TiiJ OlGQN DAILY JOUIiiJAL, POIiT-LAIiD, TUESDAY, FUiiliUARY IS, ' UIO.
League " or Nations Covenant. I ha otsed -by Northwest 'Congress Oelegai'cec
VAN DYKE ViVIO
IN PEACE SPEECH
AT
Warns That War. Germans Made
on Americans Not Yet Ended,
Only Interrupted Postponed.
MAKES REPLY TO CRITICS
National Sovereignty Not Abdi
cated; iberty First Attained
When Cace Man Restrained.
It seems to me that the main interest
of our country in this war has been to
" light for peace on earth ; ana tne great
er benefit that America can eain from
: the ending of this war will be a league
of free nations pledged to prevent, if
possible, the occurrance of another, war
like it. If such a strong ana open
' - league had existed in 1914, I doubt
.. whether even the madness of Imperial
Germany would have dared to defy the
certain fate which now, after four years
of blood an anguish, has crushed her
power and broken her empire to pieces.
Americana as a people do not believe
in ! wars or aggression ana conquest.
They have never waged but one. They
believe that international differences
-'and disputes are best settled by pro
cesses of reason and justice. They be
, lleve that democracy flourishes best
v .under the reign of law within and be
tween the nations. That is why they
' i have an equal hatred for militarism and
for . Bolshevism. Both these evil beasts
: ' are contrary to American interests.
Saw German Preparations
The sympathy of Americans from Ue
r" . beginning was drawn to the allies by
the impression that they had wanted and
Bought a peaceful solution of the dlffl
v culty between Austria and Servia,
whereas Germany was bent on battle,
: even if it set the world on fire. We
-- who were on the other side while the
trouble was brewing and when it began
"knew absolutely that this was so. We
' saw Germany plotting and preparing
? her crime. We saw her strike the foul
': blow at France through Luxemburg and
Belgium. We knew that this was Qer
f many's war for "world power or down
fall." She planned it, she wanted it,
" and she got it the war and the down
fall. At last the American people, the
- whole people, came wide awake, and
President Wilson spoke their mind and ,
heart on that memorable April 2, 1917.
"It Is a war against ail nations," he
eald. "I advise that the congress de
clare the recent course of the German
government to be in fact nothing less
than war against the government and
' people of the United States,, and that
. Jt take immediate steps not only to put
the country in a ,more thorough state
of defense, but also to exert all Its
power and employ all its resources to
. bring the government of the German
empire to terms and end the war."
War Xot Yet Ended
The second American Interest is to
. "end the war" against us and against
- all nations! It is not yet ended, remem
ber that. It will not be ended, it will
' only be interrupted, postponed, unless
we can get a league of nations pledged
to maintain peace. .That is the real
' fruit ot victory which the allies must
" gather with us. That is the chief Amer-
ican interest which we must certainly
- secure. America wants no conquests, no
: rewards. But this I think she wants
very much, and therefore she is glad
that she has the ablest advocate in the
world to represent her desires at the
peace conference, her own president.
On January 25, by the votes of Great
. Britain, France, Italy, Japan and the
United States, it was agreed that the
- formation of such a league should be an
. Integral part of the treaty of peace and
that it should be open to every civilized
nation which can be relied upon to pro
mote its objects.
It is a glorious thing that the allies,
by whose side America has fought, are
r at one with her in this hope and pur
- pose of making the world sate for peace,
and that the nations who have won the
- victory will be the ones to shape the
u league. '
Denies Critics' Veracity
'But ft is a little discouraging that ob
jections' and difficulties are raised and
v- argued here at home by the same blood
, thirsty civilians who are dissatisfied
with the crushing terms ot th6 German
capitulation.
They say that for America to enter
such a league would be to abandon the
Monroe doctrine. One the contrary,
such a league would confirm and
strengthen it- What is the form of the
. Monroe doctrine?; No Kuropean power
1 shall make conquests in America. Based
on what? The right of self-determination
of peoples. .Now the league, so far
from abandoning that doctrine and that
. right, proposes to extend their applica
tion, not only to America but every
where. It proposes to make war of con
quet, not indeed absolutely impossible,
. but so difficult and dangerous that no
i nation dare undertake it, against the
, . organized and pledged major moral
j force of mankind.
But the objectors say that to enter
.such, a league involves the abdication of
national sovereignty. On the contrary,
- it involves an assertion of sovereignty
' in' a willing acceptance of a common
law of self-restraint. How waa it when
., the-first-rule of the cave-man gave way
to the laws of civilization and the
i ; power of the judge and the police?
- - ' Reason and Right Are Valid.
