THE OREGON DAILY JOURNAL. PORTLAND, SATURDAY,, MAY 24, 1919,
'Alt ISDEPENDENT XBWSPAPEB
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After all, the kind of world one carries,
about in oneself is the important thins, and
the world- ouUide takes aU iU grace, color
and Tain from that '-.
James Bussell Lowell.
WHOSE FAULT?
i HOSE who would sign this
treaty will sign the death sen
tence of many millions or
German men. wornenN ana
children," is the statement of Count
'von Brockdorff-Uantzau, head of ttje
1 German peace delegation at Paris-
. ne aaas:
.' : Germany would lose three quarters
" of her mineral production and in ad-
' dltlon would be compelled to deliver
'enormous" consignments of coal to al-
f lied countries. After" this diminution
of her products, after the economic
depression caused ' by the loss of her
colonies! of her merchant fleet and of
' her possessions abroad, Germany would
- '. not be in a state to import from
i abroad ' a. -sufficient quantity of raw
material.
t But whose is the fault? Choosing
war as the game, Germany gambled
. . ' . 1 1 - ITn. flnot
tior more raw inierii. hd
move was to seize the coal fields and
tiron deposits of France and Belgium.
IShe had profited heavily by that
Jprocess in the seizure of the coal and
iiron of Lorraine in 1870, after beat
ling France Into submission.
I ,The Prussian junkers- played to
f repeat the process. Coal and Iron
I were the stakes she chose to gamble
ifof with guns, bayonets and men in
. 191i. J?he lost. -
Whose is the fault?
e " . - 1
"? Tlie general assembly of the Pres
Sbytcrian church in the United States
tof America, meeting in St. Louis, has
asked the general assembly of the
!lhresbyterian church in . the United
-States, meeting at New Orleans, to
enter Into new negotiations to bring
about an organic union of the two
churches Judging from their of
ficial names there is little to keep
the" two, organizations apart.
THE GATE OPEN
rEflE is a text' that Portland can
well adopt in. its contention with
the .government authorities for
the establishment of adequate
ocean carrier service for this port.
;lt ought to -receive some consider
fion for It is the statement of Chair
man Hurley of the United States
shipping board,- the agency , which
holds the " jower of approval or of
' veto over the question. Chairman
Hurley says:
; Arrangements must be made -where
by every section of the country will
have every . opportunity to establish
JJi rough , steamship lines In connection
with its railroads ag that every com
munity, may receive xirc.ciass service.
"That Is . the .arrangement Portland
has been contending for. It has the
railroads but It does not - have the
steamships. It' has attempted to get
-the- steamships. 'It' will not ?have
first class service until It does."
J Artificial barriers have been built
- tip about Portland by those who have
very "unartificiaK interests otherwise.
Artiffci&l. rates have been imposed
upon the district in order that these
interests might be served and de
veloped at other places. The rail
road terminals a.t Seattle and Tacoma
.have been constructed with the dif
ferentials : unjustly charged against
' Portland. Private and , corporate in-J
tercst has followed - its . investment
there to the detriment of Portland.,
v The statement of Chairman Hurley
sheds an . added gleam of hope upon
the situation" here. If first class
service Is . the goal " of the United
States' shipping board in its develop
ment of the American merchant ma
rine, and if through steamship 'lines
Jo , be operated" in connection : with
' tfie railroads serving a port, are a
necessary incident to first class serv-
ice,, as .the chairman seems .- to be
lieve," then it would seem . to follow
naturally that Portland will be given
ships. Portland ought to takeXhair-
man Hurley, at his word and stick
close to him until he makes it good
Faster ' train time is rpromlscd by
the - railroad administration between
Portland and San Francisco. There
is do doubt about' there being a lot
of thirsty Portlanders who . would
like to go to Frisco -on a fast train.
(Vhatr would the peace treaty be
Without the League of NaUins?t
Without the league what authority
would there ie to require Germany
to make the Indemnity payments?
Without the 'league, what authority
would there be to require Germany
to carry- out the; peace terms?
TIUS FARMERS WANT IT
T
MB market road bill is the
farmers, road bill. '
The farmers asked for it more,
than i two years ago. , and the
legislature refused to give them
the law. Instead the legislature se
cured passage of the 16,000,000 bond 1
issue which many, farmers opposed.
There is a mammoth road , pro
gram now. It contemplates a paved
trunk road from the Washington to
the California line. The fanners are
helping pay for it and all other
roads. .
That fact places the rest, of the
population under great obligation to
the- farmers. Their market bill ought
to be passed in fulfillment of that
obligation.
The bill proposes a tax levy that
will create a fund of about $1,000,000
a year for strictly market roads.
The fund has to be matched by
equal contribution by counties in
which such roads are built.
The market road is the route from
farm to railroad station and steam
boat landing. It lessens the cost
of delivery of farm products. In
cases it cuts that cost In half or
better. It contributes to the farm
er's prosperity,' and when you in
crease the farmer's prosperity you
swell the total of . money that runs
through the channels of trade.
Agriculture is Oregon's chief in
dustry. It is basic. Its prosperity
is a first essential' to general pros
perity. All things considered, and with the
farmers asking passage of the meas
ure, how can anyone, on his con
science, vote against the market road
bill?
Here and there along the public
market are places that stink. The
odors are eloquent of filth and should
have no place where human food is
sold. The market authorities or the
officials of the health bureau should
abate these nuisances.
