THE OREGON DAILY, JOURNAt, PORTLAND, .WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 17 19X9.
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One country, one constitution, one destiny.
Daniel Webster.
CONSTITUTION DAY
T
tins is Constitution day.
There are those who do not
'like America's constitution. They
cannot deny that under it, Amer
ica, has risen to heights never at
tained by any other nation, has risen
to a leadership that no nation chal
lenges or attempts to dispute.
Some say there are abuses in
America, that there are Injustices,
that the many do not get on in the
world while the few over profit.
Certainly. But we are all the time
correcting abuses that exist.
The constitution cannot do all.
The people must do something. The
constitution puts the ballot in their
iiands and gives them an unbarred
road to the polls. It ordains that
there shall be a fair count of the
ballots, and puts the elected official
under oath to obey and execute the
law.
The people make their own laws.
They elect their own officials. All
the machinery necessary for the
masses to protect themselves is
placed in their hands, and all they
have to do is to use it
It is ordained in America that
government is by consent of the
governed, that all men are created
equal in rights and privileges. If
we grant special privileges to a few
who absorb more than their just
Bhare of production, it is because
as citizens we are not alert enough,
and on the day set apart for our
civic responsibility to be met, we
stay at home and let others do
the voting.
Or we listen to the claptrap of
politicians and place seekers and
vote on their suggestions instead
of doing our own thinking and think
ing as we vote. It is not the con
stitution that causes bad citizen-
fchip ; it is r$en, very often men who
arc crooked.
We are working under the party
system in America. That was not
provided for in the constitution. It
was a later invention, and in. some
respects a very bad invention. When
there are people who think more of
their party than of their country,
when they close their eyes to
thought and reflection and blindly
follow certain. self appointed leaders
. who often make platforms for the
purpose of fooling people and gain
ing an election, a good start is made
In permitting those Injustices and
abuses that the Bolshevists use in
arguing 4r the overthrow of our
constitution and our system of gov-
. ernment. Blind partisanship and the
tyranny of party labels, not the
constitution, are responsible for very
many of the abuses about which
people complain.
Never was there a time for Amer
ican people to have more confidence
" In their constitution. We have
operated under it for 140 years. It
is no blemish anywhere in the world
to be an American now. Nations
all over the earth are trying to get
N nearer and nearer the American
plan of government. Nearly all of
the many new republics are fashion
ing their government after the Amer
' lean plan. The people who were lifted
out of tyranny and oppression by the
eventuations of the war are copying
Americanism. Even the peace treaty
' signed by all the negotiators of all
the nations party to the conference,
provides practically for the American
Idea. It extends the Monroe doc
trine all over the world. It applies
. the principle of the consent of the
' governed.
1 America was the final influence
that overthrew autocracy and made
democracy safe throughout the world.
It was under the American eonsti-
' tution that. America rose to that
conspicuous position. It is under
the American constitution that Amer-
0 ica is now leading the world in the
- mightiest enterprise since the dawn
of time, then application to the
affairs of the; world of Jesus Christ's
;.. principle of peace on earth, good
will among nien.
. .. Our constitution has served us
well. We have1 made some changes
in it. We may, make more. But
we are not going to throw it ovcr-
- board. II tfiere are those who do
tier, lika it &&d want soma ether
ystem to live under they should go
where there Is such a system as they
prefer. Ve are not going to abandon
the, constitution that has served us
so well. '
The fidelity of th great audience
at The Auditorium Monday night
was remarkable. Entrance was
gained by about 300 with standing
room tickets shortly after 5 o'clock,
when a door was left unguarded.
They took the place, stood in waiting
until the speaking began shortly
after 8, and were still standing when
the president finished his address
at 9:20. They were on their feet
almost four hours. This, with the
great congestion, accounted for the
fact that several persons fainted and
that the services of ambulances
were frequently required.
TOO MUCH SPEED
A'
LL Portland regrets the mis-
fortunate fatalities upon the Co
lumbia highway Monday last.
It is more ihan regrettable that
death should have stalked the presi
dential party at Portland, alone of all
the stopping places along its route.
It is regrettable that a resident of
the city paid the forfeit of his life
to the mania for excessive speed.
It is regrettable that injury came to
the other two of the city's guests.
Deplorable as is the tragedy, it
will not be the last. Speed mania
has its grisly hand on all too many
steering wheels for it to be other
wise, on the highway and every
where. Whnt. can be done to protect
the public from those who will not
protect themselves is a difficult
problem. There are speed laws, but
they are unheeded ail all but un
enforced. Speed maniacs pay the
paltry fines assessed against them
now and then, and pass out of the
court room to speed again. Judges
sometimes point with exultation to
coffers fattened from such fines, and
widows and orphans mourn their
dead.
Sorrow and regret will not heal
the hurt in the hearts of those who
stand beside the graves 'of their loved
ones nor help to hold down the
population of the cemeteries. Law
enforcement alone is the remedy.
The state's highways are being built
for public use, with public money,
not for speedways' and arenas for
wholesale slaughter. Those who
misuse them should be controlled. A
united public sentiment should see
to it. Sane motorists should give
their active aid. An end should be
made to unsafe practices in the inter
est of public welfare and public
safety, and the time to begin is now.