How was it when the wild code of the
i duel yielded to the regulation of per
soual feuds and quarrels by an appeal
- - to justice instead of to force or skill
with deadly weapons'.' Was personal in
dependence lost? No, but real libeVty
-'of the' individual, under the protection
of Ur, advanced. Who would go back
...to the practices of the cave-man and the
duelist? Why should we hold that such
Practices must continue among: nations?
t-them also acknowledge the suprem
acy of law, the validity of reason and
right in international dealings and af
, fairs. Let them declare that they will
enjoy the blessings of a-liberty obedient
to a self-accepted order, and that they
appeal for justice.
To secure tnis end U is not necessary
to have a complete reorganization and
, federation of all the nations of the world.
TVie time for that, in my judgment, is
M not 'yet ripe. The differences of educa-
- tion- and character among the motley
tribes of earth are too great for a world
.5 confederation on the basis of equal votes
for all. The more advanced nations
- must be. as President Wilson says, "trus
tees of the peace of the world'
Provides Fosr Big Things
For this, what Is needed? Head the
'in
NUT
li SO.M
bread.
livery body
wants it.
r k
II' 'i J
draft of the Covenant presented at Paris
by President Wilson. It is substantial
ly the program of the League to Enforce
Peace. . It is In effect just the kind of a
free contract between free nations to
hinder, and, if possible, prevent, war,
which ias been advocated so eloquently
and so generously by the foremost Re
publican in America, ex-President Taft.
n proviaes, in eiiect, ior lour Dig tmngs :
1. A body of delegates representing
tne live great nations associated l:i tnw
war, for the firmer establishment of in
ternational law, for better rules of con
auct among governments and for a
stronger maintenance of justice and
treaty obligations. To this body other
state's may subsequently be admitted by
the election and consent of the 'Jnited
States. Great Britain. France, Italy and
Japan. Meetings of this council shall
be held at least once a year, and as
much of tener as occasion may require.
a. A permanent secretariat of the
league shall be established at a place
to be hereafter chosen, and shall be
supported bf proportionate contributions
lrornin embers of the league on the basis
established by the International Postal
union. None but fully self-governing
countries snail be admitted to the league.
Oatllne of Principles
3. Any nation which resorts to war
witnout DreviouH submission of its case
shall be regarded as an enemy of all the
members of the league in fact, an out
law nation, to be reduced and made
harmless by economic and diplomatic
pressure, and. if necessary, in the last
resort, by military force. The participa
tion in this military action shall not be
obligatory. The contribution of each
state shall be made m accordance with
its own laws and military regulations.
4. Fourth and, in my opinion, equal
in importance to any of the other rjoints
the executive council shall formulate
plans for the establishment of a perma
nent court of international justice before
which justifiable cases between nations
may be tried and adjudicated.
Ves. if she becomes trood. we could
not and would not prevent her sharing
in its benefits they are for all the
world.
But shall she be a member of ouch n
league ?
Ah. that is a different nuestion Vlrnt
of all she must repent and Drove her
repentance by her works of restitution
and reparation. Second, she must get
a solid government, directlv resnonsihlA
to the people, and free alike from con
victed liars and bloody Bolshevik!.
When those two thincs come to nass
the admission of Germany to the league
may be considered seriously, but not be
fore ! Meantime the same session of the
Paris conference which adopted the
League of Nations has annotated a
commission to fix the responsibility of
the chief German criminals and bring
them to the bar of an inevitable justice.
This is a brief outline of the most im
portant features contained in the pro
posed covenant. It is simple, it is clear.
i Dreames tne spirit or rree interna
tional cooperation In the ereat causa
of a just and durable peace on earth.
' Magnifies Our Sovereignty
It contains no provisions which con
flict in any way with the constitution of
the United States or with the sov
ereignty of our great republic On the
contrary it magnifies tht sovereignty
by making our country a willing part
ner in tne most .benencent and far
reaching plan ever undertaken by the
tribes and peoples of mankind. It gives
to America a place as a leader and a
potent factor in the making of a better
age wherein men and nations shall no
longer bite and devour each other but
shall dwell together in the spirit of
peace toward all men of good will.
We may wish . for more. We may
possibly get more. But if we get these
things we shell have more than the
world baa ever had before.
Buv whV. some one mav ask. should
you have this , series of congresses on
behalf of the League of Nations since
the mater nas already been determined
at Paris? My ' friends, it has not yet
been finally determined. It, has only
been presented in clear and concrete
rorm. iow you Know wnat it is ana
the question comes up to you. Will vou
support it. will you back it up so that
America snail not ne prevented from
entering into this glorious covenant and
playing her full part in the establish
ment of durable peace, as she has played
a glorious part In the winning of this
rlgnteous war?
