.1
f -. ' - v. i 1 ,-.-v - " .V
"A ,? 1.V.-1
-? PORTLAND.
OREGON
14
TUESDAY,
f OCTOBER
8., 1919.,
-1
V 1
: ?'M
; .5 ;
KILLED NEXT DAY
Mr. and Mrs. Dan G. Mafarkey
of Warrenton Receive Cheerful
fi Note From Son Killed Aug. IT.
FIGHTING LETTERS" CHEER
Although' Nd Tear - of Bursting
V Shells Was Felt, Steel Frag
ffment Ends Life of Oregon Boy.
v- -
i When Gerald Malarkey fell on the bat
tlefield In France, It was after he had
wttten a cheery letter to his parents.
Mr. and Mrs. . Dan O. Malarkey; of
Warrenton, Or. The letter had not been
posted And the mall orderly of bis de
tachment added the sad postscript that
the young; man had Just, been killed by
.shell.
.-Courageous In his task of fighting: the
Hun, and buoyed up by the cheerful and
Tighting" letters received from his par
ents, the soldier. Just prior to meeting
his death, had written a letter to his
people, excerpts froA which follow under
date, "On the Front, August ,10:
"Iear -Father c I am, about a week Lute
with this letter, owing to my not being
able- to get any writing material up
until a couple ofdays ago.
Fatally 1st Per Cest TJ.' 8.
V, "The last letter I received ; from you
was yours and mother's Joint letter
1 written on the. tenth of July. Believe
me", father, all. letters from home are
very, very, welcome, but the letters that
you write are more than welcome. Ton
make me forget that I am only a private
.in a very large army. There are times
When a fellow gets discouraged and
homesick,' but a letter from mother and
you Is always a sure cure.
'I like to read your fighting letters'
and If X ever live to have a son and he
goes to war1 I am going to write him
. the same kind.
"It certainly surprises 'me to bear of
JJeo'e being drafted:. However, it makes
our family 100 per cent American and I
suppose that to 'some consolation to you
and mother.. - " -
Ae usual w have moved from the po
sition that we were la when I last wrote
home, i We certainly ? had ? liard .time
getting ia her.? as the mud was ankle
deep. It took usTubout M hours to travel
a little over half a mUe. we were sure
fagged when we at last got In.' :
. Killed by Shell
"I .almost had to stop writing a little
while ago. The Huns are dropping, a few
shells , over, and a couple of them lit
pretty close to hs. It s getting to be an
old story now: They - waste a lot of
shells but do ijo harm.
"up until the last few days, the weath
er has oeen very wet. out laieiy it
has cleared up to- a great extent. I surely
nope It continues to be clear, as moving
In .the, rain and mud is the most dis
agreeable thing that X know of.
"X am well and contented, so with, love
to all, I' remain your affectionate son.
Gerald.
"B. & Do not worry if you do not
near from me regularly, as we are work
ing rather bard and I cannot always se
cure paper and envelopes. I will write
Just as often as 1 can."
Before the missive was mailed Ma
larkey was killed, according to the fol
lowing postscript: - ?
"On the Front, August 12. Dear
Friends: Before sending the last letter
of Gerald's,' I am sorry to report that
he was killed by a shell-burst last eve
ning at about 6 o'clock, and is buried
east and south of Cluny, near Fere-en-
Tardenois.
- "PTE. R. O. PUN NULL, Mall Orderly
- . mi m '
In a letter received at The Journal
cigar store, Lewis J. Lack, now serving
In France with the 834th aero squadron.
A. E. F., writes of seeing a baseball
game In London. "What do you know
about It." he writes, "The Tanks are
making baseball fans out of the people
here. Every game you go to there are
more of them present The king and
queen attended the game I saw on, the
Fourth of July, Talking Of baseball,
our squadron was playing another aero
squadron at the camp a while ago and
this Is what I beard one Englishman say
to his friend: 'Really, they cawn't hit
that round ball hard with a round bat.'
"When I was on leave to London, I had
Just turned off the Strand and -was
walking down' Aldwych when I saw a
face wearing a smile that looked very
familiar, and a couple of seconds later
I was talking to Oswald West."
