THE OREGON SUNDAY JOURNAL. PORT LAND" SUNDAY MORNING. JUNE 8, 1919.
8
'AN INDEPENDENT NTWgPAPXB
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22S Filt avenue. New York; 800 Mailers
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- The sufferings . of this present time are
not worthy to be compared wits the (lory
which (hall be revealed fcn u.
bomans wiii. IS.
THE SENATORIAL SOVIET
M'
fOSCOW and Budapest are not
the only capitals of soviet gov
ernment. Washington, ' D. C, Is
the capital of the senatorial
soviet. There Lodge, Borah, Penrose
. Sherman, Polndexter and the others
hold their soldiers' and workmen's
council and fulminate against the
League of .Nations.
The American people are eight or
"ten to one -for the league.. The
Journal's straw vote showed 28,005
to 176 in favor of it, but what's a
vote and who are the people to the
senatorial Bolshevists?' What's a war,
or the awful money cost of a war,
or 50,000 American dead when Sena
tor Lodge's soviet council is in ses
sion? - Once there was another League of
Nations over which peanut Americana
bickered and berated. The -13 origi
nal colonies were independent sov
ereignties. They were in a state of
near anarchy when intelligent men
of the time foresaw that a responsi
ble government must be formed and
set about to frame a constitution.
.They produced the constitution which
the senatorial soviet constantly quotes
from and which became the model for
written constitutions "all over the
- world. Americans now reverence 11
as one of the greatest human produc
tions of all time, and other peoples
generally agree with them.
. How the instrument was opposed,
how its final ratification was a matter
of swaps and bargains, how the very
arguments used against it , then are
now used by the 'senatorial Bolshe
vists against the league covenant, is
all told interestingly in an article
on this page. .
Thus Bolshevist senators are pull
ing their whiskers and rending their
hair over the fact that every pro
ceeding and every discussion is "not
sent verbatim to them by special i
cable from Paris, though the proceed
ings by which the American consti
tution was framed were held in strict
secrecy and were not published at
all, until after the lapse of an even
50 years.
The senatorial soviet fulminates
against the league because the cove
nant provides that the league will
guarantee, the territorial limits of
: member nations; and back in colonial
times, opponents of the then- forming
league of independent colonies fought
the constitution because New York,
Sunder the provisions of the constitu
tion, they said, might have to send
'an army to protect the territorial
limits" of Connecticut, against which
state New York had grievances. This
-silly argument against the great in
strument of colonial times Is voiced
and elaborated by Lodge and Sher-
man and Penrose against the league
covenant of the present time in the
. same terms and almost in the iden
tical words of Bolshevists of the
- earlier day.
Soldier and workman Senator Sher
' man erupted .the other day in the
senates and filled the chamber with
: lava, smoke and sulphurous gases in
. a claim that this provision about
protecting territorial , limits would
keep America eternally at war in the
. settlement ; of European disputes.
His leather lungs boomed and thun
dered out the same dire prophecies
with , which pee-wee politicians of
: New York In colonial days predicted
that the -Empire State would be kept
; constantly at war In protecting the
territorial limits of Connecticut.
,- In the 132 years sice New? York
Bolshevists were bawling forth: these
' calamitous predictions, the state of
New York has never fired a shot or
wasted a postage stamp in protecting
ConnecticHti a fact that makes it dis
couragingly; i hard 1 to believe , that
Senator Sherman knows ; any more
about; the league las war breeder
than he knows about how old Is Ann.
"The main thing that the senatorial
' soviet knows about the' League of
Nations is that it ia against it be
cause v its chief1framer happens to
be a Democrat and a splendid citizen.
. new- use " for Rochelle salts has
heen found in. the discovery of a
Philadelphia engineer that it is a
source of electric power. By merely
agitating a one ounce crystal of the
salt a. current of electricity was pro
duced which was sufficiently strong
to carry the sound of a phonograph
through various Circuits to 160 tele
phone receivers : distributed through
an audience, j It )s a brand new dis
covery, and J one which presents
features which may make it of
commercial importance.
LOOTING THE TAXPAYERS
CIVIC honesty is as Important as
iridividual h6nesty. In some
ways It is more so, because
a dishonest government Is all
too liable to become a public pattern
for the units of that government.
In Coos-county a 'fraud was per
petrated upon the county government
in 1913. By; reason of It and the
conspiracy of which it wasborn the
county treasury was mulcted to
the extent of some $ 10,000. The loss
would have been greater had not
James - Watson, the county- judge
elected after the conspiracy had par
tially borne Its fruit, refused to pay
the balanee of 11500 claimed by the
conspirators, O'Brien, Maloney, Gates
et aL
. There Is no doubt about the con
spiracy, or the looting of the county
treasury. It was written into the
records of the circuit court of Coos
county when J. (1 Savage, who
claimed an. interest in the unlawful
profit, brought suit against Gates,
his partner, for a division of the
spoils.