It Is for you citizens of the United
States to decide this question. It is to
you directly that we appeal in this cam
paign to secure the finest fruit of vic
tory, the object for which America
fought ,
Treaty Will Include League
The treaty of peace will undoubtedly
include this plan for a League of Na
tions. When the treaty is brought home
by President Wilson it will have to be
confirmed by a two-thirds vote of the
United States senate. Your- task is,
therefore, to make the senate see that
our whole country feel that America
wants such a League of Nations and
means to have it. There is nothing par
tisan or political in it. Its cause has
been presented at Paris by the leading
Democrat of our country . President
Wood row Wilson. Its cause has been
pleaded here by the leading Republican
of our country ex-President William
Howard Taft. It is a national cause and
interest In behalf of which we appeal
to you now. . It is not a rosy dream of
the milennium ; it is not a wild project
of internationalism for the creation of
a new state with a world president and
a world flag. I have no desire to make
or to follow a, new flag but I do wish
to follow that glorious old flag, the Stars
and stripes, floating bravely in the fore
ironi oi me onwara
march of humanity
and civilization. -
Americans Owning
jerman. Factories
To Get War Profits
By H. J. Green wall
ICabls by Universal Service and London Daily
Express; by wireless via London)
Berlin, Feb. 18. American owners of
factories In Germany, which during the
war were converted Into gun or ammu
nition plants, will be able to draw profits
from the manufacture of death-dealing
weapons used against American and al
lied troops by the Germans.
Privy Councillor Hermann Elders, cus
todlnan of enemy alien property, an
nounced today that all American fac
tories in Germany are intact and in
condition to resume work as soon as
peace is signed.
While French and British plants were
shut down, American works were oper
ated under German supervision. Books
were kept and. surplus profits will be
available to the owners after deducting
1 per cent for book-keeping and the war
tax.
Niagara Falls Had
No Music Charm
For Enlisted Man
Camp Devens, Mass... Feb. 18. (I. N.
S.) Roaring cataracts, thundering
waters and scenic beauties of famous
Niagara Falls, admired each year by
thousands? have no lure for Private Ed
ward J. Broughan, spruce production
division, U. S. A. While the unit was
enroute from Vancouver to this can
tonment a night stop was made at Ni
agara and the lichts were turned on so
the soldiers could see the falls in action.
When ordered to leave the train with
the other soldiers, Broughan said:
"Nothing doing." His case was heard
by a court-martial and today he began
a sentence of four months In the guard
house. . ;
For his insubordination he will also
forfeit two-thirds of his pay during his
period of confinement.'
LABOR IN FAVOR
OF WORLD LEAGUE
TO INSURE PEACE
William Short, President of the
Washington Federation of la
bor, Sounds Keynote.
"WAR HORRORS ARE REVIEWED
Speakers at Peace Congress De
clares Labor Stands Ready to
Support New Peace Doctrine.
William Short, president of the Wash
ington Federation of Labor, said to the
closing session of the League of Nations
congress at The Auditorium Monday
evening :
Labor has always favored a League of
nations. The great sound fundamental
principle that underlies every organiza
tion of labor that has been formed in
this world has been an organization that
stood fundamentally for human brother
hood.
AnH lahnr ncaklns' throueh organiza
tions that stand and have always stood
for human brotherhood are easy converts
to the doctrines, not only of a League of
Nations, but the principles that of neces
sity must underlie a League to Lnforce
p9 tuvniiRA the mere advocacy of
human brotherhood won't establish and
maintain it. Just as we find it necessary
with individuals to reach out the strong
arm of the local, state or national gov
ernment, so we will find with nations
that it will become necessary to reach
out the strong arm of the organized ele
ments or tne world to mane mem ao
that which a majority has decreed is
right. .
world rrmcipie xnvorrea
Kurelv we have reSched the point in
trio rtRvplonment of civilization where we
are ready to accept the principles of or
ganized government for the world, be
cause that is what the League of Nations
proposes to do to establish a world gov
ernment : and if the principle of organ
ized government in a locality, in a state
or nation is sound and surely it is
L then it follows that it is sound in its ap
plication 10 me wwiu ua x vuwo.
Labor has been reaching out its hand
across the oceans for a century. Labot
has always wanted to sit down at a table
where the representatives of labor of
the entire world could meet and discuss
its problems, because labor has reached
the point where it recognizes in the
labor problem a world problem, not a
local problem, and I think we have
reached the point where we are all
ready to recognize that all of these
problems are world problems. I think
we recognize tonight that the Atlantic
ocean is not as big as it was 10 years
ago. We used to imagine that the best
friends we iiad in America were the
Atlantic and Pacific oceans, until Ger
many disillusioned us and labor was
disillusioned in this war.