Unceasing activity in port develop
ment is the best public policy for
ports of the Columbia. Channel
deepening, terminal facilities ana
proper publicity will bring the de-
sired business. What has been done
is but a good beginning. Private
enterprise should find every public
investment in port facilities argu
ment for more aggressive seeking of
trade. Let the ports of the Columbia
join in both public and private enter
prise to gain commerce unattain
able by divided action.
THE FIRE CHIEFS
T
HE fire chiefs gathered in Port
land are a .gallant company.
The city delights to do them
honor. They head the army
of devoted men the country over
who are dedicated to the protection
of life and property. Their positions
of leadership in fire fighting are cita
tions for distinguished service,
superior courage and unfailing re
sourcefulness. At any call of day
or night they and their kind are
ready to fight destroying conflagra
tion even if duty demands of them
the supreme sacrifice.
The purpose of their assembly is
not alone for good fellowship and
the devising of Impr6ved methods for
conflict with the holocaust. They
seek to imprint a lesson. Records
reveal that 99 of 100 fires might
have been prevented. Carelessness
is the criminal. Forethought is the
remedy. The lighted match about
to be dropped in combustible waste
can be extinguished with a breath.
The fire it starts may be beyOnd
the control of all the brave firemen,
strengthened by the most complete
array of firefighting apparatus. The
waste itself, accumulated In obscure
corners of cellars and garrets, may
be removed by the inexpensive effort
of a boy. The cost of leaving it
may reach the formidable total of
thousands of dollars. Electric wiring
with chafed insulation may be re
paired' for a few cents. The "short
circuit" results often in the most
difficult and unmanageable of fires.
The spark or the flare are little
things, but, unnoticed or uhquenched,
they may be the tongue of the
monster.
Fire, an invaluable servant, contains
ever the" potentialities of mastery. Its
ragings always destroy property
and no less threaten life. Portland's
recent reductions in fire loss proudly
announce the success of fire pre
vention. The people worked with
the firemen and immediately learned
that they were the chief beneficiaries.
Redoubled vigilance may well make
Portland a fireless city. The policy
will work as well for other com
munities. America plunged into the horrible
vortex of world war to stop the
German destroyer, and won. The
world war against fire goes on. It
calls for concerted endeavor against
an enemy more insidious than Hun
propaganda and more to be feared
than shells and poison gas.
Fire prevention is less spectacular
but more important than fire fight
ing. Let ail tha people, men and
women and the children In the
school, join the larger public bureau
of fire prevention, and the chilling
fear oMhe dread night alarm will
be far less frequent ; -
Astoria's waste collectors have put
up the S. C. S. sign. , Roads leading
to the garbage dump have become
impassable. In lieu of a municipal
incinerator householders have been
petitioned to burn their own garbage.
Sooner or later a city growing as
rapidly as Astoria will find facilities
for waste reduction, salvage and in
cineration indispensable. Astoria
has proved she can bid for ahd
handle world commerce and enter
tain the dreadnoughts of the navy.
She can't afford to clutter up her
backyard.
WANT TO BE IN OREGON
E
H. SMITH, the new president of
the Oregon State Association of
County Judges and Commis
sioners, is county judge of
Lake county.
By avocation, President Smith Is a
physician. Down in Lake county it
seems to be an unwritten law that a
doctor must be county judge. The
reason for this is probably due to the
fact that it is such a healthy com
munity there is no need for physic.
Nobody ever gets sick, and the only
cause of death is old age. Conse
quently, there are but few doctors, and
they have to seetf some other source
of livelihood than that of writing pre
scriptions. They have plenty of time
to sacrifice for the public good in the
way of administering the business af
fairs of the county. Itis a case
where private interest and public
good blend, a very rare combination.
Like many other men who have fig
ured in the history of the world, Dr.
Smith owes his distinction among
couhty judges and commissioners to
ft speech which struck a responsive
chord. This speech, delivered at the
recent session of the association, was
a beautifully worded picture of East
ern Oregon in general and Lake coun
ty in particular. He depicted the lat
ter section as the Paradise of trie
hunter and the fisherman, where the
sun shines brightly and where the air
is laden with the balsam of the pine
and the pungent odor of the sage, its
lakes and marshes the breeding places
of ducks and geese, and its mountains
and glades the abiding place of the
pronged buck and the mule-tail doe.
On its sage-covered plains the jack
rabbit, the badger and the atitelope
still abound. In its cold and crystal
streams are many trout, and easy to
catch. But beyond all this, he said,
there were thousands of sheep and
cattle grazing on the Jbunch-grass
hills.
This was only a part of the picture.
There are acres on acres of virgin
soil waiting the plow of the husband
man. While this great empire is
politically a part of Oregon, he de
plored the fact that, commercially, it
is a part of California. It wants to
do business with the rest of Oregon,
but, owing to the lack of transporta
tion facilities, this is not practical.
He found fault with the Creator for
raising the Cascades as a barrier be
tween the eastern and western part
of the state. While this condition
could not be helped, it was still with
in the power of man to ascend to the
summit of the mountains and look
over into the Eastern Oregon country.
Judge Smith advised his hearers to do
this, telling them that it would give
them a broader vision and a wider
conception of what Eastern Oregon is.
Summing up, the judge made such
a hit that he was elected president
for the coming year without a dis
senting vote. It is obvious that dur
ing is term of office the people of
Western Oregon will acquire some
knowledge of Western Oregon in gen
eral and Lake county in particular.
