-THE OREGON DAILY JOURNAL,, POR TLAND," FRIDAY. ; OCTOBER 10, 1919.
osm
i
HERE
T
OTESCHENMS
AMAZES
MASARYK
president :ofit2,000,0(Czech8
v SayPeae Cfefen Erred
i in Giving Poles Teschen Mines
FOR" LEAGUE OF NATIONS
Favors Treaty but Prefers ; Cov-
! tenant, Which! He Considers Is
' PossiblGreatest in History."
Dy W. J. KiUtr
gpceiaUCabU .te The-Journal and Th CbleafO
'.. - a DDt Nevi " - '
tCoprrlsht 191S, byChlcaio DaQ Nw Co.),
; Prague, Czecho-Slovakia, Oct. 10.
cannot understand the oposl
tlon toward us in our just claim to
-..This statement was made to me
In. an interview which I had with
Thomas Garrick Masaryk, the first
president of the new Czecho-Slovak
republic We were sitting In the
red carpeted royal reception room in
the Prague castle, once used as a
home by the late Austrian Emperor
Francis Joseph.
The tall, ; grey-bearded; slow-speaking
old' man with gentle brown eyes oppo
He me Is now master there as president
iif iIia vttihll ' A four a trrt
Francis ruled there, Masaryk's father
was the superior's coachman-and Masa
ryk himself was a blacksmith's appren
tice. The story of this f ran sit Ion, which
really Is the story ' of Masaryk's life.
Is one of the greatset romances, of the
war. As he sat there calmly discussing
the future of the 12,000,000 people whose
loader he is it was difficult to realize
that little more than two years ago he
was an Australian political- exile with
a price on his head, living in compara
tive seclusion in a modest flat in Wash
ington, D. C where he continued to
direct the (vwatlons which effectively
swung- Bohemia away from the central
-powers to the side of the entente.
PLEBISCITE SO SETTLEMENT
"We sorely need the Teschen coal
"fields for our factories," he said. "Tes
chen has belonged to Bohemia for- wO
years and Poland has absolutely no just
claim to it. yet America has been the
leader in the opposition to us in this
and has forced upon us this plebiscite
settlement which Is really no settlement
'ai all. We have unwillingly accepted
aihls proposal because, we do not fear
Uio result of the plebiscite. It is true
that there are more Poles than Czechs,
Tn Teschen, but the German population
will vote with us.
In- deciding that the Teschen problem
was one for settlement along ethnologi
cal lines the peace conference was in
consistent. President Masaryk explained.
Koi4 example, he pointed to Alsace and
Lorraine, . which., though . having-, many
Hermans, went to France, and to parts
of the ' Dalmatian coast : populated ' by
Jugo Slavs, which was awarded to Italy.
speaking or the League of Nationa,
President Masaryk4 declared i It to, be
"possibly the rreatest covenant In the
history of the- world," and holding un
precedented and far . reaching f benefits
for mankind." He said he -thought more
of the league than he did of the treaty,
but added that he was thoroughly satis
fied with tha treaty with the single ex
ception of the Teschen . eetttemenXa
"Yours - is a ? Socialist : Democratic
Kovemment," I Bald, " and you I are iex t
door to red Russia.' Is there any danger
of Bolshevism here?" . ?i . ..
"None ? whatever," ho. replied. ; The
people, here look upon the .Bolshevik! as
tne great tna or Americana look upon
the L iff.' W." ; ;:;tvtA
GRATEFUL , TO AMERICA
Throughout the Interview the president
showed the greatest respect, admiration
and appreciation for America and grati
tude for the great help she has given to
the new republic, virtually saving- It
from , starvation and other peril. He
made a passionate plea for farther help
from the United States. . I .n
"This time," he declared, "we do not
need food so much as ray materials, par
ticularly cotton, and lone .term credits
with which to buy this material to te
start the wheels In our .many j Idle fac
tories. The crops are good and we hive
bread,, but we must atari our factories
immediately to provide work for - the
thousands of unemployed. We need Im
mediately from the American govern
ment a loan of $50,000,000 on long term
credits 'for this. X hope and pray that'
America will , see . the - great advantage,
not only to us, but herself In helping us."
President Masaryk spoke of the suc
cess in Bohemia of woman suffrage
which he had inaugurated when he first
took office. It has been made a mis
deameanor. punishable by a fine for a.
we man to neglect to vote. Women are
hr.ldlng comparatively many j good po
litical of f ices throughout the j land and
managing them successfully,! he said.
He has been a lifelong advocate of equal
rights for women and proved it when,
after he had married Miss Garrick. of
Chicago, he changed his name from
plain Thomas Masaryk to Thomas Gar
rick Masaryk.
D'Annunzio Marked
For Death By Croats
London, Oct 10. (I. N. B.) Captain
Gabrfele D'Annunzlo. leader of Italian
troops that occupied Flume, ' bas been
marked for death by an organization' of
students which has just been formed at
A gram, said an exchange Telegraph
dispatch from Rome today.! The or
ganization is made up of Croatlans who
are leading the movement for the an
nexation of Fiume.
