THE OREGON DAILY JOURNAL, PORTLAND,; MONDAY, FEBRUARY 17, 1919.
League, of Nations Is
Duly; Says Ex-President "' W. H.
1 a..' 2
World
NATIONS LEAGUE
CONGRESS OPENS;
ATTENDANCE BIG
President Lowell of Harvard De
livers Principal Address at
Opening Session at Auditorium.
LtAUUt'S UBJtUlb UIVtIM
Dr. Van Dyke, Henry Morgenthau
and Other Noted Speakers Ad
dress Gatherings in City.
Hundreds of representative citizens of
Oregon, Washington and Idaho, men
with the interests of their country and
humanity at heart, gathered at The
Auditorium Sunday night as delegates
and visitors to attend the opening ses
sion of the Northwest congress for the
League of Nations.
The principal speaker at this meeting
was A. Lawrence Lowell, president of
Harvard university. Meanwhile Dr.
Henry Van Dyke, former minister to
The Netherlands ; Hon. Henry Morgen
thau, former ambassador to Turkey,
and Mrs. Philip North Moore, president
of the American Council of Women,
were outlining the aims and objects of
the league to other audiences.
Former President W. H. Taft did not
arrive In the city until later in the eve
ning. Dr. Lowell, In a short, concise speech,
explained at Sunday night's meeting the
objects of the league, the means of ob
taining and enforcing its demands, and
the reasons for America's entry into
the league.
Peace Problem Stated
, "These meetings," he said, "are de
signed to aid in the formation of a
sound public opinion on the most impor
tant question of the hour. It is well,
therefore, that the opening meeting
should begin with a statement of the
problem. It may be stated under three
beads first, the object aimed at : second,
the means of attaining it ; third, why
the United States should take part.
"The primary object aimed at is the
prevention of war, so far as this is pos
sible. No one believes wars can be pre
vented altogether, but we believe wars
can be greatly reduced ; and the preven
tion of any war Is an inestimable benefit
to mankind. It is needless to enlarge
upon this subject, for there is probably
no American who does not agree to its
Importance no one who would not pre
vent war if he could.
. "The second point is the problem of
accomplishing the object of preventing
wars. Few people still cling to the hope
that wars can be prevented by the mere
encouragement of a spirit of friendli
ness and good feeling among nations.
The war just ended is sufficient proof
to the contrary. The means consist
ently advocated by the League to En
force Peace, by kindred societies tn other
lands, by far sighted statesmen in many
countries and by our own president
nearly three years ago, are embodied in
the covenant reported to the peace .con
ference at Paris on Friday. That docu
ment a very great piece of statesman
ship has been made public and we can
study its provisions.
Nations Like Individuals
. "The means it offers for preventing
war are those used In all civilized com
munities to maintain law and order
and restrain violence and bloodshed.
One of these Is a tribunal of some kind
to decide controversies that might oth
erwise lead to strife. There is, however,
a difference between the relations one
to another of citizens- and nations, in
that a comparatively small part of the
relations of nations is 'regulated even
by those imperfect rules which we call
international laws. It is needful, there
fore, to have some other body to arbi
trate, and if possible, adjust controversies
Involving claims that are not of a strictly
legal nature. For this purpose such
questions are to be referred to the ex
ecutive council of the league.
"The nations in the league 'must agree
to submit their controversies to the
tribunal for decision, or to the council
for inquiry, before resorting to arms;
and there must be a force powerful
enough to compel them to do so. Such a
force must be potentially so great that
a nation would not venture to defy it.
The force may be exerted in various
'ways, by economic and other forms of
pressure ; but as a last resort a nation
that wants to go to war must know
that it will face the whole league in
arms ; and in fact the covenant provides
that a nation attacking another before
going to arbitration will automatically
be at war with all the members of the
league. Such a risk no nation will take
so long as the league holds together.
. . Burden on Large States
"There must clearly be an executive
council to administer the affairs of the
league and determine, if the emergency
should arise, how compulsion shall be
applied. Here the heaviest responsibil
ity must rest upon the large nations ;
but the covenant provides for nearly as
many representatives from smaller
states.
"Finally, in order that progress may
not be arrested, that the world may not
GET AFTER THAT
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Got right after it with a bottle
of Dr. King's New
Discovery
She never Jet a cough or cold or case
of grippe go until It grew dangerous.
She Just nipped it when she began to
sniffle or cough before it developed seri
ously." '
Men, women and children of every
age have used this preparation for fifty
years as a prompt reliever. All ages
are using it today because of its posi
tive results.
Generous size. bottles sold everywherei
60q and $1.20. Adv.