THE EDDY PROGRAM
T
HE pivotal point about which the-
interest of the voters of the state
will undoubtedly center when
they go to the polls at the spe
cial election of June 3 is the so
called "Eddy reconstruction program"
measures, consisting of the "Five Mil
lion Dollar. Reconstruction Bonding
Amendment" and its companion bill,
the "Reconstruction Bonding Bill."
Generally speaking, the people have
become acquainted with the gist of
this program. They know that the
proposed 'amendment Is in the na
ture of a grant of power, to be given
by their votes to themselves, and
under' which they will have the con
stitutional authority to issue "recon
struction bonds" with which to fi
nance the reconstruction program as
outlined in. the Eddy bill. They know
that this amendment votes no bonds.
but that without its adoption no
bonds may be constitutionally voted;
that even though the majority of
their votes favored the issuance of
bonds for the purposes set out in the
Eddy biH that act could not live and
be administered without the adoption
of the amendment authorizing the
issuance of the bonds provided for
in the actK So they know that the
two must go. together or both will
fail in effectiveness.
But there is more uncertainty as to
the scope-and extent of the Eddy
bill, which, in direct effect, is the
vehicle upon which the reconstruc
tion program must be carried to
consummation, if at au. it may be
well, then, to restate just what this
act contemplates.
First, it Is important to be re
membcred that the entire program,
both the amendment and the pro
posed bill taken together, would
authorize the-issuance and sale of a
maximum of (3,000 fiOO in reconstruc
tion bonds. But it should also be
remembered that this maximum
authority does not, of necessity, mean
that 15,000,000 in bonds will be issued
The purpose of the- program !j to
block and ward from the state, dur
Ing the period of readjustment fol
lowing the return of large numbers
of demobilized soldiers, sailors and
marines to civil life,: the serious con
dition of unemployment threatened
during the coming fall and winter
when seasonal employment Is stag
nant and widespread, enforced Idle
ness so often prevails.
This intent was generally under
stood during the discussion of the
measures by the legislature which
submitted them to the people and is
specifically set out in section 1Q of
the Eddy act which says that the
board of control, in the issuance and
sale of the bonds, "shall have due
regard to the conditions existing as
to unemployment and shall so ar
range the expenditure 1 of ttio funds
. " as , ta relieve unemployment."
That -tins intent wiJk,be observed by
the board is made definitely certain
by the statement of Governor Olcott
that before any bonds are authorized
a serious emergency, fully apparant
to the -people, will have to eilatJ
Therefore it is to be ' assumed with
satisfying certainty that no more
money will, be expended' under the
program than is necessary to meet
unemployment conditions of serious
proportidns. ,
Stated briefly as possible," the Eddy
bill-pro Ides first, that a maximum
of , $3,00q00 In. bonds may be Issued
for public building and land settle
ment work. -Of this maximum total,
f 047,500 may, in the discretion of the
board, be set aside for use by the
land settlement commission In pro
viding developed homes- for soldiers,
sailors and marines. This amount.
or that proportion granted by the
board, would go into a revolving fund
to be used in preparing farms and
selling them on reasonable terms to
honorably discharged service men. It
would be returned as payments were
made, to be again used for the bene
fit , of other ' homeseekers. . . t
This leaves a maximum of $2,358,500
of bonds to be sold, should the board
so determine, for the construction of
certain specified public buildings set
out in the act. Here again it is to be
remembered that the board -has the
discretion to build none of these
buildings, a few of them, or all, as
the unemployment necessity may de
termine. The second phase of the act deals
with the reclamation of land by irri
gation, drainage., or clearing logged
off areas. For this purpose the board
is authorized to issue and sell not
to exceed 12,000,000 o bonds. . There
is, however, a vital limitation and
advantage upon the use of bond
money secured for this purpose, that
is to say, none of it may be used
until the federal government has
agreed to spenT dollar for dollar
with the state in the development and
improvement of any reclamation
project undertaken.
As a result, should the boardf de
termine to sell and use the entire
amount of $2,000,000 it would mean
irrigation, drainage or other reclama
tion work done in the state to the
extent of $4,000,000. Still further, the
board is authorized to enter into con
tract agreements with irrigation or
drainage districts so that it would-be
possible to require them to bear their
agreed proportion of the development
cost, which might easily increase the
development expenditures to three or
even four times the amount of the
funds advanced by the state. ;
And it should be particularly noted
here that the amount provided Ty
the state for such reclamation work
is an advance or loan, to be repafd
both as to principal and interest by
the land owners to the state, treasury
upon such terms . and within such
time as the state board of .control
may designate in. the contracts made.
"4
The final result, then, of the ex
penditure of this entire fund would
be reclamation development of at
least double its amount without ulti
mate cost to the treasury or charge
against the taxpayers. What such
development would mean to the state
through Increased assessable values
of developed land, as well as increased-
production from idle land
made capable of intensive cultivation,
can be readily understood.
This, in. summary, points to the
scope and possibilities of the Eddy
program as embodied In the bonding
amendment and the bonding bill. It
could be more aptly called a con
structive than a reconstruction pro
gram.' The money it calls for would
be used, either in whole or in part,
for the construction of permanent
public improvements or permanent
and much needed slate development.
As to the necessity for tile construc
tion of public buildings there might
be some debate, but that phase of
the program has been interpolated to
meet an emergency and its adminis
tration may safely be left to- the
sound business judgment and dis
cretion of the board of control.
As to the general benefit and ad
vancement that would flow to the
state from the reclamation features
of the program there can be no ques
tion. It alone, and, without deroga
tion of the other features of. the
program, makes the proposition well
worth while.
WASTED MONEY
1
F HE were paying his hired man
$25,000 a year, any farmer would
worry somewhat over whether
he was getting his money's worth.