That suit, and the testimony given
at its hearing, showed Judge Watson
the wrong that had been done the
taxpayers of the county. He, ac
cordingly, brought suit in the circuit
court of the county against O'Brien,
Maloney and Gates for the recovery
of the principal sum unlawfully
acquired by their conspiracy and the
accrued interest. That suit is now
pending; waiting for the strategy of
the defendants to be exhausted, and
for its trial upon the merits. Law
yers, who know the facts, the law
and the decisions of the courts,
declare there is no doubt concerning
the verdict, if the case is tried upon
its merits. In that case the defend
ants face the imminent danger of
being compelled to return some
$10,000 to the Coos county treasury.
This, undoubtedly, was one of the
chief and underlying causes back of
the movement to recall Judge Wat
son. Camouflaged by other con
tentions, the movement was success
ful. The Journal printed these facts.
It did so in the interest of public
morals. It has no apology for the
course pursued. It believes it is
just as wrong to take money unlaw
fully from the treasury of a county
as it would be to take it from the
treasury of the state, or the vaults
of a bank. It believes that restitu
tion should be forced from those
who do such things.' It believes a
public official who stands between
the treasury and those who would
dip into it with unlawful hands
ought to be supported and not
punished. It believes' that the minds
of the voters of Coos county were
befogged by false issues, raised by
those who are seeking t escape
the consequences of their own wrong
doing.
The Journal will await, with some
little anticipatory interest, to see
what the incoming county judge
will do with the $ 10,000 suit of resti
tution brought by County Judge
Watson. Will he win it? Or will he
lose it?
A man in Illinois' has just been
awarded by the federal government
1100 for4a horse killed during the
Civil war. This is material on which
Borah, Sherman and his other critics
shold. be able to show that the
president is over, in Paris in behalf
of a rainbow-chasing League of Na
tions while government business at
home Is Inexcusably and notoriously
neglected. A CENTURY'S HERITAGE
AN ILLUMINATING, as well as
fascinating, survey of ihe main
currents of European develop
' ment from the time of the Holy
Alliance to the League of Nations is
the recent work of Guglielmo Fer
rero,' the well known Italian his
torian. It shows that while there
have been periods in which the
ideals of liberty have apparently
been obscured by the .clouds of re-
actlop they have continued to live.
uui or me past may be seen
emerging the future, slowly, un
certainly and painfully, but surely
making for the rule of the people
instead of that of kings and for
the establishment of the principle
of nationality and self determination
Instead of that of dynasty.
Looking back on the past, with
Perrero, one sees that the present
day of liberalism of the world Is but
the fruit of principles that germ
inated and struggled for existence
in the century that preceded the
recent 'world war. v
The rights of small nations are
being proclaimed today. In 1830
Lafitte, in the French chamber of
deputies, declared: "France would not
permit any great power to inter
vene either in Belgium or Italy to
overpower by force the will of small
nations."
It is proposed to render Germany
powerless for militarism by abolish
ing conscription. Ah abortive attempt
was made by the restoration in
France to -: protect itself against
future temptation by a similar pro
ceeding. 3 r ' ' - ' . "
It Lenin and -his followers succeed
in establishing a communism in
Russia Jjhey will have achieved what
the Parisian workmen ' strove . ; fof
but failed to attain in 1848. ;-
The League of Nations striving for
a durable peace for the world is
only aiming at the same goal of
which the Holy Alliance at its in
ception dreamed. " -
On the other band, it is pointed out
by the Italian historian that- if
principles that are coming to. fruition
today budded in a century that saw
their apparent controversion,- those
that have come to defeat through
the war attained full stature In the
same period. To Bismarck's exploita
tion of the chaos into which Europe
fell after the, great liberal move
ment of lfi '8 Ferrero traces the4
cataclysm just ended.
In discussing a League Af Nations
Ferrero holds that its chief essen
tials should be that the states form
ing it should undertake to recognize
and deal only with legally constituted
governments; that they should pledge
themselves to respect . nationality
and that they should undertake to
reduce armaments to the lowest
limits. ,
A concluding generalization is that
the Germanic confederation set up
by the congress of - Vienna in 1815
furnishes a precedent for the order
of things contemplated by a society
of nations.
A Missouri girl, startled when a
rooster suddenly flew at her on the
street, died of fright, but there is no
authentio record of any Missouri
youth ever having been scared to
death by a chicken..
OUR SOCKLESS DAYS
SCHOOL days, now, are not like
they -used to he in the days of
long ago, when the little red
schoolhouse sat upon the hill.
When the boys and girls walked
long distances down, or up, the dusty
lanes, "dinner bucket" in hand, to
fight and conquer the three R's,
there were no "loud sock" days to
celebrate. Most of them were sock
less days, when grimy toes exerted
direct action upon the hidden roots
along the way and bumble bees
found no leather armor between
their stingers and their shrieking
prey.
Those were happy days. We can
see them and feel them yet. The
ancient pedagogue and the bunch
of hazel wands conspicuous upon
his desk. The battered water bucket
we used to lug as a mark of merit
to the distant spring and back..
The tin dipper, unabashed at bugs
and germs, that ntade its halting
round from lip to" lip. The deep
cut initials, heart entwined, upon
the creaking benches. The woodbox
in the corner, and the bulging stove
ever hungry for bur "rubber gum."