The decorations might have been
better, it is true. But after all, peo
ple not blunting, persons not things,
make the welcome. Then, there is
the fact that President Wilson went
away from Portland renewed, re
inspired, heartened and encouraged
to go on fighting for the cause,, due
to the warmth of those who sig
nalled to him from the streets and
buildings and roofs as -he passed
and to the wonderful demonstration
accorded him by the great audience
at The Auditorium. Since he was
gratified, why should we worry?
"YOU BET YOU
T
HAT
is the Wilsonian answer to
question that the world
the
wants answered "Is the pact
going through?" It, too, is the
answer of the great mass of the
men and women of America.
Theodore Roosevelt, when he was
president, 6aid many apt things.
Once, when he was discussing some
of the current events of American
political activity he said, speaking
of Senator Lodge, "Cabot is a good
fellow, but he talks too much."
President Roosevelt was a good judge
of men and their characteristics, as
instanced by Senator Lodge, during
recent months. And what President
Roosevelt remarked about Senator
Lodge may well be applied to Senator
Borah, Senator Johnson, Senator Poin
dexter and some others, so far as
their capacity for words is concerned.
Monday evening, as President Wil
son stood upon the receding platform
of his car at the Union station, some
one in the surrounding crowd asked
the question, the answer of which
the world is waiting to hear, "Is
the pact going through?" The
answer by the president was an
American answer, You bet you."
And so it will be. There will be
a season of talking yet to come
nn the umica states senate, a long
debate to , sustain the time .worn
precedents and assuage the inborn
thirst for oratory inherent in that
honorable body. There may be res
ervations that will aniotate and; ex
plain the patent meaning of the
treaty and its text, but not, that will
shake its structure or cast it back up
on the council table for reconsidera
tion. Then the vote will be taken,
and the treaty will stand completed
and adopted. The American people
will see to that. They want peace,
and they want the League of Nations.
They want the pact to go through,
and it will go through.
Before the war the lumber ex
portations of the Uhited States
amounted to 3,500,000,000 feet an
nually. The demands of Europe,
particularly of France and Belgium,
may result in exportations of 7,000,
000,000 feet a year. Northwest
lumbermen have apparently nothing
to look forward to but more work.
LODGE'S DEFEAT
IS FORECAST
By Carl Smith. Washington Staff
Correspondent of The Journal.
Washington. Sept. 17, A survey of
senatorjQI opinion following adoption of
four reservations to the League of Na
tions covenant by the foreign relations
committee shows that only one serious
controversy is left in the way of ratifi
cation. That is the reservation as to
article 10.
There also remains the question as to
Virw t hAQA T-oeftrvntifiTW Khali P. TYlftflft.
but the disagreement over the method is i
likely to be surmounted when agreement
is once reached regarding the reserva
tions themselves. The committee pro
poses that they shall be accepted by
three of the four principal powers ; the
president has asked that they be left out
of the instrument of ratification, because
of the difficulties which may attend the
resubmission of such questions.
The major dispute over Article 10 cen
ters over the effort of the Lodgeites to
disable the league by removing from that
article all moral obligation to protect
the territorial integrity and political in
dependence of member nations, and by
removing any obligation to act in concert
with other nations in exerting economic
pressure upon any nation which threat
ens the peace of the world by acts of
outlawry.
The defeat of this Lodge reservation
in the form reported seems to be assured.
Prior to the time it was reported, it was
discussed by a group of liberal Republi
can senators, who agreed that it could
not be accepted by friends of the league.
This group is understood to include at
least six Republican members, McCum
ber, McNary, Kellogg, Nelson, Lenroot
and Colt They agree, in the vigorous
phrase of Senator Nelson, that the sen
ate shall not make "mincemeat" of the
treaty, and that, they believe, would be
the effect of Lodge's Article 10.
The situation thus shifts to a demand
for the recasting of the reservation of
Article 10 in a way to remove the'offen
siveness of its negative statement, and
for the insertion of language which will
merely state that this country will not
be under obligation to act except upon its
own Judgment of the circumstances when
they arise. This would be in agreement
with the statement of President Wilson
when he met the members of the foreign
relations committee at the White House
and said :
"The unanimous vote of the council is
.only advice in any case. Each govern
ment is free to reject it if it pleases.
Nothing could have been more clear to
the conference than the right of our
congress under our constitution to exer
cise its independent judgment in all
matters of peace and war."
...
The other three reservations proposed
by the Lodge committee may also be
changed in some measure before thea
senate agrees to them, but apparently
offer no serious obstacle in the minds of
those whose votes will in the end decide
the fate of the treaty. Senator McCum
ber, ranking Republican member of the
committee, voted against the withdrawal
clause as proposed by Lodge, it is un
derstood, because It reserves the "un
conditional" right of the United States to
quif the league upon giving notice as re
quired in the covenant.
Lodge has said that he Is not particu
lar about the use of "unconditional," and
is willing to accept other phrasing. It is
generally assumed that this language
will be patched up without much diffi
culty. The president, in the White House con
ference with the senators, was asked this
question by Senator Borah : "If the
country should give notice of withdrawal
it would be the sole judge at whether or
not it had fulfilled its International obli
gations its covenants to the league?"
To this the president responded : "That
is as I understand it The only restrain
ing influence would be the public opinion
of the world."
...