If the employe were- handling the
farmer's money, there would be even
greater concern . as to how the
finances were being disbursed. It
would be txactly the same wtth any
business man.
The farmers and business jnen of
the country are' paying around
$25,000 a year for each United States
senator and a sum ' somewhat less
for each congressman.
Special articles by The Journal's
Washington correspondent show the
wastefulness with which senators
and congressmen as a whole are
functioning. Seventy purchasing
-agents are employed when one would
suffice. ; Seventeen policemen in the
senate office building and 11 in the
house office building-are employed
when one in each would be enough
A seven hour day,. Saturday half
holiday several months in the year.
summer ; vacation on full pay and
sick leaves for thousands of govern
ment employes in Washington where
the policy is to do as little as
possible, is a rat-hole for wasted
money. , , , .
The people's money is spent with
out a budget system. Taft asked' fpr
a budget and Wilson asked' for it
But congress refuses " it becausef it
would be the business way of doing
it, and many pet employes be , dis
placed and political time servers lose
their jobs,
. We pay little heed because the
money for this waste "is "collected
largely by indirect taxation. We pay
it in higher prices for food, clothing
and shelter, ; Jut the same.
We ought to ' establish the Plan
of , having. ;eaqh estate pay senators
and congressmen direct, if only for
a temporary period. . -Then we would
see some of the money go. Then a
real howl would be raised.' 1
GERMANY'S DAY
OF WRATH
Antagonists Represent All - That
.. Fatal to Old Regimes.
Is
Frost thar Christian i Science Monitor.
At 10 minutes past 2 oil the after
noon of the seventh of May, 1915, the
Cunard steamship Lusitanla- was torpe
doed and sunk, off the coast of Ireland,
by German submarines. At 3 :17, or
allowing' for the difference between
Irish and French time, almost at the
same hour,- four years later, the Ger
man delegates were handed the peace
terms of the allied powers in the salon
of the Grand Trianon, at Versailles.
The scene of the delivery-was not an
inappropriate one.' In the house built
by Louis XIV as the somber if stately
home of courtly pietism, Jn the grounds
of the palace where the victorious gen
erals of King William of Prussia had
listened to the proclamation of the re
habilitation of the old German empire,
the deputation from the government of
the new German republic waited for and
received the document of retribution.
.'..
It would be quite impossible, after
reading this lengthy document, not to
realize the severity of the terms. And
there is little doubt that it is only the.
economic condition in which Germany
finds herself which has prevented them
from being still more severe. 'The great
empire which, in the summer of the
year 1914, had reached the zenith ..of its
power and wealth, has fallen, in a day
as It were, as fell the empires of the
past. And yet it is easy to realize. In
reading the terms, that it is the safety
of the world rather than the destruction
of a great power which the peace con
ference had In view in framing Its
terms. The world In 1919 is a very
different place from what It was when
the Napoleonic empire was erushed, by
the allied powers of Europe, in Its effort '
to dominate humanity. The conference j
in Vienna was far more engaged in i
shoring up the rights of autocracy in i
Berlin, Irr St. Petersburg, and In Vienna,
than in taking steps to prevent another
military orgy. The new Louis "Capet"
in pride and insolence of power was 1
bone of the bone and flesh of the flesh
of the Hapsburgs, the Hohenzollerns,
and the Romanoffs. Napoleon's great
crime was rather that he had been an
upstart Corsican soldier than a military,
autocrat. So it came about that the
men who met in the Vienna -council
chamber, after Waterloo, were ' not so
much engaged in making impossible an
other effort to dominate the liberties of
the world, as in securing the thrones, of
the ruling houses. Including that of the
Bourbons. '
Whatever mistakes may have been
made in the present treaty, and the
framing of this treaty, has been almost
beyond the wit of men. It has been
aimed hot at securing thrones, but at
safeguarding peoples. Great empires
have been broken into pieces, and from
the pieces there have been built new
and small nations with their troubles
and problems all before them. It Is by
no means certain that a number of
small nations will be any more peace
able than a few great ones. And It Is
In the effort to take no risks, whether
at the hands of vast autocratic empires
or small republics, that the League of
Nations has been incorporated In the
present draft of the first of the treaties
to be made between the defeated middle
European alliance and the victorious
members of the great alliance. If the
League of Nations falls to find accept
ance when It goes before the parlia
ments of the world for ratification, -then
the chances of the future peace of the
world are small indeed. Rumors, and
something more than rumors, are .flood
ing the cafes of Paris, the clubs of Lon
don, and the cities of America,, with
news that the League of Nations Is dead
before it is born. tSo little faith hate
M. Clemenceau and the French govern
ment In the endurance of the league
that they have actually negotiated a
defensive alliance with the United King
dom and the United States as an addi
tional security zor me imure saieiy or.
France. In such circumstances the
treatment meted out to the league when
it reaches the various national parlia
ment houses should : be carefully ob
served ; for upon .it may depend, more
than the men into whose hands Its fate
will pass may be Inclined to admit.
For the rest, the terms of the great
treaty must be carefully read in order to
be appreciated. To attempt to- survey
them would be to do little more than to
repeat the official summary. One or two
things, however, are specially worthy of
notice. It is only necessary to look at
the map of Germany's altered- Boun
daries in order to discover how unlike
the treaties Of the past the present one
is. In the half century of Waterloo,
even In the half century of Sedan, noth
ing could have saved the country west
of the Rhine from passing Into the
hands of France. Today men have
learned that such victories are only the
foundations of new wars.- It was the
loss of Alsace-Lorraine that made
France the implacable enemy of :Ger
mahy, and the annexation of the Rhine
provinces would simply have made Ger
many the implacable enemy of France.
