TIIU OrJICOII J DAILY JOURNAL, P OHTLAND, LIONDAY. LIAnCII 10, 1C1C.
JLdihoir Conference in Paris. Aistees. Simimigraition to U. S. Must Me EJirniteci
POLAND IS GUT
. OFF AND TROOPS
ARE HANOI APED
Invasion of Czechs on the One
Hand and Activities of Bol
shevik! Make Situation Bad.
INSIDE REVIEW IS GIYEN
Germany Will Not Permit ' the
Poles to Cross German Occu
pied Territory.
- - By Aatlioay Csaraeekl
BpMfaQ Cabla to Th Journal and Chicago
Dally Nwa
XCaprricht 119. by Tba CbJcaco Dafljr Nun.)
Oswlecim, Poland. Jan. 28, by Courier
to Paris. Feb. 6. Prom thorough per
sonal Investigations on the spot I believe
that I am able to give herewith the first
complete account of the bitter and re
grettable conflict between the Czechs
and Pole n the Teschin coal region. I
say X believe I am able, because it Is im
possible to foresee when this dispatch
will reach ; its destination. Poland at
jweeent Is practically cut off from com
munlcatlon with the outside world. The
Csechs, by invading Silesia and taking
the principal railroad, telegraph and in
dustrial lines, have closed the Oswiecim
Oderberg route which the couriers of the
Polish government as well as, those of
the American government have used In
coins; to Vienna, whence they forwarded
telegrams and messages and official
pouches to Paris and other places.
; 'Germans Is the Way
Couriers can go u far u Oswiedm.
but then they must pass Into German oc
cupied territory via Kattowits, whence
they: connect with Oderberg and then
Vienna. But Germany does not permit
the Polish government to send couriers
through that territory because the rela
tions between the Polish and German
governments have been broken off Since
the poles who lived before the war in
that part of Poland under German rule
have been trying to drive out the Ger
man military from their cities and vil
lages. ' At the other end of Poland the Ukra
nlans prevent direct communication
with Roumania. . Both Csech and Ukrai
nian forces also block connection with
Hungary. The Bolshevik!, who continue
to menace Poland on the old Russian
Polish frontier, prevent communications
In that direction.
For one hour each night Prime Min
ister Padereswki and General Pilsudskt
can communicate by wireless from War
saw to. the Eiffel tower In Parts on diplo
matic business, but otherwise they can-
wtAfr AAfnra ititlnata et r f f n --. -
Wounded. Polish soldiers hurried In
freight cars front the new fighting line
and, crowds of frisrhtened refuareea fnan
Oderberg, Teschen, Karwin, Daialoszlce
aadDttuir nluM In St1uan flin
wru viwnw, ana rousn soiaiers
marching in the direction of the firing
lines, brought me again at Oswlecim
face to face with the fact that the hor
ror of war continue In Poland.
, . , voiing xu jrreveaiea
The occupation by Csech soldiers of
Sllesian territory in which the popula
tion. Is strongly Polish began January
23 three days before the Polish election
of constitutional convention delegates,
thus preventing; voting In the occupied
territory.
The Csech occupation also resulted m
cutting : Poland off from the outside
world at the very time when Polish sol
diers on the northeastern frontier were
sheviki from Vilna on Grodno.
On the Southeastern frontier the Ukrai
nians were making dally attacks on
Lemberg and bombarding the city. In
the vicinity of Posen and Danzig they
were struggling to oust the German mili
tary who seek to retain control of that
part of Poland which ever since the old
partition of the country has been under
German rule.
On the night of January 23 in War
saw, Cracow and other large Polish
centers there came rumors of trouble In
the Teschen-Sllesian district between
Csech and Polish centers. Members of
the British and American commissions
making a study of the problems in Po
land hurried to the scene. Investigation
showed ' that fighting was In progress
and also disclosed that the following
INTERNATIONAL-LABOR MISSION CONFERS
:: sT A :
I t . . V..l
X ,-5
-XMrT.,. ...., .. M:-'r: ' -
i; . " asoocmocqpoMastc
" ieeee8ep w 'iy ' ' ' $
) ft. s
1
MiaMBigi-iaiYairai-iiii ---- A .