. Constipation Corrected
Dr. King's New Life : Pills tonight
mean clear bowels, a clear head, clear
thinking, a day -welt begun In the morn
ing, good digestion, clearing skin. Mild
in action but sure and comfortable. At
drug stores everywhere. 25c Adv.
be compelled to remain in a political
status quo, there must be some periodi
cal meeting" of delegates from all the
members of the league to discuss Im
provements In International law and
the claims of aggrieved nations.
"The third question is why the United
States should take part in such a league.
There are two reasons. It is ber inter
est to do so. The events of the last
two years have shown that the pld pol
icy of isolation is no longer tenable in
the case of a great European war. For
practical purposes the expanse of water
between America and Europe is becom
ing narrower and narrower, and we are
and shall be ever more open to attack.
It is for our interest that wars should
cease. Moreover, it is our duty to take
part in such a league. v National self
ishness, the recognition of no motive
but national self interest, was the prin
ciple that actuated Germany in the
war, and brought her to the most hu
miliating disaster recorded in history.
The prevention of needless war is a
duty for all nations, and a people does
not prosper by a lack of magninimity
toward the rest of mankind.
Critics Are Aaswered
"The critics of such a league object
that it is not in accord with the advice
of Washington and other statesmen of
his day. These men were among the
greatest innovators the world has ever
known, and they looked the facts of
their day in the face. We follow their
example If we are innovators and look
the facts of our day boldy in the face.
America will not heed the argument that
we shall not do a thing because it is
new.
"Objection is also raised to the plan
of entrusting the conquered German col
onies to mandatories supervised by the
league. But if we look at the super
vision described by the covenant, it con
sists chiefly of provisions that the man
datories shall be responsible to the
league for gross misgovernment of back
ward peoples, and shall not monopolize
products essential to the Industries of
the world. By helping to win the war
America helped to obtain these colonies
and in her own interest as well as for
humanity and justice she. could, ask no
less.
"Our critics say that in advocating
this league we are helping Bolshevism.
But this child of anarchy, of opposition
to Island order, is precisely the oppo
site of our effort by means of a League
of Nations to maintain law and order
throughout the world."
Other Speakers Explain, League
At a meeting in the First Presbyterian
church. Ambassador Morgenthau spoke
along the same lines, and. Dr. Van Dyke
addressed a large audience at the West
minster Presbyterian church on the rela
tions of America to the league.
Mrs. Phillip North Moore was the prin
cipal speaker at a peace meeting held
under the auspices of the congress at
th First Congregational church.
Morning, afternoon and evening ses
sions are to be held in The Auditorium
Monday, at which all of the distin
guished visitors to the city will be given
a chance to explain to the citizens of
the Northwest their views of the League
of Nations, and the' objects to be accom
plished by it..
DR. HENRY VAN DYKE
VIRILE IN HIS PRAISE
OF RIGHTFUL PEACE
Great Audience Hears Noted Man
Score Hun and Administrators
of His Fiendishness.
Taking for his text "The work
of righteousness shall be peace and the
effect of righteousness quietness and con
fidence forever," Henry Van Dyke, for
mer minister to The Netherlands and
noted author, spoke of the war and the
League of Nations to an audience over
flowing the Westminister Presbyterian
church Sunday night.
"This was Germany's war," declared
Dr. Van Dyke. "She prepared it. she
planned it, she wanted it. and she got
it In the neck." '
Dr. Van Dyke apologized for his un
theological expression, saying he had
been in the service of the United States
navy for the last year. With his kindly
smile, his sympathetic nature, Dr. Van
Dyke took his audience into his confi
dence and his talk was interspersed with
slang expressions and poetry.
He told of the beginning of the war
as he had had occasion to view it first
hand and he told of the necessity of
America's entry into it. He denounced
the pacifists, saying that no pacifist
should have a hand in making peace be
cause he does not love it enough to risk
his all for It.
Of President Wilson, Dr. Van Dyke
said :
"I am not asking you to approve of
President Wilson's policies, but I do say
we were fortunate to have at the head
of this nation a man who realized what
we were fighting for was the work of
righteousness in establishing peace as
soon as possible."
"The spirit of America was with the
allies from the start," said Dr. Van
Dyke, "because we knew this war was
a war against the peace of the world.
Germany for 4 years had taught that
war is the highest function of the state,
that it is a biological necessity."
Speaking of the terms of peace, Dr.
Van Dyke said :
"I am not a passionate, personal ad
mirer of William Hohensollern, but I
should not like to see him assassinated
or even executed by lynch law. It is no
use to put a martyr's crown on the
head of one of the greatest criminals
this world has ever seen. Let him stand
at the bar of justice and ,be tried, and
let the spirit of the tribunal which tries'
him be not vengeance nor even hatred
toward him and his accomplices, simply
that of righteous wrath and Just vindi
cation. The Bible tells us to forgive,
but only the repentant. It nowhere says
forgive and forget.' Let us "be Chris
tian and be fair, righteous and merciful,
but don't let i us be sloshy sentimental
ists. "Out of the conference over there,
there has come in two months the most
wonderful promise of a plan to estab
lish, a definite peace of the world that
mankind has ever seen. Z do not say
it is perfect, because it is human, but it
is the most fair, equitable, promising,
Christian thing that men ever had be
fore them since the beginning of the
Christian era. It does not promise a
millenium, but offers a way -of keeping
us from slipping back into the hell of
war." , - t - , : -
Dr. Van : Dyke scored Senators Poln
dexter, Borah and others who opposed,
the League of Nations in the senate.
