer Cross." Then
you are getting the true, world-famous Aspirin,
.prescribed by physicians for over eighteen years.
Always buy an unbroken package of "Bayer
Tablets of Aspirin" which contains proper direc
tions to safely relieve Colds,;; Headache, Tooth-
THESE ADVERTISED OREGON
I ;?f4frh Wilt vv V s v
Top, left to right Captain Nathaniel Wyeth, who brought the first teach
ers and missionaries to the Oregon country; Captain Bonneville who
tried 'wice to reach Oregon overland. Bottom, left to right John Ball,
first sehbol teacher in the Pacific Northwest; Hall Jackson Kelly, Bos
ton school teacher who endeavored to send colonies to what is now
Portland.
templated the restoration of American
trade in this, country. This time he
passed through the Blue mountains by
way of the Grand Ronde valley and the
Umatilla river." But Captain Bonne
ville was no match for the Hudson's
Bay company nor for the American fur
traders, hence his venture completely
failed. Although he was unable to cope
with these trading companies, his name
has been given to a town on the Colum
bia, and his adventures as a mountaineer
have been chrorrfcled in history and lit
erature, and in that way have Imparted
Information regarding the Oregon coun
try. Also, among those who became Inter
ested In the Oregon country through lit
erature circulated by Hall J. Kelley was
Captain Nathaniel Wyeth of Boston,
who made two Journeys to Oregon Inci
dentally bringing the first missionaries
and school teachers to what are now
the Northwest states. Early In 1831
some Boston merchants cooperating with
Captain Wyeth, sent a ship for trading
purposes to the Columbia. In the spring
of the following year he left Boston
with the Nat Wyethlum. a curiously
constructed boat-wagon for travel on
land and water. But the Nat Wyethlum
proved a failure and was left at St.
Louis.
Wyeth arrived at Vancouver October
24, 1832, bringing In hla party John Ball,
a New Englander, who on the following
New Year's day opened the first school
In the Oregon country. After teaching
two months he resigned and Solomon
Howard Smith also a member of the
Wyeth party assumed charge of the
school.
BOSTON SHIP WRECKED
The ship which the Boston merchants
had sent was wrecked at the Society
islands on her voyage to Oregon hence
Wyeth returned to Boston the following
year. Undaunted by their previous ex
periences, the Boston partners sent the
May Dacre to the Columbia In the fall
of 1833, and Wyeth came overland the
following year, primarily to develop the
salmon Industry. Ha established Fort
Hall in 1834 and In September of that
year he arrived in Vancouver bringing
with him the first missionaries. They
were Methodists and their leader was
Rev. Jason Lee. Captain Wyeth soon
learned to his dismay that the May
Dacre, having been delayed in the jour
ney, came too late to engage in the sal
mon Industry of that season. After suc
cessive discouragements he returned to
Boston in 1836.
Upon the whole Wyeth's expeditions
were unsuccessful as trading ventures
Aspirin to physicians over
UYE
but they were important inasmuch as
they resulted in giving greater publicity
to the Oregon country whither he had
brought the first teachers and mission
aries. Of these mention will be made
in a future- article.
Test for Presence
Of Wood Alcohol
Chicago, Feb. 7. Here's one way. If
you want to make absolutely sure of
It, by which you can make a conclusive
test for the presence of wood alcohol :
Take the liquor. To one-half ounce of
concentrated sulphuric acid add one
fourth ounce of distilled water (ordi
nary water will do in an emergency)
and a rounded spoonful of salicylic
acid. Then add three-fourths ounce of
the solution to be tested and boil in a
glass or enameled ware vessel. The
odor of wlntergreen indicates the pres
ence of wood alcohol. If the test la
negative, add another ounce of sul
phuric add and boil again. Boiling
from one-half minute to one minute
usually ia sufficient. The recipe comes
from Wade Hawthorne, chemist of a
smelting company.