SSJ SB
Captain Henry Green Reed, son of
Mrs. C. J. Reed of Portland, is now
mustering officer at Camp Lewis. Cap
tain Reed recently was promoted from
the rank of first lieutenant and trans
ferred from the Depot brigade;
Word 'has been received of the death
of Clarence Eugene Geertson at League
Island Navy yard- of pneumonia. He
was the eldest son of Mr. and Mrs- E. P.
Geertson of Union, Or., 21 years old.
vnm
II1UW
AT
HUNS
YANKEE SOLDIERS
lf:T
I
MUST BE CRUSHED
- r :
Rainier Boy Writes ') of Feelings
of Men Y. M. C. A.f;fted
Cross, Salvation Army Praised.
MARCHING TROOPS ALL SING
American Cemetery, Containing
Body" of Nurse, Is Visited
Home Support Is Appreciated.
, . . . . ' J v i
we ahalL. We know, how nobly you folks
at Iwmei are standing behind ua,' giving
your support in Liberty bends. X . M. C.
A, and all. I must say again," that the
Red.Crofls," Y. M. C.tA and Salvation
army - are doing a most glorious work 1
and vie T huts give us our one real
touch of home. '
"On memorial day w visited the little
American" cemetery and; sprinkled the
graves, -with .flowers, amongr them the
grave of an American nurse. . 4 -4
i "I" have; surely had myj baptism of
fire, lying Cat to 'the' grass with the
shells whirring overhead apd apparently
straight at me. Have also seen two hos
pitals destroyed, and we know the Huns
know where they are as they are marked
plainly with r a red cross on i tops of
tents and bulldlngaf. . .:v-.r." '"'
''But our one great desire. Is to hear
from those we love. We cannot answer
Immediately, but you can understand
and wui not judge us too hastily, l
know."
Recruitingfor ,U. S.
JNavy Jieopens tor
Apprentice Seamen
An interesting letter has been received
from Clarence Erickson. 6r Rainier, who
enlisted with the Third Oregon two days
after war was declared and who Is now
serving In France with Company L 126th
U. S. Infantry. A. E. F. He writes
from St. Airnon in part as follows:
"Sis. if there is a T. M. C A. around
there, or' a Salvation, army, give It
boost. The Salvation army is not getting
half enough credit for what It is doing
over here, and 'we certainly appreciate
their work up at the front
i "The .only Yankee, soldiers Vto .com
plain here are the ones who have not
been to the front. I suppose you read
In your papers of the desperate effort
of the Huns to break Into our lines.
Have no fear, sis. Right is on our aide
and we cannot lose, especially with such
brave allies as the French and British
on our side.
"It's a wonderful sight to see these
heroic soldiers on the march the pollus
in their light blue uniforms sing ' the
'Marseillaise" . as they go on to - battle.
The undaunted Britishers in dusty and
worn khaki with many old menvln line
sing once in a while too, but they do
not sing Tipperary any more, it's gener
ally - 'Pack Up Your Troubles in Your
Old Kit Bag and, Smile.' But best of all
comes the Yankee boys, swinging along
and singing 'Oh, WhereJ5o We Go From
Here, Boys,' or 'It's a Long Way To
Berlin, But We'll Get There, By Heck.'
"No one can look into the eyes of
these men without, feeling that they are
in the fight to a finish, yes, and to
Hun finish. Sis, I. .don't write this in
a boasting way, but we. feel we .-must
fully win this war and with God's-help.
The United States navy recruiting sta
tion in the Dekum building threw open
wide its I doors 'yesterday for enlist
ments. .Applications, will be taken daily
until the order comes to halt, . accord
ing to Q. E. DonnelL chief electrician.
Men may enlist only as apprentice sea
men, but will later be given ratings ac
cording to their special qualifications.
The work of the station. will cease
when the requests for voluntary indue
tions are sent - to . the provost marshal
Keneral, and when the local boards have
been notified to induct the men for the
navy the completion of their enlistment
will be carried on at Seattle, which has
been made the mobilization station for
the navy.
Firm to Build 19
Modern Homes on
Caesar Park Land
BROWN COI W
I1VETI0N OF
"PRISON SCANDAL
Charges of Joe Keller's Taking
'Money From Prisoners to Get
Paroles U nder Consideration.
GOVERNOR FAVORS
. .