Labor leaders of the nations are in conference at Paris to form international labor laws which will assure
the cessation of international labor strikes. The conference Is being held at the French, ministry of
x labor. : Samuel Gompers, president of the American Federation of Labor, and G. N. Barnes, both of whom
are leaders of the conference, are shown. In the center background of the photo. v
notice had been published and posted.
Translated it reads :
Eeoaonile Breakdown Looms '
"To the 'inhabitants of the duchy at
Silesia: Unsatisfactory conditions to
public safety threatening an economic
breakdown in Silesia-have impelled the
government of the Csecho-Slovak re
public to send you a part of the troops
which have . arrived from ; France to
establish order in the land. As French
men, Britons, Italians ana 1 Americans
we have the sincere sympathy for both
peoples which form a majority in the
country. As soldiers we will do our
duty, but in political questions we will
take ho hand. We demand from all
classes of the population support in
establishing administrative order. The
republic is a stae baaed on order."
The notice was signed by Gillian, lieu
tenant colonel In the French army ;
Groasfleld. major in the British army;
Rosed a, major in the Italian army, and
V-oska, first lieutenant in the American
army. "Commissions have been estab
lished with all the garrison commands
as representatives of the entire, popula
tion before the military command,"
reads another notice.
"They are for the purpose of putting
the, complaints and desires of the in
habitants before the military command.
In case the commandant cannot -ive
you satisfaction, address yourselves jto
the undesigned.
"Lieut-Col. Joseph Sanjderak, mili
tary Inspector for Silesia, North Mo
ravia and Mahrisch-Ostrau."
Beports Are Uafoaaded
From my Inquiries made In places
which the Csechs armed forces " now
hold,, places held by the Poles, and also
from Information given me by the Polish
government and military officials, it ap
pears that the reports which have been
circulated that ; detachments of allied
' troops are taking part in occupying the
district are unfounded. - Czech troops
alone are engaged In It. It further ap
pears that the allied officers whose
names are signed to the proclamation
and who call themselevs an interallied
commission came from Prague. Their
countenancing the Csech occupation as
shown by the proclamation was the
basis of the claim that allied troops had
been sent to occupy. Sllesian sections.
-About noon on January 23 the above
named officers called at the Polish mili
tary headquarters in Teschen and gave
orders that all Polish troops should with
draw and evacuate all of the Sllesian
district to permit the carrying out of the
plan outlined in the proclamation. Col
onel Latink, commanding .the 100th Po
lish regiment in charge of ; the Polish
affairs in Teschen, asked , time to com1
municate with the government in War
saw. . Time was granted, but there is a
difference In the claims as to the length
of the period allowed. L&Unk claims
that " two hours were allowed, and one
Czech officer claims - that - it was one
hour and a half. According to the of
ficial Polish version, while Latink and
others were trying to communicate with
Warsaw and before even an hour had
passed, Csech troops, without warning.
occupied the, -city-, ox Oderberg.
. "Freight Hesse Large
This city, to which I went to feet the
Czech side of the situation, contains' the
largest freight houses and yards in the
SOUK
i-
There has been
no raise m price
MSTAHT
POSTOM
' . --.
This comdmical table
beverage continues to
be the logical resort
-of the coffee -drinker
when health or oth
er reasons dictate a
change
i
entire territory formerly "comprising the
Austro-Hungarian empire. Czech . sol
diers now hold these yards. Both sides
agree that the first bloodshed and the
first death in conflict occurred In Oder
berg. Lieutenant Charles Kraucher. a
Czhorcw! G"nan and
Oderberg railroad station, admitted that
tne- xirst two killed were Poles, wno
were shot by Czech Boldiers. According
to Polish official reports the Csechs
fired upon an automobile containing
Potash army envoys, who, flying a white
flag-, sought to partley with the Czech
forces." The chauffeur was killed out
right and another occupant who held the
flag- was wounded. Wladislas Kroll.
whose home is in Trzebinia, was among
those at Oswlecim who told me what oc
curred. TBef ore 2 o'clock in the -afternoon I
was at Oderberg. I was employed in the
railroad station. ' At the office of the
railroad commander and military host
there appeared a Czech major, accom
panied by an officer in French uniform.
We thought the latter a Frenchman, but
he talked in Bohemian with a Czech of
ficer, who proved to be Major Sykors.