Secretary Wilson
Says Build Homes
Newark. N. J., Fob. 7. At the first
annual dinner of the Real Estate board
of Newark at the Robert Treat hotel,
Secretary of Labor Wilson delivered
the principal address. Speaking on the
own-your-own-home campaign, he said :
"One of the principal reasons for the
adoption of the slogan is that we be
lieve that Bolshevism can find no lodg
ment in the minds of the men who
are owners of their own homes. High
rentals are not due to the cost of build
ings, but to the demands. The only re
lief ia in everybody building mor;e
homes. Hence our slogan, 'Own your
own home and build now.' "
Postofflce to Move
East Lansing. Mich., Feb. 7. (U. P.)
The postofflce here will have to be
moved. The authorities of Michigan
Agricultural college, in one of whose
buildings the office has been located
since the institution was founded, have
notified the postofflce department they
will not re-lease the site.
eighteen years ago
ache, Earache, Neuralgia, Lumbago, Rheumatism,
Neuritis, Joint Pains, and Pain generally.
Remember "Bayer" means genuine! Say
"Bayer" Hand) tin boxes of twelve tablets cost
but a few cents. Druggists also sell larger pack
ages. Aspirin is the trade mark of Bayer Manu-r
f acture of Monoaceticacidester of . Salicylicacid.
HINTS ON SWEET
PEA CULTURE ARE
GIVEN BY EXPERT
Timely Suggestions Aid Amateur
Growers of Popular Flowers
Which Flourish in Portland.
By Stteba Chllda Har greaves
The sweet pea occupies the sams
position among the annuals that the
rose does among the perennials It
is easily the queen of the flowers
that endure for but one season.
While popular interest In some of
the other annuals ebbs and flows,
this exquisite, easily-grown flower
continues to hold first place in the
affections of gardeners and flower
lovers.
The sweet pea really came Into its
own about 1880, when startling improve
ments were made In else, texture and
color by Henry Eckford, a pioneer Eng
lish seedsman, who might be called the
father of the modern sweet pea.. It will
be noted in studying the seed catalogues
that many varieties bear his family
name.
EARLY HISTORY RECALLED
The early history of the sweet pea
throws some very interesting sidelights
on methods of botanical development. It
is said to be a native of the island of
Sicily, where in its wild state it was a
rather insignificant flower with a red
standard and pale blue wings. No doubt,
this was the same as the wild pea that
grows so freely all over this country. At
any rate, from this small beginning the
many-hued blossoms of the modern
sweet pea have evolved. These wonder
ful developments were made by judicious
selection of strain and by years of the
moat careful cross fertilisation.
Of late years this same process of
cross fertilization has been attempted
by many ambitious amateurs, with a re
sulting bewildering number of varieties,
many of which are not to be distin
guished when grown side by side.
SERIOUS FAULT NOTED
Most growers admit that one Berious
fault with the sweet pea is that there
are altogether too many varieties: ana
the tendency Is toward standardizing
the colors and listing fewer of them. It
must be remembered that the 'sweet pea
has a tendency to sport, or vary in dif
ferent locations and under different
growing conditions. For this reason the
same named varieties purchased from
different seedsmen will show a differ
ence in coloring. It is best to order by
type and color rather than to pay too
much attention to the name.
Henry Eckford started with five va
rieties and Increased the number by hun
dreds ; then came the Spencers, which
were an entirely new type they are the
beautifully waved and frilled varieties
which we grow today.
As in the selection of roses or dahlias,
the amateur grower had best buy only
well established varieties Instead of pay
ing the high prices asked for the new
sensations which appear every year.
While wonderful new colors and forms
appear each season, very often they
prove when grown, to resemble some old
cheaper sort, or they fail to come up
to expectations.
AVOID CHEAP SEED
Then, too, in a season or two the sen
sation is as moderate in price as the
standard varieties. It is never wise to
buy cheap seed of any kind, but es
pecially Is this true of sweet pea seed.