Recess and noon, abd hardboiled eggs
and slabs of apple pie. The scuffles
in the hallway when the day was
done. The lagging journey home
ward, past the "swimmin' hole" to
supper and the chores.
Let them have their "loud sock
days." but give us back, O Time, our
sockless days.
Now that Postmaster Burleson has
turned the wire systems back into
private operation and control maybe
the telephone service will speed up
and they will quit sending telegrams
from place to place in suitcases, just
to show how much better the owners
can run the business for themselves
than they could do it for the gov
ernment; WOULD THEY WIN OR LOSE?
WHAT will "those industrious gen
tlemen in congress who are
now started out to lambaste
the railroad administration for
its two hundred million dollar deficit
answer to the statement of former
Director General McAdoo' in relation
thereto? He says it was necessary
to save England, France and Italy
from starvation, and was responsible
for winning the war. Will they con
tend the result was not worth the
price?
There are always two sides to a
story. During wartime it often
happens that only the one side is
apparent. This aeems to have been
the case regarding railroad opera
tions during the past year.
Mr. McAdoo says and he ought
to know that for the two months
prior to February, 1918, the ship
ments of American cereals to Europe
were 900,000 tons "short of require
ments. Because of this the rattans
of the Italian army had been twice
reduced and those of the French
army once. The civil populations of
Italy, France and England were on
the point of starvation, and the
morale of the three nations was
weakening under the strain. The
premiers of the three countries met
at Versailles, combined In an appeal
to President Wilson that he rush
wheat to their countries to save the
situation, in the trenches and be
hind them.
The railroads of America: were
mobilized to meet the emergency,
food shipments were granted abso
lute priority on February 8, alt
available, rolling stock was rushed
to the Western wheat districts, em
ployes were given definite instructions-
to speed , up food shipments
for European consignment, and at
the end of five weeks ; more ; wheat
was piled on Atlantic 5 coast ; docks
than the allied ships could handle.
Had it not been for this and other
war emergencies " Mr. McAdoo con
tends that the - railroad administra
tion's 1918 deficit would have been
turned Into &' profit. He, points out
that the government was then spend
ing $00,000,000 a : day to win" the
war. He calls attention to the ; fact
that the railroad .deficit represents
but three and a half days' expendi
ture, and was responsible for saving
the armies and the civil population
of the allies from j collapse.
Would those 'who are -clamoring
against the expenditures .of the rail
road administration have had it
otherwise? Did they want the war
won, or lost?
CONGRESSIONAL. WARRIORS
A BRUNETTE Individual by the
name of Villa is, once, more
ramping about, the hills and
vales of tormented Mexico, threat
ening to swoop down upon the seat
of government and demonstrate to a
more or less weary world that he
is the . man who put the "ran" in
Carranza. All of which should be
of much interest to those sated per
sons who lift thefr dulled olfactories
into every changing bree2e to catch
the taint of distant blood and battle.
If memory does "not fail, not very
many inebriated moons have stag
gered towards the dipper since vari
ous and sundry temporary residents
of Washington, D. C, were demanding
that Uncle Sam step across the Rio
Grande, bump Francisco on his bal
cony and comb Carranza's whiskers
with the cactus from which Burbank
had not removed the overabundant
spines. It is true, and sad, perhaps,
that the little job across the pond
forced those vociferous congressional
and editorial warriors to train their
leathern batteries from Mexico to
wards the rising sun and leave Villa
and his bubbling revolution to sim
mer along forgotten and alone.
But now since the hungry hordes
of Germany, have switched their on
slaughts from Uncle Samuel's dough
boys to Herbert Hoover's dough, and
the din of continental conflict has
faded and gone until the yippins of
Mr. Villa comes again up from the
south like a -wakeful cricket in the
night, what of Intervention, that in
terrupted epic of a little time ago ?
Now that we have licked the Ger
mans, what are those valiant vocal
ists in congress going to do? Sit
down and let their pipes fill up with
rust? Or will they dent the mesa
with Francisco's dome and hang Car
ranza's whiskers on a Mexican crab
apple tree? We live to learn.
Now we read that the laundry
workers of Paris have gone out on
strike for higher wages and better
working conditions. No, wonder,
with all the international linen that
is being washed in that city.
THE ORIGINAL COLLEGLAN?
PROFESOR GARNER, who, inci
dentally, has the name for the
job, is reported to have discov
ered the "missing link" deep
in the wilds of the French Congo.
It is, he says, a cross between a
gorilla and a chimpanzee, and it has
a lingo all its own. He brought home
a specimen, dead it is to be re
gretted, but in its semi-human form
nevertheless.
The natives, so Professor Garner
informs us, understand its jargon
and are able to converse with it.
It speaks,7 he says, with a loud voice
and a vocabulary clearly remindful
of the average college yell. When it
desires to say, "Here I am" it shakes
its tangled locks and emits, "Ha
Hool" When it wants to ask,
"Where are you?" it bellows, "Wa
Hoo ?"