The reservation as to domestic ques
tions appears to offer no particular diffi
culties. The committee proposal men
tions immigration, coastwise traffic, the
tariff, commerce "and all other domestic
questions," as solely within the Jurisdic
tion of the United States. On that ques
tion the president said, in talking with
the senators :
"There is no doubt in the mind of any
authoritative student of International
law that such matters as immigration,
tariffs and nationalization are incontest
abJv domestic Questions, with which no
international body could deal without ex
press authority to do so.
The final reservation of the senate
committee deals with the Monroe doc
trine, declaring that this doctrine is to
be interpreted by the United States
alone and shall be entirely unaffected
by any provision found in the treaty of
peace. The president told the senators
that:
The Monroe doctrine is expressly
mentioned as an understanding ,which is
in no way to be impaired or interfered
with by anything contained in the cove
nant." It will be seen that the method of
making the reservations or interpreta
tions, and the substantiative matter to
be contained in the reservation on Arti
cle 10 are the points in serious Issue,
and the latter is the more serious, as
some means probably will be found to
secure their acceptance by other nations
in a manner satisfactory to both sides,
without sending the treaty back for
further negotiation. It Is felt in the
best . informed circles that Article 10
cannot be emasculated without impair
ing the integrity of the league and
plunging the entire situation in doubt.
Other nations, particularly France, are
anxious that the guarantee of this arti
cle shall not be cut to pieces. The
president , in his conference with the
senators said : y
"Article 10 seems to me to constitute
the very backbone ot the whole cove
nant Without it the league would be
hardly more 'than an Influential debat
ing society."
In the steadfast opposition of the
"McNary group" of Republican sena
tors to the destruction of Article 10 lies
the deciding factor, for they have al
ready announced that they will not
accept the Lodge amendment
Zt eems dear that Lodge will meet.
r.
defeat on all the textual amendments,
from Shantung ' on down, and he will
also meet defeat on his rabid reserva
tion on Article JO, Thia win leave the
treaty Intact, and a new reservation of
Article 10 will be evolved, from which
the poison win be' extracted.
Letters From the People
Communications sent to The Journal for
publication in thia department ehoold be written
on only one aide of the paper,, should not exceed
800 word in length, and mast be eigned by the
writer, whose mail addreas in full must accom
pany the contribution.
Milk Figures
McEwen, Sept. 12. To the Editor of
The Journal I saw In the Telegram a
day or two ago an article .on the state's
dairy business, and noting these periodi
cal outbursts for a greater use of the
product of the cow, and nothing seem
ingly being accomplished, the question
naturally arises, why? There appears to
be some kind of an association, calling
themselves dairymen, that meets at the
Portland once in a while, and has a big
feed and discusses the amount of dirt
that is Contained In a quart of milk.
But who they are and who they repre
sent nobody knows. If I understand
aright, a dairyman is one that keeps
and milks cows, and ray impression is
that few of them meet at a hostelry of
the calibre of the Portland. There is
just this about the dairy business but
ter and milk are costly to produce,
therefore high they way they are be
ing handled now, at least. I venture to
say that a lot of these process people
are making more money out of this milk
and butter business than the people who
milk the cows. You will notice they
are tumbling over one another to get
hold of the product. And If this product
gets any cheaper, some one will have
to be cut out. The state might take over
th,s business of processing and locate
about four plants in the state, and have
the food administrator operate them at
cost, and benefit the consumer, and not
hurt the producer. The cities could get
all the milk they need at about 30 cents
a gallon, if there was some way to
transport It from the country. But as
some of us have been telling people all
the time, our distributing system is a
poor, neglected affair, operated for dol
lars Instead of benefit to society. The
kick that people are making hasn't got
any kick in it whatever. If you want
this stuff cheaper, and more of it, cut
out about three men between the pro
ducer and you. Let these men get cows
and go to milking, instead of taking it
after someone has done the hard work.
Eighty-one pounds of butterfat makes
100 pounds of butter when processed.
Five gallons of cream, containing 20
pounds of butterfat brings about $11.
The milk it takes to make this, if sold
at 30 cents per gallon, would bring
$16.80, less the skim, worth $1.
J. L. EDMISTON.
Why League Haters Hate
Portland, Sept. 13. To the Editor of
The Journal "When all is said and done.
why should there be any surprise over"
the- action of Lodge and Knox and the
other Republican leaders in connection
with the peace treaty? They are, in
truth, little Americans, and throughout
their political careers have preached the
doctrines that made for fear and timid
ity. Haven't they told us, year in and
year out, that America could not com
pete with foreign countries injnanufac
turing that the American workingman,
without a high protective tariff, could
not survive the competition of workers
in other lands? Didn't they, during the
campaign of 1916, flood the country with
stories of how Germany was building up
vast reserves of manufactured articles
which, immediately upon the conclusion
of peace, would be thrown upon this
country and the markets of the world,
thereby bringing disaster and ruin to our
industries and laboring men?
How, then, can jthese men be expected
to. view, without fear and trembling, the
idea of the United States of America
assuming leadership in international af
fairs and throwing its great influence
in the balance to keep peace throughout
the world? Isn't it natural that they
should conjure w bogies see only evil
results, and pictures of ruin to our In
stitutions? It's a state of mind ; they
cannot help It they are narrow, selfish
and timid.