Awakening at Hand
I, with a million of other workers in
the world who had always been opposed
to war, did not wake up until we got
into this war, although 1 was ready be
fore congress was. I had foolishly be
lieved that the resolutions adopted in
our international conferences, where
workers representing the workers of the
world had sat down and agreed that
there must be no more war ; I had be
lieved there would be no more war in
the world till Germany cracked her
military whip and made the workers of
Germany respond. And when Germany
invaded Belgium, when Germany sent
to fie bottom of the Atlantic the ' Lusi
tania, I was disillusioned, I was ready
to fight.
I recognized that the peace of the
world could never be secure while a
power such as Germany had demon
strated herself to be was permitted to
retain that power, and ' I with million-
of other workers set aside every pre
conceived idea we had held about war
and said : "We are with our govern
ment against any. other power in the
world, bat more eeitecially - against a
power such as Germany has proven
herself to be." But surely the war has. !
brought home to millions, not only the
millions that were in the trenches and
understood and understand now what
war means, but to the millions of men
and women left at home, who suffered j
almost as muph as those In the trenches.
To Face Problem ?fow
Surely we are ready to do the thing
that will reduce the possibilities of a
recurrence, if not completely eliminate
it, because there iad been invented,
spurred on by the necessity during the
progress of this war, and were still in
the process of development, engines of
destruction that would have destroyed
the manpower of the nations involved to
the point where the civilization of the
Occident would have followed.
America alone at the close of this war
had in a factory in Maryland developed
a poisonous gas that no gas mask vot
invented would make its wearer secure
against, that would kill not only the
men and beasts it came in contact with,
but destroy the vegetation on the earth
it came in contact with. What would
that have meant, had it been employed?
What, with th development of engines
of destruction on every side, would
that have meant, had this war been
continued for two or three more years?
Civilization itself was hanging in the
balance, and we ought to be prepared,
and we are. I know what the millions
of men who were in the trenches are
thinking. I had the privilege of going
last spring as a member of the commis
sion of 19 from this country, nine of
wnom were tne direct representatives
of labor, to go to Britain and to France,
and to the western front, not only to
carry to the war weary peoples there a
message of fraternity, cheer and en
couragement from here, but to bring
back with us from the western front
a message to our own people at home
that would bring home the realities of
this war.
War Horror Bevlewed
I thought as I ' stood on one of the
forts at Verdun and looked out across
that waste 12 by 15 miles, not a blade of
grass growing on It, one great shell
crater, some of them running 20 to 24
feet down into the earth that had
thrown up the gravel until it had buried
the natural soil of the surface, and con
necting with each other, 12 by 15 miles
of that waste, and the acres of grave
yards -along the slope of Verdun where
800,000 men are buried.
That is not the casualty list at Ver
dun ; that is the number buried at.Ver
dun 8004)00. And I said then, surely
to God there is some means of settling
the disputes that arise between the na
tions : of the world by other than this.
And when Wilson's voice, speaking for
America, backed by Mr. Taft, backed
by every right-thinking man and woman
in America and Americans, generally
think ; right proposed a - league of na
tions, no words during the progress of
this war served to Inspire the great
masses of the people engaged in that
contest against? Germany with more fire
and zeal than the proposal of a league
of nations; because those millions of
men engaged, some of them for four
years, in the trenches, -were asking the
question, living In mind, going hungry,
dying by the thousands.
America's Saty Plain ' . j
Last spring when we were there Great
Britain was sacrificing 30.000 men a
week. They , were asking: the question,
why la it necessary for us to undergo '
this? . , ,... - . . i .
Let me say this to you: That no hell
ever conjured in the imagination can
equal the realities of this last war. And
the. ' soul of he most ignorant ' amongst
them was stirred and he was asking
the question, why is it necessary? The
answer came back always, there must
be formed a league that will render im
possible a recurrence of holocausts of
this kind. And I say to you that if you
are not ready to establish the League of
Nations the boys coming home from the
trenches will. The boys coming home
from the trenches are not coming home
with any false doctrine. You are not
going to find a man returning to either
France, Britain, America or Australia
coming home to apply the rule of the
cheap demigod. :
He has been thinking too deeply In re
cent years. He is coming home to think
clearly and he is coming home to ask
that the great ideals espoused by Amer
ica during the progress of the war, ideals
he fought for, be carried into effect.