Dr. Van Dyke closed his address with
a ' beautiful eulogy on , the Stars and
Stripes. i ,
MANY TRADES AND
PROFESSIONS SEEN
AMONG DELEGATES
China and British Columbia Rep
resented, but Attendance Is
Chiefly From Pacific Northwest
REGISTRATION NEARLY 2000
Women's Organizations Well Rep
resented and Schools Send
Large Proportion of Members.
Internationalism and democracy are
written all over the cards on which dele
gates to the congress for a League of
Nations have registered their names,
addresses, occupations and bodies rep
resented, written larger and more un
mistakably . than the signatures them
selves. There is one delegate from
China, a dozen from British Columbia,
but many nationalities are evidenced in
the names, and the occupations include
everything from being president of a
university to plowing the earth or min
ing the ore therefrom. There are
bankers, Judges, editors, ministers,
farmers, mechanics, railroad officials,
fraternal organizers, school superin
tendents and college professors, students
and shop keepers.
The registration has reached nearly
2000, mostly from Oregon and Washing
ton, a slight sprinkling from Idaho.
These three states comprise the north
west district covered by this congress.
There are also delegates from New York,
New Jersey, Washington, D. C, Chi
cago, California and Wyoming, several
from British Columbia and Abby Shaw
Mayhew from Shanghai, China, who
represents the Woman's National Farm
and Garden association Of New York.
Among the prominent people registered
are : '
Washington
J. W. Clark, editor Grays Harbor
Post, Aberdeen.
J. S. McDonald, Timbermen's union,
Chehalis.
Mrs. W. W. Walker, president Aber
deen Civic Improvement club. Aberdeen.
Mrs. May B. Watkins, county clerk,
Cathlamet.
Edgar Reed, superintendent public
schools, Centralia.
N. B. Coffman, banker, Chehalis.
Dan W. Bush, president and manager
canning company, Chehalis.
W. A. Reynolds, judge superior court,
Chehalis.
George R. Thompson, principal high
school, Chehalis.
George H. Black, principal Normal
school, Ellensberg.
W. H. Clay, city commissioner, Ever
ett. Major Patterson, editor, Hoquiam.
E. F. Redd, wholesale grain merchant,
Kahlotus.
Eldridge Wheeler, superintendent pub
lic schools, Montesano.
Charles J. Foster, superintendent pub
lic schools. Mount Vernon.
C. E. Beach, superintendent public
schools, Oiympia.
Mrs. Josephine M. Preston, state
superintendent public instruction, Oiym
pia. Agnes Houston Craig, Washington
State college, Pullman.
Joseph M. Gangler. president Com
mercial club. Port Angeles.
F. A. Golder, Washington State col
lege, Pullman.
J. M. Ralston, judge. Port Townsend.
Miss Rhoda M. White, dean of women,
Washington State college, Pullman.
R. P. Richelberger, superintendent
schools, Ritzville.
Mrs. C. C. Bovee, Woman's Century
club, Seattle.
Mrs. N. S. McCready, president Wash
ington Federation women's ,clubs, Sno
homish. Rev. F. T. Rouse. National Council
Congregational churches. Seattle.
H. W. B. Hewen, judge superior court,
South Bend.
J. R, Dunphy, Western Newspaper as
sociation, Spokane.
W. S. Elliott, general traveling agent,
O-W. R. & N., Spokane.
Charles O. Dates, president Washing
ton State Bar association, Tacoma.
Mrs. Overton Ellis, officer League to
Enforce Peace, Tacoma.
Mrs. W. E. Brown, governor's dele
gate, Vader.
L. K. Grimes, pastor First Presby
terian church, Vancouver.
G. W. Wilde, president Vancouver
Commercial club.
Mrs. Mary Gilliam, county superinten
dent schools. Walla Walla.
Oregon
John E. Gratke, editor, Astoria.
H. L. Hussong, superintendent schools,
Astoria.
George H. Foster, postmaster. Baker.
C. A. Peterson, postmaster, Buxton.
J. A. Bexell, dean, school of Com
merce, O. A. C, Corvallis.
W. S. Brown, O. A. C, Corvallis.
Mrs. Ida B. Callahan, president Cor
vallis Woman's club, Corvallis.
H.XJ. Dubach, O. A. C, Corvallis.