And this state of mind has made them
impervious to the great wave of progress
that swept first over this country and
is now sweeping the world. You will
find they have been opposed y every
reform proposed in this country during
the last decade. They were against the
federal reserve system, against the di
rect election of United States senators,
against the national prohibition and
equal suffrage amendments, and against
every progressive measure which in spite
of their obstructive tactics, has been
written into the statutes under the lead
ership of President Wilson.
It would, indeed, be a great surprisel
if these men were found lined up with
those who 'are working to bring about
a just and permanent peace throughout
the world and enlightened Improvement
to its downtrodden peoples. L. I. H.
Behind This Universe
Portland, Sept. 13. To the Editor of
The Journal Recently an exchange of
opinions regarding "God" has Interested
some readers. A "Truthseeker de
manded a short order definition, and
another good soul directs him to the
abundant wonders of nature.
The writer contends that nothing is
self created and .therefore man. ex
presses the fullest proof of a "divine
Love and Wisdom" Carlisle said,
"God's greatest creation is an honest
man." Joe Mayer in his letter in The
Journal talks of evolution, loganberries
and brains. From his statement we
may assume that he has considerable
knowledge along divers scientific lines.
Let him read 1 per cent of the right
kind of books at our public library" and
he will learn to handle the word
"brains" carefully. He no longer will
boast of man's marvelous achievements
as being the direct result of man's
powerful brains.
Higher critics admit that man is an
organized force and organized power in
every plane of his being, spiritual and
material. The brain Is but the recipi
ent, or instrument, of the faculty and
power of thinking, and the wisest minds
of aU ages have endeavored to fathom
"from whence all the power," and with
out exception they have acknowledged,
"Thine is "the power."
A popular maxim has It that knowl
edge is power. In one sense it Is true ;
in antoher it is not. Knowledge does
not create power ; It only shows "us
where to find it and how to adjust our
selves to its inflowing forces. Knowl
edge does not create the power of
gravity, of steam, of- electricity, of
wind arid wave. The scientist and in
ventor do not claim any forces of na
ture as their own. On the contrary,
they direct their efforts to- discover
what those laws are, how natural forces
act the paths they fpllow. They ad
just all their movements and mechan
isms to these immutable laws. Their
constant acknowledgement is, Thine is
the power and the glory."
Lord Kelvin in his time was honored
as the world's wisest man. The world's
greatest scientists wbere guided by his
decisions. His researches in natural
phenomena covered a period of many
years, as he died at about 83 years of
age. He Is responsible for a statement
to this effect: "Although sometimes I
might waver, yet I always come back' to
the conclusion with irresistible force.
COMMENT AND
SMALL -CHANGE
!
Even the hoboes shy at near-beer.
,r"ltJ$y to Invit Troops to Leave."
Headline. That seems fair enough,
And the soft drinks are not even
cheaper than the old-time hard stuff
was.
e
Lots of money in the bank. Many
men would have to turn burglar to tret
any out.
Boston's strikers might try organising
a street car party and throwing the
street cars into Boston harbor.
Knowledge may be power but you
can't always keep a baby from howling,
even if you happen to know what Is the
matter with it.
Wheat In Holland Is being infested by
a fungus growth that causes great
damage. Probably due to the contami
nation of the late kaiser.
...
It isn't safe to conclude these days
that because a thing hasn't happened,
it isn't going to happen. Strange things
are happening ail the time.
Pity the sorrows of the rich. It costs
so much now to live in a J3.000.000 house
and travel in a private car that Ogden
Armour can't afford to buy new shoes.
"President Wilson," remarks the De-
.nlt V.nr. "has . t l
. --"o, iiu jew io ia.ii uivck. on
'That bird,' 'I'll say so' and 'You said
a mouthful.' Yes. but listen : When
in Portland he said, "You bet you !"
IMPRESSIONS AND OBSERVATIONS
OF THE JOURNAL MAN
. By Fred Lockley
Italy's claims on the farther side of the
Adriatic are discussed front the Italian stand
point, by an American officer who serred as a
military attache at the American embay at
Home in-maritime. Mr. Lockley quotes from a
letter he l)a receired from this officer, whose
borne town is Portland, and- who pays an exalted
tribute to the conduct of Italians, soldiers and
civilians alike, in tho terrible days of the t.r
tuan war. J
The following dispatch from Rome ap
peared on the front page of an early
edition of The Journal last Saturday :
"Gabrielle D'Annunzio, former aviator
in the Italian naval air service, has ar
rived at Flume at the head of armed
bands of men, it was officially an
nounced here today. The government is
taking energetic steps to check any
rash movement.
"The move to occupy Flume with
armed troops is the latest development
in the dispute between Italy and Jugo
slavia involving the possession of Adri
atic territory. D'Anmunzio was, one of
the leaders of the War party in Italy
before that country entered the conflict
and it was largely through the efforts of
a group of fiery orators, headed by him,
that the "nation joinld the entente in
arms."
Recently I received a letter from Lieu
tenant C. A. Robertson, whose home ad
dress is 1329 Sandy boulevard. Portland.