Labor Favors Leagne r
And we must be prepared In our
League of Nations because these re
sponsibilities cannot safely be reported
in any world race or nation, it must be
lodged in the democratic peoples and na
tions of the world and it must be backed
with force sufficient to enforce its de
crees. That is why labor is for the League
of Nations. Labor is not laboring under
the delusion that there will be no more
war, but we want it to be reduced to the
irreducible minimum and we are ready
to contribute our share in maintaining
the peace of the world.
The. League of Nations must be backed
by military and naval force sufficient in
power to enforce its decisions. And if
that is done, surely there is no reason
why any of the nations now aligned
should ever go to war. And if they are
able to hold together they will have the
power to make the rest of the nations
stay good.
We will never again face the situation
in this world which we faced in 1914.
because it- is a different world that we
are dealing with. The conference Just
held and now in progress at Versailles
has recognized that if a League of Na
tions is to endure it must be founded on
the principles of democracy : and no de
mocracy can hope to endure that does
not recognize every part that goes to
make up that democracy.
For the first time in the history of
the world a world conference is meet
ing that recognized labor as a potential
force in the world.
Labor Is Recognized
That, more than any other act of the
Versailles conference, insures the success
of the League of Nations ; because the
growth of democracy as been so great in
the last year alone as to guarantee that
never again will a power be enthroned
there such as we found it necessary to
go to Europe three million strong to
overthrow. Never again will a power be
reposed in any group such as they have
abused.
I might stand here all night and tell
you why labor is for a League of Na
tions. There could not be any reason in
the world why labor would not be for a
League of Nations. I say to you on be
half of labor of the entire nation that
we will stretch our hand across the ocean
to workers of the world, we who have
always tried to avert war, labor that has
borne the greatest burden of all the wars
that have been fought.- labor that recog
nizes In a League of Nations the greatest
single step ever taken for the prevention
of future war, recognizing the League of
Nations as such, labor is prepared to
dedicate everything it ever possessed in
support of the doctrine that is being ad
vocated at Versailles and will be pre
sented here tonight in detail by our
friend Mr. Taft.
GREAT PROSPERITY IN
U.S. FORESHADOWED BY
LEAGUE, SAYS FILENE
Period of Good Business and De
pression, He Asserts, Will Pre
cede Greatest Activity.
"The League ,of Nations foreshadows
great prosperity in the United States,
Edward A. Filene of Boston, director
of the United States Chamber of Com
merce and member of tie League to En
force Peace, declared at the Hotel Mult
nomah Monday morning. "There Is real
freedom In association in business as
well jas otherwise, and one-man power
and bne-nation power will give way to
united effort. The principle must apply
to individual life and national life, and
when it does we will have an unboundlng
prosperity, we are really tied up with
i-unipucauons now, uut prosperity is
promised under the new league when
tinaliy adopted.'
"The league guarantees a security that
will avoid burdensome taxation. A new
rivalry In armaments would levy a tax a
tion that a league of nations will pre
vent.
Mr. Filene said the real commercial
activity of the United States will come
after a short period of good business
and then depression. After the denres
slon, he states, tie United States will
enjoy the greatest activity ever experi-
encea.
"The big factor in determinlne how
good or how bad business will be after
nurope has supplied her rush wants will
depend on the agreement coming out of
me peace conference." Mr. Filene main-
tainea.
"The enormous cost of the war will
first compel European nations to ex
port good's at almost any price in order
to pay tneir war debts. Our rcIa of
living and wages will not permit us to
compete successfully on export trade
with goods sold under the war pressure
debt of Europe. Relief Is possible if the
peace conierence recognizes tnis cor. ill
tion and should decide to pool all war
aeDts-oi tne antes and the United States.
"The agreement must be ratified,'' Mr.
Filene warned in applauding the LeasriiP
of Nations, "otherwise the great cost of
cne woria war in lire and treasure will
be wasted."
FIRE DOES $150,000
DAMAGE AT MARSHFIELD
(Continued From Page One)
Abstract Co., the Lloyd hotel, the Nich
olson drug store, which was being re
moved Into an adjoining building ; Jer
ry Simpson's pool hall, a new restaurant
owned by Mrs. Bly of Eugene, maps
and Instruments owned by Captain Fred
Gettlns and D. L. Buckingham, civil
engineers. Including valuable papers
dealing with timber lands of this sec
tion. The Bertram jewelry store was burned
but much valuable jewelry was placed
In the safe before the fire started and
will probably be saved. The stock of
the Pioneer Hardware company was
badly damaged by water and the com
pany's warehouse was destroyed.
Stauffs grocery was also damaged by
water.
The bunding of the Scandinavian
American bank was damaged but the
bank itself was saved.