KELLER
Trouble at State , Prison Is 'Said
to Be Due to Parole Officer's
Desire to Be Warden at Prison
Preparing to take ah active.' part Jn
the city's housing program, Ritter. Lowe
& Co. have purchased 19 lots fronting
on Killingsworth avenue, in Caesar
Park. Alberta .district. The lots are
two blocks from a streetcar line. Each
is 60 by 100 "feet in else, level and im
proved for building purposes.
According to A. A. Ritter, the com
pany, proposes to build modern bunga
lows on" the lots. Construction will be
to suit purchasers, at prices ranging
from $1500 to 12500.
Salem. Oct S. -r- Attorney General
Brown, who returned Thursday irom an
official visit to Harny county, has his
investigation of the state penitentiary
parole scandal under way. He la laying
a foundation which he says will enable
him to do a thorough job, but the length
of time which will be required to con
duct the probe is sot known..
Since . suspicion has been cast upon
State Parole Officer Joe Keller in con
nection with the alleged trafficking In
paroles, that official has spent a great
tieal ol time with Governor Wlthycombe.
and it is known that he .has the full
confidence of the chief executive. He
Is considered one of the favorites in the
governor's official family.
Murphy te Fight
But whether - the attorney general's
investigation confirms or disproves the
suspicion that Keller has been taking
money from convicts before using his
influence in obtaining a parole for them,
it is predicted by those who are in close
touch with the penitentiary situation
that Warden Murphy is not going to
quietly swallow the charge made by
Keller that Murphy was behind a frame
up to connect Keller with the scandal
which came to light when discoverywas
made of the attempt of M. S. Irvin, a
convict, to send out a check for $200 to
be used for the ostensible purpose of
buying him a parole.
Warden Murphy has declined to make
any comment relative to the Keller ac
cusation, which was made as soon as
suspicion was turned toward Keller, but
through the warden's friends it. la known
that he - strongly resents the charge.
It Is even declared that the warden is
prepared to force the Issue with the
governcT and; demand - that either Kel-:
ler.be removed from his position as pa-
role ioff leer or else a newwarden be ap
pointed. ,A-: . t
. r Jaener ;ianaeaeei Goraor . .
Because of Keller's strong "stand in"
with" the governor, it is said he wields
a 'greater influence over the convicts
who are- seeking' paroles or clemency
than does, the warden. And whea the
scandal-broke in connection with the
200 check , or the-- convict, i Irvin," the
governor stated In a published interview
that -it was on Keller's" recommendation
that, he was holding Irvtn's parole. The
governor: also .has stated that he is
guided largely by- what Keller says la
granting paroles and pardons. -
Under such circumstances the convict
toady . to .- Keller and care little for
the: authority of the warden. This has
been the source of trouble 'between Kel
ler and the warden ever since Keller
was appointed. - I
In addition to this it baa been fre
quently asserted? that Keller wanted
Warden Murphy's job and. that is why
he has undermined the warden with the
convicts and made' the administration of
the penetentiary as difficult as possible
But it Is not expected that the issue
between Warden Murphy and Keller
will be forced prior to the election
November 5th. because the governor is
not going to permit an open break in i
his official family prior to mat event
if he can avoid it. ,
Major; Matson's Talk
At Spokane Meeting
Is Well deceived
"Major Ralph Matson's address on
the medical examination of men enter;
ing the service with special reference
to tuberculosis, was one "of the feature
of the Northwest tuberculosis . confer
ence fn Spokane." said. Mrs. Saidie Orr
Dunbar. executive secretary of .the
Oregon Association for the Prevention
of Tuberculosis, who has Just returned
fsom the convention.
The .public; -health nursing round
table was conducted by Miss Emma E.
Grittinger, formerly superintendent of
the Visiting Nurse association of Port
land. Mrs. Dunbar read a paper on the
"Use and Valuo of Surveys." The ded
ication of the new Spokane county
tuberculosis infirmary, with 210 beds,
was held during' the convention.
One of the most important announce
ments made was. that the sale of Red
Cross Christmas seals would not he
held this year. In Dscember the Amerl
can Red Cross will conduct Its annual
membership drive and with each )
membership 10 seals and some tuber
culosis literature will be given. The
Red. Cross has guaranteed the groui
income of last year with an added per
rentage.