A. E. Frost, publisher, Corvallis.
John B. Horner, O. A. C, Corvallis.
C. E, Ingalls, editor, Corvallis.
J. C. Lowe, mayor, Corvallis.
F. A. McGrudser, Corvallis.
, W. H. Malone, county Judge, Corvallis.
. N. R. Moore, editor, Corvallis.
H. M. Tenhant, registar, O. A. C, Cor
vallis. Colonel William H. C. Bowen, Uni
versity of Oregon, Eugene.
President and Mrs. P. L. Campbell,
University of Oregon, Eugene.
Edgar E. De Cou, University of Ore
gon, Eugene.
Earl Kilpatrick, University of Oregon.
Warren Du Pre Smith, University of
Oregon, Eugene.
Colonel John Leader, "University of
Oregon, Eugene.
Mrs. Minnie Washburn, Eugene
Woman's club, Eugene.
. H. L. Bates, Pacific University, Forest
Grove.
R. F. Clark, president Pacific uni
versity. Forest Grove.
Miss Mary F. Farnham, dean of
women. Pacific university. Forest Grove.
Mrs. Charles H. Caster, president Ore
gon Federation of Women's clubs.
Hood River.
. Lesslie Butler, banker. Hood' River.
Mr. and Mrs. Walter Kimball, Hood
River.
A. W. Stone, manager Apple Growers'
association. Hood River.
Dr. and Mrs. Carl Graham, John Day,
Or. i
Mrs. A. E. Ivanhoe, county school
superintendent. La Grande.
Mrs. Fred G. Sen like, president Ore
gon Congress of Mothers, La Grande.
S. E. Cummins, county commissioner,
McMinnville.
S. S. Duncan, county school superin
tendent, McMinnville.
J. G. Eckman. editor. McMinnville.
H. C. Dires, central , labor council,
Marshfield. ,
J. H. Ackerman, . president , State
Normal school, Monmouth.
Jessica Todd, dean of women, Mon
mouth. ,
Maberwest. librarian. Monmouth.
Miss Rosa .M. Tarrott, State Normal
school, Monmouth, i
Miss Gladys Hannon, lecturer for W.
G. ' T. U. Newberg .
J. A. WesterlundJ representative, Med
ford. :- . . . .
J. E. Catavan, county superintendent
of schools, Oregon City. '
R. W. Kirk, city superintendent of
schools. Oregon City'
J. W. Allen, superintendent of schools.
Miss Flora M. Case, librarian, Salem.
J. T. Matthews, Willamette university,
Salem.
Mrs. Isaac Lee Patterson,- -Daughters
of American Revolution, Salem.
Fred A. Williams, public service com
missioner, Salem.
George C. Blakely, president Red
Cross, The Dalles.
E. R. Chase, county agricultural agent.
The Dalles.
C. J. Edwards, manager Light &
Power Co.. Tillamook.
TAFT SEES BIG
PLANS FOR PEACE
(Continued From Pge One)
character, should be submitted to an
international court ; that all other dif
ferences should be submitted to a coun
cil of conciliation ; that every member of
the league should agree to refrain from
going to war until after Judgment by
the court or recommendation by the
council of conciliation, and that any
member who violated this obligation by
attacking any other member, should be
overwhelmed by the economic pressure
of all the members of the league and
the joint military forces of the league, if
need be. Similar associations were
formed in England and in France, with
similar platforms, except that they pro
vided for a forcible execution of the
judgments and a dealing with the
recommendations of the councils of con
ciliation by the league.
League Alms Defined
There has been no means of knowing
until now exactly what is meant by a
league of nations except by reference
to the platforms of these voluntary as
sociations. The governments of England
and France created commissions for the
special purpose of studying the proper
framework of a league of nations, but
the result of their studies was not given
to the public. Our government had de
clined to create such a commission. On
Friday last, however, the committee to
whom the great Paris congress had
delegated the work of preparing a plan
for a league of nations, of which Presi
dent Wilson was the chairman, made a
report which was concurred in by the
representatives of all the nations of the
14 nations at the conference. Now,
therefore, we have an authoritative
statement of the constitution of a
League of Nations and an official basis
tor its discussion. This constitution is
indeed in the scope of its purpose than
was the platform of our League to En
force Peace. The platform of our league
was a mere skeleton. It had prepared a
tentative draft of a treaty to give it
body and constructive details, but that
tentative draft was never given to the
public, because it was thought wiser by
governmental authority to withhold it.
The sole object of the League to Enforce
Peace platform was to promote peace
and avoid war by instrumentalities for
administering Justice between nations.
It did not even contain a provision with
respect to the limitation of armament.
The purpose of the Constitution reported
LJ'aT.ia' whch we may properly call
"The Great Covenant of Paris," is much
mider.