Maybe it is the missing link. Maybe
it is the college youth of the little
understood Darwinian university of
nature. Maybe we see, at -football
games and such. its. evolution and
hear its evoluted voice. But civil
ization has accomplished one thing.
Professor Garner's discovery is noted
for its shyness, a characteristic
seemingly indigenous to the jungle,
lost in transit between the age of
the past and that of the present.
AT FIFTY-FOUR
FRANK A. VANDERLIP, for 10
years the president of the Nation
al CityJ)ank of New York, has
resigned "to get acquainted with
his children and do useful work."
Mr. Vanderlip has been 1 the execu
tive head of one of the country's
greatest financial institutions for a
long time. He went into the position
when he was 44 years of age, and
he has stepped out of his own voli
tion when he is 54 years old. He
has done something that few great
financiers have done, stepped out from
under the executive burdens. .bearing
him down before the breaking point
has been reached.
To the ordinary mind it is an easy
and a comfortable thing to be the
president of a great financial institu
tion, or of any business of large
capital and extensive scope. It seems
a life of mahogany furnished offices,
a continual round of banquets, one
leng dream of luxury. But it is not.
It is a life that burns men up and
breaks them down. They drive at
high speed through the meridian and
giveaway when the shadows begin
to shift to the, east of them. Many
of them can not step out frem under
the load they have had -'put upon their
shoulders, and are crushed, by it
Something of this 'is reflected in
Mr. iVanderlip's statement that he
intends "to get acquainted with bis
Children." It Is difficult for the cap
tains of - industry ; or finance to mixj
borne life with business. ; . ,
I The ;unhappy thing is that multi
tudes among the toiling mass are not
In position at 54 ' to lay aside their
life work to get acquainted with their
children..
"Senate is "heated over treaty leak"
a' current headline tells us. So that
is the cause .. ot-alL the hot air.
SATISFYING OLD
SAM ADAMS
Federal Constitution's Vam Bitter
. Aa Tbose of League of Nations
(The foQo1n article, by William E. Barton,
pablithed to tha Independent, iaaant out m
a pamphlet, by tha Leaane to Enforce Peace, e(
ntfcich William H. Tatt ia preakieat.
In 177 tnere was an alliance of 13
email : etate. who fonsht a German
kins.- then reltming In Great Britain, in
order to make one corner of the world
safe for democracy. That war came
to a auccesful termination, mad then
the question became a preealn- one
whether democracy was safe for the
world. For several years ; there was a
situation closely akin to anarchy. After
several years of uncertainty and near
anarchy, it was decided to try the ex
periment of creating- a league of 13
small nations, banded together to pre
serve peace and promote the common
welfare. In order to secure these ends,
the federal constitution was prepared
and. submitted to the states ; the same
instrument which constitutes the model
for the proposed League of Nations.
. The constitutional convention met in
Independence hall, with George Wash
ington in the chain The meetings were
beld in secret, and what was done was
not revealed for 80 years, when the
journals kept by James Madison were
published. It is well that the people
did not know from day to day what was
happening. It is well that the three
great statea of Massachusetts, New York
and Virginia did not know how their
precious liberties were being tampered
with, or they might have called their
delegates home. It was felt by the con
vention that if the , discussions were
secret, the delegates could wrangle with
perfect freedom, and if they came finally
to agreement the 13 states would have
only the agreement to consider and not
any of the material of the delaate. That
was fortunate. . If the 13 states, and
especiaUy the three or four largest ones,
had been able to fling: into the faces of
their returning delegates some of the
things which they had said on the floor,
saying to them, "Why did you vote for
an Instrument of which you yourself
said this?" the 13 colonies might have
gone to the bow-wows and the Bolshe
viM. r
Finally, the constitution was adopted
by the convention, and submitted to the
13 states.
And they all saw what a noble instru
ment it was, and hastened to adopt it?
Not quite in that fashion.
But the great states were first to see
how great an instrument it was?
Not exactly.
When George Washington went back
to Virginia and submitted the fruit of
his toil, Patrick Henry rose in heat and
shouted, "Even from the man who saved
us by his valor, I will demand a reason
for his conduce Why does this Instru
ment say We, the people? Why does it
not say, We, the' states'?" And Patrick
Henry was not alone in his demand.
How did the constitution of the United
States get itself adopted? On its merits?
Well, hardly. Its adoption was the re
sult of a number of compromises and of
sops thrown to Cerberus.
First of all, the favor of the Southern
states was secured by giving them more
than their share of delegates to congress.