ExGovernor Westr r j
To-Tell Bis5 War
Zone Experiences
ing crowded houses since, the film was
ftrstv shown here Sunday nlghc M The
Wednesday, evening program twfll $ torn
glveu under the direct auspices of the -Ad
.club.t Special musical numbers will
be arranged - by Mrs. Thomas Carriclc
BurkA. - - t f ' - " -.--'
C 4.
Former Governor Oswald West's first
public report of his experiences la the
w" oaa.from which he has Just ra-
turned will be .made at The Auditorium
Wednesday evening at t o'clock. West
wiu speak before the showing of the
f?eia' govern men it 4r picture, ."Amer
ica's Answer." which has been attract-
Fred Ylaeent Goes td Study AvIaUoa
i Fred W, Vlnoent, well-known Port
land' newspaper . man. 'left 8unday for
Boston to train In aviation at the Boa
ton School et Technology, training Mo
tion. ' Mr, Vincent - enlisted t about
mnth, ago. i He is a son Dr; and Mrs.
w. ytnoenc ox noinia. --
II - : : - ' .... '
Dry Peach Stones and Deposit Them in Liberty Peach Stone Barrels Outside Our Store The Government Wants Them for Use in GaslMasksa
r
Crashing Through
to Berlin"
You'll wint to see. this picture,
which conies to the Star Theatre
next Sunday and will be shown all
week. Admission 25c. Proceeds go
to U S. Kanninjr Kitchen for supply
ing fruits, etc., to Base and Recon
struction Hospitals.
Private Peat
ts Coming
He will speak at the Municipal Au
ditorium next Monday, 8:15 P. M.j
auspices British Red Cross, subject
"Two Years in Hell and Back With a
Smile." His book (75c) and lecture
tickets, on sale Book Shop, Fifth Floor.
iSvvermg the Cal
the- Quality Sto rjs- of- Portland
nUv. -SIxttvTfarruKMV Alder ata,
..... ......... . .
1 for Fall.
The West's Greatest ToyAown
Is Brimful of Wartime Toys
Old Santa Claus this year comes laden with guns, submarines and all the
armament of mimic warfare for sturdy American boys. Of course, he has not
forgotten the gentler things for sister dolls and the like.
Toytown is at its best this year It is a Made in U. S. A. Toytown: Bring;
the kiddies to see it Remember. Uncle Sam says "shop early."
' . Meier & Frank's: Toytown, Fifth Floor.
J
The Council of National pefense Says
Begin Your Christmas Shopping Now.
and
Hoi
Already there is manifest on the part of cur patrons a most praiseworthy desire to help
the Government make effective its plan pf rpreading holiday shopping over the months of
October and November and early December, thus avoiding the cffgeSlSofSLgto
r
idav
and Winter
;S-
(UUtS
JMeeds
MEIER & FRANK'S ir 100 Ready
With All Staple and Holiday Goods.
'i'i
i
Jersey
Dresses
. For Misses
and Women
New Shipment
Just Received
t New jersey dresses for
Tall and Winter wear are
here in a splendid' assort
ment of styles and colors.
Plain tailored r straight line
models and deep tunic effects.
Fancy woo!, braid embroid
ered and button trimmed styles.
Tan, taupe, light gray, plum.
Burgundy, brown, navy, Pekin
and green.
$19.50-52.50
--Meler-es Frank's :
.yVpparel Shop. Fourth Floor.
facilities that would result from the concentration of holiday purchasing as heretofore in the
short period immediately preceding Christmas; We urge you to look ahead and buy now, i
The store is full of useful articles that will mak: most acceptable gifts. Shdp early in the day.
Tomorrow Is Sewing Day
m our Notion Shop. We have complete "stocks of all
sewing needfuls at little prices! A fewVof Wednes
day's .specials : - '
6 Spools Charter, Oak
Thread f or30c
rKsartsaft' fm IT asVfavlMss frXvei A "1 A aamjI tikas,.
, , wnaA wivau,- .UIIVW1
"In all sixes, black and ' white, , 300 ' yards
on spool., spools for 30e
tri.M.iii. if..n..i.i , . . mm . . . .
-white and eolors, 100-yd.. spool Se.v
Boned Beltlntf. black and white,
,, v straight and : curved, broken
Button Thread, khaki color, 6e4
yard' spool. BeV - ' i w .
Keedles, 16 assorted needles on
-A . AM i- ....... . -
- card. 10Y '-.'.;-Dreasmakersr
Pins; No. t steel
pins, H-lb. ox, ZS.t.'