Because of this the territorial read
justments have' been i slight, and have
consisted only in the. incorporation of
territory essentially sympathetic to the
victorious nations without the old Boun
daries, t Thus Alsace-Lorraine goes, to,
France, whilst that J part of Poland
stolen in the great partition is returned
to the re-established Polish nation. One
other territorial change there may be,
but It Is one left to the determination
of the inhabitants, and that is to what
extent the old Danish province of Schles
wig, torn from her by war as Alsace
Lorraine was torn from France, shall
be returned. - J
Next to this new political departure
is the attempt, for which Mr. Lloyd
George Is largely responsible, to stamp
out standing armies. The army and
navy of Germany are reduced to a truly
defensive force. . Every means for the
exploitation of the military state has
been taken from her.l whilst the aboli
tion of 'conscription makes impossible
the old military theory of a nation f
Midlers governed, by a war lord. Fi-
nally. in Its economic aspects, the terms
of the treaty are ny no means so oei-
inlte or so dear am is aesiraoie. tne
truth probably is that the great powers
have realized that it Is quite impossible
to make Germany pay financially for
her crimes -without destroying her with
no advantage to themselves. For this
reason it is doubtful i whether the eco
nomic losses of Belgium, of : France, or
of the United Kingdom, can ever be
made good. The United States is In a
more favorable position, for the United
States reaped the harvest of the early
years of the war, before she was called
upon to reap the whirlwind of the lat
ter months. Therefore, in spite of the
i.triw nt ome fire-eating politicians
and journalists, the representatives of
the great powers or .me '
probably done all that could be done.
r tffliinAiit more from Germany,
or to have taken more at the point of
,t. hovnnat: would have been to reduce
her to poverty and hopelessness, and so
to have cast her into "the caJdren ef
Bolshevism, which Is Ahe last resort of
passion .acting upon ignorance and de
spair, . , : . , : ; . .;. -
Even as it is. the exultant noontide
of May 7, 1915, has disappeared in the
Die IraeV.the. Cay of . Wrath, of 1919.
In the words of general Von Bernhardt,
it was to be wH4-empire or Imperial
extinction when ier Tag' tame. The
treaty handed to1 the German delegates
In the Grand Trianon- yesterday leaves
no doubt at all -upon wfclch. side; the
scale has "kicked the beam. ,
Letters From the People
; ( Communication aetit to The Journal fo
publication in this department should be written
on only one aide of ttte paper, ahould not exceed
SOO word in length, and nut be aicncd by the
WTitr whoaa mail address in full tnuat aocom-
vpeBr the contribution. 1
Who Shall Run the Railways?
Athena, May 20. To the Editor of The
Journal The question as to whether the
railroads will again be operated by pri
vate corporations or be retained perman
ently by the government is a very Im
portant one and should be settled right
while we are about it. Many will, argue
that competition is a good thing on ac
count 'of " its stimulating effect upon
business. Perhaps that is true to a cer
tain extent. We know it will not make
better roadbeds for too many competing
lines, and it is certain that the railroads
undertook to eUmlnate the element of
onmnAtition and it was necessary to re
strain them by law. The immense waste
In aggressive competition in all large
business, and .in railroads more than
n nthnrs. cannot be computed.
The claim that railroad corporations
are not anxious to resume management
onri ii ranital In extensions and better
ments, without certain, guarantees and
advantages. Is proof mat tney are piy
Ing for large gains and they want the
back of their enterprise.
When they bulltcfthe great raUroads
across the country in tuts iirtsi yia,
rhv practically built them with bonuses,
and besides vast grants of land. They
tnen wanted a sure thing plus and they
want It now. What the Southern Pa
cific did to Oregon is not ancient his
tory. "Harrlmans fence" was an ex
nreHHion that meant a lot in the devel
opment pf the state. The land they
received in pledge to sell to settlers at
a Mi-tain rjrice they practically took
out of the market, and the public bad no
riirhta thev were found to respect. They
functioned for selfish gain only and not
for the public weal, and it has been the
history of most of tnem. .
As to efficiency, if there Is any defer
ence t should be In favor of govern
ment ownership. It requires uie same
material, the same men, and the oppor
tiinitv for advancement must if any
thing be greater, as the field is larger,
a.nd there would be greater coherency.
solidarity and responsibility than under
various competitive arrangements.
As to dificits or balances, they can
not have much weight in argument for
or acainst. There Is too' much statistical
legerdemain these days, and the statis
tics used cannot te convincing, Because
of so many variant elements in them
Rates have- varied, ways have changed,
and the cost of material .and of calcula
tion. Fiarures only confuse.
The main element is the question of
policy whether It , Is best for a people
to manage their own public affairs or
to let them out to special privilege to
manage as they please. There is no use
for railroads but a public use. They are
a necessity. They are the vital ele
ment in our being. They should be
owned publicly and managed publicly.
at cost if possible, and if profits accrue
they should go to the public exchequer.
F. a. wuuu
To. Obtain a Patent
Hillsboro,May 22. To the Editor of
The Journal Please inform me as to
particulars about proceeding to take out
a patent. What would it cost Ana
does a person have to go to .Washington,
D. C? V. K. B,
The applicant need not go to Washington.
Re should write to "Commissioner of Patents,
Washington. D. C." and ask that a copy of
"Rules of Practice" be sent him. This ia sent
free of charge, and contains forms for applica
tion Tor patent, besides full instructions to
applicants concerning aU necessary proceedings.