There are many grades on the market,
but good seed, since war conditions have
affected the trade, ia both scarce and
high. .It is best to.buy separate named
sorts rather than the mixtures which
will cost a few cents less. Even if a
mixture Is desired, select the colors and
mix them.
If the gardener has a taste for making
experiments cross fertilization will ap
peal to him. It is possible to develop
new and interesting varieties and by
carefully breeding up the different
strains better seed than can be pur
chased In the market can be grown at
home. It takes three or four generations
for a strain to become fixed, and while
there is small chance of originating
some wonderful new variety, and making
a fortune, still that is the way these
new types originate.
SET SEED VINES APART
If seed is to be grown at home for
the home garden, it ia best to set apart
the vines intended for seed and allow
the first blooms to mature. CJathering
seeds that have escaped notice or those
hanging on the vines at the tag end of
the season will result In small inferior
blooms, which will, of course, be later
In flowering than seeds from those
blooms which were first to open. In
ordinary times, I doubt if it is wise to
save seeds but just now when the crop
is so uncertain and the prices so much
higher this is about the only way to be
sure of real fresh, vigorous seeds.
In judgftlg seed, size and appearance
have very little to do with the quality
of the seed. Some of the finest varie
ties are small and mottled, some are
light In color, while others are dark and
very tough skinned. The light colored
seeds are as a rule not so hard as
sorts which are dark seeded, but many
dark seeds germinate better if a small
cut is made in the outer skin to allow
the sprout to emerge.
PLANTING TIME IMPORTANT
The time of planting sweet peas here
with us has much to do with the success
attained. Popular opinion is rather di
vided on the subject Many gardeners
favor fall planting, but those who plant
In the spring advise putting in the seed
as early as it is possible to prepare a
place for them, for above all things the
RIVALS ROSE
Sweet pea is flower which everyone
can have, no matter how small his
garden space.
?sJS
vine must have a large root system if
it is to continue to produce large blooms
In any quantity throughout the season.
In such a severe winter aa this last on
has been there might be some loss If
the plants were In a location where the
wind swept ,the snow off leaving them
exposed,, but In ordinary seasons If the
plants are well up before cold weather
comes they will bear up under Beyer
freezing.
The sweet pea like the garden pea will
grow In nearly any soil and can b de
pended upon to produce something In
the way of bloom even under the most
adverse conditions.
MUST CHASOE LOCATIONS
Like the garden peas they should
never be planted twice In the same lo
cation; for they draw heavily on cer
tain elements contained in the soil. If,
however, there is only one place possi
ble to plant them, this difficulty may
be overcome by a liberal use of bone
meal and other fertilizers suited to their
needs. '
All things taken into consideration,
heavy boII, well fertilised, is best; while
blooming will begin earlier in the sea
son in a loose, sandy soil, the season
will not be so long nor the blooms so
fine. The flowers depend upon plenty
of moisture at the root during the dry
season and no matter how much water
t applied a sandy soil will not retain
moisture. Of course heavy, soggy ground
should be lightened with some sharp
Band to make it friable.
If it Is possible, even in spring plant
ing, the ground should be spaded In the
fall so that it may freeze and become
softened. Fertiliser in the shape of
barnyard manure and bone meal or any
commercial product containing phos
phates will be beneficial. This type of
fertilizers are slow in action so it will
be well to add them to the soil at the
time of the fall spading, though this
can be done in the spring. '
TRENCH PLANTING EXCELLENT
For early planting the trench method
has advantages, the principal one being
that by deep planting the watering dur
ing the dry season is not such a problem.
The roots are far enough beneath the
surface so that they do not dry out.