In the letter he throws a most interest
ing light on the history of Flume and
on the situation throughout Italy. He
was assistant military attache at Rome
for more than a year, and Is thoroughly
familiar with conditions there. He
says :
"Many Americans do not know that
the dot of territory that caused so much
trouble before the peace conference, and
in Italy, contained less than 10 square
miles. We must agree, however, that it
is principle and not area that deter
mines whether or not a nation's act is
imperialistic In this case the facts
nhow that for centuries -Flume has been
a political entity with extensive auton
omy, but of late years a dependency of
Hungary ; that its inhabitants revolted
against Austrian control before the
Italians wiped out the Austrian empire
by their glorious victory of Vittorio Ve
fieto, and that they sent a delegation
through the lines of the Italian army
asking that the city be occupied by
Italian .troops in their forward march
to take possession of the redeemed terri
tories and the armistice lines ; that this
request was acted upon by the Italians,
and later the city of Flume sent a del
egation to Rome to ask for annexation
to Italy instead of, the new proposed
state of Jugo-Slavia ; that" the sympathy
of the Italians was thus aroused, and
Flume was included in the Italian claims
before the peace conference on the
eround of nationality and aute-decislon.
Two-thirds of the Inhabitants of Flume
sre Italian, and the language of the city
and of its government i Italian and has
been such for hundreds ofears.
"It is true that there are other reasons
that cause Italy to want Flume, but in
view of her contribution to the war, she
certainly is entitled to consideration in
this resrard. particularly as compared
with the claims of the Jugo-Slavs, who
oither fought against Italy and the en-
tente until the last moment of the war,
or, as In the case of Serbia and Monte
negro, were saved by Italy and' the
entente from complete destruction, and
owe their existence to the nation they
are now opposing.
"In this connection, it must be remem
bered that Jugo-Slavia is a name only.
Somebody is supporting an extensive
propaganda, not only in Paris, but at
Washington and in New York, to create
sentiment aerainst Italy. It might be
well to start in by finding out who is
financing this and just what the motives
are. In this way we might get at some
of the reasons in the case. At any rate,
history is apt to embarrass us If .we find
it written that wo allowed ourselves to
be influenced against the nation that
proved to be one of our staunchest and
most valiant allies, by the propaganda
of our enemies of yesterday.
"When I returned to this country
after a year at Rome to a capacity that
gave me occasion to know what was
going on throughout Italy, I was shown
many clippings from the American press
in regard to Italian affairs since the
armistice. I can assure you that it was
scandalous to see therein so many glar
ing untruths. I wondered that America
could not form her own opinlonsfrom
facts that are available to her, raher
than swallow the propaganda concocted
by shrewd enemies or interested allies.
"The Teutons have seen a fine chance
to stir up strife among the allies, with
a chance to benefit from any ultimate
ruptures that may. occur. In Italy It
was rumored that In addition to English
interests who desired the benefits of
that behind It all there must be a su
preme power guiding and controlling
the universe." .
The writer prefers to agree with bril
liant minds of the Lord Kelvin type.
OTTO G. MUHLIO.
Women a Radicals
Portland, Sept. 12. To the Editor of
The Journal Many say woman suf
frage should not ha adopted, because It
is radical and , would . make radical
changes in our government I can't
see that it is in any way radical; at
least where the womeno vote they
have not made any radical changes.
Women differ on great political quss
tionsthe pame as men. do. Our pro
hibition law is radical. Many say the
woman voted made it It ha been dem
onstrated this is not a fact In Colorado,
where the women have v,oted for many
years, prohibition has been defeated once
and carried once. In California, where
the women vote. ' it has always been
defeated at the polls. Our radical meas
ures are not due to the woman vote.
E. A. UN SCOTT.
NEWS IN -BRIEF
OREGON SIDELIGHTS
"Those statesmen at Washington," ad
mits the Albany Democrat, "are not bo
bad, after all. Come to think of it.
neither the president nor congress has
asked lor a raise in pay,
This is the first year that Spanish has
ever been offered to the high school stu
dents of Echo and over half of the young
people are availing themselves of this
opportunity, the East Oregonian's cor
respondent reports.
Pendleton firemen are getting the fire
station in spick and span order for the
opening of the Round-Up, the East Ore
gonian says. They are cleaning win
dows, etc., and otherwise improving the
appearance of the station. All 28 of the
fireboxes throughout the city have been
freshly painted a bright red.
This prune story is from the Coqullle
Sentinel: "D. P. Strang brought in yes
terday morning a twig about 18 inches
long from one of his petite prune trees
that carries 85 prunes. They were clus
tered so thickly that It was almost im
possible to count them and we may have
missed a few."
Mr. and Mrs. Frank Crimln of Baker,
after a month spent in the Minam na
tional forest report fishing and hunt
ing good, and brought home fine speci
mens as proof, according to the Baker
Democrat Birds also are plentiful, and
from the number of deer seen, hunters
will have plenty or sport. The va
cationists came upon an old bear with
two cubs and say there were quite
, number of grizzly bears in that section.
special privileges at Flume, certain
American bunking and manufacturing
interests had been approached and of
fered tempting concessions. History will
reveal the truth or falsity of all this,
and it will be, our duty to watch what
happens there in case we. succeed in
"The Italian is not a Bolshevist This
fact was deeply impressed upon me by
my close acquaintance with Italian af
fairs. I shall never forget the talk I
heard among all classes In regard to
Bolshevism, and the fear all classes had
that it might seek entrance into Italy
and Insidiously get to work. Every-
'body wondered what a Bolshevist looked
like. Every disturbance was closely
scrutinized with the idea of finding
something Bolshevistic. It would be
next to impossible to keep the ideas out
of the realm, but I am imbued with the
deep conviction that if Italy is not
brutalized and browbeaten by her
hfriends, if they will lend her a helping
nana ana a voice ot sympatny ana
encouragement in these her dark hours
of trouble, hunger and sorrow, she will
rise to any occasion demanded of her.