Diseusses the Mooney Petition
Eugene, May 21. To the Editor of
The Journal -Why are some labor unions
petitioning - the ' president and the gov
ernor of California to secure for Mooney
a new trial? Can Mr. Wilson interfere
in the administration of state laws? Can
California's governor do any more than
he has done towards getting a new trial
for Mooney? . By commuting the sen
tence he has made it possible during the
whole lifetime of the convict for his
proponents to present evidence' of un
fairness in the trial, or if newly dls
covered evidence, to the proper leg.1
tribunal. - If the courts could not grant
'a retrial after final judgment they
could certify to the governor that
proofs of an injustice had been pro
duced, If such were the case, and then
there Is no doubt that a pardon would
be granted. A pardon, however. In the
present stage ot the case, though It is
the only thing the governor can grant,
would not result in the new trial which
is being petitioned for, but would make
It Impossible.
There are patriotic, law abiding labor
unions in plenty, but there are some
which -are dominated by un-American
agitators who may have what they call
education but who are woefully lacking
in knowledge of American laws and
the Ideals on whjich they are based.
WILLIAM H. WHEELER.
Sundry Remarks on Prohibition
Portland, May 21. To the Editor of
The Journal The Presbyterian assem
bly is pained. I am grieved. Elder Wil
son has spilled the beans. As president
of these United States, at present in
France, he has sent a message to the
Republican congress recommending that
the emergency war time, prohibition of
beer and wines, which was to have gone
into effect July I, be repealed. Talk
about tying grass, across a path 1 Here
these patriots must at once give the
country a line on what their action will
be when constitutional prohibition be
comes effective next year and those
pests commonly called Anti-Saloon
league superintendents get a new lease
of life.
Let us hope his excellency hasn't suf
fered corruption of heart -while abroad.
While I grieve for his sect I, was
baptized by a Presbyterian minister
more than BO years ago yet I find con
solation in the fact that there Is no such
moral - turpitude involved as there was
itk the act of the Methodist Deacon
Fairbanks, then vice president of these
United States, when he gave Teddy that
infamous cocktail that caused the Meth
odist general conference to blow up.
W. F. DUNLAP.
In Reply to Mr. Penny ;
Portland. May 24. To the Editor of
The Journal In answer to S. B.
Penny, permit me space to y ; that
ariv ha knows America is a free coun
try and that, under tne constitution of
the United States, we are an auowea
free thought and free speech. Besides,
the "immediate action committee of Chi
cazo" is not asking for the release of
slackers or pro-Germans. There Is a vast
difference between a political prisoner
or a reliaious prisoner and a pro-Hun.
But .perhaps Mr. Penny does not know
that. All other countries nave released
the! r political prisoner and even their
military prisoners, months ago.' America,
the land of the free and the home of the
brave, cannot afford to be behind the
rest in humaneness. . M. C. STARKE,
j- , Witness Fees
Bandon. Mat 21. To the Editor of
The Journal I know two people who
served as state witnesses in the Justice
of the peace v court about a year sgo
who have never received any witness
fees. V Are they entltled-to any? If so,
how much? A SUBSCRIBER.
- J WKmiwe are-not -entitled to fees, hi Jo'tir
tia as.vu Irotn uie uma 01 ua aerace. i
COMMENT -AND
- ' SMALL CHANGE V - '
As you were. . i . ;-. - i
What kind of weather is this?
''
An ' Evanston. III-." eirl save that all
normal women are flirts. And all nor
mal men fall for it occasionally.
. .
We read that returning Yankees are
crazy for chicken." Another point fori
tne nome girls m tneir controversy wfth
tneir overseas sisters.
Mr. Micawber . boosted for War Sav
ing Stamps when he said : "Annual in
come, twenty pounds. Annual expendi
tures, nineteen six. Result, hapniness.
Annual income, twenty pounds. . An
nual expendiutre, twenty pounds, nausrht
and six. Result, misery- The blossom
is blighted, the leaf Is withered, the God
of day goes down upon the dreary
scene, and in short you are forever
floored, as X am." 1
MEN AND INSTITUTIONS OF THE
OREGON COUNTRY
I
By Fred.
Continuing the brief biography of W. V. Olds,
sir. Lockley traces farther the evolution of one
of Portland's greatest mercantile establishments,
lie then quotta from Mr. .Olds in relation to the
results of lilt activities as loter 01 books ana
collector of rare editions.)
There is not a city In the United
States of the size of Portland that has
three department stores doing the
amount of business done by our three
largest department stores. Starting In
a most humble way, they have kept
pace with the growth of the city. As a
matter of fact, they have been in ad
vance ; of the growth of the city and
have planned for the time when Port
land will have a population of half a
million. A few nights ago I spent the
evening at the home of W. P. Olds,
senior member of the firm of Olds,
Wortman & King.
"When I was 21 years old," said Mr.
Olds, "and that was In 1878, C. W.
King and myself bought out John Wil
son, In whose store I had started as an
errand boy. We changed the firm name
to Olds & King. I shall always look
back to my former employer, Mr. Wil
son, with kindly feelings. He taught
me more than business methods. He
taught me to love books. He had a
most excellent library for those days.
and he encouraged me to make use of
his books. I; used to take them out and
read evenings and on Sundays. He
loved books, and hated to see them
abused. He said, You are welcome to
my books if you will put covers on them
While you are reading them arrd if you
will treat them with the care and re
spect to which a good book is entitled.'
When he died he left over 7000 volumns
of most excellent books to the Portland
city library. I have' kept up my love
of books,, and today nothing gives me
keener pleasure than being able to give
a fine set of books where It will be
appreciated.