Logger Proves to Be Hero
Tom Dempeey, logger, made a heroic
rescue. When Mrs. John Hicks was
trapped In her rooms above the Liberty
lesuuirani.,. .uernpsey went up the stair
way inrougn ine names and smoke
and carried- Mrs, Hicks down to the
treetV Her husband was almost over
IDEA OF
PEACE AS GIVEN
IN PARIS BACKED
Big Conference, in Portland Gets
Behind American Movement in
Paris to Secure Lasting Peace.
TO CABLE RESOLUTIONS
States of Oregon, Washington and
Idaho, Through Delegates, Go
on. Record in- Support of Plan.
The transatlantic cable will report to
the peace conference at Paris the Northwest's-
unanimous approval of the
League of Nations covenant and the
desire of Oregon, Washington and Idaho
that the United States senate shall rat
ify, according to a resolution adopted
by delegates to the Northwestern con
gress for a League of Nations. It was
the climax of the Monday afternoon
session. Former President Taft pre
sided while the resolutions were being
offered.
"Particularly the United States sena
tors." was his jovial comment, as Mrs.
Charles H. Castner read the resolution
to cable the platform of the congress.
He referred to Poindexter and Borah,
who have been, to use his words, "seek
ing every extreme hypothesis to defeat
the League of Nations."
Text of Iforthwest Resolution
The resolution offered by Mrs. Cast
ner reads as follows:
"Resolved, That the platform of the
congress be cabled to the Paris commit
tee of the League to Enforce Peace, for
presentation to the American delegates
at the peace conference and sent to the
United States senators representing the
states composing the Northwestern con
gress." The resolution embodying the plat
form of the Northwestern congress was
offered by the trl-state committee ap
pointed early in the congress sessions.
It was read by S. F. Dahm, chairman
of the committee, as follows :
Believing that the United States en
tered the war not only to protect Amer
ican interests and lives against the un
lawful attack of the German govern
ment, but also to secure a just and dur
able peace on earth for all men of good
will ; and
Believing that the real fruit of the
military victory which the allies and
America have won over the fleets and
armies of Germany and her subservi
ent accomplices can be secured only by
the formation of a league of free na
tion who will pledge their united powers
to repress war, and to uphold the set
tlement of international disputes by rea
son, justice and conciliation and thus
to promote the free, orderly and peace
ful development of mankind ;
American Ideals Indorsed
We, the delegates of this Northwest
ern conference, held under the auspices
of the League to Enforce Peace. William
Howard Taft, president, do adopt the
tollowing resolutions :
Resolved, Flrs, that we rejoice In
the presentation to the peace confer
ence at Paris of the draft constitution
of a league and covenant of free nations,
pledged to use their respective sover
eignties in a common effort to prevent
the dangers and horrors of war and to
perpetuate the blessings of a just peace
in all countries. We recognize In this
constitution measures wisely planned
to determine the effect of justice and
thus to make the world more secure In
peace and more safe for democracy.
We rejoice, as Americans, In the fact
that this plan was read to the confer
ence and so to the world by President
Wilson, whose patient and powerful
advocacy of this cause has done so much
to produce harmony and efficiency in
the result.
Resolved, Second, that we express our
strong desire that a treaty of peace of
which the formation of such a league
and covenant is an .essential part, shall
be ratified, according to the constitution,
by the senate of the United States and
that our country shall become one of
the five great powers to create the league
and to guide its arfairs, not only for
the good of America, but also for the
peaceful welfare and progress of all
mankind.
come but managed to get out to the
street. Miss Peterson and Mrs. Belle
Parkhurst were also unable to get out
of their room in the same building
and were rescued by Jerry Kinney.
cook In the Merchants restaurant.
Henry Sengstacken, proprietor of the
Title Guarantee & Abstract company,
and secretary of the Port of Coos Bay
commission, entered his burning office
to save some of the port papers. It
appeared that he would be unable to
get out and Chief of Police Carter
went into the building and brought
Sengstacken out when the latter was
almost overcome. - In the denss smoke
Carter ran into some obstruction and
was badly Injured about- the face and
head. -
A little chUd. crippled and ill, was
rescued from the Lloyd hotel by some
unknowQ man. It is possible that others
perished. There were 40. guests In the
hotel and the register was destroyed
ajid there Is no means of immediately
checking up on those who were in
the building.
Fred Nelson, proprietor of the Lloyd
hotel, barely got out with his wife
and children and did not have time
to secure 500 in currency In the hotel
office.
Doc Colby and J. Pilburs, who were
lodged in the back part of the 'Lloyd
hotel, were cut off from all escape
by way of the halls and stairways and
escaped only by letting themselves
down from the third story of the hotel
onto the roofs of burning buildings
below.