They were permitted representation' not
only on their free citizens, but a repre
sentation is reduced proportion on their
slaves. That insured the favor of the
Carolinas and Georgia and Virginia
acted as a kind of stakeholder in that
arrangement'; for Virginia, while a slave
state, was represented in the convention
by men who earnestly desired the end of
slavery. The three states south of Vir
ginia were determined never to accept
the constitution unless they secured rep
resentation for their slaves, and without
those three states the constitution could
not have been' adopted. So they were
first won over by his compromise. Five
slaves were permitted to count as many
as three white men, and Georgia, and the
Carolines became advocates of the con
stitution. The next thing was a bargain between
New England and the South by which
the new federal government might make
trade regulations for the entire country
in exchange for permission to keep the
slave trade going till 1808. It went hard
with some of the states to give up the
right to Impose import duties on ship
ments from other statea New York was
determined to make every Connecticut
farmer pay import duties on every dozen
eggs he brought to the city to sell, and
Connecticut retaliated by refusing to
ship any firewood to New York-. The
privilege of having little scraps like this
was very precious to the 13 free and
mightly independent states, and this
mean compromise was adopted to make
it possible for the national government
to take over commerce regulations. To
her everlasting honor, Virginia voted
against the compromise, and did it on
the ground of the iniquity of the slave
trade. It is almost - the only large-
minded and' righteous act of any of the
greater states in the convention. George
Mason said, '.'Every master of slaves is
a petty tyrant. They bring the judg
ment of heaven on a country. As nations
cannot be rewarded or punished in the
next world, they must be in this. By
an inevitable chain of cause and effect.
Providence punished national sins " with
national calamities." That was what
Virginia said about slavery In 178". But
New England and the far South made
the bargain, and it went through against
the protest of Virginia. The convention
hoped that in 20 years slavery itself
would "end.
e
But still the constitution could hardly
have been carried. And so an arrange
ment was made to secure the favor of
the smaller states by giving them equal
representation in the senate with the
larger states and making legislation im
possible without concurrent action of
both bodies. That brought over Rhode
Island and Delaware and other small
states (though Rhode Island backed out
of the bargain), and without this nothing
could have been accomplished. For our
noble constitution could not have been
adopted by the far-seeing and unselfish
leadership of the great states. All the
states, large and small, were too petty,
too jealous, too selfish, too prone to ask
how their local interests would be af
fected. So the proposed constitution was sub
mitted first of all to congress. Whose
voice was first raised regarding It? That
of Richard Henry Lee, who 11 years
before had moved the adoption of the
declaration of independence. Did he
move to adopt the constitution? He did
rot. He organised the forces to oppose
It. Who stood next to him? Nathan
Dane, the able leader of the delegation
from Massachusetts. . , And who next?
The solid delegation from the great state
of New York. They were not going to
have any League ef Nations.
For eight days the three great states
of New York, Massachusetts ' and Vir
ginia tried to' obstruct the measure, "and
they were past masters in all the arts of
Obstruction. But at length the congres
sional vote was taken and the constitu
tion was transmitted to the several
states.
.Pennsylvania was first to approve It
for submission , to the vote -for a con
stitutional convention. She carried ft
FLOS FLORLfM
By George
BUT as he that passeth by
Where, in all her Jollity,
Flora's riches In row .
Do in seemly order fiw.
And a thousand flowers iUnd
Bending as to kiss his hand;
Out of which delightful store
One he may take and no more;
Long he piuseth j doubtinf whether
Of those fair, one he should tther.
First the Primrose courts his eyes.
Then a Cowslip he espies;
Next the Pansy seems to woo him,
Then Carnations! bow unto him;
"Which whilst that enamoured swain
From thei stock Intends to strain
(As half-fearinic to be seen),
Prettily her leaves between
Peeps the-Violet, pale to see
That her virtues slighted be;
.Which so much his liking wiiys.
That to seize her he begins.
Yet before be stooped so low
He his wanton eye did throw
On a stem that grew more high,
And the Rose did there espy.
Who, beside her precious scent.
To procure his eyes content
Did display her jcoodty breast.
When be found at full exprest
All the Rood that Nature showers
On a thousand other flowers ;
Wherewith he affected takes it.
His beloved flower he makes it, .
And without desire of : more
WStlks through all he saw before.
OBSERVATIONS AND IMPRESSIONS
OF THE JOURNAL MAN
r By Fred Loekley ,
Major BeU'a moat intereatinc story of bta
experiences and obeervajtion -mbilm to " Uncle
Sam's aerviee in Siberia, opened yesterday in
tnia speo. ia concluded today. It should truly
prove a profitable tale, ainee It not only pev
afcsta the usual con trait immeassrably favorable
to America and Ha HtnsUtaUona, but ansseets
srronwla of hope for a future, and a snas one.
for Siberians if and Srhen they set tit right
sort of help. . j '
"When I arrivu at. Vladivostok." said
Major Walter C. Belt, lately in the army
medical service In Siberia, and whom X
met a few days ago, "the Russian
ruble,' two of which . In normal
times are worth SI 4 our money, had
depreciated till you could buy nine of
them for 1 American money. When X
left, the rate of exchange was 15 rubles
for an American dollar bill. If you pay
for your dinner with an American S20
bill, you get a hatful of change, includ
ing ruble notes, bond coupons, postage
stamps and local currency. In- your
change you will receive Chinese notes,
Japanese notes, Kolchak i-ruble notes.