When Polish officials, responding to or
ders, gathered to learn what the visit
meant, Major . Sykors produced a docu
ment supposed to be In French and be
gan to read.
Bohemians Sash Xa
"Lieutenant Nauman of the Polish
army asked what it was all about and
the explanation given was that by the
order of the entente the Czechs were to
take SUeBia without delay and the Polish
troops were to get out Our commander
asked for time to communicate with
headquarters in Teschen. Before any
reply came and while the discussion was
still proceeding Bohemian soldiers
rushed in from various sides and took
charge. The Polish, army officers had
gone to various places to notify their
commanders ' and when they returned,
headed by Lieutenant Nauman. they
were told by Major Sykors that they
could, withdraw to Teschen or elsewhere
without trouble. Among the soldiers
who seised the city were some wearing
uniform of thi French legion and some
had French steel helmets. -While this
was going on the Czechs rushed upon the
railroad employes and disarmed the rail
road guard of 21 men. beating, kicking
and " otherwise mistreating them. Two
Polish soldiers were killed outright,
while another was wounded later, mak
ing the list of known dead In the first
few hours three, while 20 were wounded.
If the Poles had not believed that allies
were not in the detachment doubtless
there would have been resistance and
some Czechs would have been killed,"
Henry PachonskI, living- in Cracow, a
petty officer in the Polish forces, was
wounded m the hand. I saw him here
when he came from the front
, ' Deception Is Practiced
T have Just come from Lakl about
five kilometers (three miles) from Tee
chen," be said. "We were' sent to our
position on January 27. In the night
time our post was attacked by forces
emerging from the woods wtth rifles and
field guns. Lieutenant Suski was
wounded and we retreated. The forces
fighting against us employed the ruse
of appearing in civilian clothing and
pretending' to be people from the neigh
borhood. When they came near enough
they opened fire. The Czech military
forces forbade the election on Sunday of
Sllesian delegates to the Polish consti
tutional convention. Captain Haller, a
brother of General Haller, commanding
the Poles in France, who led the defense
of women and children near Dzlaloszlce,
was killed. The Czechs used heavy
cannon."
General Marchlnowskl, in charge of
the medical staff which received wound
ed soldiers and also sick people from the
hospitals In Silesia which are being
evacuated la fear of the Czechs, was
interviewed by me in this city. He said :
"Sick men. women and children from
the hospitals in Daiatosslce and other
places were brought here because the
Bohemian soldiers are .without mercy."
All communication between Oswlecim
and Oderberg- having been broken off. it
was necessary for me to go. through the
territory held by the Germans via Kat
towltze to reach Oderberg so as to get
the Csech story. . I met Lieutenant
Kraucher of the Bohemian forces and.
In reply to my questions, he said: ,
' Attack Is Soaaded .
"For the past three months we have
kept a company of Czech soldiers here
at Oderberg. These were stationed at
an iron factory. We had about half as
many troops as the Poles had here dur
ing: that period -In accordance with an
agreement . We were In 'Oderberg- : to
help keep order. I and 122 of our sol
diers were here January 27 and were at
our quarters when, at 12 :S0, we heard
a bugle outside sounding: the attack. Our
men Immediately rushed out to see what
was Up. Two hand grenades were
thrown into the yard, hut failed to ex
plode. Our-i men were ordered - to be
calm and not to fire, but two soldiers
entered the yard and our men, unable
to control, themselves, fired and killed
them. As we understand if we have
been ordered by the allies to take charge
of the whole of Silesia and we are doing
it There have been no executions of
civilians by courtreftu-tlal in this city,
but there have been, cases In Karwin and
other places where the attitude of the
people warranted it Civilians, Includ
ing some women, are being Interned by
us in various places. If there are other
reprisals they, are doe to reports of m la
treatment of our soldiers. ; It Is reported
that' one of them had his -eyes rouged
eut . We are not going to occupy any
part which was under the former
tro-Hungarian empire.
Wishes ef Eateate
T do not believe that the failure to
proceed to German Silesia Is due to
our government We are merely carry
ing out the wishes of the entente."