Washiacton ' Steel Fins, ' 400
' count paper. B-.
ThlmbJen. etlver-plated, all alses,
for 10 - each 6..
Reversible Tape - Measures, S0-i-
inch, each B.'';. .- .
Palmer Adjustable Skirt Marte
1 ra,'.ach ,1B.- ' "v-i.
Franko Hooks and Eyes, Black
, and - white. 'broken eies,:s
rds 1O0 - card 6 '
Cri , ' i st Snap, .Fasteners, - Mack
sni white.', assorted slses.
assortment . of. wMtv s.
yrd aos.;.r.
Mercerised . tMtoh rape. fine
quality, 8- yard piece, 20.
Featherbonlns;, , broken assort
r ment. special 2. yds. foir 6.
Btickerte Edcihgv naest . quality.
white wlth, colored; edges; U
-- yard pleoe. asrw -?
Trtmmlngr jBraid,. wide assort-
... pieces IBi ' - .v.j.,
Kaiad Dress Shields.', nainsook
covered, crescent shaped.' sixes
. . . f 1 .
i card 5e,;?; - ;;JvV l?nd t, hatt iQ, X,
Floors
-ssssssss
Here's a Sale That Will
CROWD THE STORE!
With. Men Buying for Themselves and Friends
, . and Women Buying for Men
The Shirt Sale of the Year
The Rigrit Kind of . Shirts
r t - for Fall and Winter . X '
Several Thousaiid Good Shirts
v At This Almost Extinct Price
KOT dollar shirts, but shirts -that-MEIER & FRANK
.COMPANY alone, thanks to the exercise of yare initiative
coupiea witti the keenest of foresight and tremendous pur
chasing, power; eait; afford to sell, at $ for,, purposes of
.this sale and while sale, Quantities remain. .
f vf Not shirt in the' lot worth, less than St. 50 today and many are worth .
all of 2.00. We secured this fine lot in a special' purchase made last
year. The shirts have since been made up and .are -ready for our
patrons, '.-v'''.. , ... - - ,
- . ' Famous Baxter (extra heavy) , repp clothe popRn,1 corded, madras- and
t percale .materials- all have finewearine qualities. - ,
; Fulf cut shirts. r Well made. Loteof rood looking stripes. Soft cuff
styles. All aires AA to 1 7. A-t valtfes, at a dollar -come early. '
- -' " , ' , Meier A Frank's : Hen's Furnishings Shop, Main Floor.
-ill .-JTi
V " .. , ''1 ::
Ready Now Complete Stocks of
Fashionable Furs
.Our patrons will be espe-.
dally pleased with . the
beauty, extensiveness, va
riety and. worth of this new
collection of furs. The prices
you will find- surprisingly
moderate.
Animal scarfs a. large
showing in all the popular
new models straight and
fitted effects.' .
Wolf, fox and lynx are
the feature furs of this as
sortment in black, taupe.
brown and red. 35 to
87.50.
Hudson ' seal (seal dyed
muskrat) s c a r f s- in long
straight effects, also capes
and coatees fashioned of this
most desirable fur. 45 up
to 175.
Furs of all kinds mink,
skunk, raccoon, muskrat, ko
linsky, coney, squirrel all
the newest effects. A wide.
range of prices all most
moderate.
Meier Frank's : Fu- Shop, Fourth Floor.
Voile and Marquisette 33 c
Qualities that would sell regularly at 45c yard, tomor
row 33c. ' "
Borders, fancy mesh effects and cross-bars included. At
tractive patterns. vFUl serviceable' materials.
Serviceable Pouch Covers 2.45 -
; too of these good conch covers at' this "price tomorrow.
Striped effects in tones of brown. rd and green. -;.-;
' ; -Meier Frank's : ' Prspery Shop, Seventh Floor,
Grocery
Butter Blue Ribbon; Ircsh creamery, finest quality,
AJ 1 Uli .10.. a. m f liOtf
Preserve, ; raspberry-apple or strawberry-apple 20
oi.! Mason jars; dozen $35per jar,. .28c
Sp
5 ity fcsllon .bottles, $1.69.
Soap, - Swifts IWhlte Laundry,
limit ' 1 0 : bars to customer.
M'10- bar S9c' ' r V."-"'-!Taasr
Fish. -Van Camp's; -No.