. .
"When I was 23 I married Lillfan
Cook, a niece of Harvey W. Scott.
"When I first started to work, 50
years ago, in the store of which I am
now one of the proprietors, we had our
store on Front street, near Morrison.
In 1881 we moved to a much larger
building on First street. By 1891 we had
outgrown our quarters, so we moved
to .a four-story, building built for us
by W. S. Ladd on the southwest corner
of Fifth and Washington streets. We
were the pioneer, store as far up town
as Fifth street. As business grew we
added two more buildings, one adjoining
us on the south, on Fifth, the other on
the west, on Sixth street. When In 1910
we moved to Tenth street, to this build-
Ling; which occupied a full; block, most
people shook their beads and said neo.
pie would never go so far up town as
Eleventh street to -trade. Fortunately,
they were false prophets. You remem
ber what Emerson says about the man
who makes a superior mouse trap hav
ing a path beaten to his -door? t Not
only did the public come to our store to
trade, but soon many other stores moved
up town and we found ourselves in the
center of the business district. We are
once more op against the same old prob
lem of needing more room.
"I would like to have you see my
library. Come up some night and we
will spend the evening together and I
win snow you my books." -
A few evenings later I went to Mr.
Olds' home and spent a most delightful
evening looking over his library- Mr.
Olds has traveled widely, India, Egypt,
AustraUa all of these countries are
most familiar to him through numerous
trips he has made in searching for rare
OLD J. B. IN SCANDINAVIA
By Bassett Dlgby ,
Special Correspondence to -The Journal and- The
Chicago IMUy Kens.
Christian ia, Norway. Doubtless when
many an American reads of iso and so
many thousand cases of canned - milk
being sent to Europe's thirsty babies he
feels a glow of pleasure. He might feel
otherwise if he realized that in Sweden,
for instance, our canned milk is mainly
going to liquor makers. There is any
amount of it coming in, but so soon as it
reaches the groceries it instantly fades
away like a flake of snow on a hot
shovel. The children do not get It, nor
do- the housewives. Investigation has
now revealed that It is being bought
up as soon as It appears by the home
distillers, who find it- - excellent . and
lucrative for the purpose. Their dis
covery Is, of course, by no means new,
for, to instance only one case, the na
tional drink of 'the Southeast Russian
Cossacks and Of all the Tartar tribes
from Tibet to the shores of the Arctic
is koumiss, a very heady liquor, made
from fermented mare's milk.
Here Is a practice of -which cogniz
ance might desirably be taken by our
Red Cross and victualing authorities
when they come to distribute' tens 'of
thousands of tons of American canned
milk to Eastern Europe this year.
A Halmstad newspaper prints the fol
lowing report of secret distilling:
"What Is even more depressing than
the ' comprehensive extent of secret
L liquor-making i the general view that
there is nothing In the slightest degree
disgraceful or humiliating about this
Olden Oregon
Interesting prediction. Made in 1854,
as to Portland's Future.
Describing Portland in 1854, the Rev.
Ezra Fisher said: "Portland is , the
principal t port for"5 Oregon at present,
numbering probably about 2000 souls,
with from 30 to SO trading houses,
wholesale and retail, and must, for
years at least, be the most commercial
town ; irr' the territory. When j the re
sources of the country are developed, I
think the great commercial city of the
Columbia river will be somewhere below
the mouth of the Willamette river; yet
Portland even then will he an Important
point." M
Curious Bits of Information
. For the Curious .
Cleaned - from- Cartons - Plates
An Irish publication, The eTnamrock.
is responsible for the following: "A
NEWS IN BRIEF
.. OREGON SIDELIGHTS
Required by- growth of business, a
fourth safe largest of aU and weighing
5330 pounds, has Just been installed lu
the potftoffice at Pendleton. , :
The paving of the road In Warrenton
has been completed and the road is now
open to travel ; tne trip can now oe
made to Seaside via Warrenton, the As
toria Budget reports.
Persons from. Haines and vicinity re
port many cases of -influenza prevalent
along the foothills west of Haines, the
Baker Democrat says, and in some in
stances the victims are in a critical con
dition. Nurses are needed, and none
can be had. :v
Endangering' life and limb of motor
ists who essay what is called the brew
ery grade at The Dalles, is the practice,
the Chronicle complains, of small boys
"standing ' on the bluff, 90 feet above
the road, pelting- large jagged rocks at
the passing vehicles. ,T
Lockley
and beautiful old -books. Though it is
known to but few, there Is probably
but one other collection of books as
fine west of the Mississippi river as Is
owned by Mr. Olds. His collection of
early editions of Shakespeare and his
collection of Bibles are almost un
equaled. For nearly 50 years he has
been collecting. It Is not alone the
beauty of the plates nor the wonderful
texture of the paper, nor even the
beauty of the,, tooling on the bindings
that appeals to him, but he values what
is in the books. , .
e
"How a man can be unhappy or rest
less I do not understand," he said, as
he handed me a copy of "Don Quixote "
"when he has the best minds of all ages
io consult; wnen ne can draw -inspiration,
instruction and entertainment from
all the innumerable host of the great
aeparteo. .
"Here is a book -I was fortunate
enough to pick up for J1000 at the sale
of the books of M. C. D. Borden of
Providence, R. I. He paid 2500 for it
Here Is a book of steel engravings,
mostly, as you will see, reproductions
of the paintings ' of Sir Joshua Rey
nolds. Smith and Word were two of the
great artists who were in their prime
from 1775 on for some years. Their
steel engravings have, probably , never
been expelled. I have at least 600
plates of Reynolds' palntinga Here is
a , binding of which I am very fond.