The Polish government, headed by
General Pllsudskl and Premier Pade
rewskiand also the leaders of the vari
ous parties, insist that there was no
reason fot the seizure of Silesia by the
Czech troops. All declare that Investi
gation shows that there was no disorder
in that region. The output of coal had
increased considerably since the Poles
took charge of the territory in Novem
ber. There have been no strikes or Bol
shevism in the mines. The miners are
intensely Polish, having repeatedly
elected to the Austrian parliament dis
tinctly Polish representatives before the
war. While the vast majority of the
population in , these Sllesian towns is
Polish, the mines and also the large in
dustrial plants where the people are em
ployed are owned largely by ; outside
capital. In many of the mines, while
the workingmen are Polish, the adminis
trative officers are Czech. - Premier
Paderewski when I interviewed him was
grieving over the bloodshed between the
Poles and Czechs. He declared that the
situation was uncalled for, , because
President Masaryk of Czecho-SIovakla
had repeatedly expressed the desire that
the future relations between the two na
tions should be brotherly and peaceful.
League Covenant
Apt toBe Changed
To Sodthe Critics
By Harry Hansea
Special Cable to The Journal and the Chicago
Daily tftm.
Copyright, 1919. by tin Chicago Daily News Co.
Paris, March 10. Criticisms directed
against the ' present covenant of the
League of Nations In America are hav
ing their effect on official circles here,
where it la recognized that the covenant
probably will not be adopted without
changes. It is also possible to point out
that certain changes of opinion have
been taking place here, particularly with
relation to the effect, of the League of
Nations on the Monroe doctrine.
It may be remembered that when the
league idea was first proposed the idea
that the Monroe doctrine would be in
terfered with was openly combated. Al
though the statements were not specific
yet the Inference was plain that America
need not abandon her doctrine simply
because of the league. In American cir
cles here it is believed that as the coven
ant now stands the Monroe doctrine Can
not exist under the league. It was spe
cifically pointed out today that if Amer
ica expected to maintain the Monroe
doctrine Japan was also entitled to
doctrine of the far east and that every
other nation was entitled to a doctrine
In its part of the wdVld. This would
negative the idea of a league of nations
closely bound tog-ether throughout the
world to keep the peace.
It Is also pointed out in this connec
tion that there is a growing feeling in
parts of South America, and especially
the Argentine, for reappprochement with
Spain -rather than with the United
States. The iden prevails in certain u
rope an circles that the Monroe doctrine
is a stumbling block that might well be
thrown into the discard. The conviction
Is also expressed In this quarter that the
League of Nations will eliminate it
Rubber boots have been Invented with
hollows between their outer surfaces and
linmgs. which can be filled with hot
water to keep wearers zeet warm.
(
Syrup of Figs
Child's Laxative
Look at tongue! Remove
poisons from stomach,
liver and bowels.
Accept "California" Syrup of Figs
only look for the name California oa
the package, then you are - sure your
child la bavins; the best and most harm
less laxative or physie for the Uttle
stomach, liver and bowels. Children
love its delicious fruity taste. Full dW
Metiona for child's doae an each tattl.-
part of German: Silesia, but only that J. Grr It without fear. Adv. .
.. . ,..
OF WAR DEBTS, IS
EXPERT'S METHOD
Scheme Would Include Indemni
ties Which Have Been Incurred
by the Central Powers in War.
PLAN GIVEN TO CONFERENCE
New Idea Is Advanced, by Wil
liam Olsson, a Leading Finan
cier of Stockholm.
By Baisett BIgby
Spatial Cabla to Tk Journal and the Chicago
Dally New, .
(Copyright 11, by Chicago Daily Hews Co.)
Stockholm. Sweden, March 8. William
Olsson. one of the leading Swedish finan
cial men in Stockholm, has devised a
scheme t by which, the debts of all tne
belligerents Incurred n the war, plus
the debts incurred by the central powers
in the shaoe of indemnities, are to be
combined in a fund called "the League
of Nations consolidated debt"
The debt would be jointly guaranteed
by all the nations and Jointly adminis
tered by them.