FATE OF, LORD ELCH0'
, J IS STILL A MYSTERY
r i v
Pv'N - ill
if '-.
I f ' " V H i
i fe a
U v V -
Boy of 13 Enrolls as
Harvard- Freshman
Boston, Mass. Thirteen years old Is
a rather unusual age for a Harvard
freshman, yet that 'Is the age of Jacob
Schankman of Chelsea, who enrolled as
a member of this year's freshman class.
Jacob is no bookworm, but just an
ordinary boy with a good healthy boy's
thirst for knowledge and love f or ath
letics. He has no ambition i to be the
youngest student to graduate from" Har
vard, but does intend that ; his record
while at the university will be such that
his college will be proud of him.
' He ' will have some 400 odd comoetl-
,tors for any freshman honors he -may
covet. .- I :
The, fate of Lord Francis Elcho, two
was reported missing after a, battle
on the British front in France in
the early- part of 1916, is one of the
mysteries of the World war.- - Brlt-
" lsh authorities have combed!! the
war ' records, but nothing '.which
might bring light on the .fate of
Lord Fsneis has been found. Lady
Elcho, wife of Lord Francis, Is do
ing all in her power to solve the
mystery. She is a sister of the
famed British beauty, Diana Man
ners, and daughter of the Duke of
Rutland. - -
FIUME TRADESMEN
WANT CITY FREED
R ALL POWERS
Grafting Fiume ta Italy and Is
tria' to Jugo-Sf aVs; Impossible
Solution, Says D'Anhunzio.
SLAVS DENY TOWN IS ITALIAN
Peace Conference Must Reverse
Its-Sofemn Decision to Make
Fiume Free Port, Poet Asserts.
Allies' Aid Plan In
Russia Like Backing
Broken Down Horse
London. Oct. 10. (L N. S.)"The al
lies are backing a broken down horse in
Russia," declared the Daily Exress to
day In an editorial based upon a long
expose of Russian conditions cabled by
its correspondent at Helsingfors, Walter
Muir. . 1
"We are ruining ourselfes in a laud
able effort to raise the Muscovite giant
to its feet," writes Mulr.
As to living conditions Muir, says, that
800.000 persons are- threatened with star
vation tn Petrograd during the "coming
winter.
"It would almost be a crime, against
humanity to maintain the blockade of
Russia," he continues. "Such a course
would only make, enemies of the bulk
of the population. With the hope of tak
ing Petrograd before the winter it is our
obvious duty to send food and thus' earn
the gratitude of the bulk of the, peot
m www .wn w w ,www, iimrw wotwwm im i w i
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Beautiful Dress Boots in brown, gray
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New Fall Oxfords in brovvn Russia
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Spats .in the popular colors i-.:. , $1.95 ;
forced to change the names of the shops,
erect Italian signs on tha houses, hoist
Italian flags and alter -the street names.
Naturally, they, say,- the city looks Ital-
Ian! . - - -" ; '
- The report, of tha Interallied . commis
sion which investigated the street fight
ing In Flume, It is believed, will contain
the statement that tha municipal gov
ernment or consigtio nazlonale is parti
san and not representative of the win of
the people. ; If that la so another Italian
point Is destroyed, namely.' that the peo
ple of Flume themselves elected Italian
representatives. It Is on the consigllo
nazlonale, that D'Annunilo bases the
whole civil, government . The president
of this body ia one Groasich. whose name
Is plainly Slav but who perhaps, as the
Croats say,- is a renegade. ..The men I
saw told me that no real plebiscite had
ever been-held despite the claims of -the
Italians, to the contrary. If- one were
taken for Flume it would be travesty
on justice not to do tha same In Eastern
Istrla, which ' supposedly : has a large
Slav majority. jj '!5' (. .
"During my stay, here I have crossed
twice Into the Jugoslav suburb of 6os
sak. - I met two persons, one' a nedea-
f trlan and -the- other, a.' cab driver, -who
swore that they were citizens of Flume
who had been exiled from their homes
and dared not'recroes the international
brook between' the two1 towns for fear of
arrest. In the hotels, cafes and shops I
tried : to. QutftttionV the tradesmen i and
found that -many -people preferred that
Flume should , become a 'free' city an
neither ItaUan nor Jugo-Slav. The Ital
ians want the town. In their opinion, to
save Trieste, otherwise '.they fear that
Trieste will ' die , a commercial death.
1.11. Gree Stamps for cash. Hok
man Fuel Ce. Main S53, A-SS5S. Block
wood,' short sjabwdod. , Rock . Springs
and Utah coal, sawdust Adv.
Amsterdam Bakers
Strike; Bread Gone
By LeopeM Aletrlae '
Spaclsl rnbls to The Journal and The. Cbicsto
. Daily '1n. . , . r.-.... -
(Copyrfcfat. ISIS, h CMcaso rally .rs Co.)
Amsterdam, Holland, Oct. 10. The
bakers here have gone on a strike and
nearly the whole capital is without bread.