Our ambassador has stated that there
was 'small danger of Bolshevism gain
ing a foothold in Italy unless the food
shortage becomes so great that the
people are driv'en to absolute despair.
If such a situation should arise, it
would be impossible to : predict what
would happen in any country.'
"In this connection, we must not for
get that Italy has a vast devastated
region. Words are not adequate to de
pict the suffering, want and misery
prevalent in these regions since the
Austrians first set foot there.
"We sent innumerable legions to
France, and our sympathies and hopes
went with them. Our greatest efforts
have been poured out to aid France,
which no one will criticize. However,
we must' not. forget the part played by
Italy, nor must we be oblivious of the
terrible cost to her. We sent only 3000
troops to Italy, while to France we sent
2,100,000. Italy was less able to endure
the terribly severe financial strain of
the war than any of her allies. Without
raw materials, iron, coal, grain, she was
compelled to pay exorbitant prices for
these things so as to impose herself as
a bulwark in the south against the great
Austrian army. We must remember,
too, that her other sources of income,
her usual exports, and her tourist trade.
were stopped. The internal problems
seemed almost insurmountable. But to
the everlasting credit of ' the nation.
they were surmounted. The war was
won. And now come the problems of
peace, and no nation is more eager to
get to work to solve them than Italy.
The friendship of America has been the
brightest hope of Italy during her dark
hours, and we certainly should not fall
her now. She needs our raw materials,
and we need her friendship and com
mercial relationship.
"I wish that some of our prosperous
American communities would become in
terested in certain devastated cities "in
Italy, and see if we can't do something
for them to get them started again.
If we could buy for them certain neces
saries, and see that they are resold
without profit, we could aid materially.
Any movement toward assistance would
be very worthy and greatly appreciated.
Today it Is very difficult for the average
family in Italy to get enough to eat,
and it Is next to impossible to pay the
enormously high prices of clothing. Not
only is there a scarcity ' of food, with
its consequent evils, but the country Is
facing other troubles in the nature of
difficult problems incident to the ef
fects of the great war. The value of
the Italian lire has so decreased that
it is worth only half as much as before
the war. This makes a double burden
on the country. Italy has been forced
to import so much to carry on her fight
that her trade balance is woefully
against her. Under these considerations,
would it not be Just plain fairness If
some way could be devised by her allies
to come to her rescue, stabilise her ex
change, and prevent her from suffering
too much from the hugeness of her
effort? It must be borne in mind that
Italy's war debt la approximately as
large as ours. But it would have been
much greater had the population not
sacrificed and worked and slaved and
done without for four long years.
"When the travel restrictions are re
moved, let us hope that more of our
Americans will visit Italy. They will
be well repaid, and will find out what
a cordial and sympathetic friend w
have, standing guard for us In Southern
Europe against our enemies of yester
day." Curious Bits of Information
For the Curious
Gleaned From Curious Places
In the reign of Henry VfH the sleeve
was generally a separate article of
dress, and in Stubbes' time sleeves hung
down to the skirts, "trayllng on the
ground and cast over the shoulders like
a cow's tayle." Violet-le-Duc gave cuffs
which hung down 14 inches longer than
the hand, thus proving that the wearer
never worked. In the time of James I,
sometimes three pairs of gloves were
worn, one over another. A curious cus
tom arose about 4794 of hat-wearing
within doqrs. The Padnung young wom
en put metal collars around their necks
when they yere young children till they
numbered between 20 and 30, and the
necks of the wearers were stretched out
in the most grotesque and uncomfort
able fashion. African belles wear great
copper rings on their limbs, "which get so
hot In the sun that an attendant has
to carry water with which occasionally
to cool them down. ,.
The News in Paragraphs
World Happenings Briefed for Benerit
of Journal Readers
OREGON NOTES,
" Five mori teachers are needed for
the schools of Umatilla county. T.
Umatilla county. The price f. o. h. is
" "VIUVIIOU AllUII TV 11 tJ
at the Hog and Dairy show at Hermla
ton in October.
naved streeta la th
Oregon to boast such improvements.
InrtlrnHrtTia nr.in V. n m ..; ?.
orchards in Oregon next season, and .
nurn?rv Stnrk In uuiri In h ..nuitlnirlv
short
P. E. Elliot state forester, left Salem
Monday on his semi-annual inspection
tour of the forests of Marlon and Clack
a mas counties. j i
Hood River grocers are limiting In
dividual purchases of sugrar to 50 cents
worth, which is affecting the canning of
fruits and vegetables.
Public sphools of Washington county , (
will have a holiday Thursday and Fri
day to allow the pupils to attend the
county school fair at Hillsboro.
Richard Cayier, a graduate of Cam
bridge In England, has entered the
state normal school at Monmouth to
fit -himself as a teacher in Oregon.
In a telegram from Senator McNary
prompt unloadinR of cars Is urged as the
most effective'veapon in preventing a
shortage of cars during the crop moving '
season.
Representative Lea of California was
at Grants Pass tills week and said he
would urge the immediate starting of
work-by the government on the Crescent
City harbor.