Briefly, the plan Is this : The world's
war weariness precludes, any danger of
any early recrudesence of war by the
great powers. This very lack of immi
nent danger will tend to protract the
final settlement of a concrete League of
Nations for many years, while the details
are endlessly debated. -The extinction
of the war debts constitutes in a
very material sense an important
objective for the League of Na
tions. He considers that they can
be distinguished only by the . exercise of
those national and. international virtues
for which the league is to stand, and
hence the desirability for the formation
of a League of Nations consolidated
debt
"Of course." he says, "each nation
would be directly responsible to the joint
administration for its share of the inter
est and the amortization. But it may be
asked why a joint guarantee of the
whole by all the nations is necessary
or desirable.
All Are Concerned
. "Apparently a joint guarantee is ad
vantageous only to the financially
weakest but It is obvious also that the
financially strongest namely; America
and' Britain, which are so largely cred.
Itors of the weaker prospective members
of the league, that they already have
to a great extent the position of guarantors.
'In practice, before the joint guarantee
it would not matter much. Either the
central powers will get peace terms
which they can honor or they will de
fault If they default the creditor na
tions are really helpless. It wiU prob
ably be better for them to agree on such
terms as the central powers can honor.
It will, neither be economical nor wise
tn Imt. them In a. noaition of undis-
charged bankruptcy, .which would be th
case if the obligations imposed upon
them were impossible of fulfillment
"In what currncy should the con
solidated debt be expressed T
"Probably in no existing currency hut
in a new one of its own with, a gold
basis. It may be that the League of
Nations consolidated debt would offer
a medium whereby the gold standard
could be reestablished. The administra
tion of the consolidated debt would be
come a central financial Institution for
the whole world while each country
would base its currency on the bonds
of the consolidated debt and conse
quently indirectly on gold. -
Consolidation Plan Favored
"It seems likely that one of the great
practical problems that must be solved,
namely, that of international exchange
rates, might be simplified by the con
solidation of the war debts. It seems also
that the administration of the League
of Nations consolidated debt would be
able to exercise a healthy influence by
bringing home to the different legisla
tures that all nations had a direct in
terest in sound finance and that in each
individual member of the league a sys
tem would develop under which the
analysts and comparison of national
budgets wduld be simplified. .
"Incompetence' in handling . finance
would be exposed so that ' a constant
levelling up of finance would ensue. On
a "Summing up the outline my proposal
provides for the consolidation of the
general war debts into a League of
Nations consolidated debt provides a
basis for the machinery necessary for
a League of Nations and provides for
the conversion of the war loan bonds of
the different countries into, one common
world security while retaining through1
the joint guarantee the guarantee of
each separate country which becomes
so to speak a stockholder in the great
League of Nations, thereby resting on
a reality." V
Debts Are Enumerated. , j
The Olsson scheme thus ' ' further
squares the League of Nations consoli
dated debt with the present Interna
tional trends., "In a speech in. Bristol
on December 11," continues Mr. Olsson,
"Lloyd George estimated Britain's war
debt at $.000,000,000 pounds 140,000,
000,000), Germany's at from .000,000,000
to 7,000,000,000 pounds ($30,000,000,000
to $ 35.000,000,000). say 6,500,000,00
pounds ($32,500,000,000). and the 1 total
war costs of all tne nations at zi.ow,-
000.000 pounds ($120,000,000,000). It is
not Quite ' clear what the last named
figures covered,' but I will assume 'that
the sum to constitute the league's con
solidated debt will be composed as
above. These- figures will, of course, be
modified by the indemnities so that
ultimately the heaviest item Will be
Germany', share. .
"Taking the above figures at a mini
mum Germany would have to pay inter
est and amortisation on 8,6000,000.000
($32,500,000,000). How much more Of the
24.000,000,000 . she can , manage, is
uncertain, but be the amount large
or small the league . consolidated ; debt
has the advantage that while providing
a workable scheme on which to arrange
the, world's finances and credit It leaves
the door open to get payment from Ger
many up to the limit of her capacity to
use Lloyd George's expression. -
"Lloyd George in his Bristol speech
says that the German debt to the
entente and 'America must get prefer
ence before those of German subjects.
This, I apprehend." would be arranged
by earmarking for $,600,000,000 bonds
which the administration of the con
solidated .debt Issued to the German
government
, Exchange, Hay Be Kade . -
As regards the entente and America
the consolidated bonds would by their
Respective governments be 'issued - to
their : subjects in exchange for ; their
holdings of war loan bonds. The Ger
man government oa - the., other band
would not be -able to effect audi an ex
change, ; having to retain the consoli
dated debt bonds for fulfilling her obli
gations to the. administration- should
the revenue .not suffice. - In this way the
priority claimed by Lloyd George for the
debts of. the entente and America would
be secure. -l ' ..- - .