Dig a narrow trench at least 18 inches
deep and fill in with 12 inches of well
rotted cow manure. Over this place 1
inches of garden soil on which to lay
the seeds. They should not come In di
rect contact with the manure, but in a
very short time the roots reach the
manure and are thus perfectly nour
ished as soon as they can assimilate this
strong food. The soil should be filled
in, to within 2 inches of the surface of
the ground at planting time and when
the plants are well up more soil may
be added until the bed is nearly flush
with the surface. But a slight depression
will hold the water, where any hilling
up allows it to run off as fast as applied.
Proper watering Is essential if fine
flowers are to be grown. If the leaves
at the base turn yellow the roots are
not receiving sufficient moisture. Wa
tering even In very dry weather need
not be done more than once or twice a
week.
AVOID OVER WATERING
This light sprinkling every evening Is
to be frowned upon in raising anything:
It simply brings the feeding rootlets to
the surface, where they burn up during
the heat of the day. The best way to
apply water is to take the nozzle off the
hose and lay it down, allowing the water
to saturate the ground clear down. After
a soaking of this kind, a mulch of lawn
clippings around the roots will retain
the moisture for quite a while ; when it
becomes necessary to irrigate again.
simply remove the mulch and replace it
as soon as the cultivating is done.
While the vines are growing irequent
cultivation is necessary and a day or so
after watering the soil will need to be
stirred to keep it from packing. Another
factor in prolonging the blooming sea
son and keeping the flowers up to the
size of the first blooms of the Beason Is
frequent cutting of the flowers. If this
is neglected once the vines begin to
throw out short stems bearing one or
two small blooms, where formerly the
stems were long with four or five flor
ets. If seed pods are allowed to form
the season's work is over rrom tne stand
point of the plants.
PESTS NOT MENACE
While subject to some of the ills to
which all members of the . vegetable
kingdom are heirs, the sweet pea prop
erly grown will not be troubled much
bv disease or insect pests. Sometimes
mildew attacks plant that are grown
too closely together; the plants when
well up should stand at least six inches
apart some growers say one foot is
better.
As soon as the young plants begin to
throw out tendrils, a trellis of some sort
should be provided. Hazel brush, cut
when the sap is down, is considered the
best support ; poultry netting answers
very well, though it sometimes heats and
burns the foliage. The support should
be at least eight feet high, bo that the
vines will not wave around over the top
fn search of support. Nothing handi
caps a climbing plant like being obliged
to grope for support. I he aouDie row
with the trellis between gives a more
solid effect than a single row.
In regard to the location for planting,
some protection from the afternoon sun
is desirable, especially for the darker
shades some of which fade and streak
quickly in strong sunlight but full sun
is better than too much shade.
VINES FORM GOOD SCREENS
The. sweet pea is an excellent, quick
growing vine for screening an unsightly
fence or an objectionable view. When
grown well they will even shade a
veranda providing' it Is not too high.
Growing sweet peas In clumps ln
steads of rows is practiced frequently
in England, where their culture has been
reduced to a fine art. A clump resem
ble a large shrub. One variety is se
lected and the seed planted in a circle
a foot In diameter; when well up the
dlrcle Is thinned so that it contains
about six plants. A strong hazel bough
Is placed, firmly in the center for sup
port and the result is very pleasing, es
pecially in small gardens where the
space is limited.
Where time and space are at a pre
mium, the sweet pea will give greater
results for the effort than any of the
choicer annuals and the manner of
growing them is largely a matter of In
dividual taste..
Aged Survivor of !
Whitman Massacre
Visits at Halsey
Halsey, Or., Feb. 7. Halsey friends,
have been honored by a visit from Mrs.
N. A. Jacobs of Portland, an Oregon
pioneer of 1846, and one of the eight
or nine remaining survivors of the
Whitman massacre.
, Mrs. Jacobs was 8 years old when
this happened. Her father, Joalah Os
born, with the Summers and Cornelius
families, crossed the plains from Illinois
and spent the winter of 1845 at the
Whitman mission. Mr. Osborn had Just
previously burled three of his family
from measles when the terrible episode
happened.