It is of the Roger Payne school. . As you
see, it is a stipple effect. " Here la a
wonderful old binding of the Zaehnea
dorf school. That school goes In largely
for line effects. These wonderful , old
bindings with lace designs are by I"e-
rome. This binding with the floral de
signs is one of Nicholas Eve's. Here
is a book of the Grolier school, with
cover of inlaid levant. Here Is a par
ticularly fine example of the McCall
school. He mixed lines and medallions
in a very pleasing way."
.
Book after book he handed me, hand
ling them with loving care, showing me
the fineness of the grain calf or of the
royal purple goatskin.
"Here is a set of Milton bound in
pigskin. It Is a rather unusual exam
ple of harmony , in binding," said Mr.
Olds. "Most of my took are in full
levant, doubleaux. Many of these bind
ings, both on the. Inside and the out
side, are like some fine old painting
the artist has put part of himself into
the work. . : j '
"II. E. Huntington ! of Los Angeles,
son of Coll Is P. Huntington, has one of
the finest libraries in the United States.
He has spent more than 82.000,000 on
his books. Henry Hoe, many of whose
books I bought when his library was
auctioned spent no less than $1,500,000
for rare -books. -
----- -s r- ' . - , . '
have come to the conclusion that
no man should devote his attention
solely and entirely to business. He
should study such "problems as profit
sharing and try to be of service to
others. i -
"Have I spent $108,000 on my books?
Yes. I had spent that amount many
years ago, and have been collecting
books steadily, ever since. Whenever I
can replace a set with a finer set . I
give the original set to some college or
library where It-can be 'useful to the
public I believe we should teach our
children a greater appreciation for good
books as a formative- influence. The
children of today are not doing so much
solid reading as they: ought. Milman
and Grote, Macaulay and Gibbon,
Shakespeare and Byron, the Book of
Books, and many' other character form
ing works should be read more widely,
as It will result In a higher and better
type of citizenship." '
"occupation. .Further, we have ascer
tained that home distilling is not by'any
means confined to drunkards and folks
who cannot tear themselves away from
the habitual use of liquor. A distilling
plant was found most often in work
men's homes naturally- there are more
workmen's homes - than prosperous
folks' homes), but also among practi
cally all other- classes of society
clerks, officials., merchants, military
people. : A craving for spirits is not the
reason for distilling ln"a"Tage number
of cases. Many distill simply Ynd solely
for the fun of it The so called -distill
lrig parties are now very common. They
are a new sort of sport. Folks -meet, at
a house, each with his or her little ma
chine under the arm. The curtains are
drawn, the lights lighted and all the
machines placed on the kitchen stove.
The evening passes and there Is a keenly
competitive spirit to see who distills
most and best. - The drinks are tasted
amid general jubilation and excitement.
It Is usually the kitchen which is used
for distilling,' but use also Is made of
outhouses, woodsheds, waterside sheds
and cellars. Usually the apparatus la,
owned by alltUe company of friends.
Explosions were at first much more
numerous than now, but, by this time
folks have learned h6w to regulate the
temperature. rungergubbes,' or those
who reflrns densturized spirits, are very
numerous, but they are looked down on
byUhe sugar distillers. ; - . - '
(Copyright, .191. by Chicago Daily Kews Co.)
plan for old maid insurance, proposed
by Dr. Karl Luttenberger, la being
seriously considered in ; Germany, as a
guarantee against economic distress and
a measure to increase the matrimonial,
prospects of spinsters. , , ..-;':
"The girls may take out the insurance
themselves, or It may be taken out for
them. Premiums are ; paltl until the
twentieth year of the Insured. If the
woman is1 not married by the time she
reaches the age of 87 she will be en
titled to draw an annuity thencefor
ward Even if , she finds a husband
after she passes the 17-year mark, she
will continue to draw the annuity. ;
"If the insured marries before 37 she
cannot claim . an annuity, but may : re
cover with interest the amount of prem
iums paid. Should the Insured die be
fore the age of 37. the cash value of her
policy, will go taher heirs." ; , "
Worth Trylnffr t Least ;
, Prom the CMcaao '--e
Substitutes for the saloon are being
sought. Home Js not so bad.
Ragtag nd Bobtail
Stories From Everywhere
A Hen Story
DIRDS of a feather flock together?
uNo, not -always.
A staid old Plymouth Rock hen (Ply
mouth Rock always was staid) strutted
proudly Into the front yard of her home
at Mrs. J. E. Troxell's dairy. ranch near
Havana, says the Pendleton East Ore
gonlan, ,. .with a pair of tiny -Chtna
pheasant chicks. She clucked and she
chlded. Just as mother-lovingly as any
hen to her chirping offspring, for she
had raised them from eggs she found
in the field. '
'Mra.' Troxeli Is feeding' the hen and
her adopted ' young ones In hopes, that
the little pheasants may be domesti
cated. So far there is complete do- -mestic
tranquility In. the peculiar little
family, and Mrs. Troxeli is wondering
it the birds will return to their natural
haunts when they grow older.
Going I'p, i
I'd like to be ia flyer and with the flyers fly.
Pri-haps- I then could purrhaMi tiling I that
now are most too high.
. . , - .
The price of milk ts going up to 14 cents a
ituart;
It looks a if our tabby cat mtixt sue for
. . non? support,
Chicago News.
Uncle Jeff Snow Says:
Them Huna'll have a chance "to sign
up the peace treaty or git off the map.