Jack Durrand, a logger, lodged on the
same floor, had a narrow escape but
managed to help others out of the
building. Most all of those who lost
in the fire were at least partially
covered by insurance.
Gorvallis Pledges
Bonus for Cannery
"' Corvallis, Feb. 18. The $4000 bonus
asked by" the Brownsville cannery to
establish a branch in Corvallis has
been pledged and the work of construc
tion will begin shortly. The bonus will
be used to finance the site and a short
spur from the main Southern Pacific
line to the new cannery, which will be
erected In North Ninth street. The can
nery will be 80x250 feet with a capacity
of not less than 15,000 cases of berries
and other fruit a season. It will be
built and equipped In time for the 191S
crops.
Seasoned slabwood and inside wood.
green, stamps for cash. Holman Fuel
Co. Main 353, A-3353. Adv.
PACT IS PRODUCT
OF GREAT MINDS
IN ALL COUNTRIES
Dr.George Grafton Wilson Tells
Northwest Conference of Long
Study Preceding Sanction.
COVENANT CRITICS REBUKED
Arguments of the Objectors to
Paris Treaty Are Taken Up
and Answered by Speaker.
Objectors to the world covenant as an
nounced by President Wilson in Paris
Friday were answered and rebuked In
decided language Monday by Dr. George
Grafton Wilson, professor of Interna
tional law at Harvard, In speaking be
fore the Northwest conference of the
League of Nations in The Auditorium.
British. French and American states
men were working out the details of the
peace league long before peace itself
was actually In sight, and that explained
why It took the Paris delegates only
three weeks to formulate the constitu
tion. Dr. Wilson told the conference.
The adopted covenant is in realltty an
extension of Amerllcan Ideals to include
all the contracting natlous of the world,
he said. He nailed the argument that
the world league could not succeed be
cause it is new.
tr. Wilson's address follows: '
"Some have said that the Paris cove
nant for a league of nations has been
hastily drawn and that due deliberation
has not been given to Its consideration.
Such persons must be Ignorant ot the
fact that able commissions have been
sitting for several years giving careful
consideration to suggested plans and to;
their application to changing world con
ditions. ."The British and French commissions
have been headed by some of the best
men in those countries. The fact that
an agreement has been reached upon the
plan within a period of less than three
weeks from the opening of the discussion
of the League, of Nations at Paris is
ample evidence of the care displayed in
the previous preparations. These com
missions realized, as President Wilson
has said, that the statesmen of the
world must plan for. peace and nations
must adjust and accommodate their poli
cies to it as they have planned for war
and made ready for pitiless contest and
rivalry.'
Object to Preserve Peace
"Lord Robert Cecil of England, when
the League of Nations plan was pre
sented on February 14, said that Its ob
ject was "to preserve the peace of the
world with the least possible Interference
with national soverignity.' In this re-
bspect Great Britain would certainly have
other state In the" world.
"A common objection is that there has
never been a league of this character
among the nations up to the present
time. Progress Is made not by rever
sion to former methods of political or
ganization, but by moving forward to
new methods.
"Another objection is stated by some
to be .that it is impossible to form a
league. To this one need merely reply
that a league has been in existence since
August, 1914. The United States has
been in this league since April 6, 1917,
and now 14 nations deliberately pro
pose, after careful consideration and by
unanimous vote, that the league 'rela
tionship shall be permanent.
Leagse Cam Obtain Objects
"Objectors further state that, if
formed, the league could not obtain the
objects stated in the preamble to be
'to promote international cooperation
and to secure international peace and se
curity by acceptanco pt obligations not
to resort to war," through respect
for international law for treaty ob
ligations and for justice. Other
methods for the preservation of peace
have been tried and have failed.
while the existence of the United States
of America itself has furnished an out
standing example of the maintenance of
Btable conditions through organized po
litical cooperation. Many treaties of the
most solemn character have been -signed
and many of these have been disre
garded when the actual strain of Inter
national lnsterests has seemed to justify
such action on the part of the political
leaders In tho states concerned. Even
the appeal to Diety as a sanction for the
fulfillment" of the obligations of "the
treaty has not been sufficiently threat
ening to insure the observance of the
treaty stipulations.
Monroe Doctrine Is Safe
ine statement or one public man
that a league of nations might pre
vent such action as taken by the United
States in the Mexican war of 1846-48,
contains in its careful consideration a
refutation of the point which he would
uesire to make, ror few of our great
leaders would . be In entire sympathy
with a policy which would Justify such
a war. Such a statement might be
characterized as a "boomerang.'