Petrograd notes, Kerensky notes, soviet
notes, ""tingummed postage stamps
wrapped ia bundles worth 3 rubles, and
all sorts of Bolshevik currency, to say
nothing of local currency that j is.
money issued by local firms and which
can be" spent only at ' their; respective
stores. Add to this the counterfeit notes
and the unstamped notes and you have
an utterly chaotic financial system.
There is no gold, silver or copper money
in circulation. Every political party,
every community and many firms are
flooding the market with paper money,
much of which is about as valuable as
Continental. -Confederate or Mexican;
bills. The moujiks go on the theory;
that the prettiest money is the best, so
if -.you get hold of a bill with clasped
hands or a farmyard scene on it. It
looks good to. them. Eventually most
of the paper money will be worth only
what it will bring for old paper.
"The Russians: are good-natured, eas
ily led, kindly and inefficient. uney
have a etreak of savagery and another
of sadness. The movie film that does
not have all the leading; characters
kUled in the last act is not popular.
They may get by with it if the hero
by a vote of 45 to 19 in her legislature,
which had but one house. As 47 were
necessary to make a quorum, and the
minority determined to defeat tle con
stitution by staying away, two members
of the minority were taken violently
from their rooms and forcibly held in
heir seats in the legislature, where, mut
tering and using bad language, they
were compelled to sit during the brief
space of time required for the vote,
which went through 45 to 2. In this
dignified and far-vlsloned manner did
the first state legislature go on record
in favor of the new League of Nations.
e e e
Then followed stump speeches, pam
phlets, caricatures and vilification, which
Is more instructive than edifying to re
member. What need had the 13 wlonles
for a new constitution? Were not the
articles of confederation good enough
for us? Had we not under them whipped
Great Britain? And who were these
men who were trying to ; cut the 18
colonies loose from their ;well known
policy and serd them to certain wreck
in their folly? Washington who was
Washington? A good -general mfjrbe.
tut what did he know about politics?
There were not lacking ! those j who
openly denounced him as an old fool.
As for Hamilton, he was a believer in
monarchy, anyway. Franklin was an
old dotard, who had come back from
France to bring us into! bondage to
European ideals. - I ' ' - i ' A
And how was the new government to
work? . There would have to be a
president, doubtless! and what was a
rresidentbut a iwppet king? i
If one of the.etates got into trouble
must another state get her out? If
Rhode island continued to muddle mat
ters as she always had done, must i Mas
sachusetts stand responsible? If Dela
ware -went to war must New York send
roldlers to defend her? i
'I-'-"-.
Pennsylvania had been first to ap
prove the constitution for submission
to a convention. But- it was done, as
will be remembered, against the protest
of two gentlemen held forcibly in! their
seats and 15 ethers locked in i their
rooms and refusing to come, out and
vote. Th'jse protestants i organised a
vigorous opposition, and Richard Henry
Lee of Virginia became the leader of
it; for Pennsylvania would be the first
state whose convention I would j vote.
Then rose James Wilson, whom we have
almost forgotten, and met the filibuster
iogr and obstructive measures with calm
reason and skiUful parliamentary; pro
cedure. While Pennsylvania was neld
up in this fashion Delaware hurried a
vote and approved the constitution, and
New Jersey followed ; but not till
Pennsylvania, forced to a vote, adopted
the constitution by a twe thirds .vote
of if to 23. Only nine states out of
the IS were needed, and one third of
them approved In Iecmber, 1787.
To be sure, James Wilson was hanged
and burned In efOgy for what he did.
and the almanac for 1788, containing
the text of the new constitutioni wa-
publicly cursed and burned with due
rtremony in. divers and sundry place
in this free and enlightened laud.y .
Georgia, already, committed to . the
measure by her slave representation and
the. privilege of Importing negroe for.
20 years, ratified the constitution on
January 2, and Connecticut,, grateful
that New York could not tax,her! pota-
J: - -ft-il -..'4: :-1 K;V-J;:
Wither
and heroine commit suicide In the last
100 feet ef fUm. That 1 their Idea of
a haDDT endin&r.
. "Our American boys are popular with
the. Russian girls, and a soldier can
have a temporary wife without any re
flections on the girl of his choice. It
fa the custom of the country. It is a
matter of geography.
TO ,n rutiAvvA kr 1SS American
nffWra whs left San Francisco on Feb
ruary 25 and arrived at Vladivostok on
March X. We pulled out in a heavy
snow storm, April 1. breaking: the Ice in
the harbor to get to sea. A week later
we were at Manila, with the thermome-
mr a 105 in the shads. X SOent a COOd
part of the five days we were there
under the shower bath.
"Tab. it. ia cold in Siberia In winter.
One steamer came In backward '.while
T was there. Offshore K0 miles it hit
a storm. The waves broke over its
prow and the ice formed a solid mass
up to the bridge. The weight of the ice
tipped the vessel forward till the pro
peller was out of the water. The cap
tain was afraid the boat would turn
turtla ' aa ha turned around and backed
his way toward Vladivostok. It took
six days to back the 160 miles. The Ice
soon formed on the stem and brought
the ship on , an even keel. They cut
their way to the bridge with axes and
live steam.