We ketched a mule'-stealln' Injun on '
the Gila desert, one time, after tralltn' '
him fer three days, and we give him
the choice of payln' fer the mules he
killed or beln' hung, and the delight
with which he poured out a -bunch of
gold nuggets made us wish we hadn't
been so easy with him. We found out
some time after that he'd killed two or
three women and several men. and
hangin' was too good fer him, nohow,
but by that time he was clean down
to Sinaloa and still a-travelin.
. The News in Paragraphs ,
World. Happenings Briefed for Benefit
of Journal Readers
GENERAL
Influenza Is again epidemic In North
ern California. There are 24 cases at '
Weavervtlle.
Virtually every restaurant and cafe
teria In Salt Lake City is clted became
of a strike of cooks and waiters.
A fire at Mobile. Ala., Wednendy de
stroyed 20 square blocks of the relden;e
section, and left 1500 people lionielesn.
The steamer George W. Elder w
badly injured, on May 20 when sne col
lided with the breakwater at bam.
Cruz, Mexico.
The International parliamentary com
mercial conference has reserved its de
cision on the question of the interna
tionalization of the Rhine.
"Alarmed by the belief that Germany
will not sign the pear-e treaty and thai
the allies will oceupy Mannheim, citizen
have become panic stricken and uiany
are fleeing the town.
The American colony, represented by
200 members of the American club, wel
comed the new American. ambasnndor.
riugn wauace, at a lunoaeon in -ans
Thursday1.
According to present Indications, mill
of the International Paper company.
throughout the country, shut down since
Mav 11 as result of a strike, will reopen
Monday, May 26, with strikers back at
their Jobs.
The entry of another conteplant for
the London Dally Mail's $f.uoo prixe
for the first transatlantic fUfiht was an
nounced Friday by Lieutenant Leth Jen
sen, French pilot aviator, who Is at St.
Johns to select a site for a plane to be
shinned from France.
NORTHWEST NOTES
Sheep shearing has begun In Umatilla
county.
A class of eight, all young women, will
be graduated June 11 from let. Joseph's
academy at Pendleton, ,
Yakima consistory N; 5 of the Scot
tish Rito Masons will b instltued at
Yakima Thursday, May 29,
The Rev. Ernest Vincent Khalcr of
Seattle has " been elected Protestant
EpiMcopal bishop of Nebraska.
John Wilson Evans, a logger, died In
Bend foUowIng Injuries received when a
runaway log rolled over his body.
Mrs,- Eliza Best, aged 83. mother of
George. Perry and John Van Orsdall,
died in Pendleton last .Monday iiljtht.
Kenneth L. Williams, recently dis
charged from the Unitod Ktates navy,
has been appointed poBUnaster at Alrlie, '
Or. - . ,
The commencement exercises of tke
Weston high school will be held May
28. There are 17 in the graduating
class.
Nineteen instructors to fill vaonnHc
left in the teaching staff were .elected
Thursday evening by thee iienU schooi
board.-.'.
Lawson Booher. aged 20, popular
Athena young man, is dead after un
lllnes caused ry uie arayuiauuu ui
leg two yeurs ago. -
The steam schooner Premier, which
left Ura" Harbor April 23 with supplier
for-Bristol Bay. Is a total wreck off
Cape Lutske, Alaska.
The W-. the fourth vest-el built of
concrete by the Great Northern Oonrretn
Khlbulldliig company,' was launched at
Vancouver Thursday.
Of the-Vacancies filled in the Portland
publin schools for the coming year,
nearly 50 per cent re from the.OreKon
Normal school at Monmouth.
The schoolhouse In a Joint district
maintained by Iane. Benton and Lin
coln counties, known ms No. 14s, burned
to the ground a few days ago.
With seven feet of snow at the rim
ef Crater lake U is not probable tli.it
automobiles will be able to reach this
scenic gem before July 15 this year.
Several new cases of influenza have
made their appearance in Halein. . In
avuuition to tne several Haietn r-m-h.
there are ulo a number in the outlying
districts.
The' United States government 1 r-on-
aMerlne-I Mendintr out experts' to POIK
county and other places in the state U
explore he fell fields supposed to be
located there. .
Lafayette Is without water and the
school are cloned. The electrUi motor
which pumps the water Into a tank h
broken down, and until repairs are tnado
tne town will be dry.
- Charges , that city funds have 1een
mishandled during the previous Ueiwl
administration were withdrawn by the
city council Wednesday after exprttuvc
tho books of former City Recorder Ellis.
TK proposal to maintain a representa
tive In WshlrtB-ton to further the proifset
for the eatabiUthmenl of a firt-clHH
naval bae near the mouth of the Co
lumbia river is being dicued by the
Astoria Chamber of Commerce.
A 'woman homesteader. afcd 45,' who
gar her name a Mrs. Kgart of Port
land, foecafe mentally deranged a few
days ago and in a nude state wandered
aay into the forest. Mhe was later
found by neighbors, who took her in
and clothed, her.
Will You Profit by Lessons
the War Has Taught?
igtorte of aAleemnt In the accflmu
m at War Barings Stamrw, sent to The
iournal and accepted for publication, will
be earded a Thrift stamp. J
This country has fought and won
Its fight for freedom. America stands
today as the world's leading example
of a free people.
How about the American citizen
you and your neighbors?
; Will you pvoflt by the lessons the
war has taught?
- Will you keep on saving or will
you go back to slaving? . Freedom
from money worries is the only true
trtxsAom for anyone. And thnre Is
only one-way to obtain such free
dom Be thrifty.
Thrift tamre stvi 1919 V
Stsini'S now on aaie at i:r-,il .
9