"The objection which some near
statesmen" ring to ear as unanswerable,
particularly as far as concerns Ameri
can policy, is that under a league of
nations the United States would no longer
be soie arbiter as to the interpretation
of -the Monroe doctrine. A fair reply
to this objection is that the United
States is not now the sole arbiter of
the Monroe doctrine. By a large number
. CPW.Mfi.r,l
-J'U.13 JiSEAil IUI IS SUSW
tlsctlvely g-ood.
Ask roar rrocsr.
I
f -mm
of treaties the United States has cove
nanted to leave certain questions which
might Involve this doctrine for discus
sion and decision by other than Ameri
can authorities.
Maay Treaties Are Ratified.
"Many treaties concluded since " 1913
provide:
- " The high ' contracting parties agree
that all disputes between them, of every
nature whatsoever, which diplomacy
shall fail to adjust, shall be submitted
for investigation and report, to an Inter
national commission. The In
ternational commission shall be composed
of five members to be appointed as fol
lows: One member shall be chosen from
each country by the government there
of; one member shall be chosen by i each
government from some third country ;
the fifth member shall be chosen by
common agreement between the two
governments. Pending the in
vestigation and report of the interna
tional commission the high contracting
parties agree not to increase their mili
tary or naval program.'
"The United States his ratified more
Lthan 20. of these treaties and 15 more, at
least, are In process of negotiation.
These treaties are already operative
between the United States and the lead
ing states of the World.
Arbitration Is Compulsory "
"Article XIII of the Paris Covenant
of February 14, 1919, states that:
" 'The high contracting parties agree
that should disputes arise between them
which cannot be adjusted by the ordin
ary processes of diplomacy, they will in
no case resort to war, without previously
submitting the questions and matters in
volved either to arbitration or to inquiry
by the executive council and until three
months after the award by the arbitra
tors or recommendations by the execu
tive council and that they will nofeven
That
((
By Equipping youKof ficc with
NOISE IS A DESTROYER of office
tranquillity and efficiency Discordant
typewriter din is the most offensive
noise always deplored and , previous- '
ly consideT'id a necessary evil in the
use of the essential writing machine.
RELIEF MAY BE OBTAINED tem
porarily by stopping your stenographers'
work or by shutting yourself in a noise
proof office. .
YOUR OFFICE FORCE is not so
lucky and neither are your customers.
They must "carry on" in spite of the
typewriters, or work and business stop. ;
THE NOISEEESS TYPEWRITER
has solved the problem- by operating
without noise. So quiet is the "Noise
. less" that even telephone conversations
are carried .on alongside' the machines ,
without interruption. .
IMPROVED WORKING CONDI
TIONS result from the use of .Noise
less Typewriters. Work goes smoother,
easier and faster, with greater accuracy
a great waste of . time and money is
eliminated.
OTHER NOISELESS FEATURES
make it a still better typewriter; Me
chanically 'right, standard, and thor
oughly modem, the Noiseless has other
exclusive features besides those nvhich
make it Noiseless.
Don't buy a noise buy a Noiseless, f-
Noiseless Typewriter Distributing Co.; Inc.
81 FOURTH ST.
. Phone Main 6344
San Francisco, Seattle, Los Angeles, Denver
Snf The TyptTefiicT Plus.
then , resort to war . against a member
of the league which complies with the
award of the arbitrators or the recom
mendations of the executive council.'
"The American treaty provisions and .
the Paris covenant : provisions seem so
nearly Identical as to justify the state
ment that 'the Parts congress seem s to
have adopted the American plan. In
any case the United States has for seve
ral years been under legal obligations to
refer the Monroe doctrine to a commis
sion of investigation in, case of disputes
involving that doctrine, and the new
covenant for the League, of Nations
merely strengthens the support formerly
given the American position.
Congressional Power Limited
"It is also objected that the League
of Nations' plan conditions the power of
congress to declare war. . This also is
not revolutionary or new, as the Ameri
can treaties which have been concluded
in recent years often contain provisions
modifying or limiting the power of con
gress to declare war, as in the case of
the treaty of 1907, which forbids alto
gether war undertaken for ithe coljeo
tion of contract debts.
"Carefully considered, fne great cove
nant of Paris" for a league of nations
made public on February 14,' 1919, may
be called jthe extension of American
principles and Ideals through a league of
nations toj a higher realisation estab
lishing American doctrnes as a doctrine
for the world." ,
Petroleum Men Notified
Washington, Feb.' 18. (I. N. 8.) The
fuel administration served notice today
that licensees engaged In the importa
tion, manufacture and distribution of pe
troleum and its products and natural
gas, from whom statistical reports have
been requested, must file such reports
before February 23. . . .