"Yes. it Is cold, but not cold enough
to' kill the cooties, which are a greater
menace than the Bolshevikl. -
o "l met S. T. Short, who was with the
American Red Cross in Siberia. His
father, the Rev. W. S. Short, had a
church at Astoria. The Y. M. C. A. is
iinin enoA vnrlc over there. It fur
nishes movies and other entertainment'
ana JS putting on an eostauuiiai r"-
gram.
..... - ' e ."
"I believe U will be 10 or 12 years
before conditions become settled in Rus
sia and Siberia. The little red school
house and its product Is the solution of
the matter. Education Is the key that
will help turn the rusty lock of Russia
and Siberia."
toes and that she had as many senators
as Massachusetts, followed Just a week
later.
-. a e e
' Massachusetts was the first of the
large states to come in. She came with
great travail of soul S In her constitu
tional convention were, among others,
24 ministers, and to their everlasting
honor they were among the most In
telligent and progressive men there. But
it is doubtful how the matter would
have gone had not old Ham Adams
changed his mind. He sat for three
weeks In the convention and -never
opened his mouth, and when he finally
spoke ft was to utter three words, "J
am satisfied." On February . 17S8.
Massuchusetts ratified the constitution
by a very narrow vote of 187 to 168,
becoming the sixth state to ratify.
Maryland came in on April 28, and
New Hampshire's convention met, but
ltimidly adjourned till June to see what
. . . . a . rt . i
ine Diner states woiua aa. ouum
Una ratified in May, and New Hamp
shire met again In Juhe and ratified,
Virginia following, after a long and
bitter debate, making,, one more than
the necessary nine states. Most bitter
was the controversy In New York, whf re
Hamilton won a belated victory With
a small majority of 30 to 27 on July 26.
Petty as were the large states, the
small ones, which had most to gain
by the union, proved even more petty.
North Carolina did not ratify until
George Washington, had been president
for some months ana Rhode Island be
came one of the United States of Amer
ica, May 29, 1790. Had she waited Just
a little longer Vermont, which was not
one of the original IS, would have got
ten In ahead of her. For a year and
more it had been Rhode Island uber
allesj but Rhode Island came in, with
many misgivings for her precious rights,
having so many sacred Interests to
guard that she needed two capitals.
Providence and Newport, j.
e e e
The value of this look backward Is
to be found In the discovery that there
Is nothing now beirrg said against a
League of Nations that was ; not said
in 178S with equal aogency, bitterness
and fear that the liberties of America
were forever doomed If this thing, should
be done. Whoever desires to make a
good speech against the League of Na
tions as it is proposed in the year of
our Lord 1919 will find it already made
for him In the year 17S8. Those speeches
are not very edifying as we read thorn
now, but they . appear quite as able,
farsighted and statesmanlike as some
speeches now being made will appear
In t30 years.
In the while history of the adoption
ef the constitution the small states
acted from small motives and the
larger states from smaller motives In
proportion to their strength and leader
ship. No state acted so badly as New
York, exoept Rhode Island. But even
Rhode Island did finally get in, and
New York gave up reluctantly the power
of taxing potatoes. and eggs that she
imported from Connecticut, and 4 as
sumed an obligation to assist In pro
tecting from invasion a stats as remote
and HI mannered as Rhode Island. By
a succession of political miracles and
much log rolling that noble Instrument
was adopted which never could have
been adopted on Its own merits, and the
United States became a nation, and a pat
tern for the United States of the World.
Ragtag and Bobtail
Stories from Everywhere
A Kid's Hard Luck
rP WAS plain to be seen, says the Gen
esee Journal, that Arthur. S years old.
had. something on his. mind. ; It was
eomemlnr that concerned Christmas and
his neighbor, Jimmy, Finally he said
to- ms mother:-
"I guess I'll give Jimmy his knife for
Christmas."
"Have you Jimmy's knife?" the mother
Inquired.
"Yes, I found it a long, tlms as-o. He
thinks It's lost. But findin's keepin's.
you know." ,
The mother made no comment, for she
knew something else was coming. And
then her son said:
"I might as well give it to him. I
can't use it 'cause he's with me all the s
lime. -
The Finest SlQht of All
The f!net"sisbt a . , . ,j
Journalist ever erne in
, ' A trucklnad of but mils of
. . I'rint paper seine delirered iitlu
The baarmont.
What would he the fun of
VVritins editorials and '
1'sracrapha and poems .
And junk like this
If there was nothing- :
To print it onT
i'liiladeliihla Evening I.iltfr. '
' Uncle Jeff Snow Says;
It looks 'slf the water wagon was to .
be the national emblem purty soon, or.
leastways the Great American Eagte'U
hereafter be pictured standln' - on one.
The way bur boose patriots is a-pendin'
of their hard-earned wealth to ekeertiie
bird often that there vehicle would
make a crocodile weep, 'specially con
slderin aa their hard-earnt wealth was
earnt by other folks.
The Ifws in Paragraphs
World Happenings Briefed for Benefit
of Journal Readers
GENERAL .
Greek forces have occupied the towns V
of Alvall and Rhira, on the west coast .
of Asia Minor.