Outline of Objects
It is to organize a real and perma
nent league, whose first object is to
provide for the just settlement of differ
ences between nations and the prevent
ing of wars, and for this purpose to limit
armament. Its second object is to exer
cise executive functions in the adminis
tration of international trusts like the
government of backward peoples whom
this war has released from the sover
eignty of the Germans and the other
central powers. Its third object i3 to
promote cooperation between the na
tions, with a view to the betterment of
the condition of labor in all the nations,
and for Joint action in respect to other
useful matters.
The league is to be formed by a cov
enant which recites in Its preamble its
general purpose, and then states in 26
different articles the agreements in
cluded in the covenant.
The present membership of the league
is to consist of the 14 nations who are
to be signatories to the covenant and to
sign the treaty of peaces The most
numerous acting governmental branch
of the league is a body of delegates, to
meet once a year or oftener, if neces
sary, to consist of at least one represent
ative and not more than three from
each nation, with but one vote for each
state. This body of delegates is to pass
upon the question of membership of
other nations applying to be admitted.
Before a nation shall be admitted it
must show itself able and willing to con
form to the covenant and must receive
the vote of two-thirds of the members
of the league. The body of delegates
also has the function of taking the place
of the executive council as a tribunal of
conciliation and compromise when either
party to the controversy duly de
mands it. '
The Executive Council
The most important agency of the
league Is the executive council, which
consists of representatives of the five
great powers and of four other mem
bers to be selected by the body of dele
gates. This council has numerous ex
ecutive duties for the league and in most
respects Is the league, and it performs
an important function in mediation and
settlement of differences. There is a
permanent secretariat of the league,
which is to be established at the seat
of the league ther to perform the duties
indicated by its name.
Resolve to Submit
Bills for Excess
Funds at Election
Salem, Feb. 17. In accordance with
the program outlined by the Joint ways
and means committee for taking care of
meritorious appropriation bills which
call for funds in excess of the available'
revenues of the state, a resolution was
introduced in the house Saturday after
noon by the committee calling for a spe
cial election to be held June 5, at which
It is proposed to submit such bills to
the people.
A question was raised as to whether
the calling of a special election might
endanger the emergency clause which
has been attached to road bills and
other pieces of legislation, and to give
opportunity to sound out the members
of the legislature on that point the res
olution was laid on the table.
Some of the members feared that if
a special election is to be held soon un
expected opposition might, develop to
the emergency clause on "various
measures.
McAdoo Rail Plans
Tabled in Congress
s Washington, Feb. 17. (L N. S.)
That the house interstate commerce
committee will take no action during
this session of congress on the McAdoo
plan for a five-year extension of gov
ernment control of the railroad's, was
definitely decided this afternoon when
the committee "tabled" the pla.n.
Coal Output Increased -
Washington, Feb. 17. (V. P.) Amer
ican coal, miners Increase the 1918
production of coal 34.000,000 tons over
1917. Secretary of the Interior Lane
stated today in praising their work dur
ing' the .war. r-i .i.v v' ,
"Federal Control Economical
Washington, Feb. 17. L N. S.) A
total Baving of $13,910,370 has been ef
fected by the railroads of the Allegheny
region during the period of federal con
trol. Regional Director Markham today
reported to the railroad administration.
I MARINE
TERMED PART OF
NATION'S DEFENSE
After-War Problems Discussed
by Edward A. Filene, Boston
Merchant, at League Congress.
LEAGUE IDEA IS INDORSED
Plan Must Be Approved to Stop
Armament Rivalry, Declares the
Speaker at Meeting Today.
A million dollars' worth of space dally
is being given by the newspapers of the
country to discussion of the League of
Nations, said Edward A. Filene. famous
Boston merchant and director of the
United States Chamber of Commerce,
in his address this morning before the
League of Nations congress.
"That means," said he, "that over
9500,000,000 a year is being given to this
subject, in the press and periodicals in
this country alone. That is a pretty
large mm of money, a pretty concrete
statement, and we can really under
stand and it is definite proof of what
the people want, because newspapers
would not give all that space to an idea
that was just an idea and of no interest
to us. ,
"I mention this not only for the fact
that it is a proof, but also that we shall
realize when we criticise the newspapers
as we have real reason to criticise
them very often, for they are not any
more infallible than we are that they
are doing one of the biggest and most
real services to the world today in be
half of this League of Nations that has
or can be done.
Cost Burden Considered
"The cost of the war has been enor
mous. However, there is a recuperative
power in the world, as the business man
sees it, to deal with that cost of war,
providing no other staggering burdens
are added to it. The cost of the war
will translate itself, of course, into tax
ation In all the countries. If, to that
really great burden, the greatest burden
in the way of taxation in the history
of the world, there Is added the limit
less, endless burden bf rivalry , of arma
ments, then that recuperative power will
be sorely tried and may fail, because
the people of all the countries of the
world may not be able to suffer such a
load.