I am anxious to remove any impres
sion that my proposal for a joint., guar
antee of the League of Nations consoli
dated debt involves any kind of waiving
claims against, Germany. Bonds issued
to Germany would nominally be handed
to her because tney; are simultaneously
earmarked for the service of her debt
to the consolidated debts of the admin
istration. If it Is asked, why then issue
them to her at all, my reply is that If
it is not done she probably would de
fault and a condition of uncertainty and
confusion would arise which will be in
jurious to alt -
"The problem how Germany Is to pay
her debt without flooding the world
with her products is an extremely dell'
cate. one. Alone It almost compels the
adoption of the consolidated debt plan,
so that Germany's debt may be to the
world at large instead of to Individual
nations. ' "
"But the problem has other aspects.
It is, in fact. Insoluble unless some great
and entirely new outlet for the product
of German energy can be created. I put
the question without myself being able
to answer its Are there any great en
gineering schemes of transcendental Im
portance to humanity which, owing to
their magnitude, it Is practically impos
sible with combinations in the ordinary
lines of business, but which the League
of Nations could, during a generation.
carry but by utilising German science.
skill and organizing ability?
How Flas IToald "Work
"If Germany is in the position of ow
ing to the League of Nations, or which
she is a partner, a large -portion of the
24,000.000,000, the result would be that
the League of Nations would ultimately
become the owner of the values created.
while the nations, including Germany,
would be freed of their debts.
"X dare say that many of us have
ideas as to the direction in which such
possibilities may be found. " It may
well be .that it required the great up
heaval '.of the "world to bring, about na
tional concentration of world effort
upon the realization of great undertak
ings, the benefit of which will accrue
to posterity rather than to the present
generation. The present generation out
side of Germany, though claiming her
as a debtor, refuses to receive from her
payment in the only form in which she
can make it There seems to be, there
fore, no alternative but to use Ger
many's surplus energy for the benefit of
posterity. In other words, the League
of Nations would be compelled by force
of circumstances to undertake those re
sponsibilities foward posterity which the
world hitherto has neglected.
"It would be a remarkable phase in
the evolution of the world if It turned
out as a logical result that Germany's
destructive aggressiveness toward the
present generation should be atoned for
by a sustained constructive effort for the
benefit of posterity."
FOREIGN LABOR IS
WAITING TO CROSS
No Disposition to
Bring Panama Canal
To Internationalism
By Harry Hansen
Special WlrcleM to The Journal and The Chicago
Dally Nwa
(Copyright, 1810, hy Chicago Pally News Co.)
Parts. March v8.r Delayed.) Appre
hension raised in America that the
organization of a League of Nations
will mean the eventual Internationaliza
tion of the Panama canal is absolutely
without foundation. I am able to state
on - the best authority that when the
Important committee on ports and water
ways, which is now holding daily ses
sions, makes Its report it wiu not deal
with the Panama canal nor the Sues
canal, or Is there any disposition to lay
he foundation for dealing with these
, ,1.. ' ,
in iiiv kuiutc.
SEAS TO AMERICA
Officials of American Federation
of Labor Say Steps Must Be
Taken to, Protect Workers. ,
PROBLEM IS DELICATE ONE
- - - -
Labor Men Are Firm Advocates
s
of League of Nation, but In
sist on Rights of America.
By Harry Hansen
Special Cable to The Journal and the Chicago
- Daily Kewe. '.
Copyright lilt, by the Chicago Dally New Co.
Paris, March 10. Every official of the
American Federation of Labor In Paris
agrees that American labor - must he
protected from the great mass of for
eigners ready to enter the United States
.An a a . tun n mmavtd. At
the same time they urge the government
tO proceeo. . Wlin, connrucuvn wviw
and not to wait until iszu, tor two rea
vim i rlvA work to the unem
DVU, , . v " .
ployed because of the closing of the
munitions ana otner war maiuma ana,
secondly, because by 1920 foreign labor
will be " ready to come to the United
States to compete with the home labor.