Jamaica ginger has been declared to
be intoxicating In Maine and its sale or
possession unlawful.
The Bolshevikl have been forced fas
evacuate the town of Uralsk, capital of
tha territory of Uralsk. ,
"A forest fire stretching over a mile
front Is reported In the Bear Tooth
country north of Helena, Mont, i
Allied intervention In Hungary is
urged by Count Julius Andrassy. former
Austro-Hungar lan foreign minister.
- A street car upset while going around
a curve at Milwaukee, Wis., Friday eve
ning and 60 persons were injured.
The army school at Fort Leavenworth. ,
Kan., and the general staff college In
Waahlnirton will open September 1.
"The Official Catholic Directory ," Just
published, shows there are 17,549,324
Catholics in the 48 states of the Union.
Grasshoppers threaten to destroy, the
hay and grain crops of California, and
the state has appropriated 12000 to fight
the pests. ,
The East Ban Diego State bank at San
Diego, Ca!.. was entered by two men
Friday and robbed of $7000. The men
escaped in an automobile.
A new altitude record for Womn avia
tors was made at Issy Les Molineaux,
France, Friday, when Baroness la Koch
ascended to a height of 12,80! feet.
-Mexican rebels prevented a tralnload
Of federal troops from reinforcing thn
garrison at Juarez by blowing up a rail
road bridge on the Mexican. Northwest
railway. -
Owing to a great Improvement in the
situation during the past few month.,.
Belgium Is now In a ponltlon to feed any .
number of tourists who may visit the
country. I '
- Jose Ines Davllla, former federal Kn
eral, has been killed in battle in the ntatt
of Oaxaca, Mexico, after having been in
revolt against the government for more
than four years.
Director General Hlnes estimates that
the railroad administration incurred a
deficit of $58,000,000 in April, making a
total deficit of 2.r.0,0OO,0O0 for the first
four months of the year.
Mrs. May Bradley-Kosack-Davis-For-ter.
Just 20 years old, was arrested in
San Francisco Friday and admitted that
she had been married three times, never
divorced, and that all three of her hus
bands were living.
Adoption of an Industrial relations
plan, carrying wih It provlalons for an
nuities for employes and giving them a
voice !n matters pertaining to relations
with emplovers, is announced by the
Standard Oil company.
NORTHWEST NOTES
Elma, Wash., will provide a free camp
ing site for auto tourists.
Organisation of an aviation company,
with an airplane panaenger service to
any point desired, is announced at Spo
kane. X proposal to establish-military train
ing In the high schools of ripokane was
rejected by the school board by unani
mous vote.
Burglars blew off the first door of the
Mosler Valley bank vault at Moaler
Thursday nlirht, but were unable to opmn
the Inside safe.
Burglars have robbed the "United -States
navy buildings at the University
of Washington of f 1000 worth of bras
lighting fixtures. '- !
A class of 40 will graduate from the
Vancouver high school on June 20. Or
ville Rice will be valedictorian and Miss
Ulrdella Lavelle saluUtorian.
Hormlsto will be the soene of the
Umatilla county fair this fall, the board
having selected October 22, 23 and 24 for
the hog and dairy show to be held there.
A meeting of the charter members of
the Y. W. C. A. will be he.ld In Van
couver next Tuesday for.: the purpose nt
electing the permanent board of control.
' Robert Burns, for many years freight
and paseengerj agent for the O-W. It. &
N.. dropped dead Friday afternoon In a
Walla walla drug store while talking
to a friend.
V. Von Falkenthall was released from '
the penitentiary at Salem Friday, only
to be arrested by federal authorities n
an undesirable alien. He will be tie
ported to Germany.
The city of Yakima is to be asked
through its commission to provide ut
once adequate facilities for a publio
library. Under Its present limitations on
indebtedness the citjr ran bond for li
brary purposes to 355,000.
Major Lee Moorhoune of Pendleion,
Indian expert, has received an lnvitatirm
from Willamette university to supervise
the Indian and pioneer ehlbits at- the
Fiageant for the 75th anniversary of th
ounding of the institution.
Returned soldiers, sailors and ma
rines made a raid at Tacoma on a store
room rented by a Seattle pnlon paper
and all the contents were carried to a
nearby vacant lot and burned. The pro-
frtetor was ordered to leave town within
4 hours.
Great Fortunes Grow From
. : , Small Savings
(Stories of achievement in the aecamula.
tim of War Sasmea Stamps. nt to Tl.
Journal and e-itd for publication., will
be awarded a Thrift Stamp, j ,
Only because he had saved $50 was
the late Frank W. Woolworth able to
find a position In a dry goods store.
And this money he had saved under
the most disadvantageous circum
stances : he saved It while a lad work
ing ;wttli0ut regular pay on his
father's farm.
The Armour fortune-of today was
made possible only by .Philip Ar
mour's industry and frugality when a
young man working in California. He
saved $5000, earned chiefly by
digging. , ' - s
Thrift fits nips and 15M9 Wir Bsrinss
Stamps now on sale at usual ag-nri-a.