"Article VIII of the League of Nations
constitution, adopted by the peace con
ference, recognizes the necessity for con
trol of armaments. Unless this provision
is accepted, rivalry of armament is
bound to come, every nation is bound to
arm itself, unles we get a League of
Nations which will give a reasonable
hope of preventing future wars. Peace
loving as we are in the United States,
we want peace, but we shall stand for
the arming of this country to its fullest
extent if as a result of our senate's re
fusal to ratify it, no real and useful
League of Nations is formed. . "because
the greatest armament that we can get
will then mean only enough to secure
the peace of our country, which we love,
and security from such assault as was
made on the peace of Europe.
Armmcnt Rivalry Menace
"If you add the cost of that arma
ment to the cost of the war and then
translate it into taxes levied on the peo
ple of the world, it becomes clear that it
will be a burden unparalleled in history
and amost Impossible to be borne. There
Is no limit to rivalry in armament. The
possibility of spending money in war Is
nothing to the possibilty of what a coun
try will do in creating what is supposed
to be a protective and preventive arma
ment, because the only armament that is
going to count is an armament which is
as big or bigger than any other nation's.
"Now, the burden which that taxation
will impose on a people already over
strained by war will surely cause dlscon-.
tent, and as that discontent is further in
creased by the continuance of that kind
of taxation (and you cannot discontinue
it as long as you must rival other na
tions in your preparations for war)
theremust come, first revolutionary feel
ing, and then revolution, unless the na
tions take some step to prevent it. Every
government will naturally prefer to have
war rather than revolution. It has .al
ways been possible for a nation threat
ened with revolution to draw its people
together by making war on some other
country. And so every country will ex
change revolution for war whenever pos
sible, and so you will have the outlook
definitely for war and still more war.
Must Approve League
"So looking at it from the most mate
rial standpoint In the most selfish way
we find that we must either get this
League of Nations approved by our
senate or we shall get inevitably this
heavy taxation which means discontent
and revolution and eventually war. I
"Now I am pleading from the stand- j
point of selfishness, but what I am real
ly pleading for Is an enlightened self- j
ishness which sees the facts and does
not allow party, race or prejudice to
obscure the facts.
"Let us now consider briefly two
things which are necessary to prosperity
and see what wil lactually happen in
these two directions and how they will
make for peace or war. Take food, for
instance. We are hearing all the time
about these new nations which are be
ing created in Europe. Imagine that
there is not food enough in their, coun
tries for these new nations which are
trying to find themselves.
"Is there any government no matter
how good It may be otherwise that can
live in those nations if there is not food
enough to feed the people from day to
day? Should we, after all. care so much
about those nations that we should be
Inspired to fight for them if their men
were so self-seeking and servile that
they would let their children and women
die rather than fight any government
whic his so weak that it cannot provide
the necessary food for its people? The
United States would not stand behind
such governments and those nations, if
deprived of sufficient food, will fight and
ought to fight. y
Old Methods Iiadeqsate
"It is-impossible with the old methods
of distribution of food and of raw mate
rial to keep the world supplied in the
next few ears. We have seen during
the - war, how,ever, that in spite of an
apparent shortage of food for the allies
which threatened our victory we were
able with very little deprivation on our
MERCHAN
part to supply our associates tn the war
and many of the neutral countries. So,
with some decent kind of international
cooperation, we shall be able to feed, the
world and to give stability to the League
bf Nations, by preventing the revolt
wheh famu.i will inevitably produce in
the weaker nations, and which would un
doubtedly lead to war.-
"It is the same with raw materials.
A man lives not only by food. He has
got to have some chance, some oppor
tunity to earn enough to live decently,
and do something besides eat and sleep.
He has aspirations. If there is not in
these countries . enough raw material
so that the people can gradually build
up their Industries, so that r opportuni
ties will increase from year to year, then
discontent, growing discontent and revo
lution and war are threatened. And
what I have said of the new nations ap
plies also to the older nations.
Wise Distribution Heeded
"I can only touch upon these things
brlfly. Bu these two things.' unless we
can provide for their wise distribution
by proper and generous International -cooperation,
business men see, will threat
en ad make almost sure the defeat of a
permanent peace. If a League of Na
tions is formed such cooperative agree
ments would be one of the things it
would undertake, to preserve the peace
of the world.
"Let us consider one more thing that
.the League of Nations will have to deal
with lest, curiously enough, by the very
excess of its product it should threaten
the permanency of peace.
"That is shipping. Sea power is the
greatest controlling . factor in world
power. Finally this means not' only
naval power but it means control of
prices, and so control of finance. To put
it simply, in domestic products the price
to the consumer is the price of the pro
ducer plus the cost of transportation.