- Vt y cans, . dozen $20,
""can c-.rv'y .'v ,
Mayoanais our own ' ' make,
ffct.finestoquality, lb, SOCf
Peanut Batter, fresh and pure.
- 1D.-ZZCV r,
Salad Oil. Columbia, medium
' size -v can- 79c imall .size
can 39c'-'-"'.'.'' : .. ':fZ:
Vaailla or LemeQ Cztrsct
(imitation)., fine ' for - bak
r Ing. 4 H-oz, bottle 19c
' ' '' Meier A Frank's:
v- -Ninth Floor. .Fifth street.
it
'A Store Ji Pays to Visit
Every Shopping Trip!"
We quote this sentiment for it is one that should be- ,
come a byword. It is a good habit to cultivate, as thou- t
sands have found out to their advantage that of walking
through out Downstairs Store as often as one a-shopping -
Ses- .
There are always vastly interesting displays of merchandise the 4
kind the people want and there are always rich savings to be gar
nered by the thriftily inclined. Even though not intent on buying
at the time, something will always present itself to be stored up for
future reference. .. , ir
Our dairy ads 'glimpse only a few of this buy store's many sided
activities. These specials for tomorrow: , ?
Specials, for Women
Two attractive millinery offerings:
Untrimmed Shapes $3.49
When we tell you
tht these are new Fall'
and Winter hats in a
popular new material
and in, the very ' latest
of shapes hats worth
,at least , i more you
will realize how excep
tional this offer is
12 Styles
New shades of taupe, sand, brown, purple and black with differ
ent facings. . :
New Velvet Hats at $3.49
Smartly trimmed and tailored hats for e very-day wear. Ah espe
cially fine showing of turbans at this price. Mostly black, some colors.
AlI-Wool Shoulder Shawls 79c
Others at $1.39. Ouatntly attractive shawls reminiscent of the
days of '61. Warmly serviceable, too; Size 35x35 'inches, i Checks
and plaids. Fringed. Just the thing for house wear. Off the market
today. ? . . - v
Outing Flannel Gowns $1
This price is. less than today's factory cost To insure that as
many of our patrons as possible share in this bargain we will have. to
LIMIT a TO A CUSTOMER. Good quality teaseldown flannel. Plain
white and fancy stripes. Hemstitched and fancy trimmed collars.
New Boudoir
Caps 49c
Crepe de Chine, Georgette and
Jap silk caps in all colors. Fancy
lace' trimmed, ribbon and rose
trimmed ten styles 'to ielect
from. Very special at 49c. iV
Kabo Corset
Waists 98c
Misses' Kabo Corn-Fit corset
waists of .good quality coutil.
well boned, with corset clasp and
-two supporters. Sizes to to 16
years. Very special at 98c.
For Men and Boys
Six good offerings in this section :
Men's Heavy
Shirts $3.69 .
. Heavy, gray wool mixed shirts
unexcelled for warmth and wear.
Full cut garments. Made wth
pocket. All sizes.
Men's Union
Suits $2.98
Heaty wool mixed union suits
In gray. Form-fitting, Closed
crotch. Sizes 34 to 44.
: Sale- of Boys'
Chinchilla
Men's Chambray
Shirts $1.00
. Blue chambray snlrts with col
lar attached. Full cut garments.
Wei) made. One pocket. All
sizes at f.
Men'sj Leather; 't
. Men's Indian' tan leather
gloves thxt . wilP give extraordi
nary service- Special, pair. 69c, v
Extra Special at
$3.95
Mr
mm
u --
AVt.it
i- a v - mrr
, Smartly styled, well hi tailored
chinihllla overcoats for boys -
to. J. - Ideal " Fall and ' Wlntertar
ments. Brown . md - gray:
Full flannel lined. Worth
J4 more..
t
at least .. p. ' - ' ' , -,l
;Boys d'5yjburig; Men's
Mackinaws at $5.95
i-
This price is less than -present tnarket cosi." Warnil , well made
w .mackinaws in plaids and fancy mixtures- .Sizes 10 to 18 years. .
. : -Meier Prank'. Ixnrer Price Store. Baaemrat Balcony,
r
-
,.
t ' : .'
i -
i
. . - - . ' r :s .
-4 j
-" - uv .- -
. - -'. . .. r-