: Mrs. Jacobs and two other children
he concealed beneath the rough boards
of the cabin floor and thus saved their
lives from the Indians. ' The spring of
1848 they came on to Oregon City,
where Mr. Osborn worked until the
next fali for the Hudson Bay company.
He then went to Salem and started
the first grist mill for Judson & Mc
clain. Later the family settled on a
donation elalm six miles east of Browns
ville. ,
llSli
PORTLAND
" &sBMSMBssaBSsssBsasisjiiisis rw i ,i ltd iiilhdtWCTW'wiHs' ' mii.umtiMmmm.mmt!mKsm&i n
ijyryTlTHBBWSSSSSSOTSWWBaSBSSSS wwllIHIIlllllIKU.ili.,J..L.,nnm
, Mir'- -,m w Jr
v?h,.rfirni--.TiiMiri-?'-Mii imiii it
Washington park reservoirs in the fo rrgrouno. To the left is the park with the King's mil residence section
beyond It The open space in the left background is the Multnomah Amateur Athletic club. field. In the cen
ter looms the hairpin curve of the Canyon road, and the Ford street bridge that spans tho canyon between
King's hill and Portland Heights.
Bathtub Invented by Devil
t . ? H s . st
Once They Were Heavily Taxed
Do you bathe? Don't get sore only
79 years ago your forebears regarded1 a
bathtub as an institution of the devil.
An Ohio man Installed the first private
bathtub in America. Me had heard that
the king of England splashed regularly
enough to be on friendly terms, with
mere water.
A great hue and cry arose In America
Maryland required a $30 annual tax for
each bath tub. Politicians declared the
Ohioan was trying to corrupt American
simplicity with European splendor. Doc
tors asserted that regular use of a bath
tub would cause rheumatism, congestion
of the lungs, and tuberculosis.
The world do move !
Consider the sidewalk. It tolls not,
neither does It spin except for the man
who has lapped unwisely of these lat
ter day vins.
A Happy
Combination
of Comedy
and Thrills
Concerts
Twice Afternoon
and Evening
F RwO M
THE
But it has many a thorn to bear.
Examine the sidewalk and the cross
ings at downtown street Intersections.
Notice the dark spots? Dya know what
those dark spots are?
They are gum ! Every single solitary
spot gum !
Not contented with the under sides of
chairs in Ice cream parlors, the gum dis
tributing pest now planks his wad on
the streets.
But no one has yet been seen stooping
to pick up a wad.
Our own census :
Of 300.000 persons in Portland
278,368 stop when they see a man
changing an auto tire.
i 278,363 hope he will cuss loudly and
long.
126 get up in time to go to church
Sunday morning.
CLoTERgg
Would you care to see a picture
that tire Germans made for
themselves Well, we have it
3 full reels of the Submarine U-35
as she sinks 15 allied and neutral
vessels then comes
MABEL NORM AND
IN
"PINTO"
Mr. Gutrson says its her best
yet and you remember the sen
sation he created with "Mickey"
well, nuf ced!
-csc
) in -t.-Kvttx: - IB
C6
298,601 gallop to the motion picture
houses when they've been "mugged" by
an Itinerant cameraman.
298,601 tell their friends at last
they've broken into the great game.
301 will vote for the Illinois no-tobacco
lady.
299,699 won't.
Headline In Astoria newspaper : "New
Tears Is Due to Arrive in Astoria About
Midnight." Add Btx minutes for up river
tides.
Lying to reporters is considered no
sin. But my how some folk fume when
the truth about them is printed !
Our newsless news weakly :
Prosecute reds.
Deport radicals.
Seize profiteers.
Jail speeder.
Rhoots sweatheart.
Mex Bandits Kill American.
Many Yards of Ribbon
. London, Feb. 7 (U. P.) The first
official issue of the new British war
medal ribbon entails a distribution of
260 miles, qualified recipients number
ing 8.000.000.
Showing
All
This
Week
Special Concert
Sunday at
12:30 Noon