That is, the consumer bears the cost of
transportation and tho producer gets a
fair price as a nile for his product. On
goods sold internationally, such as food
and raw material, the international price
Is the price that makes the domestic
price. For instance, the price of wheat
in Liverpool makes the price that the
producer in America gets. If wheat in
Liverpool is, say 92 a bushel, the Ameri
can producer will, with certain small re
ductions, get about 92 a bushel, less the
cost of transportation.
relguts Big Factor
"Now the cost of transportation by a
ship from here to Liverpool varied, be
fore the war, all the way from nothing,
which It was sometimes when ships used
it for ballast, up to 69 or SO cents a
bushel. Take a 92 wheat, with a 10
cent charge from here to Liverpool, the
producer got 91-90 for his wheat. If it
was 92 wheat and the shipping charge
was 50 cents from here to Liverpool, the
producer got J1.50. The men or nation
controlling the shipping of the world
will thus be able to put up and down
the prices of our products as well as the
products of other nations, and that is
what I mean when I say that the nation
that controls shipping will also control
the prices and finances of the world.
"More than that. Shipping monopolies
can be created, and shipping monopolies
are more dangerous than railroad mon
opolies have been or can be. Shipping
monopolies may. have undue power over
transportation rates. Such a monopoly
may make unfair rates, may discrimin
ate against ports, and in many ways
seriously interfere with the stable pros
perity of the world.
Snip Aid In Defense
"Now more than that, merchant ships
are a real part of a nation's defense. We
found that out in this war. and no na
tion will recklessly, therefore, hand over
its product for export to be transported
by the ships of other nations. As we
saw in this war, we could not get our
ships fast enough, and we have gone
to an expense of over 93,000,000 to try
and make up for what we did not do
In the 'past. We were not ready in
ships, and we had to work very hard
to be only in part ready now.. There
fore, shipping is of the utmost import
ance. But if we use our shipping self
ishly simply to get the most ships and
to use them only for ourselves, then we
will interfere very seriously with the
prosperity and continued peace of the
world.
"Britain fought our war ofr us for
three years Britain fought our . war
with us for almost - year and a half
more. Britain paid the cost of the war
with over a million dead, not to speak
of the wounded and crippled. There is
hardly a home in England that . does
not have its dead, its wounded or crip
pled. v. "To us shipping means profits and
business, but to Britain it means secur
ity. To Britain it means life and safety.
The British Empire can only exist by
connecting its various colonies safely
and continuously by its shipping. Under
the conditions after establishing peace
Britain has got to continue to build
ships and more ships with which to con
nect all parts of her empire so that they
may act in concert, so that England can
be supplied by her colonies with food
and raw material of which she ordi
narily has only two or three months'
supply on hand.
Banger of Excess
"We can see that under these circum
stances there may come a great world
excess of shipping, and if there is an
excess of shipping, it won't pay the
private financial interests who, engage
in it to thus continuously connect one
part of the world, with the other.",
"Then will come the dropping off
of shipping lines, and then will come
rivalry as on the Mississippi river, where
at one time there were more ships than
they could use, and in the later years
practically none. So that we business
men must see here also when we con'
sider these facts, the great basic. Im
portant nee dthat the senate shall en
dorse a League of Nations, which, after
all, means largely friendly cooperation
in meeting those claims which will be
forced on all nations for-food, raw ma
terials and shipping. Only by such co
operative agreements can we hope to
avoid the disastrous, consequences of
reckless international competition and
of the want and dissatisfaction in, every'
nation which engender revolution and
war.
Finally, we business men do not , look
upon the League of Nations as a Uto
pian thing. I think we realize that front
the business man's standpoint this
League of Nations is absolutely needed.
The Chamber of. Commerce of the Unit
ed States has Just, sent out a statement
which some of you have already , re
cetved, to that effect." .
Automobile Crashes .
Km Two, Injure 13
Los Angels, Feb... 17. (I. S.)
Two persons are dead and . 13 others
suffering severe Injuries today as the
toll of automobile accidents In Los
Angeles- Sunday. Mrs. Elizabeth Wood,
75, was instantly kBled when she was
run down by a machine. Howard J.
Thompson was killed in another - accident-
Arthur Hough, . millionaire " gun
powder, manufacturer of London, Eng
land,' was shaken , up when' an automo
bile crashed - Into hie car in Lincoln
park. - . - ' ,
TAFT VIGOROUSLY
ASSAILS CRITICS
OF LEAGUE AIMS
Former President Congratulates
Wilson on League Status; Re
, grets Senate Baiting.:
BORAH, P0INDEXTER SCORED
". . . : '" ;'.:- '" v; I '
Many Problems Remain for
League, but German Views Do
Not Confine Approval.
"President Wilson is to be warmly
congratulated on having the "League of
Nations take the i substantial form it
does.
"Borah and Polndexter and the others
are using all theirs ingenuity to discover
impossible hypotheses against the league.
You can destroy the constitution of the
United States by impossible hypotheses."