Influencing legislation by congress to
protect American labor will be among
the principal matters to-be considered
by the convention of the American fed
eration in Atlantic City in June. The
immigration problem is full of -tech.nl-
it. iun.nu it - la rcrarded In aoma
quarters as -interfering -with the spirit
of tne League oi roauons pia nu .uo
with the president's expressed idea that
barriers raisea Deiween; me staica are
among the causes of war.
Restriction on Program
The federation, in ; the program an
nounced by , the committee on recon
struction appointed at St Paul last sum
mer, took the stand that immigration
would have to be restricted for two
a, I,.. ft ta clear that-certain
nations, invoking the spirit of the League
of Nations, win sees: to maaa imuira-
.. i.,.,.tiAnal - matter for the
uuu mi fjtw,uMvu .
bureau of labor to deal with, and in the
event of getting an unsatisfactory ver
dict will attempt to go before the league
court for a decision. Thus the right of
any country to establish Immigration,
laws will be in question. -
Such problems as how far the Idea
. .w v.tfcMptiAnil or man antara Into
UL WW - -
the league, and how far the sovereign
rights of tne state may uamnuw wuo
shall and who shall not cross its boun-
i ... u mililM tn tha rlff-hta of
osnia
citizenship under new surroundings, are
also involved, -jsvery laoor roan acre
- .jii,mi. it the Luu of Bfa-
.i.n on a. whole, on the around
that it will promote peace and better
conditions for labor throughout the
world, out not one of them will think
,.,n- .via lMrtia dictate to America
who enall and who shall not become
citizens there. .
Gompert .Bliesstet Problems ; -
"ImmlgraUon.-- said Samuel Qompers
today, "is different in the United States
from What It IS in. any ower -country.
Before the war, we' had L26O.00O immi
grants arriving annually. ; We are ex
posed to immigration on mm uw av
Parifin M.ho.rda We want
. k. i-in11 ta ell. nations, - but : we
have ideas and Ideals to live up to. It
appears to me that no outside law can
with th l.v. of the aelf-nreser-
" . -
vatlon of the nation. We shall have to
solve the question of immigration our
selves." . , t
The labor jnen see a way of restrict
ing Immigration by making definite laws
governing the physical condition of the
immigrant v It is known that President
Wilson does not favor the barring of an
immigrant simply because he -is unedu
cated aa American history proves that
many great men sprang from humble
homes. However, It is believed here that
more definite restrictions regarding di
sease can be laid on the immigrant
This would serve to bar great cumbers
and result in the introduction of only
slmon pure stock.
May Favor Tariff ;
It is likely, also, that the labor men
at the convention will favor a tariff on
manufactured articles which compete
with American labor. The tariff also is
regarded as unfair by Idealists and
as incompatible with the spirit of the
league, but labor men point to practical
consideration, giving such instances as
this:- Before the war it was possible
to out trees in the Northwest ship the
lumber to Europe, where it was made
into sash and doors, shipped bacK to
America and sold there below the cost
of producing the manufactured- article
in America. Labor feels that this Is a
crime against the working man who has
to meet the high cost of living and will
ask for a tariff barrier which will make
It impossible to take advantage of low
grade labor -conditions in Europe. .
Seamen's Xaws Effective
Labor officials are congratulating
themselves because of the remarkable
good effected by the American seamen's
laws.' Investigation by Mr. Gompers and
'others here shows that American sea
men are far superior to the foreign sea
men. Mr. Gompers said today.
"The sailor of the United States is the
only free man who follows the sea. lis
can quit his vessel -when it reaches
port This is untrue of the teamen of
any other'country. It has been proved
that fewer men leave the American ves
sels than those of any other nation. Our
laws have brought improved conditions.
We hope to spread these views to other
nations. I am very hopeful that- despite
the difficulties, much good will come out
of our Paris labor conferences
I have always been an optimist.
When I passed through the ' devastated
area two weeks ago, on my trip to Pel
glum, I saw signs reading. 'Pessimists
shot on sight' I believe in that spirit.
We are, figuratively, shooting pessimists
all the time. While we so far have only
been laying the foundation' of the prin
ciples of international labor legislation,
I believe that their application to con
crete cases will bring definite good to
the world of labor,"
zxiT..- - ly. -ap---- - -
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