Housing of students arriving to enter
Willamette university Is a serious prob
lem confronting the people of Salem.
There la practically not a vacant house 4
or room in the city.
The Western Lumber Export company
of Cottage Grove has purchased from
the fed&rul forest service 2,600.000 feel,
board measure, of Douglas fir In the
Umpqua naional forest.
The healthfulnesH of the Dee orchard
district in Hood River county is em
phasized by the fact that no family
there has ever had a death, and th
district has no cemetery.
Sergeant Harry Hoxle, who prior to
his enlistment was cashier In the stats
insurance department at Salem, has ar
rived from overseas and Is now at Camp
Merrltt awaiting discharge.
In the boys' judging contest of live
stock at Medford recently, the Phoenix
team won, which gives them the oppor
tunity of judging in the Interstate con
test in Portland in November.
John Fenwlck, son of Mr. and Mrs.
Frank Fenwlck, and Ernest Lester, son
of Mr. and Mrs. J. S. Lester, are two
Hood River boys who have just arrived
home after being discharged from the
navy.
In an attempt to escape from an of
ficer, John Neser, who claims to h 16,
jumped from a train near The Dalles
and was seriously injured. He had been
arrested at Pendleton charged with
theft.
WASHINGTON.
Two hundred ex-service men are
members of the post of the American
Legion at Vancouver.
Six destroyers from the Pacific fleet,
carrying 1200 officers and men, are ex
pected at Aberdeen during the last of
the week.
Secretary Marsh of the Citizens' club
of Chehalis, has resigned his position to
become Hecretary of the Commercial
club of Ellensburg.
Probably 75,000 persons will be en
tertained by Yakima at the state fair
this week. A tent city has arisen with
more 1000 inhabitants.
Erection of a third high school build
ing at Spokane to cost approximately
$2;j0.0O0 has been approved by members
of the board of education.
Chehalis is to have standard street
lights on Front street. Pacific avenue.
'hehali8 avenue, Prlndle street and
Market street from the high school to
the railroad.
Captain Ross Back, son of Judge R.
H. Back of Vancouver, has arrived
home from overceas. Captain Back was
reported killed In France, but was only
seriously wounded.
Unions affiliated with the building
trades council at Seattle will vote on an
adjustment board to settle disputes be
tween master builders and tradesmen
behind the present strike.
The state of Washington is adver
tising public lands in Lewis county,
most in 40-acre tracts, at public auction
on October 7. The appraised price Is
from $400 to $2715 for each tract.
H. B. Karling. general manager of
the Milwaukee railway at Seattle. Is on
his way to Chicago to make arrange
ments for the operation of nil trains
between Othello and Seattle and Tacoma
by electricity.
GENERAL.
Dr. J. Rlepanik has been appointed
minister to the United States from the
Czecho-Slovak republic.
The house on Monday passed the sen
ate resolution raising the legation In
Belgium to an embassy.
At Mlneola, N. Y., Monday Roland
Rohlfs set an altitude record for sn
airplane by reaching a height of 34,000
feet.
'The United Mine Workers' convention
at Cleveland, Ohio, has Indorsed the
Plumb plan for the nationalization of
railroads.
Four hundred and fifty stage hands
at Los Angeles struck Monday for
recognition of their union and an In
crease in wages.
The .Lewiaton, Idaho, slate normal
school opened Mondaywlih a regis
tration 50 per cent greater than on any
other opening day.
Twenty-four hundred members of ths
building trades unions at Denver failed
to report for work Monday, demanding
a minimum wage of $1 an hour.
Casualties due to the bomb outrage
against Baron Saito at Seoul, Korea,
aggregated 32. The government has r-
3uested 1500 police reinforcements from
span.
A plan to permit employes to aasfst
in the management of the buslnesa has
been Inaugurated by Proctor & Gamble,
manufacturers of soaps and candles, at
Cincinnati.
After dragging two small boys to
safety when they were surrounded by
a grass fire at Oakland, Ca.1., C. It.
Green, principal of the Look wood school,
was suffocated and died.
Uncle Jeff Snow Says:
Ma and me set on the curbstone and
seen President Wilson go by. Ma had
fried in her best Arkansaw style a nice
spring chicken and was a-goln' to flinar
U in Mrs. Wilson's lap, all wrapped m
a napkin. But I told her them cops
and engineer Infantry soldlera 'd think
It was a bomb. We had give up all
hopes of hearln' President Wilson talk
at The Auditorium, but Governor West
come along and said President Wilson
'd sent him word that 'less Uncle Jeff
Snow was on the platform, he wouldn't
talk. So Ma and me went. At least,
that's what Oi told us. Ma was mighty
pleased. She 'lowed It wasn't no polit
ical speech, but a patriotic sermon ; and
she's a-go In' to move at the church
prayer meetln' next ' Thursday night
that all the kids be taught to pray for
Wilson and the League o" Nations.
Olden Oregon
Immigration. 1843 to 1845, Just
, About Doubled, Each Year
The immigration of 1843 comprised
about 875 persons. The immigration of
1S44 had about 1400 persons. It was
known In Oregon In -- the summer of
1845 that the immigration that would
arrive that fall would be a large one.
aDout ?uu persona, in 1845 Joseph L
Meek, sheriff, took a census of res
dents of the Willamette valley. It-
showed a population of 2110, of whom
01 were zemaiea ana lZ5f xnalea.