The restaurants are crowded, the mu
nicipal authorities supplying meal - and
flour for baking pancakes. The strike
began on f Thursday and -was-, followed
by . a great run on the bakeries, the
stocks in which - were exhausted In a
abort time. .The strike threatens to ex
tend to neighboring towns. .
THIN PEOPLE
NEED BITRO-
PHOSPHATE
kiifninffnmffnf
J
- ECONOMY
EFnCIENCY
i By AVllllam E. Nash
Special Coble to The Joamal and The Chicago
Daily News.
(Copyright. 1018, by Chicmso Dafly News Co.)
Flume, Oct" 10. In a beautiful
palace overlooking Fiume, a little
man of middle age, bald head, brown
mustache and goatee, pouches un
der his eyes and yellow cracked
teeth, rose to meet me in his bed
chamber. His first words were,
"You represent the Chicago Daily
News, I hear. Ah, I know your pa
per. It was the Chicago Daily News
that published an article by me In
1916, urging Italy's- entrance Into
the war. Your readers know that
I always represented the cause of
liberty and Justice."
So spoke Gabriele D'Annunzlo, the
poet, whose dream has Inflamed all of
Italy. He 'continued:
'In 1M I fought in France for the
cause of the allies, and never ceased to
support their Ideals. Flume is Italian in
culture, history and right of self-determination.
More than 20,000 men stand
at my disposition, and thousands more
would come should I allow it." .
"But can the peace conference re
verse its solemn decision to make Fiume
a free port?" I asked.
"It must" replied D'Annunzlo. "By
What criterion is this body sacred?
Every country In the allied cause is
now finding- fault with the . treaty it
made. The American senate seems about
ready to reject the treaty altogether.
I have heard that Senator Lodge In
tends to bring the question of Fiume
separately before the American senate."
"What about the future of Fiume?"
was the next question. "Can it retain
its present size and importance with a
hostile hinterland? "Will not the Jugo
slavs turn their commerce elsewhere
rather than send it through- an Italian
portr i
At this D'Annunzlo became vehement.
"Has not the whole history of Italy
proved that she Is a liberal and demo
cratic nation V he asked quickly. "We
want to live at peace with the Croats
and will give them every preference In
the port The customs duties will be
kept low, or will be abolished altogether.
Intelligent Italians realize that it is the
interest of Fiume itself to attract Croat
commerce and will facilitate it. That is
such a rlatter of common sense that
no Italan government can afford to
neglect Jtl In Genoa, wa have the same
problem ?or Switzerland. Shall this
port be made Swiss as the solution?
Certainly not. Once Fiume is Italian,
I am sure that some modus Vivendi can
.be agreed upon with the Jugo-Slavs. It
ta to their interest as well as ours.
'Recent reports say that the peace
conference may be willing to give
Flume ,tO Italy, but grant Northeastern
Istrla to the Jugo-Slavs. That is an
impossible solution. It would cut off
Fiume from ' land connection with the
motherland and make her a defenseless
islet amid a hostile population. I'll
never accept such a plan. My soldiers
will prevent It by force of arms if
necessary." -
The palace in which D'Annunzlo
reigns was built originally for the
Magyar government of Fiume. It
stands on a hill in the upper town and
commands a superb view of the tea
from the islands at the outlet to the
rugged shore of Istrla at the right with
the mountains of Jugo-Slavia in 'the
distance.' The palace is in the Vene
tian style. One enters on the ground
level, ascends a broad noble staircase
and comes into a. grand reception ball
of brown marble. This is the ante
chamber of Flume's dictator, where vis
itors leave their cards and await' his
call.
D'Annunzlo is much beloved by his
followers for His kindness and extraor
dinary energy. It is said that like Na
poleon he works from 6 a. m. to mid
night All the details of the government
come to him personally and he will not
use a typewriter nor dictate letters to a
secretary. One may question whether
this does not detract from the efficiency
of his government, as in the case ' of
Philip II of Spain yet one cannot help
admirinr the proof of his diligence.
After interviewing D'Annunzlo I made
a- point of seeing the Jugoslav notables
In Flume. They deny that the city Is
Italian ana declare that language Is no
criterion. They admitted that the ma
jority of the people speak Italian but
say they can also speak Croat and
German. The Czecho-Slovaks, for in
stance, speak German also but no '.one
would say that they are German by
sympathy. German was made the com
mercial and cultural language of Flume
by the Magyars In accordance with, the
policy of playing one faction against an
other. According to the Croats here the
Italians have pursued a violent policy
of Italianizatlon ever since their arrival
last November. The people have been
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tiff
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in usually accompanied by the bloom of
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That millions of oeonle are conscious
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magazines or many auKResuons propos
lng various remedies in food or medicine
or exercises, . either of which might or
mignt not oe appropriate ior a given
case. , -
Authorities, however, 1 agree" that
healthy nerve tissue is absolutely es
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mind. Weak nerves, while indicated by
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more immediately Jnd aenaralhr res"t
in lack of energy, sleeplessness, irritabil
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gradually consume the healthy flesh,
leaving- ugly hollows, a flat chest, bony
necK and scrawny arms ana tegs. ;
Our bodies need more phosphate than
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