So declared former President William
H. Taft. .who arrived in Portland Sunday
night to attend the convention of the
League of Nations.
"I have already ; expressed myself as
being .n favor of the league, though
there are two or three points on which
I would like to see it go further." he
continued. "I would have been glad had
there been a clause in the league making
It obligatory on the powers to furnish
troops and military forces.
"As It Is, such military forces are only
voluntary. General Smuts' plan for the
feague would use the boycott as a means
of forcing powers to obey its decisions;
but I would like to see military force
back of its decisions.
"There, are many problems still before
the league, and from the time taken to
frame its constitution, I judge it wl'l be
two or three months before it can he put
in treaty form for ratification by tr-s
various powers. I believe It is the duty
of the senate of the United States to
ratify the ti eaty -covering our member
ship in the league when the treaty is
brought up for ratification. '
"I am sure that the people of the
Northwest will appreciate the-advantage
of having an International arrangement
preventing another such war as that
Just finished, and that it is a very small
and contracted view of our powers as
a nation that win prevent our Joining
a league that will allow us to exercise
our . powers as a nation for the benefit
of the whole world.
"Senator Polndexter's view on the
limitation of the sovereignty of this na
tion and the power to make itself useful
minimizes its sovereignty and perverts
the "constitution. ' We must not use the
government to- prevent us being the
keystone of the. league and a help to the
world in maintaining a lasting peace.
"Why can't we play the game? We
have courts to which we submit mat
. "T77 " ! llQ"'
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During the. forty-five years that we ahve .
served teh Home Makers of the Pacific slope
we have learned to know those builders whose
every effort is sincere. Those serve you and us.
For the other sort we've "neither time nor
patince. -: - i
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Snicerity is in evidence in every line of this
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Stores Also at 8a FraaeUeo.'Oaklasd. Sacramento, Saa'Jose,
. - Los Asgeles, Has Diego, . ,
ters for arbitration, and accept the deci
sion. ; When-, we go to the courts we
expect. If we are right, that the courts
will decide in our favor. .
"If we are wrong, like a man who has -killed
another, we expect that the deci
sion will be against us. Polndexter has
the German view of sovereignty. He
believes that a nation should not give
up its power to enforce Its wilkj
'We, have been attempting to bring
the matter of the League of Nations to
the attention of the people, so that they
will be able to decide whether the United
States should become a member.
"We have had very fine meetings in
Boston, New York, Chicago and Minne
apolis, and while it is difficult to Judge
public opinion on a momentous matter
such as this I believe that the people of
the country are in favor or some Inter
national arrangement that will give the
world a lasting peace."
Members of Party
Accompanying Mr. Taft. who arrived
in the city Sunday evening, were Dr.
Henry Van Dyke, former minister to the
Netherlands ; Professor George Grafton
Wilson of the Harvard law school, Hon.
Henry Morgenthau. former ambassador
to Turkey; Edward A. Filene, director
of the United States Chamber of Com
merce,, and Mrs. Phillip North Moore,
president of the National Women's coun-
. The party was met at the Union sta
tion by a reception committee consisting
of Judge Charles H. Carey. Franklin T.
Griffith. 'General Charles F. Beebe, Sen
ator Frederick W. Mulkey, C. S. Jack
son. Edgar B. Piper, Ben Selling, Na
than Strauss and Mayor George L.
Baker. ' r
Travel-tired, after the long trip from
Minneapolis, where he addressed a
peace conference similar to the one now
in session in Portland, Mr. Taft did
not attempt to go to The Auditorium
Sunday night, but went direct to the
Multnomah hotel. Other members of
the party, after dinner at the hotel,
went to The Auditorium, but Mr. Taft
remained in , his room, preparing . for
the strenuous day ahead of him.
The former president did not seem as
heavy as formerly, but the famous smile
was in evidence when the train pulled
into the depot. After a brief recep
tion, and the customary poses for pho
tographers, Mr. Taft entered his car
and went to his hotel. . , i
A committee of three from the Oregon
legislature waited upon Mr. Taft and
tendered, him an official Invitation
to visit the session of the legis
lature at Salem. Mr. Taft expressed
regret that the short time allowed him
in Oregon and the press of duties in con
nection with the peace conference in
Portland would make It impossible for
him to take advantage of the invitation.
The committee consisted of Senators A,
W. Orton and H. C. Huston and Repre
sentative Hare. -
Jt atner ana son Are
Shot by Burglar
San Francisco, Feb. 17. (I. N. 8.)
Albert Flscfierkeller and his son, Albert,
aged 17, were lined up against a wall
in their home here today and each
Bhot twice by a burglar. Both -father
and son may die. The burglar jbecama
enraged when the Fischerkellers at
tempted to overpower him after he
had been caught in the act of ransack
ing the : house by the son.
AT BROADWAY